M A N G S A N X U A T T O A N C A U : N H l f N G N H A N T O
T A G D O N G , V A V A N D E 0 K H U V U C
1. N h u f n g n h a n t o t a c d o n g d e n sU h i n h t h a n h v a p h a t t r i e n c u a m a n g s a n x u a t t o a n c a u
Co the co n h i e u n h a n to tac dong den sU h i n h t h a n h va phat t r i e n cua mang san x u a t toan cau h i e n nay.
Trong p h a n nay chung t d i x i n t r i n h bay mot sd' n h a n to sau day:
Toan cau hoa va tac dong cua no tdi mang san xuat
Toan cau hoa k i n h te dien ra nhanh chdng vao cuo'i the k y X X dau the k y X X I , gan vdi cac qua t r i n h t u do hoa k i n h te n h u t u do hoa thUdng mai, t u do hoa dong von, t u do hoa chmh sach F D I va t u nhan hoa. Mac du cd nhQng hieu ung l'ieng, cac qua t r i n h t u do hoa nay gan vdi nhau va thuc day lan nhau. T u do hoa thu'dng m a i keo theo F D I , dan den tang ap luc t u do hoa t h i trUdng vd'n, buoc cac nude t u do hoa t a i khoan von. Dong thdi, dieu nay dan den t u do hoa chinh sach F D I va t u nhan hoa.
Ngu'dc lai, sU ldn m a n h cua k h u vUc t u nhan va chinh sach F D I hap dan tao hieu ung t h u h u t dong vd'n nUdc ngoai, tao cong an viec lam, thuc day site mua trong nude va nhd do thuc day hdn nQa dong thu'dng mai va dau t u .
T u do hoa h a n g loat t r e n dien rong cac nUdc da dan den toan cau hoa
TS. Nguyen Xuan Kien Dai hoc Kinh te'Quoc dan kinh te nhanh chdng, ma ve ban chat
l a cat giam cac rao can, thuc day lien ket k i n h te t o a n cau. ThUdng m a i qudc te b u n g no n h a n h chdng vdi td'c do t a n g trUdng ba l a n ve k i n h te va td'ng k i m ngach thUdng m a i toan cau t a n g 28 l a n t h d i k y 1950-20061.
Trong x u the gia tang thUdng m a i qudc te, thUdng m a i b a n t h a n h pham tang n h a n h hdn thUdng m a i t h a n h pham2, dieu do cho thay sU chuyen mdn hoa dUdc gia t a n g va sU phan tach chuoi gia t r i t r d t h a n h mot yeu td' dac trUng cho l i e n ket toan cau. Su t h a y doi t r o n g nen k i n h te toan cau dien ra d quy md rong ldn va nhanh.
Ngay nay, ngay ca thuc pham tUdi song ciing cd md h i n h san xuat va thUdng m a i phuc tap, nang dong ve mat dia ly. R a u qua, ca va t h i t dUdc nudi t r o n g va che bien t r e n khap the gidi r o i dUdc chuyen ve tieu dung d M y va Chau A u . NhQng s\i thay doi nay la lUc h u t cho sU xuat hien cac chuoi gia t r i va mang san xuat toan cau.
