D A N H G I A KET QUA KHAO S A T C H A N OE G I A N KHOAN TAI MO BACH H(3 KS. Dang The Phuang, KS. Dao Van Minh, KS. Mai Dire Toan
Vien NCKH- TKDau khi bien • XNLD Vietsovpetro
TOM TAT
(:::,dng tac khao sat chan de gian khoan vdi muc dich de nhan va duy tri chdng chi eua dang kiem qudc te da dugc thue hien tai XNLD Vietsovpetro tunam 1993 tOi nay. Hien nay da ed 10 gian khoan khai thae ed dinh dang I^SP va 9 gian nhe dang BK va cac gian edng nghe khae da dugc cap chirng ehi phii hgp ciia dang kiem qudc te cho toan bd phan chan de va dam chiu luc. Chinh vi vay, cdng tae khao sat chan de phue vu eho edng tae chdng ehi da dugc tien hanh hang nam eho phan chan de nam trong khi quyen va 2 nam/lan cho phan ngap nude theo quy dinh chung ciia cdng tac dang kiem.
Bao cao nay danh gia mdt sd ket qua khao sat chan de cac edng trinh bien trong thdi gian qua tai mo Bach Ho.
GIOl THIEU
Hien nay XNLD Vietsovpetro dang tien hanh khai thae d i u khi tren viing md Bach Ho va Rdng tai them luc phia Nam Viet Nam. Hien ed 10 gian khoan tham dd khai thae cd djnh (dang MSP) la eae gian MSP - i , 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10,11 va RP - 1 va 9 gian nhe khai thac (dang BK) la cac gian BK - 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 va RC - 1 va cac gian cdng nghe (CTP, WIP, CCP) da ed chdng chi phu hgp eiia dang kiem qudc te va cue Oang kiem Viet Nam cho toan bd phan chan de, rieng hai gian: gian nen khf Idn (CCP) va gian ep via (WIP) da duge c i p chdng ehi ciia dang kiem qudc te eho toan bg gian.
Theo quy dinh cua cac ed quan dang kiem qudc te, thdi han cd gia trj ciia chdng ehi la 5 nam, nhung de duy tri chdng ehi hay de chdng ehi ed gia trj, eae hang dang kiem deu quy djnh phin edng trinh nam tren khi quyen phai tien hanh khao sat hang nam va phin cdng trinh nim dudi nude phai khao sat 2 nam mot lin. Ndi dung va khdi lugng edng viee c i n khao sat tuan theo quy djnh ciia dang kiem qudc te. Chfnh vi vay, cdng tae khao sat chan de tai md Bach Hd va Rdng da duge tien hanh theo thda thuan vdi ca quan dang kiem qudc te.
KHAO S A T PHAN KHI QUYEN
Cdng tac khao sat phan khf quyen cho t i t ca cac cdng trinh tren da dugc thyc hien day du, diing thdi han theo quy dinh mdi nam mdt lin, dugc tien hanh bdi Ban khao sat edng trinh bien ciia Xi nghiep xay l i p edng trinh bien thuge XNLD Vietsovpetro. Ndi dung bao gdm cac cdng viee khao sat sau:
Khao sat tryc quan tdng the (GVI) Khao sat tryc quan chi tiet Khao sat tryc quan ky ludng
Khao sat khuyet tat bang phuang phap khdng pha hiiy Khao sat va do do day, do bam dinh eiia son phii Oo do day edn lai ciia thep
Do do nghieng, khoang tinh khdng eua gian
Ket qua khao sat trye quan tdng the toan bg chan de cae gian eho ta thay mdt sd nhan xet chung nhu sau:
• Tren t i t ea eae gian khoan deu khdng cd sy bie'n dang, khdng thay ddi kich thudc, dieu dd chung td ring eae gian deu dugc thiet ke tdt, da tinh toan d i y dii mgi tac nhan tae ddng len gian, do dd khdng phat hien cae bien dang cung nhu khuyet tat khae, eho de'n thdi diem hien nay chua phat hien thiy cac khuyet tat dang nUt do qua tai hay mdi.
