^L^( 13-
DIEN DAN
Khoa hoc va gido due Viet Nam
biroc vdo hoi nhdp Irong Ihoi ky mi
Vu Cao Oi
Theo tac gia, hien nay chung ta van chUa co sii dut khoat trao quyen \\i chu, tii chju trach nhiem cl l(hoa hpc va giao due (KH&GD), Nha nU6c chi quan ly vT mo, ma v i n dang loay hoay v6i each thufc chiic KH&GD truyen thong, trong do Nha ni/6c gii? vj tri ddc ton lam KH&GD. Day la nhffng van i cd ban can giai quyet de KH&GD co the hoi nhap quoc te trong thdi ky mdi.
Dan nhap
Chu de hoi nhap trong hoat dong KH&GD da va dang difdc ban rat nhieu tren cac difen dan, nhifng co le nhung van de cd ban trong hoi nhap ve KH&GD van chiia di/o'c ban den tan goc re.
Van de cO ban, do la sUtuOng thich ve tnet ly to chi/c hoat dong KH&GD giiJa cac quoc gia trong hoi nhap.
Chung toi da tdng ket, l[ch sd phat tnen KH&GD cua nhan loai, da va dang chC/ng kien 4 triet ly ve thai do cija cac nha nudc doi vdi KHSGD':
'Xem, Vu Cao Dam, Nghich ly va loi thoat - Ban ve Inet ly phat tnen KH&GD Viet Nam, Nxb The gidi. 2014
Triet ly 1: KH&GD la moi quan tam tu nhan, nha nUdc khdng quan tam den KH&GD.
Triet ly 2: nha nudc quan tam tdi KH&GD d vj the binh dang vdi cac thanh phan khac trong xa hoi.
Triet ly 3: nha nudc gii3 vj trf doc tdn lam KH&GD. Dd la cac nlia nudc XHCN trudc day.
Trigt ly 4: KH&GD tu tn (Autonomy), nha nUdc quan ly vTmd.
The gidi hien dang tren dudng hoan thien Trie! ly 4. Tdi ndi dang tren dudng hoan thien, vi the gidi van chUa he! ban ve yeu cau hoan thien thiet che tu trk Cdn Viet Nam dang trgn dudng thoat khoi Triet ly 3 de bUdc vao Trie! ly 4 phu hdp vdi su chuyen d6i sang nen kinh t^ da thanh phan.
Chiiv^najitit)i6u
Bat cU ai ngoi vao ban danh cd cung deu biet rang minh phk\ chap nh§n luat chdi cijng vdi doi thij. Khong the s[S dung luat cd vua de chdi cd tudng. Cang khong the dat ra mot luat chdi cua rieng minh de tham gia cupc chdi. Cung khong the ap dat luat chdi cua rieng minh cho nhOng ngudi dang cam ket vdl luat chdi cua cpng dong.
Cpng ddng KH&GD qudc te da cd luat chdi phiJ hdp dac diem phd quat cija hoat dong KH&GD. Con chiing ta v§n loay hoay vdi truyen thdng bat
nguon tU mdt he thong do nha ni chl huy tap trung quan lieu, la ci thUc to chUc KH&GD truyen thf cua c^c nude XHCN.
Yeu cau hoi nh§p bugc chung phai hdi nhap mgt each tat yeu tre luat chdi cua cgng d6ng KH&(
qudc te.
Nhimg buific do dtf trong qran l i vi mfi Tir nam 1981, he thdng KH&(
Vi0t Nam da tr^i qua nhieu bi dpng, dUdc danh dau bang cac qu' djnh chi'nh sach cua Nha nudc, tam ligt k§ nhOng moc chfnh, ma tfnh budc ngoat ve triet ly, nhu chl trong b&ng 1.
