KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHE
IJlXIG DLJIMG CHi THf PHAIXl TIJ TROIMG CHOIM T A O GIOIMG CHE
La T u i i Nghla*
T6MTAT
Che {Camellia sinensis) la cay cong nghidp quan trpng trong ca cau phat triin kinh tl cac tinh trung du va mien niii nudc ta. Mac du duoc dau tu thuc hidn tir nhung nam 80 cua thi ky 20 nhung cho den nay, cong tac chpn tao gidng che vAn con nhieu han che. Cac gidng che mdi co dupc hidn nay chii yeu dupc chpn tao bang phuang phap truyen thdng thong qua lai tao, chpn Ipc va nhan gidng, v.v... do do tdn nhieu thdi gian va cong sue nhung hieu qua lai khong cao. Dl vupt qua nhung ban che noi trdn trong nghidn ciru nay da sir dung cong nghd chi thi phan tu trp giup cho cong tac chon tao gidng che vdi npi dung ve danh gia da dang di truyin va xac dinh cay che lai thuc thu. Ket qua nghien ciiru da chpn dupc mpt sd dong che mdi co trien vpng phuc vu cho san suat; dac biet trong sd nay da chpn dupc hai dong che: TKt-6 va PBt-2 co tiem nang nang suat cao va chat lupng tdt dang dupc phat trien phuc vu cho san xuat che d nudc ta.
Tir kh6a: Camellia sinensis, chon tao gidng che, da dang di truyen, v$ tinh cue nho (microsatellite), NTSYSpc, xac dinh con lai.
LDATVANDE
Cd ngudn gdc tu nhidn tir Ddng Nam chAu A, din nay cAy ehi {Camellia sinensis (L.) 0 . Kuntze) da dupe du nhap vA trdng phd biin d ban nAm muoi qude gia khAc nhau. Hidn nay eung vdi ea cao vA cA phd, ehe IA mdt trong ba thir dd udng dupc ua chudng nhat trdn thi gidi vA nhu eau vl cAc san pham tir ehe (dd udng, my pham, v.v.) ngAy cAng gia tAng, kio theo dd la sir md rdng eiia ngAnh san xuat vA cbl biin ehe trdn thi gidi (Dd Ngpe Quy, Nguydn Kim Phong, 1997).
Vi|t Nam la nudc ed truyin thdng trong canh tac, ehi biin vA su dung ehe; ddng thdi eung IA mdt trong nhirng qude gia xuat khau ehi khd hAng dau thi gidi. NhAm hudng tdi mue tieu dAp irng nhu eau tidu diing trong nudc vA nAng eao gia tri xuat khau ehe (ea vl sd lupng vA ehat lupng) trdn thi trudng qude tl, edng tAc chpn tao gidng che mdi d nudc ta da dupe dau tu tir khA lAu. Tuy nhien, do ehu ylu theo phuong phAp truyin thdng (lai hihi tinh, dAnh giA ehpn lpe dua tren kilu hinh, v.v..) nen nhimg kit qua dat dupe din nay ehua thuc sir dAp img dupe nhu cau phat triin eua ngAnh ehi.
Trong nhiiu nAm gan day cdng nghi sinh hpc, mA dac bi|t la cdng nghp ehi thj phAn tur, dupc coi la edng eu hiiu hidu trong hd trp vA nang eao hidu qua eiia edng tAe ehpn tao gidng truyin thdng (Tran Dire Trung, LA Tuan Nghla vA es, 2009; Nguyin VAn Thiep vA es, 2010). Chi thi phAn tir da dupc ung dung rat thAnh edng trdn nhiiu loai ddi tupng cAy trdng
khAe nhau nhu lua, ngd, dau tuong, v.v... Tuy nhidn, dii IA cAy trdng cd giA tri kinh t l eao nhtmg cho din nay ung dung cua cdng nghd smh hpc ndi ehung vA chi thi phAn tir ndi ridng trong chpn tao gidng che d nudc ta edn rat ban ehi.