• Cae ket qua khao sat tu trudc nam 1995 deu eho thay phin chan de nam trong viing nude ban (cao han thiiy trieu), xung quanh vj tri mat ngang 02 ciia MSP (tU -2m cho de'n +3m td 02) va 04 eua BK bj an mdn manh nhat, son phii da bj pha hiiy gan nhu 100% be mat, an mdn khdng deu tao ra cac Idi Idm tren be mat, Idp ri san pham an mdn phii d i y ed chd len den 4 - 5mm. Nhung cac ket qua khao sat hien nay 1998 -1999 da eho thiy hiu het chan de eae gian khoan tai viing nay da duge son phii chdng an mdn tdt bang loai son phii epoxy hay polyester.
• Cac ket qua khao sat tU trudc nam 1995 deu cho thiy phin chan de nam trong viing khf quyen bj an mdn manh, Idp son phii bi pha hiiy tU 50% den 100%. Be mat thep bj an mdn khdng deu, Idi Idm, Idp ri san pham cd chd day 2 - 3mm. Nhung eae ket qua khao sat hien nay 1998 -1999 da cho thay hiu het chan de cac gian khoan tai vung nay da duge son phii chdng an mdn tdt bang loai son phu epoxy hay polyester.
Khao sat true quan chi tiet cac khuyet tat cho t i t ca cac gian tren eho ta eae ket qua ehinh nhu sau (Bang 2):
• Tdng sd khuyet tat phat hien duge tren t i t ca eae gian cho den nam 1998 la 390 khuyet tat, trong dd khuyet tat tim duge trong nam 1998 chi ed 45 khuyet tat, edn lai 345 khuyet tat la cac khuyet tat cu da phat hien trong nhung nam trudc. Nhd vay sd khuyet tat trong nam 1998 da tang len 11,3% so vdi nhdng nam trudc.
• Dang khuyet tat phat hien duge tU trudc den nay ehii yeu la hu hdng ea hgc (xude, mop. Id thiing) chiem 71,28%.
• Dang khuyet tat nguy hiem nhat la vet ndt cd 7 vet, chiem 1,79%. Tat ca cac vet ndt deu khdng phai do mdi ma deu do va cham ca hgc.
• Bang 1 thdng ke sd lugng khuyet tat da phat hien tu trudc den nam 1998 eho t i t ca eae gian khoan.
Khao sat tryc quan ky ludng (CVI) cae md'i han sau khi eao sach gi, son, tien hanh phun eat den do sach: Sa 2,5, ket hgp vdi phuang phap kiem tra khdng pha hiiy bang thiet bj MPI, thiet bj sieu am da dugc tien hanh cho t i t ea cac gian tren cac nut duge chgn la eae nut chju tai trgng Idn va nhat la cd do ben mdi kem nhit theo tinh toan ly thuyet. Ket qua khao sat da cho thiy chua phat hien dugc vet ndt tren cae mdf han d nhung nut nguy hiem nhit dd.
Ket qua do do day cdn lai thanh dng thep tren cae gian khoan da eho ta thay an mdn manh tren viing nude bin tU +2m den +7m ke tU mat nude bien trung binh. Thiiy trieu d vung Bach Hd cd mdc chenh lech 4,1m giua mUc nude eao nhat va mdc nude thip nhat. Ha bam day dac tu myc nude -1,0m (tU myc nude trung binh) trd xudng, dudi Idp ha nay son edn tdt va khdng quan sat thay thep an mdn do tae dung bao ve ciia he thdng protector. Td mdc -1,0m (td mye nude trung binh) trd len den mdc +0,0m ha bam rdi rac va xuat hien an mdn yeu. TU mdc +0,0m den 2,0m an mdn dang ke (an mdn cue bd sau den 1mm). TU muc +2,0m den +4,0m (tu myc nude trung binh), sdn bi pha huy 100% va thep bi an mdn manh nhat (an mdn diem sau den 3mm) tao thanh Id Idi Idm tren be mat thep, Hinh 2 va 3 theo ddi sy bien thien do day dng thep khao sat an mdn theo do eao td riiye nude tai d'ng chinh eua gian BK - 2. Cac ket qua khao sat sau
nay eho thay van cdn vet tich Idi Idm mac dii son phu da dugc sdn sda ehda. Viing 4,0m den 7,0m an mdn cd phan giam han nhieu so vdi vung +2,0m den +4,0m.