Bing 1: sU bien d6i tnit ly trong h$ thong KH&GD Vi^t Nam
Him 1991
m
Ml
1«!
iW
SODS 2W
TSUX
2W
m^
Vlnbh OnHmoiitf Qui^i^niisi/mr
Qillit# IMfllDBT
Ptilp IMl d i ^ ^ [Aig ngl4
Nghf dinh MCBT
KMitgc^biiiiilJilnllltiiSD
NgliitMi lt&f«i»l[H;P
N5h|Wh«i2«61ID-CP
NsmaUhlWlCSUBCP
NjliiainliieWIStiMP
UicMmtfii PIttlfitndg hk W : ty bdp ding M bihntt oil ri vilin; d i p i EgUi lAi Eia iltfg Ira hi» Hi^ HID, MC sjn nd d pMni tl m l * ohl 4 K ^ cac s^M", » * *
«i1, itin up Inintdc lDClil:KHlGD ^liK Phi IM chhli h6B KHS6EI. I M g mgi M> sin m, dw lipi^ niiiiii i^ohivugittli m M dtfti, dm U&tufe 9i tem dc li(p lirg hKiiiftfnglitlKHICS) 111 iHn Ms hon ling duiAi ^Edng rgtt Hdn aiic Mm p dchifilSiig dVfjii gai Ejsg Din W hia liW M<9 KHICN. w dng din c« lUnh pMn hnh li t ^ i W ihSnk Up lie id KHICM
I^ in Ha KHICN. quyin t l diJ. hf 0411 IrUi lOaiitfitlllOarslip.liaiJS*":*''**
nng d« hgc Tu In hti i ± li chik 91 nglijti cdng ^ M gil inMngdjihtc Tf Dl hd! mix. gii)^n i«n)Jn dfl ck ll ihli i^ng Dp M h doanh i^hij^KHSCH IM lit hda c^ l l chfc ill nghl^ [dng ^ , bao gim dull USD (1 Initio dir hgc
5* KHOAHOC \,
I CONG NGHE V
I Nam
So 6 ndm 2016VIETNAM - UK TURW^RODUCTS RESE/\
p W o r K K i s on Fungal Natural Pro%
> « ^ .
TU bang 1, chung ta nhan ra rat ro, he thong KH&GD Viet Nam dang chuyen tu Tnet ly 3 sang Tnet ly 4, nghta la tU mdt hg thdng KH&GD do nha nudc dpe tdn lam ehCi, sang mgt he thong ma KH&GD thudc quyen tu chu, tu chiu trach nhiem eCia eac cong dan.
Do la xu the tat yeu phu hdp vdi trao tdu tien bg xa hdi cija nhin loai, m$txu the khong the dio ngUdc. Tuy nhien, nhin vao cac budc rat dang lac quan v6 bi^n ddi triet ly do, chung ta nhgn ra, qua trinh chuyen doi dang cdn r^t gian nan: su cdi md ve quyen tu chu, ti^ chiu trach nhiem, ndi ro hdn, thudc tri^t ly tu trj cua KH&GD cCia Ngh[ dinh 115, Nghi dinh 43, Nghj dmh 16 gap rat nhieu kho khan trong qua trinh ap dung vao cudc song. Mpt so bi^n phap thao gd hien nay ludn xuat phat ti^ viec tgo thuan ldi ve von, ve quyen tU chu, ta chju trach nhiem sD dung cac nguon luc, nhu Nghi dinh 96/2010/ND-CP ve SLfa ddi, bd sung mpt sd dieu cua Nghj djnh s6 115/2005/ND-CP. Tuy nhien, toi cho rang, van de then chdt nam 6 ch6 khac.
Od la sU do dU trong cac quyet djnh chinh sach de thoat khdi Triet ly 3 va dan khoat tien vao Triet ly 4.
Nam 2015, Bg trUdng Bd KH&CN da giao cho Trudng Dai hoc Khoa hgc Xa hdi va Nhan van, Dai hgc Qudc gia H^ Npi nhiem vu nghien cUu ve danh gia Nghi dinh 115. Trong Bao cao sau mdt nam thuc hien nhiem vy, chung tdi'da manh dan neu y kien rang, Nghi dinh 115 cham thUc hien khdng phai vi thidu cac phUdng tien, ma quan trgng la sU ^'ing dot giOa hai triet ly, triet ly muc tieu va triet ly phUdng tien.