Trong nghidn euu nay, da ung dung ehi thj phan tu trong nghidn ciiru ehpn tao gidng cbl nhAm khAe phue nhirng han chi cua cAc phuong phap chpn tao truyin thdng va nAng eao hi|u qua edng tac chpn tao gidng cbl nang suat eao, chat lupng tdt phue vu nhu eau sAn xuat cua nganh ehi nude ta.
n. VAT L P VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU 1. VAt U|u nghidn cim
Chin muoi gidng ehi dupe lira ehpn tir tap doAn gidng che dang dupc luu gitr bao tdn d Vidn Khoa hpc Ky thuat Ndng lAm nghiep miin niii phia Bac dupc sir dung dl lAm eae gidng ehi bd, me phuc vu edng tAc chpn tao gidng. 21 ehi thi SSR (Sunple Sepuenee Repeat- Sao chip ed trinh tu don gien) (Freeman et al., 2004; Ueno et al., 1999) dupc su dung trong phAn tich da dang di truyin cAc gidng ehi vA ehpn gidng nhd chi thj phan tir (bang 1).
2. Phuong phAp nghidn cim
Danh giA dAc diim hinh thai va cae dAe tinh ndng hpc: Dupc tiin hanh theo cAc tidu chi cua IPGRI, 1997 vA tidu ehuan vl danh gia cAy chi. Nhan dang ADN (DNA fingerprinting), phAn tich xAc dinh cAy lai Fl dupc tiin hAnh theo qui trinh eua Porebski, 1997. Nudi cay nhAn in vitio cAy che trong mdi trudng MS cd eai tiin (Nguydn Van Thidp va es, 2010). PhAn tich da dang di truyin sir dung phan 'Trung tam Tai nguyen Di truyen thpc vat.
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE
mim NTSYSpc v2.1DC. (Rohlf. 2008).
Bang 1.6 cap mdi SSR cho da hinh giiia cAc gidng c h i nghidn ciiru trong sd 21 cap mdi da sir dung Mdi
CamsinMl CamsmM2 CamsinM4 CamsmM5 CamsinMS CamsinM13
Trinh tir (5'-3") (0 GAATCAGGACATTATAGGAATTAA
(f) CCTCTGGTGGTCCTACACCT
(f) ACATTCAAGCANTCCACATATGTGAAA (f) AAACTTCAACAACCAGCTCTGGTA (f) CCATCATTGGCCATTACTACAA (0 CACATTGTGGCGTGTTATTAATTT
(r) GGCCGAATGTTGTCTTTTGT (r) AAAGCCTTGATGCCTTTCG
(r) CCTGNTGCAGGACTGTCTATAGATGA (r) ATTATAGGATGCAAACAGGCATGA (r) CCATATGTGTGTGAATGATAAAACC (r) ACATTGGCTATCTCrrCATCATGG f Mdi xudi, r: mdi ngupc
IIL KET QUAVA THAO LUAN 1. Lai t a o giiia cAc g i d n g c h e
T r u d c k h i c h p n tao cAc td h p p lai vdi m u e tidu sd eho thi he eon lai cd nAng suat va chat lupng cao trong nghien euu da tiin hAnh phAn tieh da dang dua tren hinh thAi vA mue dd ADN sir dung mdi SSR; trdn CO sd nAy da ehpn ra nhiing td hpp lai thieh hpp nham dap img dupc mue tieu ndu trdn.
Hinh 1. Anh hinh dang vA kich thudc cua IA chd. 1 &
2: chi Trung Quoc; 3,4 & 5: c h i Cambod; 6 & 7: chi Assam
H I 2 3 4 S 6 7 H 9 M 10 It 12 13 14 IS 16 17 M s a • • , *— ^ " ^ • . ^ " •' - -: V » ^ ^ J U • ' I::i3 » - * - > 1^,- »^,~. ^ . ; t::;^ ^ ^ • < . , . . - . v - f ^
A
M l 2 3 4 i « 7 t 9 10 M 11 12 13 14 IS 16 1> M . \Mi b . 4 ^ . . . ^ teal ^' • iend **** t«N^ **^ . . "•'^ *'*^ *»** "^ p ^ W»» . . ^
— luSyi^ujUkJiidbi^'&iiukdto^wyy^
~ B ~
M l 2 3 4 5 6 7 N J 10 M 11 12 13 14 15 1 6 , 17 M
E. '"' ^-' ^ N !^ ^ E
M 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 M 1 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 M
D
Hinh 2. Anh di|n di san pham PCR vdi cAc mdi CamsinMl (A), CamsinM4 (B), CamsmMS (C) vA CamsmM13 (D) 1-17: cic gidng che; M: lOObp DNA ladder
Dua trdn bd ehi tidu chuan ciia IPGRI ddi vdi eay UPGMA (he sd o-clit).
