ISSN: 2354-0575
V^'
M 6 PHONG DIEU KHiEN DQNG CO BLDC TREN XE DIEN BANG PHAN MEM PROTEUS 8.0
Luyen Van Hieu, Vu Dinh Nam, Pham Van Kiem Trucmg Dgi hgc Supham Ky thugt Hung Yen Tom tat:
Bdi bdo trinh bdy thiit ke mgeh diiu khiin dpng eo BLDC lap trin xe diin, cd su dung phdn mim Proteus 8.0 di mdphdng hoat dpng cua dpng ca BLDC theo cde che dp dieu khien khdc nhau, lap trinh C tren phdn mim CodevisionAVR eho vi diiu khiin ddng AVR ATMegaS de diiu khiin dpng ca BLDC. Bdi bdo dua ra cdc kit qud hogt dpng cita dpng ca BLDC tuang img v&i cdc chi dp hogt dpng ciia xe di^n.
Tifkhoa: Diiu khien ddng coBLDC, Dieu khien xe diin.
L Dat van de
Vi nhimg dap img vg cong nghe sach ma hign nay xe dien dang ngay cang dugc sii dung nhiiu, no dac biet thich hgp cho di chuygn o cac dia diem du lich hay cae khu dan cu dong due. V6i nhu cau tim hieu xe dign ngay cang cao, mat khac do nguon tai lieu ve xe dien hien nay con dang han chg, dg dap ung cong viec giang day cua giao vign, cong viec hpc tap cua sinh vign nganh eo dien tir 6 to, tae gia da nghign ciiu va mo phong hoat dpng eiia dpng CO BLDC lip tren xe dien Su dung chuang trinh mo phong hoat dgng ciia dgng co BLDC bang
phan mem Proteus 8.0, chung ta c6 the tim hieu vg nguyen ly lam viee eua dpng ca BLDC tuong ung vai cac chg do digu khien khac nhau tren xe dien 2. Scr di diiu khien dpng co BLDC xe di§n
Nguyen ly hoat dgng ca ban eiia xe dien la tign, liii, phanh diing va thay doi toe dp.
Tuong ting voi nguygn ly hoat dpng eua xe dien chinh la su diiu khiin hoat dpng dpng co tren xe dien, dii voi xe dien su dung dpng eo BLDC ta CO sa do digu khien dgng ca BLDC nhu Hinh 1:
DONG CO BLDC
Hinh X.Sadd dieu khien ddng eo BLDC trin xe dien
Khoa hgc & Cdng nghe - So 4/2014 Journal of Science and Technology 55
Cau tao chung gom:
1 - Dgng CO BLDC vai 3 cugn day tren Statormie hinh sao.
2 - Cam biin hall (gin trongdgngco BLDC).
3 - Khii mach ciu cong suit, khii nay chiia cac transitor cong suit hay mosfet, dong dien mgt chiiu dugc cung cip cho khii nay, +DC la eye duong, G^j la eye am.
4 - Cac tin hieu digu khign:
ACCE (tin hieu ban dap chan ga) tin hieu miie ga tir 0 -^ 5V, ACCE se c6 miic ga thap nhit tuong ling V^^ = 0, mite ga cao nhit tucmg ling V^^
= V_^^,.
STOP (tin hieu khi dap phanh).
FWD/NEU/REV (tui hieu khi bat cong tic vi tri tiin, tning gian hay lui xe).
ON/OFF (tin hieu cong tac khoa dien ON bat, OFF tit).
5 - Khii vi diiu khien, khoi nay nh|n cac tin hieu (ACCE, STOP, ON/OFF, FWD/NEU/
REV, cam biin Hall) va xuit eac tin hieu (PWM, P W M l , . . . ) d g diiu khign khoi mach cau cong suat.
Nguyen ly hoat dong chung:
Khi nguin lai xe dg khoa dien OFF, nguon dien se khong dugc cung cap den khoi cau cong suat, khoi vi dieu khien, khi do dgng co ciing se khong CO dong dign va xe khong thg di chuygn dugc
Khi nguai lai xe bat khoa dien ON, he thong digu khien dugc cung cap dien va san sang cho dpng eo hoat dpng, nguai lai tac dong tang mirc ga tuong ling voi tin hieu ACCE tang dien ap, khi do khoi vi dieu khign nhan dugc sy thay doi nay se dieu khien cac tin hieu (PWM, PWMl,...) de dieu khien mach can cong suat, khi tigp diem trgn mach cau cong suat dong thi dong dien se cung cap cho dpng co, dpng ca BLDC se hoat dpng, miie ga ACCE tang tuong img se lam dgng co BLDC thay doi toe do.