So sanh gia tri do day thep edn lai do duge trong 3 nam 1996, 1998 va 1999 tren mdt gian cu the, MSP - 9, theo [2] eho ta ket qua sau:
Bang 1: Ket qua do do day thep cdn lai theo thdi gian trong 3 nam 1996,1998 va 1999 Ten thanh
(dng chinh)
Do day thiet l<e mm
Do day do nam 1996 mm
/ t,tb
Do day do nam 1998 mm
t t,tb
Do day do nam 1999 mm
/ t,tb
Chan OB - 1 , MSP - 9 143-187
124-167 146-191 128-171
20,6 20,6 20,6 20,6
20,0-21,6 20,9-21,8 20,8-21,6 20,6-21,5
20,3 21,4 21,4 21,0
19,4-20,7 20,2-20,7 20,4-20,7 19,2-20,7
20,0 20,4 20,5 19,5
19,48-20,57 20,21-20,55 20,25-20,62 18,6-20,70
20,05 20,38 20,43 19,65 Chan OB - 2 , MSP - 9
147-192 159-205 150-196 162-209 Gia trj trung binh
20,6 20,6 20,6 20,6
20,9-21,8 18,9-21,8 20,9-21,5 20,5-21,6
21,4 20,0 21,2 21,0 20,9
20,3-20,7 19,4-21,7 20,3-21,3 19,9-20,6
20,5 20,5 20,8 20,3 20,3
20,5-20,72 19,04-20,94 19,69-20,74 19,64-20,46
20,6 20,0 20,2 20,0 20,17
Td cac gia trj do duge ta cd the dy bao do sau an mdn cue bd theo thdi gian nhu Hinh 1.
Hinh 1. Do day thep bi giam do an mon cue bd theo thdi gian
1996 1998
Nam khau sat
1999
Nhu vay ta thay an mdn diem tang nhanh chdng theo thdi gian.
Khao sat Idp phu da cho thay ldp sdn ban dau (3 - 5 Idp sdn epoxy vdi tdng do day 200 - 350mm) eho phan khi quyen ciia chan de tren hau het cac gian khoan da bj hd hdng han 80% ehi sau 5 - 7 nam su dung, phan thiiy trieu edn hu hdng nhanh han. Ket qua khao sat nhung nam trudc 1995 khi ehua son sda
chua viing thuy trieu eho thay son bi pha hiiy 90 -100%. Ket qua khao sat trong nam1998 eho ta thiy hiu het viing nay eiia cae gian deu da dyac sda chua bang mot ldp son phu epoxy hoae polyester day 500mm cho vung khi quyen va 1000 -1500mm eho viing thuy trieu va nude ban (dudi +7,0m td myc nude bien). Ldp son phii nay cdn mdi ed do bam tdt va hiu nhu chua bj hu hdng.
Ket qua do do nghieng va tinh thdng da cho thay do tinh thdng thyc sy Idn han 15,0m cho t i t ea cac gian, giua hai d i u eiia dim chju lye tren hai chan ed tdn tai do nghieng nhd tren h i u het cac gian (d gian MSP - 9 la 1000:1080, d gian MSP - 5 la 1000:1040) [2] [4], do nghieng ciia chan de mdi ehi do dugc trong nam 1998 nen cin phai theo ddi tiep trong nhung nam tdi. Can theo ddi xem do nghieng nay cd thay ddi khdng thi mdi ed the biet gian khoan cd bj lun khdng deu khdng.
KHAO S A T P H A N DLTOI NU'OC
Cdng tac khao sat phin dudi nude cho tat ea eae edng trinh tren da dugc thyc hien bdi Ban lan cua Xi nghiep Van tai bien va Cdng tac lan thuge XNLD Vietsovpetro va hai nha thiu la Trung tam Oao tao va Cung dng nhan lye Diu khi va Xf nghiep Thiet ke va Xay dyng edng trinh Diu khi (PVECC). Ndi dung bao gdm cae edng viee khao sat sau:
Khao sat trye quan tdng the (GVI) Khao sat trye quan chi tiet Khao sat trye quan ky ludng
Khao sat khuyet tat bang phuang phap khdng pha huy Khao sat va do do day, do bam dinh ciia son phii Oo do day cdn lai ciia thep
Oo dien the bao ve dien hda va khao sat anod Khao sat ha bam
Khao sat sdi mdn
Ket qua khao sat trye quan tdng the toan bg chan de cac gian eho ta thay mdt sd nhan xet chung nhu sau:
• Viing dudi nude dugc bao ve tdt bdi he thdng dien hda ket hgp vdi sdn phu. Khao sat phin ngap nude khdng phat hien bit ed dau hieu nao eiia thep bi an mdn, dudi Idp son be mat thep rat sang va phang neu eao het lap ha va son.