chi, 12 ehi tidu hinh tiiai ehinh da dupc ehpn lira lAm Kit qua phAn nhdm dua trdn hinh tiiai eho tiiay CO sd dAnh giA 90 gidng ehe bd me. Hai ehi tidu dang mire dd khAc bidt di tiiiyen Euchdean (o-elit) giiia cAe than vA kieh thudc IA IA cAe ehi tidu chinh ed the giup gidng che trong khoang tir 0,5 (giua gidng Shan Tan phan loai dd dang cAc gidng che (hinh 1). CAc mau Chiva Cu De Phun^ din 97,8 (giiia gidng Thiet Bio ADN ciia 90 gidng ehe dA duoc sir dung lAm khudn Tri va Trung Du Tim). Cay phan nhdm di tinyln cho phan ung PCR su dung mdi SSR. San pham PCR UPGMA phan chia 90 gidng che tiianh hai nhdm ldn
(hinh 2) vA phan mim TotalLab TL120 dupc six dung chinh (hinh 3A). Nhdm A bao gdm 49 gidng dupc dl phan tich da dang di tinyln cac gidng che. phan chia tiiAnh bdn phan nhdm, ti-ong dd phan nhdm - Phin nhdm di tivySn giiia cic gidng chd Al\aA2 dupc xac dinh tiiudc tiiu ehe Assam, phan Tir sd lieu dAnh giA dac diem hinh tiiai va nhan nhdm A3 vA A4 tiiudc tiiir che Cambod. Diern dAng dang ADN su dung mdi SSR ciia 90 gidng che nghidn
cim da tiin hAnh xAy dung cAy phAn nhdm di truyin chii y IA cAc gidng che dupc cho IA tiiir che Smensis (cAc gidng che ed ngudn gdc HAn Qude, Nhat Ban) lai
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
tiiudc phan nhdm A4. Su bien ddi dac diim hmh thai tiieo diiu kidn thd nhudng, khi hau ed thi IA nguydn nhan dan din kit qua nhu trdn. CAy phAn nhdm di truyin cung eho thay cAc gidng ehi Shan cua Vidt Nam (Sudi GiAng, ChatTiln (Al), NamTy (A2), Nam Ngat, TTiam VI, Lung Phm (A3)) dupc phan vAo thir cbl Assam vA Cambod. Kit qua nAy phii hpp vdi nhan dinh trudc dAy vl phan loai cAy ehe Shan Viet Nam
(Dd Ngpe Quy, 1997). 39 gidng edn lai dupc phAn vAo nhdm B, ehu ylu ed ngudn gdc tir Trung Qude hoac IA dang lai tao vdi gidng che Trung Qude. CAe gidng nAy dupe xAc dinh thudc thu che Sinensis.
Ciing vdi phAn tich dua trdn kilu hmh, kit qua phAn nhdm di truyin dua trdn sd li|u nhan dang ADN eua 90 gidng ehi eho thay mue dp tuong ddng di truyin (similarity) tir 0,438 (giua gidng B'lao va Triet Giang 1) din 0,967 (giiia ddng ^7vA 29). PhAn nhdm UPGMA da xAc dinh dupc cAc gidng ehe cd quan hd gan giii vl mat di truyin nhu nhdm eae gidng: Trilt Giang 1, 2, 3; nhdm Phue Dinh 1, 3;
Phiic VAn sd 10, Phiic Van Tidn, PT95 va Trilt Giang 1, 2, 3 (Trung Qude); nhdm B'lao; Minh Rdng 1 vA TB14 (LAm Ddng); nhdm cAc gidng: ehi Nhat Ban
Midori, Sayamakaori, Yamanoyburi, Okuyutaka va Line 27 & Luie 29 ^Ai Loan); nhdm eae gidnp;:
TRI777, Pousang, Manipur Dangri, Swmglaybari (An Dp). Nhu vay, phan tich dua trdn kilu gien eho thay mue dp da dang vA phan nhdm cAc gidng ehe chi tilt hon so vdi dua trdn hinh thai. Kit qua nAy ed y nghla quan trpng trong xAe dinh vA lira chpn cAp gidng ehi bd me phii hpp cho cdng tac lai tao.
