KHOA HOC

KHOA HOC

C 6 N G

NGHfi

IVGHIEIV C I J U D A DAIXIG K H U H E R U A CAIXI V A R U A iXlUCrC iVGOT T A I V U O I V Q U O C G I A B A C H IVIA

LI Tlii DilnS HI Thj NgaS LI Dodn Anh'' T6MTAT

Khu hd riia can va riia nuoc ngot ciia Vudn Qudc gia (VQG) Bach Ma rIt da dang. Kit qua dilu tra da xdc dinh dugc 7 loai thupc 5 gidng va 4 ho phdn bd tai VQG Bach Ma. Trong sd 7 loai da dugc ghi nhdn, co 6 loai dugc ghi trong Danh luc do cua lUCN (2010), trong do co 2 loai d cap dp cue ky nguy d p (CIQ la rua hop tran vang miln Bac va riia hop tran vang miln Trung. Su phan bd cua cac loai riia trong khu vuc chii yeu d do cao tir 200 - 400 m, co 6 loai, chiem 85,796, theo hai sinh canh chinh la rimg tu nhidn, sdng sudi vd ven bd. Sd loai riia tap trung nhieu nhat trong ho riia dam (Geoemydidae), vdi tdng sd loai la 3; ho ba ba

(Trionychidae) co 2 loai; hp riia dau to (Platystemidae) va ho riia can (Testudinidae) chi co 1 loai/hp. So vdi cac VQG d khu vuc Bic Trung bd, sd loai riia tai Bach Ma gan tuong duong. Ngoai 6 loai ghi nhan dupe qua mau vat, qua trinh phong van con ghi nhdn thdm 6 loai theo hinh anh. Cd 5 loai trong tdng sd 12 loai nia dugc ghi nhan d muc dd thudng gap, co 4 loai d miic dp it gap va cd mot loai d muc dp hilm khi gap, do la riia hop ba vach.

Tir khda: Da dang, nia can, nia nuoc ngot, VQG Bach MS.

LDATVANDE

Cung nhu mdt sd qudc gia khic trong khu vuc Ddng Nam A, Vilt Nam dirge biit din nhu la mdt trong nhiing qudc gia ed khu h i nia phong phu va da dang nhat h-ong khu vuc chau A vdi 6 hp gdm 30 lodi, ehilm 1/2 tdng sd hp va 1/10 tdng sd loai riia eua thi gidi, vdi nhieu chi, loai ddc hiiu. Miln Trung II khu vtre ed su da dang cao vl d c dang smh d n h sdng va la qui hirong eiia nhilu loli riia ban dja vl dae huu eiia Vilt Nam; cd hon 15 trong tdng sd 25 loai riia can va riia nude ngpt eua ViOt Nam duge phdn bd d khu vue nay. Tuy nhien, su khai thac qua miie phue vu cho nhu d u thiic dn. tiiudc chua bOnh va lam canh; su phi huy ciia mdi trudng sdng II nhirng nguyen nhan chinh khiln cho rIt nhieu chi/loai cd tin trong Danh luc dd ciia lUCN (2009), phu luc II ciia cdng ude CITES, sach Dd Vilt Nam (Spinks and Shaffer, 2006). Tde do smh tiirdng, phdt triln rIt cham khiln d e loai riia rIt d l hi nhay cam vdi su khai thic qui miic.

H | smh tiiai ciia Bach Ma edn mang nhilu nit nguyln so eiia rimg la rdng thudng xanh mua miia nhilt ddi, duge danh gii la mot trong bay viing ed tam quan trpng toan clu eua Vilt Nam (Davis etal., 1995), da gdp phan rIt tieh cue trong cdng tac bao tdn da dang smh hpc ndi ehung. Nhtmg eOng chinh tai dly ngudn tai nguydn smh hgc vdn dang hi xdm hai, nhilu lodi ddng thuc vat qui hilm vIn dang bi

' Trudng D?i hpc Ndng Lam Hue

^ Vudn Qudc gia B^ch M3

khai thic va cle loli nia cung khdng phai II trudng hgp ngoai 10. Khdng nhiing thi, hiln nay chua co mdt nghidn ciiu mang tinh hO tiidng nIo vl khu hi riia tai ddy. nhat la viing sinh thdi va phdn vimg phan bd eiia chiing. Do dd vile dilu tra khio sit cu till khu ho riia can vl riia nude ngpt tai VQG Bach Ma II h i t siic cin thilt nhdm cd nhirng thdng tui dly du vl hiOn trang d c loli trong ttr nhiln, lam co sd dl xult cle giai phap bao tdn loli ed hiOu qui hon.