• Tren t i t ca cac gian khoan deu khdng cd sy bien dang, khdng thay ddi kich thudc, dieu dd chdng td ring cac gian deu duge thiet ke tdt, da tfnh toan day dii mgi tac nhan tae ddng len gian, do dd khdng phat hien cac bien dang cung nhu khuyet tat khae, cho den thdi diem hien nay chua phat hien thiy cac khuyet tat dang nut do qua tai hay mdi.
• Phat hien rat nhieu vet xude sinh ra trong qua trinh thi cdng lap dat cung nhu trong qua trinh sd dung.
• Phat hien rit nhieu vat la nhu cap thep, thanh gian giao, vat thai, v.v... bi rai tU tren eao xudng trong qua trinh thi edng, sua ehua gian. Nhdng vat la nay duge ha bao phu di'nh vao gian khoan va lay ddng theo sdng va ehinh la nguyen nhan gay ra cac vet xude tren be mat d'ng thep chan de. Oae biet rit nhieu vat thai tu tren gian nhu vd thung son, dd hop, bao bi, sat thep vun nam d day bien, tren vung mat ngang D6, tiep xue vdi mat ngang 06.
Ket qua khao sat chi tiet phin dudi nude cho nam 1998 eho cac nhan xet sau: (Bang 3)
• Sd luang khuyet tat dang vet xude la ehii yeu, chie'm 73% sd lugng khuyet tat. Cac khuyet tat phin Idn deu do vat rai tU tren eao lam mop, xude, nhit la khi vat rai ed kich thudc dai (cap thep, thanh gian giao, v.v...), nam ngay d tren thanh chan de, theo sdng bien dao dgng gay xude.
• Dang khuyet tat nguy hiem nhit la vet nut da phat hien dugc 3 vj tri (d vj tri -11,0m) va tien hanh theo ddi sy phat trien vet ndt. Hien nay khdng thiy sy phat trien cua vet ndt, nen cd the khang djnh nguyen nhan vet ndt la do va cham vdi tau ehd khdng phai do mdi. (Hinh 4).
• Mdt khuyet tat dang d'ng bj xuyen thiing do rai cin khoan td tren eao va cin khoan v i n cdn c i m tren d'ng la khuyet tat rd ret nhit gay ra do vat rai (Hinh 5).
• Tit ca cac ket qua do do day cdn lai cua d'ng thep tren tat ca cac gian deu chdng td ring thep khdng bj an mdn, do day d'ng thep cdn lai diing nhu do day thiet ke (hay hoan cdng).
Ket qua khao sat sinh vat bam tren cac gian deu cho cae nhan xet chung sau:
• Sinh vat bam gdm Idp ha cdng ben trong va Idp sinh vat bam mem day han.
• Sinh vat bam tang din tu mat nude den do sau 20 - 25m, sau dd do day Idp ha giam d i n . Ha bam day nhit (ca ha edng va Idp sinh vat bam mem) d do sau tU 10m den 25m.
• Mdt vai chd sinh vat bam day vugt qua tieu chuan eho phep.
• Theo ddi do day eiia sinh vat bam cho mot gian (MSP - 5) duge bieu didn trong dang dd thi d Hinh 6.
• Ket qua khao sat anod va do dien the bao ve CP eho tat ca cac gian deu eho thiy:
• Mdt sd anod hy sinh bj ddt gay, bj rai mat trong qua trinh lip dat chan de va sd dung, binh quan 5% sd lugng anod hy sinh tren mdi gian bj thieu khi so sanh vdi thiet ke.
• Tat ca eae gia tri do tren tat ca cae gian deu am han -800mV (theo Ag/AgCI), gia trj dien the tdi thieu de thep trin khdng bj an mdn. Khdng phat hien thay mdt diem do nao ed gia trj duang han gia tri tren, nhu vay ed the khang djnh ring hien nay phin ngap nude da dugc bao ve rit tdt va khdng bj an mdn.