- Xic dinh c^p gidng chd bdme ddtaotdhgp lm Dl chpn lua dupc nhiing cAp bd me khi lai tao nhan dupc till hd con lai theo mong mudn trong ehpn tao gidng nhd ehi thi phan tir ngudi ta thudng dua vAo khoang cAch di truyin giiia hai gidng. Niu hai gidng bd me ed khoang cAch di truyin qua gan nhau thi se dl lai tao, nhung khd tao ra con lai ed uu thi lai eao;
ngupc lai niu khoang cAeh di truyin quA xa thi khd tao ra phdi lai ed sue sdng eao dl phAt triin tiip theo va trong trudng hpp nay thudng phai Ap dung ky thuat euu phdi. Theo tinh toAn vA thuc nghi|m cho thay quan he di truyin giiia hai gidng, vl mue tuong ddng tir 60-70% vA miic khAe bi|t tir 3040%, thi sd dAp iing ydu cau cd thi lai tao thAnh edng vA nhan dupc con lai cd im thi lai cao (Mondal, 2009).
Kit hpp giira khoang each di truyin, dAc diim hinh thAi, dAc bidt la thdi gian nd hoa, dl lira chpn ra cAc td hpp lai ed tilm nAng nham dat dupe cAc ddng ehe mdi cd nAng suat chat lupng cao. Trong sd 90 gidng cbl ban dau, qua dAnh giA vA sAng lpe, 49 cAp lai dA dupc xAc dinh vA dupe ehi ra d bang 2.
CAe td hpp lai dA xAc dinh dupc giao phan trong diiu kidn cAch ly. NhAm dam bao thanh edng tdi da ciia cAc phip lai, ddng thdi nhAn nhanh cAc ddng cbl mdi ehpn tao, nghidn euu da tiin hAnh tAch vA dua vAo nudi eay euu phdi, nhan nhanh eay cbl lai.
2. Nudi c^y in-vitro tao cAy cbl lai - Nudi cay tao cay che lai
Toan bp phdi lai eua 49 td hpp lai dupc thu tAch dua vAo nudi eay cuu phdi in-vitio va sau dd tAi sinh eay hoAn ehinh.
Hmh 3. CAy phAn nhdm di truyin 0-cUt-UPGMA dua trdn dAe diim hinh thAi (A) vA nit tuong ddng- UPGMA dua ti-dn kilu gien SSR (B) eua 90 gidng chd
KHOA HOC CbNG
N G H £Xic dinh cay che lai thiic thii
Mdt trong nhiing van dl quan trpng dAt ra ddi vdi edng tAe ehpn tao gidng la xac djnh cay lai Fl dieh thue vA loai bd cac cay lai hinh thanh ngoAi y mudn (do hoa tu thu hoAc hidn tupng thu phan cheo khdng mong mudn). Trong nghien cuu nay, 6/21 chi thi SSR (bang 2) cho da hmh giiia cac gidng che bd, me da dupc sur dung dl nhan dang kilu gien va xac dinh cay ehi lai thuc thu; cAc chi thi gdm:
CamsmMl, CamsinM2, CamsmM4, CamsmM5, CamsmMS vA CamsinM13. Kit qua nhan dang kilu gien eua mdt sd cAy ehi lai vA gidng bd, me dupc till hien d hinh 6.
Bang 2. CAc cap lai giiia cAc gidng chi dupc xAc dinh dua trdn h | sd quan hd di truyin
Tir anh didn di, cac cay che lai dich tiiuc dupc xAc dinh theo nguydn tAe: cac alen eua mdt locus d cAy lai phai cd d cay bd hoAc cay me hoAc d ca hai cAy bd me; alen xuat hien d eay bd hoac cay me ed thi khdng xuat hidn d cay lai phu thudc vao su phan ly cua cAc alen (Wetton et al., 1992). Thdng qua so sanh kieu gien (ddng thdi d 6 locus SSR) ciia cae cay ehe lai va gidng bd me, cac cay che lai thuc thu da dupc xac dinh va dua vao nhan nhanh in-vitio, tao ngudn vat heu cho cdng tac danh gia, chpn lpe ddng ehi lai triin vpng.