L NOI DUNG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU 1. Ndi dung nghiin eiiu

- Dilu tra tiianh phin lodi khu hO rua can vd riia nude ngpt d VQG Bach Md.

Tim hilu su phdn bd eiia khu hO nia theo dd eao vd dang smh d n h d VQG Bach Md.

2. Phuong phdp nghidn cthi

Dia bin nghiin cuu. Thj ti-ln Khe Tre vl 3 xd:

Thugng Ld, Thugng Nhlt v l Thugng Long, huyOn Nam Ddng - tiiuge vimg dOm VQG Bach Ma.

Phuong phip nghiin eiru.

Phdng van ngudi din dia phuang bang bang clu hdi phdng vIn bin djnh hudng. Ddi tugng: Thg san, ngudi budn ban ddng vat hoang da, d n bd kilm Ilm, ngudi din dia phuong. Phuong phip: sii dung bp anh mlu v l eae loai nia ViOt Nam, sii dung tiiang dilm danh gia miie dp chinh xle eiia thdng tin; tiiu th|ip mau vlt: mau sdng, mlu chit, d c bd ph$n khdc.

Hoan thinh mau ghi chip riia phdt hiln duge ngoli thirc dja

84

NONG NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN

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KHOA H9C

C O N G

NGHfi

Khao sdt thue dia: Phuong phdp tim kilm theo tiidi gian vd ehd sdn (nia can) va ddt bIy (riia nude).

Khao sit qua cac dang sinh canh: Sinh d n h trdn mil cao, cd dp eao tir 230 - 350 m, dia hmh phiie tap vdi nhilu khe sudi k h i Idn, tiiam thuc vdt tuong ddi phong phii vd cdc khu vuc ven sudi, Im udt.

• . K E T QUA VA THAO LUAN 1. Kit qui nghidn eiiu

a. Thanh phan loii khu hi riia can vi riia nude nggtdVQGBachMi

Qua qua trinh khao sat dd xac dinh duge 6 lodi riia thude 4 bg phdn bd tai viing dem eiia VQG Bach Md, dd Id: Riia hop trdn vdng miln Ble (Cuora galbinifroni), riia hop trdn vdng miln Trung (Cuora

Bdng 1. Danh lue d e lodi riia can

bourreti), nia sa nhdn {Cuora mouhotii), nia niii viln (Manouria impressa), riia diu to {Phtystemon megacephaluni) va ba ba tran {Pelodiscus sinensis).

Tham khao nghien eiiu cua LI Vu Khdi vd Vd Vdn Qui (2004), VQG Bach Ma cd tiidm 1 lodi la ba ba gai (Palea steindachneri). Nhu vdy, hi|n nay khu ho riia Bach Ma ed it nhat 7 loai thude 4 hp, trong dd cd 5 lodi dugc ghi trong sach Dd ViOt Nam (2007) va 6 lodi dugc ghi trong Danh luc dd lUCN (2010) (ngoai trir lodi ba ba tron). Ddc biet, trong sd cac lodi trdn cd 2 lodi d d p dp cue ky nguy elp (CR), dd la riia hop tran vdng mien Ble va riia hop tran vdng miln Trung; 3 loai d d p dp nguy elp (EN), dd la riia sa nhdn, riia diu to vd ba ba gai (bang 1).

vd rua nude ngpt tai VQG Bach Md TT

I 1 II 2

3 4 III

5 IV

6

7

Tdn ViOt Nam Hp nia dau to - P Riia diu to

Ten khoa hpc Tdn dia phuang

Ngudn Thuc

dia

Ngudn khac

Tinh trang lUCN SDVN atystemidae

Platystemon megacephalum (Gray. 1831)