Sit phat trien cua cong nghe thong tin
M o t yeu td' d i n dat quan trong dd'i vdi mang san xuat toan cau la su phat t r i e n va t r u y e n ba n h a n h chdng cong nghe thdng t i n lien lac. N h u n g cong
nghe nay co tac dong kep, l a m tang n h u cau va tao cd hoi mdi cho toan cau hoa. M o t mat, chi p h i va r u i ro cua phat t r i e n cong nghe thdng t i n (IT) doi hoi sU md rong tUdng ting quy md san pham va ldi nhuan. K h o n g cd t h i trUdng noi dia nao, ke ca t h i trUdng M y du l d n de k h a u hao cac chi p h i nghien cd£u can t h i e t t r o n g t h d i h a n nhat dinh. M a t khac, x u hudng phat trien gan day tap t r u n g vao san xuat qudc te hdn la xuat k h a u . Tarn quan trong dac biet d day thuoc ve I T , l a m tang dang ke t i n h d i bien, ttic tang kha nang tach r d i va di chuyen cac nguon lUc va nang luc rieng cua cong ty qua bien gidi, tao cd hoi ldn hdn cho cac moi lien ket qua bien gidi. Dieu nay l a m giam sU each biet ve t h d i gian va khong gian, xet t i t goc do t h i trUdng, l a n san xuat. M o t cong t y h i e n nay cd the phuc v u cac t h i trUdng xa xdi n h u dia phUOng d r a t xa cong ty, cong ty cung cd the tach r d i va phan bo chuoi gia t r i qua bien gidi de lUa chon nhflng v i t r i cho chi p h i tot nhat.
Cac cd hoi tach r d i va lien ket cac cong doan san x u a t khac n h a u t r o n g mot chuoi gia t r i dUdc thUc hien t h u a n ldi c h i n h la nhd sU phat t r i e n cua I T , cua viec phd' cap hoa cac t i e u chuan cong nghiep va cac he thdng t r u y e n t a i sd lieu quy md toan cau.
H i e n nay, I T dUdc ap dung vao r a t nhieu mat k h a u hoat dong cua qua t r i n h k i n h doanh. I T cd k h a nang thuc day ca viec phan tach va t a i p h a n bo cong viec, l a n t a i lien ket n h f i n g cau phan da dUdc phan tach do t h a n h mot the thdng nhat d k h a u cudi
cung. Bdi v i cd n h i e u cong t y thuc hien i l n g d u n g I T , nen cd the chuan hoa t r o n g viec thuc day chia se thong t i n va l i e n ket he thdng. Viec gdi gon cac dong tac cong viec vao nhnlng module dUdc chuan hoa da. tao r a sU de dang dich chuyen cong viec ve m a t dia l y , bdi no l a m giam n h u cau trao dd'i k i e n thiic dang an, t r a n h bdt dUdc v a n de dao tao va dau t u can thiet.
H i e n nay, viec module hoa da t r d nen dac biet phd' bien t r o n g che tao va dang dUdc ap dung vdi toe do cao hdn nhieu t r o n g k h u vUc dich vu , nhd n h f j n g b a i hoc tu" k h u vUc che tao. Cac qua t r i n h nay cho phep cong t y chuyen mot p h a n cong viec ra ngoai cong t y theo cd che thue r a ben ngoai.
Quy md thue r a ben ngoai qudc te dang gia t a n g m a n h va con m a n h hdn trong nhQng n a m t d i .
Ve b a n chat, I T thuc day sU phat t r i e n cua cac he t h d n g san xuat gon hdn, t i e t k i e m hdn va n h a n h nhen hdn de cd the vUdt qua dUdc bien gidi cong t y va qudc gia. T a m n h i n nen tang la mot mang l u d i cong t y cd the tao ra mot mang san x u a t toan cau de phan l i n g n h a n h v d i cac t i n h hudng hay thay dd'i, t h a m chi p h a n ldn cua chuoi b i tach r d i ve m a t dia ly.
T u y nhien, nhQng t i e n bd ve I T cd the khong dong gdp cho sU phat trien cua lien ket k i n h te qudc te n h a n h n h u hien nay, neu chi p h i t r u y e n t a i so' lieu qua dat do, k h i e n cho chi cd i t cong t y cd k h a nang t h a n h toan. ThUc te, chi p h i thap t d i mu"c r a t nhieu cong ty cd the t h a n h toan va nang liic cao hdn trong mang ludi lien lac toan cau da la
mot yeu to quan trong dUa tien bo I T vao thuc day hen ket k i n h te toan cau.