• Ca biet mot vai anod hy sinh da bi tieu hao han 60%, edn lai da sd eae anod hy sinh mdi ehi tieu hao dudi 30 - 40%.
• Ldp sdn phii dudi Idp ha cdn kha tdt, dudi Idp sdn thep khdng bj an mdn.
Ket qua khao sat xdi mdn cho thiy sy thay ddi xdi mdn qua cac nam khao sat nen ed the khang dinh ring xdi mdn chan de khdng dang ke va khdng c i n khao sat xdi mdn lien tue ma ehi can khao sat 5 nam mdt lin trong lin khao sat dae biet.
KET LUAN
Ket qua khao sat chan de gian khoan trong thdi gian qua da khang djnh gian khoan dugc thiet ke va lip dat an toan. Hien nay, dang kiem qudc te va VIRES da cip chdng chi phii hgp eho toan bd sd chan de va dim chiu lye eiia tat ca cac gian khoan hien dien tren md Bach Hd. Trong t i t ea cac thu dieu kien gia han chdng ehi deu yeu eiu XNLD phai khic phue sua ehua t i t ca cac khuyet tat ke ca khuyet tat dang an mdn (an mdn vugt qua 15% do day thiet ke), son sua cac chd son chdng an mdn bj hdng, lam sach ha va sinh vat bien d nhung vj tri ha bam day vugt qua tieu chuan chip nhan. Do dd, nhiem vu cua XNLD phai hoae tien hanh sua chua ngay hoae dung cac phin mem tinh toan dugc cdng nhan de chdng minh la cac dang khuyet tat tren chua den muc nguy hiem can phai sua chua. Odng tU gdc do dam bao cho cdng tac
trinh bien ac cdng an de c uyen eh an khiq at tren ph 3 khuyet t e sdlugn Bang 2. Thdng k DasCra
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•- • u built <mll thl<±iM>i DfldtT boAn eflpi 1 > ' ^
Hinh 2. Theo doi an mon theo do cao tren ong chinh 210-17 gian BK-2
Hinh 3. Theo doi an mon theo do cao tren ong chi'nh 214-21 gian BK-2
t . ' ii-.
/M
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N i f a g g B B h » : : < » > 2 g M ^
^ ^ • -AtSiftSn^' 1 i-T^^^SBBHffi^SffwB
Hinh 4. Vet nCrt tai vi tri -11.0 m tai gian MSP-4 Hinh 5. Ong can khoan xuyen thung thanh ngang nen Theo dau khae danh dau 2 lan khao sat 1994,1997. Vi chan de
tri giai han vet nut gan nhu khong thay ddi tCr nam 1994den nam 1997.
ChartofMGofMa5-(Bl-1998
@Hanl DSoft
• Corrp.
100 150 Height (ran)
200 250
Hinh 6. Do day ha bam theo do sau tai ong chan de gian MSP, nam 1998
chCrng chi, can thiet phai c6 cac bien phap sau:
1. Can phai tien hanh dgn sach cac vat the la nam tren cac thanh chju luc cue chan de cung nhu a day bien trong vung D6 cua chan de.
2. Cong tac tfnh toan lai thie't ke theo ket qua khao sat can phai thgc hien kjp thdi de gia han dugc chirng chi dung han va gop phan giam thieu khoi lugng cong viec sCra chura, tiet kiem dirge chi phi sira chua.
(Vl du chi phi cao ha dudi nude rat tdn kem).
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Dang The Phuong, Dao Van Minh, Le Cong Thuy , Andrew R. Banks, Sergey A. Klimenko. Corrosion inspection for offshore platforms in White Tiger oil field. Bao cao Hgi nghj Chau A va Thai Binh Duang ve kiem soat an mon,2-5/11/1999.
2. Banks A.R., Klimenko S.A. Letter • report ofsun/ey for MSP - 9, 5/1999, 3. Report of in-vi^atersun/eyMSP-5,1998.
4. Banks A.R., Klimenko S.A. Letter - report ofsun/ey for MSP - 5, 5/1999.
5. Bao cao tdng ket de tai NIOKR - V7 nam 1998 cua Phong Khao sat va Chirng chi cong trinh bien, Vien NCKH-TKDau khi bien.