Ve tnet ly muc tieu, Nghi dmh 115 danh cho td chuc R&D rat nhieu quyen ti^ chu to chUc cac hoat dgng. Nguoc lai, trong cac quy djnh lien quan triel ly phUdng tien, chung ta thay Nha nUdc van nam het cac phUdng tien, dien hinh nhat la Dieu 7, Khoan 1: Nha nudc van la ngudi lam chu cac nhiem vu, vh cac td chdc R&D van la ngudi
"dUdc" dau thau de lam thue cho Nha nudc. Cdn lai, cac nhiem vu tu de xuat thi khdng tim dau ra ngudn kinh phf.
Luat KH&CN (2013) van theo quy dao cija Triet ly 3, trong dd ndi len vai tro nha nudc trong viec lap quy hoach, sap xep cac vien cdng l§p; ngan sach danh cho de tai cac "cap" cija nha nUdc; khdng cd dieu khoan nao ve vai trd Manh Thudng Quan cua nha nUdc ddi vdi mpt nen KH&CN tu chu, tu chju trach nhiem. Nha khoa hpc chi "dUdc quyen" dau thau nhiem vy nha niJdc, dUdc "ddng gdp" y tudng de hinh thanh nhiem vu nha nudc va "ban" cho nha nudc san pham nghien cdu cua ca nhan de thanh sd hOu nha nudc..
Ching flimng gmn nan
Nhu vay, con dudng hgi nhap la con dudng cdn dat ra trUdc chiing ta rat nhieu thO thach. Van de la, chung ta ph&i tai cau true mot md hinh td chdc KH&GD phu hgp vdi triet ly td chUc KH&GD cua cdng ddng KH&GD the gidi.
Muc tieu cd ban cua tai cau true that ra dUdc viet ra tU Nghi quyet 26 cija 86 Chinh tn ve chinh sach KH&CN nam 1991. Dd la dieu trong Nghi quyet 26 gpi la "nhat the hda khoa hoc vdi giao due va san xuat". Vdn nghien cuu khoa hgc nam trong cac dai hoc hoac cac doanh nghiep, nhUng da bj tach rdi
DIEN DAN
trong he thong KH&GD cua cac nUdc XHCN.
Trdn tinh than Nghj quyet 26, Thu tudng Vo VSn Kidt la ngudi chu trUdng tai cau trijc he thdng KH&CN bang viec trci lai hoat ddng R&D cho dai hgc va cho doanh nghidp, Phd Thij tudng Nguyen Khanh true tiep phu trach cdng viec nay, nhUng trd nggi qua Idn, nen chCi trUdng nay khdng thuc hidn dUdc.
Vao thap men 90, Vien trudng Vien Khoa hpe Vidt Nam (KHVN) Nguygn Van Hieu da "lam thuc" bang viec md ra hang loat spin-off tai Vien KHVN, dong thdt dUa phUdng an thanh lap mdt trudng dai hoc. Sau thdi Vi?n trudng Nguyen Van Hidu, mgt trudng dai hgc da dUdc thanh lap, nhUng da dUdc dat true thuoc Bd GD&DT, den nay lai trd ve vdi Vien KHVN, nhung dang tide, cac spin-off deu da bj loai khdi cd cau tdchUc cua Vien KHVN.
Tuy nhien, hien nay d Vidt Nam, xu the bien ddi cua cac to chUc R&D vdn bj tach rdi dai hgc va doanh nghiep dang rat bUc xuc Chung toi cho rang su bCfc xuc dd la chinh dang,
Tren thuc te, hang loat cd sd dao tao da xuat hien trong cac vien, hang loat td chUc R&D dang hinh thanh trong doanh nghiep va dai hgc. D6 la mdt xu the lanh manh tien dan tdi nhdng gia tri phd quat cija KH&GD the gidi.
Cac chfnh sach thiic day qua trinh tai cau true nay tren cd sd dUdc gpi la
"tu chij, tu chju trach nhiem" cua cac td chdc KH&GD can dUdc theo quy dao cua Triet ly 4 la hoan toan phu hdp vdi nhu cau hdi nhap trong thdi ky mdi.
Od la bai toan cdn nhieu gian nan dat trudc cac cd quan lam chinh sach. Van de la, can xac lap mpt Id trinh mach lac de chuyen dan tU Triet ly 3 sang Triet ly 4, dap Ung nhu cau hdi nhap ve KH&GD vao the gidt van minh ^
.20,6 ^ * ^ \ i ;