Viec xay dung n h i e u mang ludi truyen tai so lieu qudc te dudi thdi bong bong
".com", cung n h u no luc m a n h me cua cac nUdc n h u T r u n g Qudc va A n Do nham cai thien cd sd ha tang trong nUdc va lien lac vdi qudc te, da dong gdp l a m giam dang ke va nhanh chdng chi p h i ket noi n h a n cong va nang luc cong nghiep d cac nUdc dang phat trien.
Dieu nay l a m tang cd hoi tiep can vdi nguon lao dong to ldn, chi p h i thap va cd du k y nang, hien cd san trong nen k i n h te toan cau.
Thay doi pham vi va phxldng thiic canh tranh
T u do hoa ket hdp v d i thay dd'i ve cong nghe t h d n g t i n da. l a m thay doi dong t h a i canh t r a n h , dac biet p h a m v i dia l y t r o n g canh t r a n h t r d nen rong hdn va t i n h phtic tap t r o n g yeu cau ve canh t r a n h t a n g len, k h i e n cho canh t r a n h chuyen tu: cap do gitia cac cong ty, sang cap do gitia cac mang san xuat vdi n h a u .
Canh tranh dich chuyen tit quy md noi dia sang quy md quoc te: H i e u ting tong the cua qua t r i n h t u do hoa k i n h te noi tren, xet t t i goc do qudc te, la mot sU cat giam cac hang rao xuyen bien gidi, ma thuc chat la mot t i e n t r i n h toan cau hoa k i n h te. T r o n g qua t r i n h toan cau hoa k i n h te nay, cac cong ty cd cd hoi tiep can vdi cac nguon luc va nang luc tot hdn vdi chi p h i re hdn, giam du'dc cac h a n che cua sU tach biet ve mat dia l y va cd cd hoi chinh phuc du'dc t h i trUdng d quy md ldn hdn. Viec c h i n h phuc t h i trUdng d
p h a m v i l d n hdn. chuyen t t i quy md noi dia sang quy md qudc te khong chi la mot sU l u a chon m a con la mot sU can thiet, mot yeu to' m a n g t i n h bat budc dd'i v d i mot cong t y l d n m u d n t o n t a i va p h a t t r i e n . M o t mat, chi p h i cong nghe ke ca cong nghe san xuat, l a n cong nghe t h d n g t i n ap dung cho cong t y ldn, t r o n g k h i do chu k y cong nghe l a i dang b i r t i t xud'ng ngan hdn, da budc cac cong t y p h a i t a n dung ldi the k i n h te quy m d de n h a n h chdng t h u hoi dau t u cho cong nghe. Dieu nay budc cac cong t y p h a i cd t h i trUdng l d n h d n va quy md cua mot nen k i n h te n o i dia n h i e u k h i t r d nen qua nhd dd'i v d i viec t h u h o i dau t u cong nghe cho mot cong ty. V i du, dd'i vdi mot so' cong t y x u a t x t i t t i cac nen k i n h te quy md nhd d Bac A u n h u Netsle, t h i trUdng nUdc ngoai chie'm t y le chi phd'i t r o n g doanh sd' ban. M a t khac, qua t r i n h t u do hoa k h i e n cho cac rao can tiep can t h i trUdng noi dia giam xud'ng, do vay cd h o i tiep can t t i ben ngoai t a n g l e n va se keo theo ap lUc canh t r a n h gia t a n g k h i ngUdi tieu dung cd cd h o i l u a chon l d n hdn. He qua la cuoc chien t h u h u t ngUdi tieu dting hay t r a n h gianh t h i trUdng k h o n g con h a n che gitia cac chu the san x u a t t r o n g noi dia cua mot nUdc m a t r d t h a n h cuoc canh t r a n h gitia cac chu the k i n h te t r e n khap the gidi.