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Caplai($xc?) Dai Bach TrA x Konkhida
Dai Bach TrA X PHI Dai Bach TrA x Shan Cii D l
Phimg
Hiing Dinh Bach x 5A Hiing Dinh Bach x Assam
Hiing Dinh Bach x F16 Hiing Dinh Bach x Karasingu
Hiing Dinh Bach x Manipur Himg Dinh Bach x Swinglaybari
Kim Tuydn x 5A Kim Tuydn x BAt Tien
Kim Tuydn x Gnizia2 Kim Tuydn x Himg Dinh Bach
Kim Tuydn x Konkhida Kim Tuydn x Maeomen
Kim Tuydn x PHI Kim Tuyen x Phue Van Tien
Kim Tuydn xPT95 Kim Tuyen x Sd 1 Kun Tuyen X TRI 777 Kun Tuydn x Tu Quy Xuan
Olong Thanh Tam x PHI Olong Thanh Tam x TRI 777 Olong Thanh TAm x Hiing Dinh
Bach PHI X BAt Tien
Kyhilu DbtKkd DbtPh DbCdp
Hdb5a HdbA HdbFie
HdbKa HdbMa HdbSw Kt5a KtBt KtGr2 KtHdb KtKkd KtMac Kti'h KtPvt
KtPt Ktl Kt777 KtTqx OPh 0777 OHdb PBt
SM*
0,575 0,575 0,521 0,740 0,589 0,671 0,603 0,644 0,644 0,562 0,616 0,521 0,575 0,493 0,630 0,548 0,630 0,575 0,685 0,644 0,575 0,644 0,735 0,644 0,685
TT 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49
Cap lai ($X(?) PHI X Phiic An PHI X Phiic Van Tien
PHI X PT95 PHI X Saemidori PHI X Trilt Giang 1 PHI x T u Quy Xuan Phiic Van Tien x Assam
PT95 X Assam Shan Chat Tiin x Dai Bach
TrA
Shan ChatTiln X PHI Shan Cii D l Phiing X PHI
Shan Tham VIX PHI Sd 36 X Shan Cii D l Phiing
Sd 36 X Shan Nam NgAt Sd 9 X Shan Chat Tien Sd 9 X Shan CiiDl Phimg
Sd 9 X Shan Nam NgAt Sd 9 X Shan Tham VI
Thilt Bao Tra X S o l TRI 777 X BAt Tidn TRI 777 X Kun Tuydn
Trung Du x Hd Nam Trung Du x Kun Tuydn Trung Qude IA nhd x Sd 9
Kyhilu PPh PPv PPt PSa PTr PTq Pvt\
PtA SDb CtPh CdpPh
TvPh 36Cdp
36Nn 9Ct 9Cdp
9Nn 9Tv Tbtl 777Bt 777Kt THn
TKt Tqn9
SM*
0,727 0,671 0,671 0,712 0,575 0,589 0,616 0,589 0,575 0,644 0,644 0,548 0,534 0,548 0,685 0,603 0,452 0,616 0,589 0,699 0,644 0,699 0,548 0,671 Ddi chdng: gidng Trung Du (tiiu phan tu nhidn)
* Mdc dp tuong ddng di truyen (similarity) giiia hai gidng che bd, me
KHOA HOC CbNG NGHE
Hinh 4. Anh lai tao gitia cAc gidng chd
Hinh 5. Anh nudi cay cuu phdi vA tai sinh cay chi lai in-vitio
M:^; j ; ; » v : 5 i | ^ j i s ^ j ^ ^ / 8 d ^MM^^^
• U^i
id*
1 1 Cffli'Slti'*^'
Clu ihj CamsinMS
attbp
irtiv
H. fi s^':im\i-yMt$M-.9. i ^i&U^S^l
1 1 * . i 1 I t . - • . - W-*
-T 1
CiiilliiCimmnMI}
Hmh 6. Anh kit qui nhAn dang kilu gien cAy chi lai vA cAc gidng bd, me cua chiing
/, 3, 5, 7, 9,11 li kieu gien cua cic gidng bd; 2, 4, 6, 8,10,12 li kieu gien cua cic gidng me; a, b, c, d, e, fli kiiu gien cua cay lai giiia cic cip lii tuang ungli:
gidng PHI &Phuc Van Tidn; gidng Shan Chat Tiin
& Dai Bach Tri; gidng Trung Du & Khn Tuyen;
gidng PT95 & Assam; gidng Olong Thanh Tim &
Hung Dinh Bach; gidng Trung Qude li nhd x Sd 9;
• . ' li alen ehung (nhan tu bd vi me); >: la alen rieng (nhan tubdhoicme)
3. Chpn lpe ddng chi vl nAng suAt vA chAt lupng Trong sd cAc ddng cbl lai tir 49 td hpp lai da
thue hi|n, qua dAnh gia so bp cAc ehi tidu hinh thai trong giai doan cAy con (trong nhA ludi), 17 ddng chi tilm nAng da dupc lua ehpn dl dua vAo trdng va danh giA trong diiu ki|n san xuat.