Riia md keo, riia ac md,

Acpp crd

5 EN EN

Hp riia dim - Geoemydidae Riia hop tran

vIng miln Ble Riia hdp tran vang miln Trung Riia sa nhan

Cuora galbinih-ons (Bourret, 1939) Cuora bourreti (Obst

& Reunann, 1994) Cuora mouhoti (Gray. 1862)

Riia hop, riia kin, riia mdy, A epp each

Riia hop, riia kin, nia mdy, A epp each

Riia da, nia rdng cua

5

10 3

1

2 1

CR

CR EN

EN

EN

Hp nia can, Testudinidae

Riia niii viln Manouria impressa

(Gunttier, 1822) Riia xe tdng 1 1 VU

Hp ba ba - Trionychidae Ba ba tron

Ba ba gai

Pelodiscus sinensis (Siebenroek, 1906) Palea stemdachneri

(Wiegman, 1835)

Ba ba, riia nude, Acop ddt, eon hdn

Riia nude, riia gai, Acop ddt

1

*

VU

EN

VU

VU Ngodi ra, kit qui tdng hgp tii 50 cude phdng vIn

edn ghi nhdn duge 6 lodi thdng qua quan sdt anh md khdng ed mlu kim theo, dd II d c loli riia hop ba vach {Cuora trifysciata), riia dit Pulkm {Cyclemys pulchristriata), riia niii vIng {Indotestudo elongati), nia dit spengle (Geoemyda spengleri), riia bdn mIt

{Sacaha quadriocellata) vk ba ba gai {Palea steindachneri). Tuy nhiln, trong nghidn ciiu ndy khdng hot kd dugc cdc lodi nay vdo trong danh lue vi d n phii ed cdc ehiing cii xdc thuc hon niia nhir mau sdng, mau chit hode mlu mai d l khdng dinh chde chdn su ed mdt eiia eae lodi ndy.

NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN

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b. Su phin bd cua khu hi nia theo dd cao vi dang sinh dnh

Todn bd khu vue nghidn ciiu dugc chia thanh cae dai cao nhu sau: dudi 200 m, tii 200 den 400 m, hi 400 den 600 m va ti-en 600 m. Qua nghiin eiiu cho thIy: Cdc loai riia phdn bd nhilu nhat d dp eao tir 200 din 400 m, cd 6 lodi, ehilm 85,7%; d dd cap h-en 600 m, ehi cd 2 loai ehilm 28,57% tdng sd loai trong khu virc. Trong dd loai riia dau to phan bd d tit ea d e dp cao, cac loai thupc hp nia dam (Geoemydidae) chi phan bd tir dp cao 200 din 600 m, hp riia niii (Testudinidae) phdn bd d dp cao tir 400 m trd Idn, cdn cac loai tiiudc hp ba ba (Trionychidae) chi phdn bd d nhiing noi ed dp eao dudi 400 m.

Cd 2 dang sinh d n h chinh cua ede loai trong khu vuc, dd la: Rimg tir nhiln va sinh canh sdng, sudi va ven bd. Su ehlnh lOeh giiia 2 dang sinh canh nay khdng dang k l (57,14% so vdi 42.8%). Ngoai ra, su phan bd cac loai riia trong cac dang sinh canh chinh tren cdn dac trung bdi cac tilu hoan canh sdng.

Ddng thdi cd mdi liln kit chat che trong su phdn bd cua d c loai riia theo sinh canh va dp cao trong khu vuc khao sat. Vi vdy cle no lire bao tdn trong khu vuc VQG Bach Ma can cd su Uln kit giiia bao tdn lodi vl bao tdn sinh canh ciia loai nhlm dem lai hilu qua bao tdn loai cao nhlt.