Trong truong hop phanh ham xe, dg dam bao an toan eho dgng co dien khi phanh xe tuong irng co tin hieu STOP tac dpng dgn khoi vi dieu khign, digu khien khoi cau cong suat dg ngat dong dien cung cap cho dgng co dien, dam bao an toan cho dpng eo khi phanh xe
3. Ung dung phan mem Proteus 8.0 mo phong dieu khien ddng co BLDC
3.1. Xay dirng mach diiu khien b i n g p h i n mem Proteus 8.0
Budc I: Khoi dpng chuang trinh Start/ All Program/ ProteusS Professional
Sau do cua so chuong trinh se xuit hien (Hinh 2), tir Menu ta vao Library/Pick pats from libanes P de chpn lya cac linh kien dien tii (Hinh 3).
!S&
r». >r , ->..
Hinh 2. Giao dien phdn mim Proteus 8.0
Hinh 3 Giao dien lira chon cdc linh kiin dien tir phue vu thiit ki mgch Btfo'c 2: Thigt ke mach dieu khien va mach d6nglye
Sau khi co dugc cac linh kien dien tic ta tien hanh xay dung mach digu khign (Hinh 4) va mach dpng luc (Hinh 5).
3.2. Lap trinh C bang phSu m i m CodeVisionAVR cho ATMegaS diiu khign dpng ca BLDC
a. Luat dieu khien
Hoat dpng ciia mach dien tii nhu sau: Vi digu khign ATMegaS dugc sir dung nhu mpt counter, dimg dg digu khien dgng co dien BLDC quay theo chieu thuan, dung hay doi chieu voi cac tin hi?u dieu khign cEp cho chan PD5, PD3 hay PD4. Dpng CO dien BLDC co the thay doi t i e dp tir 0 d i n V ^ neu tin hieu dien ap cung cap eho chan PC5 thay doi tir 0 -^ 5V. Dong eo BLDC co t h i dimg niu co tin hieu cung cap eho chan PD2.
Ta CO luu do thuat toan digu khien dpng ca BLDC (Hinh 6).
b. Lap trinh dieu khien dpng ca di^n BLDC Dua trgn luu d i thuat toan Hinh 6, tac gia da su dung p h i n m i m CodeVisionAVR lap trinh C d i i u khiin cho Vi diiu khiin ATMegaS.
56 Khoa hoc & Cong nghf - S6 4/2014 Journal of Science and Technology
ISSN: 2354-0575
ON/OFF ,
• | l | l | l l l t l
i R35< R36< R37
- V v N A -
Hinh 4. i ' c (fd mue/; ificM khien dpng ca BLDC 3 pha
R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R1ff{26X.
Hinh 5. Sa do mgch ddng luc
Khoa hoc & Cong nghf - S6 4/2014 Journal of Science and Technology 57
c D
/PatcactMngsgbandguvacaccang /
[ Ttiiaijjt^-telWMtbeoAPC |
GiBthOng tmienh Aeo vi trfv^di^ukhi^ d6ng cO
Gid th5ng tm l@nh Iheo vi iri v^ diiu k h i ^ dOng o
Dang CO khOng ducc c ^ difin
Hinh 6. Luu do thugt todn dieu khiin dpng ca cho xe dien 3.3. Ket qua mo phong
Hinh 7. Khoa diin di chi do OFF, khdng co ddng Hinh 8. Khoa diin OFF. chdn ga tdng, khong cd dien, dpng ca diin khPng hoat dpng dong dien. dpng ca dien khdng hogt dpng
58 Khoa hoc & Cong nghe - S6 4/2014 Journal of Science and Technology
ISSN: 2354-0575
Ut44'-:
imi
Hinh 9. Dong ca khdng hogt ddng khi cdng tdc c chi dp trung gian
Hinh 10. Khoa dien ON, chdn ga tdng, phanh hogt dpng, khdngcd ddngdiin, dpng co khdng hoat dpng
. Khda diin ON, chdn ga di a mue thdp, Hinh 12. Khoa dien ON, chdn ga di a mire eao, ng ca diin hoat dpng vai vgn toe thdp dpng ca hoat dong vai van toe eao
. Ddng ca hogt dpng d chi dp bat cdng tae Hinh 14. Khda dien ON, chdn ga tdng, phanh k che dd tiin hogt dpng, dpng ca dien hogt dpng
Hinh 15- Ddng ca hogt dpng a che dp bat cdng tdc chi dp lui
Khi chay file mo phong dieu khien dgng CO BLDC cho xe dien, ta eo thg xem xet tryc quan hoat dgng cua dpng ca, thong qua do thi OSCILLOSCOPE ta co thi quan sal su thay dii dong dien cung cap cho dpng co dien BLDC tuong ling vai cac chg dp hoat dpng khac nhau tren xe dien.