Canh tranh dich chuyen tit cap do gitia cac doanh nghiep sang cap do gixla cac mang san xuat vdi nhau: Cung vdi viec dich chuyen canh t r a n h t t i pham v i noi dia sang pham v i qudc te, mtic do khd khan va t i n h xao cua canh
t r a n h cung tang len. M o t mat, cac t h i phan d i n h a n biet ve cO ban da dUdc lap day. L d i d i con l a i trUdc k h i true tiep tien vao dong chay chinh cua t h i trUdng the gidi la t i m k i e m t h i trUdng ngach thich hdp va tang trUdng vdi t h i trUdng ngach do de n h a n h chdng thoat khdi no. Viec t i m k i e m va phat t r i e n t h i trUdng nay cung doi hoi cac cong t y dau t u no lUc va chi p h i ldn hOn cho nghien ctiu t h i trUdng. M a t khac, ngUdi tieu dung tren the gidi da. thay dd'i, mudh san pham khong chi re ma con chat lUdng cao, dich v u tot. Dieu nay budc cac cong t y t h a m gia vao mot t r d choi chien lUdc phtic tap de han che sU vUdt len cua dd'i t h u canh t r a n h . Cac nganh ham lifting kien thiic cao n h u dien t t i la nhting v i du rat dien h i n h . Canh t r a n h ve gia ca can dUdc ket hdp vdi sU khac biet ve san pham va dich v u khach hang, trong bd'i canh cuoc chien ve gia lam xdi mdn ldi n h u a n bien.
De chien t h a n g t r o n g canh t r a n h , dieu quan t r o n g la k i e m soat dUdc td'c do den t h i trUdng, ma c h u yeu la dua dUdc san p h a m dung chung loai t d i phan doan t h i trUdng cd khach hang ldn nhat, vao dung t h d i diem, de cd the t i m k i e m l d i n h u a n l d n hdn. M u o n cd the la t a i hoa va dan doanh nghiep den pha san. Dieu nay cho thay, t i n h bat on va sU t h i e u on d i n h cua v i t r i
dting dau t h i trUdng da dUdc t h i e t lap.
Su phtic tap tang len nay l a m t h a y doi cac yeu to quyet d i n h to chtic va sU tang trUdng cua mot cong ty. K h o n g mot cong t y nao, t h a m chi ca cong t y dting dau t h i trUdng cd the tao ra cac nang l i f t ben trong khac nhau can
t h i e t de dd'i phd v d i n h t i n g yeu cau canh t r a n h . Su t h a n h cong t r o n g canh t r a n h p h u thuoc vao k h a nang lua chon cac nang luc dac biet ben ngoai de t a n g cUdng nang lUc cho cong ty.
Do la n h t i n g nang luc bao gom t i t t h i e t ke t i n h xao lap rap cho den lap rap. D i e u nay doi hoi mot sU dich chuyen t t i ddn le sang h i n h t h a i tap the ve to' chtic, t t i h i n h t h a i da t h t i bac cua cong t y da qudc gia, sang h i n h t h a i mang san x u a t toan cau. V i du, dien t t i l a n g a n h t i e n phong theo dudi h i n h t h a i to' chtic m d i nay.
Nhting diem de cap d tren budc cac cong t y tap t r u n g vao cac hoat dong chu chd't, ket hdp vdi t i m kiem nguon hd t r d ben ngoai cho cac hoat dong i t chu chd't hdn. Dong thdi, trong qua t r i n h t u do hoa va toan cau hoa k i n h te, nhting ngUdi dUdc ldi chu yeu la cac cong ty toan cau. T u do hoa cung cap cho ho sU tiep can tot hdn tdi nguon luc va nang lUc ben ngoai ma cong ty toan cau can de bd trd cho cac nang lUc cot ldi cua ho.
Cac cong ty toan cau tien hanh viec tan dung cac nguon lUc ben ngoai bang each thiet lap cac chuoi cung ting, bao gom cac cong t y cd du nang lUc dap ting yeu cau cua ho ve mat k y thuat vdi chi p h i thap nhat. Theo nghia do, mang san xuat toan cau xuat hien va canh tranh gitia cac cong t y toan cau bien thanh canh t r a n h gitia cac cong t y dung dau trong cac mang san xuat va ve ban chat la canh t r a n h gitia cac mang san xuat.