Hinh 7. Anh cAy chi lai trong nhA ludi vA trudc khi dua ra nuong trdng
Sd lieu Hdn quan din nAng suat va chat lupng eua 17 ddng che mdt nAm tudi dupc sir dung lAm co sd d l dAnh giA vA chpn lpe ddng ehe trien vpng. Cae chi tidu nAng suat dupe su dung bao gdm: ehilu eao cay, dudng kinh gdc, sd cAnh cap I vA II, chilu dai bup vA khdi lupng blip; cAc ehi tidu vl chat lupng dupc su dung bao gdm hAm lupng: tanui, ehat hda tan va caffein. Gidng chi Trung Du dupc sir dung lAm gidng ddi chiing. Kit qua dAnh giA cac chi tidu nAng suat, chat lupng cua 17 ddng ehe tilm nang dupc thi hi|n d bang 3.
Vl nang suat, da sd cAc ddng cbl ed nhiing chi tidu vl: ehilu cao cAy, dudng kinh gdc, sd cAnh cap I vA II, chilu dAi bup vA khdi lupng blip eao hon so vdi gidng ddi chutng Tnmg Du. Kit qua dAnh giA eho thay 17 ddng ehi diu ed sure sinh trudng manh, giA tri trung binh eua eae ehi tidu diu vupt gidng ddi chiing ciing dp tudi. DAy dupc coi la bieu hi|n ciia uu thi lai mA phep lai dA dat dupe.
Trong sd cAc chi tidu chat lupng, hAm lupng tanin vA chat hda tan cua blip chi khdng nhiing quyet dinh din chat lupng ma edn IA tieu ehi dl xAc dinh lam nguyen lieu phii hpp eho ehi hiln loai che nAo. Trong khi dd, caffein trong ehi ed tAe dung kieh thich than kinh va xu hudng hidn nay la ban ehi tdi da hAm lupng caffein trong ehi. Nhu vay, mue tidu dAnh giA chpn lpe vl chat lupng cAc ddng cbl mdi bao gdm eai thidn ham lupng tanin vA chat hda tan ddng thdi giam thilu ham lupng caffein ti-ong IA ehe.
Kit qua trong bang 3 eho thay mpt sd ddng ehe ed ham lupng: tanm, chat hda tan eao hon gidng ddi ehimg Trung Du, trong khi dd hAm lupng caffein lai thap hon rat nhieu.
KHOA HOC CbNG NGHE
Qua k i t qua dAnh giA trdn trong sd 17 ddng che cAn cii vAo cac ehi tidu nAng suat vA chat luong, da chpn lpe dupc hai ddng che cd trien vpng dd la: ddng TKt- 6va PBt-2; cAc chi tidu nAng suat vA chat lupng (bang 3) eua cAc ddng ehe nAy vupt trdi so vdi gidng ddi chimg va cac ddng che cdn lai. DAy la hai ddng che dA t h i hidn dupe uu t h i lai ca v l nAng suat vA chat lupng ngay tir nhirng nAm dau tien va cd triin vpng phat triin khi dira vAo san xuat.
IV. KET LUAN
K i t hpp giiia cac phuong phAp lai tao truyin thdng vA ehpn gidng n h d ehi thi phAn tii da ehpn tao dupe cAe ddng che ed nAng suat va chat lupng cao vdi thdi gian ehpn tao dupc nit ngAn va da nAng eao dupe hieu quA cua cdng tae ehpn tao.
DA ehpn tao dupc hai ddng che TKt-6va PBt-2 tii hai td hpp lai tuong irng giiia cAc gidng Trung Du &
Kim Tuydn va P H I & BAt tien, cd tilm nAng nAng suat vA chat lupng eao, dang dupc tiip tuc phAt trien khi dua vao san xuat.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. Dd Ngpc Quy, Nguyin Kim Phong, 1997. Ciy che VietNam. NXB Ndng nghiep. Ha Npi.
2. Nguydn Van Thiep, Nguydn Thi Thu HA, Trinh Thi Kim My, La Tuan Nghla, 2010. Ket qui
budc diu nghien ciiu nudi cdy phdi che trong chpn tao gidng che mdi. Tap chi Ndng nghilp va PhAt trien ndng tiidn, 152 (11), 38-42.