Nhdm khao sat da tien hanh 2 dgt khao sat tai khu vuc rimg tiiudc xa Thugng Nhat. Kit qua da tim thay 01 ca the nia sa nhin {Cuora mouhotii) dudi mdt hang d l nhd, nIn dit tirong ddi am udt Day II dang sinh d n h niii eao, tham thue vat tirong ddi phong phii, dp ehe phu khoang 50%. Kit qua dd da khdng dinh su ed mdt chic chan cua loai riia nay d khu vuc nghiin ciiu. Kit hgp nhiing thdng tin tir phdng van cho thIy su phan bd eua loli trong khu vuc chu ylu d dang sinh canh niii cao, tham thue vat phong phii vd rimg khd.

B&n <Xb p h a n b 6 k h u h § rua tg.! cAc d i ^ m <tieu tra 2. Thao ludn

a. Tinh da dang khu he nia tai VQG Bach Ma Mdc dil sd lugng cdc loai riia ghi nhan dugc tinh din thdi diem nay tai VQG Bach Ma chi cd 7 loai, nhung ehiing thude 4 hp khdc nhau. Sd lugng cac loli nia trong mdi hp duge thi hiln qua bang 2.

Bing 2. Sd lugng loli riia trong mdi hg tai VQG Bach Md

TT 1 2 3 4

Hp

Geoemydidae (Hp nia dam) Platystemidae (Hp riia dau to) Testudinidae (Hp riia can) Trionychidae (Hp ba ba)

Tdng cdng

Sd loai

3 1 1 2 7

Tyle%

sdloai 42,86 14,28 14,28 28.58 100,00 (Ngudn: Tdng hgp sd'h'iu khao sit thuc ti. 2010 viLi VuKhdi, Vd Vin Qui, 2004)

Bang 2 cho thIy, sd loai riia tap trung nhilu nhat trong hp riia dim (Geoemydidae), vdi tdng sd loai la 3, chilm 42,86%; hp ba ba CTrionychidae) cd 2 loai, chilm 28,58%; ddi vdi hp riia diu \a (Platystemidae) vl hg riia can (Testudmidae) mdi hg ehi ed 1 loai, chilm 14,28%.

Kit qua so sinh sir da dang loai eua khu hi riia Bach Ma vdi khu hO riia ciia d e khu rimg ddc dung viing Ble Tnmg bd dugc thi lii|n qua bang 3.

Bang 3. So sinh sv da dgng d e loli riia tai VQG Bgeh Md vdi d c khu bio tdn tiuin nhidn (KBTTN) vl VQG d khu vue Bic Trung bp

TT 1 2 3 4 5 6

Dia diem VQG Bach Md Khu BTTN Pit Hudng VQG Pii Mat

VQG Bin En VQG Vu Quang

VQG Phong Nha Ke Bang

DiOn tieh (ha) 37.487 49.000 94.804 38.153 54.000 200.000

Thinh phin phin loai Sdho

4 4 4 4 4 4

Sdloli 7 13 15 10 8 7

Ghi chii: Diin tich cic khu bao ton theo Birdlife International (2004).

86 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON KY 2 - THANG 9/2011

ii.nwA HQC

C O N G

NGHE

Qua bang trdn eho thIy, so vdi d e VQG vd khu BTTN ti-ong khu vue Ble Trung bd thi miie do da dang d e loli riia d VQG Bach Ma khdng cao. Mac dil ed ciing sd hg vdi cle dia dilm khic nhung Bach Ma lai ed sd loli it nhlt (ehi ed 7 loli), trong khi dd sd loli ciia d c VQG khic rIt eao, vi du nhu VQG Pii Mat cd tdi 15 loli; khu BTTN Pit Hudng ed 13 loli.

Tuy nhidn, tdng diOn tich ciia hai khu rimg dac dung nly lai Idn hon VQG Bach Ma rIt nhilu. So vdi d e VQG tai d c tinh Idn d n nhu VQG Vu Quang vd VQG Phong Nha - Ke Bdng thi sd loai riia tai Bach Md gin tuong duong.