Khi de chg do khoa dien OFF nguin tit (Hinh 7) hoae che dp khoa dien tit nhung dap chan ga (Hinh 8) hay dg chi dp cong tic trung gian (Hinh 9) thi dpng CO khong dugc cung cap dong dien, dpng CO khong boat dpng.
Khoa hoc & Cong nghf - So 4/2014 Journal of Science and Technology 59
Khi d i chi dp bat khoa dien, dap chan ga va Trgn Hinh 15 tnrong hgp bat khoa di?n ON, dap chan phanh (Hinh 10) thi dgng co dign khong bat cong tac c h i dp lui (REV), khong dap phanh thi dupe cung cip dong dien, dam bao an toan cho dpng co chay ngugc chiiu kim d i n g ho.
dpng CO dien.
Tren Hinh 11 va Hinh 12 quan sat ta thiy dp 4. K e t lu^n va thao luSn
rgng xung ciia dien ap c i p cang Ian thi t i e do dpng - Dua trgn file mo phong dieu khign boat CO cang Ion, phii hgp vai ly thuygt diiu khiin t i c dp dpng eiia dpng co BLDC lap cho xe dipn thi chung dong CO theo phuang phap diiu chinh dp rpng xung. ta co thg khao sat cac chg do hoat dgng khac nhau Tren Hinh 13 trucmg hop bat khoa dien ON, ciia dgng ca BLDC tuong ting vai cac chi dp hoat bat cong tic chi dp tiin (FWD), khong dap phanh dpng ciia xe dien.
thi dpng CO hoat dpng thuan chiiu kim d i n g h i . - Dua tren k i t qua mo phong diSu khiin Trgn Hinh 14 trucmg hgp bat khoa dien ON, dgng co BLDC tren phan m i m Protues_ 8,0 lam eo dap chan ga, khong dap phanh thi dong ca dien hoat sa de ta co the tign hanh che tao bg dieu khign va dpng vi duoc cung cap dong dien xay dyng mo hinh voi dpng ca BLDC cho xe dien, Tai lieu tham khao
[1]. W. Brown, "Brushless DC Motor Control Made Easy", Application Note AN857, 2002, Microchip Technology Inc.
[2]. Shop manual AVR1607, Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) Control in Sensor Mode using ATxmegal28Al andATAVRMC323 ofAtmel Group.
[3]. Khuong Cong Mmh, Gido trinh truyen dpng diin tu dpng.
[4]. Nguyen Due Hung, Nghiin cuu he truyen dpng dien diing dgng ca khdng ehoi than, LuSn van Thac sT Ky thuat, Truong Dai hoc Ky thuat Cong nghiep Thai Nguyen.
[5]. Phan mem Proteus 8.0, hang Labeenter.
[6]. Phan mgm CodevisionAVR, hang HP InforTech.
[7]. Phfim Van At, Ky thugt lap trinh C cosd vd nang cao, NXB Giao thong van tai.
SIMULATION T O C O N T R O L BRUSHLESS D I R E C T C U R R E N T M O T O R ON E L E C T R I C V E H I C L E BY P R O G R A M P R O T E U S 8.0 Abstract:
This paper presents designing the circuit to control brushless direct current motor for electric vehicle, using program Proteus 8.0 to simulate the BLDC motor with different conditions, programing C on AVR ATMega 8 chip to control the BLDC motor by CodevisionAVR software. The paper also presents results with different diagrams of the BLDC motor as conditions.
Keywords: Control BLDC motor, control electric vehicle.
NgirM phan bifn: GS.TS. P h a m Minh T u i n , TS. Dinh Ngoc An