Thay doi to chile san xuat trong doanh nghiep
V d i viec canh t r a n h chuyen dich den quy md qudc te va dien ra chu yeu
gitia cac m a n g san x u a t v d i nhau, b a n chat cua canh t r a n h da. t h a y doi dang ke, t r d nen t i n h v i hdn, k h d k h a n hon, budc cong t y p h a i t r d nen l i n h hoat hdn, p h a n ting n h a n h hdn. De p h a n ting n h a n h va l i n h hoat, cac cong t y p h a i thuc h i e n n h i e u t h a y doi ve m a t td chtic. Cd the lUu y cac x u hudng t h a y ddi c h i n h sau day:
Phdng hod cd cau to chiic: Cac doanh nghiep chuyen ddi t t i cd cau doc theo phdng ddn chile nang, p h a n cap t r e n xud'ng va cong k e n h sang cd cau ngang, p h a n g va gon theo b a n da chile nang.
Giam quy md va tang dp tinh thong tay nghe cua doi ngu lao dong: doi n g u lao dong cd the k h o n g l d n ve sd' lUdng song p h a i t i n h thdng va da nang, v i ddn g i a n ho la yeu to' tao nen thUdng h i e u va stic c a n h t r a n h cho doanh nghiep, v i d u cat giam quy md, t r i n h do lUc lu'dng lao dong cao hOn.
Trong mdi trUdng canh t r a n h ngay nay, mot cong t y t h a n h dat cd cac dac trUng nhu: toan cau, phang, gom cac nhom l a m viec t r i n h do cao, dinh hudng khac biet, tao ra hang hoa va dich v u chat lu'dng cao, tao ra t h i trUdng thich hdp, y thtic ve chi p h i va chat lUdng dong bo, phan ting n h a n h nhay, quan t a m den td'c do, ddi mdi nhanh, dUa vao doi ngu n h a n vien dUdc dao tao tot va l i n h hoat, p h u thuoc vao mang ludi nang luc va cong tac, chien lUdc, thuc tien va cd cau hen tuc tien trien, tap trung vao khach hang, quan t a m den dao dtic va mdi trUdng, quan t a m den quan ly sU da dang, t h a m gia vao he thd'ng sap nhap va mua l a i .
2. V a n d e d k h u v\ic v a k h a n a n g t h a m g i a c u a V i e t N a m
Khu vUc Chau A, dac biet la khu vtic
Dong A , la mot k h u vUc k i n h te nang dong bac nhat t r e n the gidi, vdi cac nen k i n h te cd stic canh t r a n h cao, bao gom N h a t Ban, H a n Qudc, D a i Loan, T r u n g Qudc va cac nUdc A S E A N . Trong nhting n a m qua, cac nUdc Dong A da cd sU gia tang m a n h me cac hoat dong thUdng m a i va dau t u va mdi quan he gitia cac nen k i n h te cua k h u vi^c dang t r d nen k h a n g k h i t hdn.
Quan he k i n h te gitia cac nUdc Dong A ve thuc chat khong p h a i chi la quan he ben t r o n g gitia cac nUdc Dong A, ma con l i e n q u a n den n h i e u nen k i n h te toan cau. T r e n thuc te, ngUdi ta khong the tach bach dUdc quan he thUdng m a i gitia cac nUdc va Hongkong k h i m a cac cong t y cua Hongkong l a i la cac cong t y M y va Chau A u cd cd p h a n va dia diem cudi cung cua h a n g hda do cac cong t y d Hongkong nay thuc h i e n la cac nUdc Chau A u va M y . N e n k i n h te Dong A ve thuc chat la nen k i n h te toan cau va m d i l i e n k e t k i n h te gitia cac nUdc cua k h u vUc la l i e n k e t toan cau. H d n the ntia, n h i e u cong t y cua k h u vUc Chau A , hoac cac t r u n g gian thUdng m a i Chau A dang thUc h i e n che do thue ngoai cua cac cong t y M y va cac cong t y Chau A u , v i vay ngUdi ta k h d cd the bde tach cac quan he cua cac nUdc t h a n h quan he k h u vue hay quan he toan cau, hoac k h i thao l u a n quan he thu'dng m a i cua k h u vUc cung
chi la mot su" t r t i u tUdng hoa cac quan he toan cau.