Cdc loai nia cd phan bd rdng (gdp d tit d d c khu vuc so sanh), bao gdm: riia diu to {Platystemon megacephaluni), riia hop trdn vang miln Ble {Cuora galbinilfoni), nia hop trdn vdng miln Trung {Cuora bourreti), nia mil viln {Manouria impressa) vk ba ba

tron {Pelodiscus sinensis) (Le Thanh Diing, 2008 vd Ngd Die Chiing, 2007).

b. Muc do xuat hiin ciia dc loii tai khu hi nia VQG Bach Mi

Vdi nhiing thdng tin ed dirge tir phdng vIn vl nhiing mau thu duge eho thIy, d c loli riia d day duge sii dung chu ylu d l ban, lam thiie dn, tiiude chiia b|nh vd vat ldm cdnh.

Qud trinh phdng vIn dd thu nhan duge 26 mdu, trong dd ed 5 mau sdng vd 21 mau chit vd mau mai thude 6 loai. Sd lugng mlu vl loai mau cua mdi lodi duge trinh bay chi tilt trong bang 4. Ngodi ra, cdn cd 4 mlu anh vl 1 mlu mai dugc cung d p bdi cle cdn bd kilm lam VQG Bach Md. Vdi nhiing thdng tin vl ngudn gdc, dia dilm, thdi gian va muc dich sii dung da cho thIy miie do phong phii cua timg loai trdn dia bdn nghidn ciiu.

Bdng 4. Sd lugng vl load mlu ciia timg loli riia thu nhdn dugc trong qui trinh phdng vIn TT

1 2 3 4 5 6 Tong

Tin loai

Cuora bourreti (Riia hop tran vIng miln Trung) Cuora galbinifrons (Riia hop trIn vIng miln Bic) Cuora mouhotii (Riia sa nhan)

Manouria impressa (Riia mil viln) Platystemon megacephalum (Riia diu to)

Pelodiscus sinensis (Ba ba tron) 6 loli

Sd lugng quan sit Mau sdng

3 2 0 0 0 0 5

Mau chit 7 4 3 1 5 1 21

Tong 10

6 3 1 5 1 26 (Nguon: Tong hgp khao sit thuc to'nim 2010)

Miic dp nhdn biit cdc loai riia khic nhau d tit ea nhirng ngudi duge phdng vIn. Sd lugng vl ty 10 md ta timg loli riia trong khu vuc duge thi hiOn d bing 5.

Bang 5. Sd lugng vl ty lO md t l tiing loli riia trong qui trinh phdng vIn TT

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Ten loli Riia diu to

Riia hop tran vIng miln Ble Riia hop trIn vIng miln Trung Riia sa nhan

Riia hop ba vach Rita dit spangle Riia dit pulkin Riia bdn mIt Riia niii vang Riia niii viln Ba ba tron Ba ba gai

Sd ngudi mdta

46 45 45 26 6 30 18 10 19 19 40 30

Ty Id md ta

(%)

92 90 90 52 12 60 36 20 38 38 80 60

Ghi chu Thudng gap Thudng gdp Thudng gap Thudng gap Hilm khi Thudng gap It gdp It gdp It gdp It gdp Thudng gdp Thudng gdp (Ngudn: Tong hgp kit qua phdng van nim 2010)

N 6 N G NGHIEP V A PHAT

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KHOA Hpc

C 6 N G

NGHE

Tir kit qua tdng hgp d bang 5 ed thi nhan tiily, cd 5 loai trong tdng sd 12 loli nia duge ghi nhdn d mire do thudng gdp; cd 4 lodi d miie dp it gdp va ed mdt loai d mire dp hilm khi gdp, dd la riia hop ba vach. Tuy nhien. eae thdng tin nay thu nhdn duge dua tren kit qua phdng vIn. Do dd, d l xac dinh sd lugng chinh xac d c hp, loai riia xuat hiln trong VQG Bach Ma can cd nhiing dilu tra thuc dia vl khu hO riia sau va rdng ban trong thdi gian tdi.

IV. KET LUAN

Dd xac dinh chic chdn ed 7 loai riia can vl riia nude ngpt phan bd tai dja bin nghiin eiiu. Kit qua phong van bang hinh anh da ghi nhan them 6 loai.