3. Tran Diic Trung, La Tuan Nghla va es, 2009.
Nghien cuu da dang di truyen bing chi thi phan tti cic gidng che a Viet Nam. Tap ehi Ndng nghiep va PhAt trien ndng thdn, sd 3, tr. 9-12.
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APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR MARKER IN TEA BREEDING
La Tuan Nghia Summary
Tea {Camellia sinensis) is an important crop in the world as well as in Vietnam. Tea breeding had been generally based on the conventional methods which is facing the difficulty in efficientiy increasing tea breeding. Therefore, in this study, molecular marker technology has been applied to overcome the bmitations of the conventional breeding methods. The result was indicated that, application of molecular marker technology in tea breeding is shorting time and efficientiy increasing for tea breeding. Two new tea lines TKt-6and PBt-2viere selected having the high yield potential and good quality; they could be apply to tea producUvity in Vietnam.
Key words: Camellia sinensis, genetic diversity, microsatellite, NTSYSpc, parentage analysis, tea breeding.
Ngudi phan b i | n : GS.TSKH. Trdn Duy Quy
KHOA HOC CbNG N G H |
ri'
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
BAng 3. Kit qua dAnh giA mdt sd
Tdn ddng (gidng bdx gidng me)
PPv-3 (PHI x Phuc Van Tien) PPt-2 (PHlxPT95)
PtA-4 (PT95X Assam)
SDb-1 (Shan Chat Tidn x Dai Bach Tri) PTq-3 (PHI xTu Quy Xuan)
PSa-5 (PHI X Saemidori)
TKt-6 (TrungDuxKun Tuydn) THn-10 (Trung DuxHd Nam) PTr-7 (PHI X Triet Giang) PPh-3 {PHlxPhucAn) PBt-2 (PHlxBitTi&a)
OPh-3 (Olong Thanh Tam x PHI) Kt777-6 (Tiim Tuydn x TRI777) 0777-2 (O/or?^ 77;anA 7am AT 772/77^) 777Kt4 CrRI777xKim TuySn) KtBt-10 (Kin Tuydn x Bit Tien) 777Bt-3 (TRI777X Bit Tidn)
Trung Du (ddi chdng) LSD 0.5
chi tidu nAng suat, chat CAc chi tidu ch^t lupng
Tanin (V 31,82 31,00 30,78 30,80 30,56 30,00 34,09 30,26 26,17 30,32 32,73 30,30 30,90 31,50 28,60 30,90 30,50 32,66 1,20
Chat hda tan
(%) 42,15 43,72 42,62 46,47 43,87 40,54 48,07 45,89 45,02 43,08 47,07 46,20 44,20 42,70 43,10 44,60 42,80 45,00 1,23
Caffe m (V
0,11 0,13 0,12 1,42 1,45 0,12 1,70 0,12 1,76 1,40 1,20 1,10 0,64 0,27 1,00 0,64 1,31 3,00 0,12
upng cuacAc ddng chd tilm nang CAc chi tidu nAng su^t Cao
cAy (cm) 71,6 63,8 86,2 74,7 79,5 68,4 95,2 88,3 78,9 71,2 98,0 64,7 72,5 58,7 68,4 76,5 74,3 60,2 2,69
Dudng kinh
gdc (cm) 0,79 0,82 0,76 0,75 0,76 0,78 0,90 0,76 0,75 0,77 0,86 0.80 0,79 0,84 0,77 0,79 0,76 0,78 0,05
Sd eanh cap I (cinh)
4,12 4,31 4,70 3,94 3,80 3,90 5,67 3,92 3,34 4,67 5,29 3,42 3,67 4,34 4,20 3,78 4,22 2,00 0.31
Sd cAnh cap II (cinh) 3,70 3,42 3.21 3,14 3,00 3,21 4,62 2,86 2,16 3.10 4,54 3,50 2,48 3,71 3,12 2,69 3,08 2,00 0,14
Dai blip (cm) 4,32 4,35 4,65 4,74 4,68 4,32 5,24 4,72 4,34 4,65 5,02 4,40 3,94 3,81 4,05 4,52 4.27 4.28 0,21
Khdi lupng
bup (g/bdp)
0,69 0,70 0,68 0,73 0,76 0,71 0,87 0,79 0,73 0,66 0,82 0,68 0.67 0,64 0.76 0.66 0.73 0.67 0,02