T i e n t r i n h h o i nhap k i n h te cua k h u vUc Chau A , dac biet la Dong A dang cd n h t i n g budc t i e n dang ke va k h u vUc nay dang t i e n dan den mot cong dong Dong A ve k i n h te. N h i e u hiep d i n h thUdng m a i , dau t u song phUdng va da phUOng griia cac nUdc trong k h u vUc da dUdc h i n h t h a n h va dang md rong, htia hen mot m d i trUdng k i n h doanh t u do hdn, thdng thoang hdn va md rong hdn cho cac mang san x u a t k h u vUc va toan cau h i n h t h a n h va phat t r i e n . N h t i n g x u the hoi nhap k h u vUc dUdc the h i e n d nhting diem c h i n h sau:
Thii nhat, A S E A N se thuc h i e n Cong dong K i n h te A S E A N vao n a m 2015, bao gom ca viec t h a n h lap T h i trUdng chung A S E A N va cac cd sd san xuat bao gom: (1) T u do cua hang hoa;
(2) M i e n p h i lUu t h d n g dich v u ; (3) T u do dong vd'n dau tU; (4) T u do lUu chuyen vd'n; va (5) T u do d i chuyen cua lao dong cd tay nghe. A F T A cung la mot k h u thUdng m a i t u do da phUdng bao gom 10 nUdc A S E A N se dUdc thuc hien t i c h cUc hdn. T i e n t r i n h thdng n h a t hda k h u vUc A S E A N cung da bat dau dUdc thuc hien.
A S E A N 6 (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore va T h a i L a n ) da cat giam thue xud'ng 0%
ddi vdi 75,7% cac dong thue, va giam 0% dd'i vdi 99,4% dong thue vao n a m 2010. N h t i n g t h a n h vien mdi (Campuchia, Lao, M y a n m a r va Viet Nam) cung da giam thue xud'ng 0%
dd'i vdi 16,5% cac dong thue, va se
giam xud'ng bang 0% dd'i vdi 98,2% so' dong thue vao n a m 2015.
A S E A N cd ke hoach t r i e n k h a i he thdng mot ctia A S E A N du'dc goi la Single W i n d o w System ap dung cho cac hoat dong thUdng m a i t r o n g noi khdi. He thd'ng nay la mot the thdng n h a t ma thdng t i n va dti lieu chi can dUdc dUa vao mot ctia va mot cd quan r a quye't d i n h t h d n g qua sU hdp tac chat che gitia cac Bo, t r o n g do cd lien quan t r o n g quy t r i n h t h u tuc h a i quan. He thd'ng nay dUdc thuc hien t a i B r u n e i , Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore va T h a i L a n vao n a m 2008, va t a i Campuchia, Lao, M y a n m a r va V i e t N a m vao n a m 2012. N h a t B a n cung dang xem xet de lien ket cac he thd'ng thdng quan cua N h a t vdi cac nUdc A S E A N thdng qua he thd'ng mot ctia.
Thit hai, r a t n h i e u hiep d i n h thUdng m a i song phUdng F T A dang
9 r, * phat t r i e n m a n h d D o n g A hudng vao A S E A N . Cac F T A dau t i e n lien quan den A S E A N la F T A A S E A N - T r u n g Qudc dUdc thuc t h i vao t h a n g 7 n a m 2005, cat giam thue quan xud'ng 0%
cham n h a t vao t h a n g 1 n a m 2010 ddi vdi A S E A N 6 va T r u n g Qudc, va t h a n g 1 n a m 2015 cho cac t h a n h vien mdi. TUdng t t i , F T A A S E A N - H a n Qudc da dUdc bat dau thuc t h i vao t h a n g 6 n a m 2007.