Cd su khac nhau vl phan bd cua cac loai riia theo dp cao. Cac loai riia phan bd nhilu nhlt d dp cao tir 200-400 m. Tuy nhidn, chira cd sir ehlnh lech dang k l vl phan bd ciia cae loai riia giiia sinh d n h rimg tu nhiln vl sinh canh sdng, sudi ven bd.

So vdi eac VQG tai d c tinh lan can thi sd loai riia tai Bach Ma gan tuong duong.

De cdng tac bao tdn khu hO riia can va riia nude ngpt eiia VQG Bach Ma dat hiOu qua, cin phai md rdng d c cude khao sat trong khu vue viing Idi va viing dOm ciia VQG Bach Ma de lam rd mdi quan h i giira su phan bd cua loai vdi eac dang sinh canh vl dp cao vd dua ra danh lue d c loai trong khu hO nia can va riia nude ngpt eiia VQG Bach Ma mdt each dly du va toan dien nhat.

TAIUEUTHAMKHAO

1. Cdng ude v l budn bin qudc t l d c loai ddng vat, thue vat hoang dd nguy d p CITES, www.cites.org.

2. Chinh phu nude CHXHCN ViOt Nam, 2006.

Nghi dinh sd 32/2006/ND- CP ve quin li tiiuc vat rimg, ddng vat rimg nguy cap, quyhiim.

3. Douglas B. Hendri, Biii Dang Phong, Tim McCormaek, HoIng Van HI vl Peter Paul van Dijk (2000). Sich hudng dan tin hinh luit vi dinh dang dc loai riia can va riia nude nggt Viet Nam.

4. Le Dien Due vd S. Broad, 1995. Investigation ofTorioises and Freshwater Turtle in Viet Nam.

5. Le Vu Khdi, Vd Vdn Phii, Ngd Die Chimg va Ld Trpng Son, 2004. Da dang sinh hgc ddng vat Vudn Qudc gia Bach Mi. Nxb Thuan Hda, Thira Thien - Hul.

6. LI Nguyen Ngdt, 2003. Ve thinh phan loii nia dmgt sd VQG vi khu BTTN ciia Viet Nam - Nhiing vin de nghiin cuu co ban tiong khoa hgc su sdng.

NXB KH& KT, Ha Ndi: 185-188.

7. Spinks, P Q. and Shaffer, H. B., 2006.

Conservation phylogenetics of the Asian box turtles (Geoemydidae, Cuora ) : Mitochondrial introgression, numts, and inferences from multiple nuclear loci Conservation Genetics.

8. www.asianturtienetwork.org.

9. www.asianturtienetwork.org.

10. www.sinhhocvietiiam.eom.

RESEARCH ON THE DIVERSITY OF FRESHWATER TURTLE AND TORTOISE FAUNA IN BACH MA NATIONAL PARK

Le Thi Dien, Ha Thi Nga, Le Doa:i Anh Summary

The freshwater turtle and tortoise fauna in Bach Ma national park (BMNP) is very diversity. The results show that fliere were at least 7 species belonging to 5 genera of 4 families found in BMNP. Six out of the 7 species recorded have been listed in lUCN Red list (2010), of which 2 species were bsted as CR (critically endangered): Cuora galbinifrons 2x^6. Cuora bourreti. All these species distributed in tiie altitude of 200400 meters, 6 out of 7 species (occupying 85.7%) were found in two major habitats: natural forest and along banks of streams and/or rivers. Geoemydidae was most with 3 species, followed by Trionychidae with 2 species, Platystemidae and Testudinidae have only 1 species each. The number of species of freshwater turtie and tortoise in BMNP are ahnost equivalent to those in other national parks in the north cenfral region of Vietnam. Beside 6 species recorded through specimens, 6 species have been reported through picture specimens by interviewing. Five out of 12 species reported are common, four species are uncommon and only one is rare that is Chinese three-striped box turtie {Cuora trifasciata).

Key word: Diversity, tortoise. 6-eshwater turtle. Bach Ma national park.

Ngudi phin biOn: TS. Ddng Thanh Hai

88 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 THANG 9/2011