Thii ba, N h a t B a n da thuc t h i cac thda t h u a n hdp tac k i n h te song phUdng (EPA) vdi Singapore (2002), Malaysia (2006), va T h a i L a n (2007), ve cd ban ket l u a n cac thda t h u a n vdi Philippines va Indonesia, va da dam
phan vdi V i e t N a m . N h a t B a n da dam phan mot E P A da phUdng vdi toan bo A S E A N . Thdng qua n h t i n g thda t h u a n hdp tac song phUOng va da phUdng EPAS, N h a t B a n d u d i n h se cai t h i e n m d i trUdng k i n h doanh cua A S E A N , cu the l a viec giam cac c h i p h i dich v u t h i e t lap cac mang san xuat - k i n h doanh.
Thii tit, Campuchia, Lao va V i e t N a m cung dang t i c h cUc h o i nhap vao nen k i n h te toan cau. V i e t N a m t r d t h a n h t h a n h v i e n cua W T O vao n a m 2007. T a i k h u vUc ba nUdc nay, N g a n hang Phat t r i e n Chau A dang k h d i dong D u an song M e k o n g md rong, ma t r u cot c h i n h cua d u an nay la viec van chuyen qua bien gidi. Theo noi
dung cua d u an nay, viec v a n chuyen hang hoa qua bien gidi cua cac nUdc se dUdc thUc h i e n qua che do mot l a n k i e m t r a h a i quan. Ben canh do, D u an h a n h l a n g k i n h te Dong Tay cung dang dUdc cac nUdc D o n g DUdng va T r u n g Qudc tich cUc thuc hien n h a m k h a i thdng luong giao lUu hang hoa grfla T r u n g Qudc va cac nUdc.
Thii nam, A n Do se dUdc t i c h cUc hoi nhap vao k h u vUc Dong A . T i e n t r i n h hoi nhap cua A n do vao Dong A se dUdc thUc h i e n qua qua t r i n h vUdn len cua cac doanh nghiep A n Do, t u y nhien cac cdng t y x u y e n qudc gia cua N h a t Ban se dong mot v a i t r d quan trong. A n Do va N h a t B a n bat dau dam phan EPA vao t h a n g 1 n a m
2007, va h a i nUdc da tiep tuc cuoc dam p h a n chuyen sau va h y vong k h i E P A giOta N h a t B a n va A n Do t h a n h cdng, mot k e n h giao lUu k i n h te quan t r o n g giuta A n Do va k h u vUc Dong A se dUdc h i n h t h a n h va v i vay V i e t N a m cung cd the dUdc hudng l d i tti qua t r i n h nay.
Ro rang, t i e n t r i n h h o i nhap k i n h te toan cau dang dUdc dien r a v d i nhip do cao t r o n g p h a m v i k h u vUc va day la cd h o i cho cac nen k i n h te lien ket chat che v d i n h a u . V d i x u the lien ket k i n h te cua cac nUdc t r o n g k h u vUc, n h a t la t r i e n vong p h a t t r i e n Cdng dong D o n g A , t i e n t r i n h md rong quan he cua A S E A N + , A P E C , TPP va sU chu t r o n g m a n h h d n cua M y den k h u vUc Chau A , D o n g N a m A , cung n h u viec cac nUdc C h a u A u t i e n ve Chau A, chung t d i cho r i n g , h o i nhap va mang san x u a t cua k h u vUc se dUdc phat t r i e n va md rong, la dieu kien het siic quan t r o n g de V i e t N a m tich cUc t h a m gia v i l d i ich va muc t i e u phat t r i e n cua m i n h •
(Bai viet cho De tai KX.01.20/06-10) Chu thich:
1. WTO (2008), World Trade Report 2008.
2. Xem Yeats, A. (2001), "How big is global production sharing?" in Arndt, S. and H.
Kierzkowski, 2001.
