NGHIEN CQru GlAO DUC NUCIC NGOAl
Khung nang lUc cua can bp tu van hpc tfUcfng Bang Florida - Hoa Ki
D 6 Thi Bich Loan', Mac Thi Viet Ha^
' Email, [email protected] ' Email; [email protected] Vien Khoa hoc Giao due Viet Nam 101 Tran Hilng Oao, Ha Ngi, Viet Nam
TOM TAT: Ngiy nay, tU vin hgc dudng trd thdnh mdt hogt dgng cin thiit trong nha trudng nhim hd trg va giup cho hgc sinh ndng cao hiiu biit vd bin thin, hoan cinh gia dinh, mil quan hi xa hdi, tU dd tdng cim xuc tich ctfc, ttf dua ra quyit dinh trong nhdng tinh huing khd khdn gdp phii khi dang hgc tmng nhd trudng. Can bd tu vin hgc dUdng cd vai trd dac bi$t quan trgng, cdn phii duac dao tao chuyen nghigp. "Khung ndng luc cua cdn bd tu vin hgc dddng' cua Bang Florida - Hoa Ki da dugc xiy dung dtfa trin md ti cdng vi$c cda cdn bg ttf van hgc dUdng, cic chuin quic gia, ddc thu cua Bang va nhiing kitqui nghien cUu thdc tiin. Bai viit t$p trung phdn tich khung ndng Itfc cOa can bd tu van hgc dudng Bang Florida - Hoa K) nhim chia si kinh nghiim cho Vi$tNam.
TLl KHOA: Khung nang lUc; tif vSn hoc ditjlng; Bang Floria - Hoa Ki.
•» Nhan bai 25/6/2019 • * Nhan kit qui phSn bign vS chinh siJa 15/7/2019 -> Duyet dang 25/8/2019,
1. Ddt vifn 66
Ngay nay, nhu cau dugc ho trg ve mat tinh than de phat tnen thuan Igi nhat ngay cang tra nen cap bach doi vai the h? tre. Vi v^y, tu van hgc duong tro thanh hoat dgng quan trgng trong cac tmong hpc, nham ho trg va gnip hgc sinh (HS) nang cao hieu biet ve ban than, hoan canh gia dinh, moi quan he xa hpi, tir do tang cam xiic tich cue, tu dua ra quyet dinh trong tinh huong kho khan HS gap phai khi dang hgc tai nha tmong [1]. "Tu van kT nang, phuong phap hpc tip hi$u qua va dinh hucmg nghg nghiep (tiiy theo cap hoc)"
[1] la nh&ng npi dung quan trgng trong tu van hgc ducmg.
Th\rc hi?n vai tro ciia minh vai 3 nhiem vu chinh la: Tu van huong dan nghe nghiep (vocational guidance); Tu van do luong tam li (psychometrics) va Tu van phat trien nhan each (personnality development) [2]. Cac chuyen vien tu van hgc duong phai dugc dao tao bai ban, chuyen nghiep.
Khung nang luc ciia can bp tu van hpc ducmg Bang Florida dugc xay d\mg dua tren cac chuan quoc gia va dac thu ciia Bang qua viec mo fa cong viec ciia can bg tu van hgc duong va nghien ctiu thuc tien. Bai viet t^p trung phan tich khung nang luc ciia can bp tu van hpc dutmg Bang Florida - Hoa Ki nham chia se kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam. Bdi viit Id sdn phdm nghien eiru etia di tdi KHGD/16-20.DT.002. "Gidi phdp phan ludng HS sau Trung hge cff sa", dugc tdi trg bdi Chuang trinh Khoa hge vd Cong nghf cap Quoe gia giai dogn 2016-2020.
2. Npi dung nghien ciifu 2.1. M^tsd khai niem
- Ndng luc: Theo Tii dien nSng lire ciia Dai hpc Harvard thi nang luc (Competency), theo thu|t ngii chung nhat, la
"nhflng thii" ma mgt nguoi phai chiing minh co hi?u qua trong vi?c lam, vai tro, chiic nang, cong viec, hoic nhi?m v\i. Djnh nghTa nay am chi true tiep ve tac nghi?p/hanh nghe
khi dien giai "nhung thii" nay bao gom hanh vi phii hgp voi viec lam (nhiing gi ma mgt ngudi noi hoac lam tgo ra kel qua bang su th\rc hien tot hay toi), dgng co (mgt ngucri cam thay the nao ve vi?c lam, ve to chtic ho^c vi tri dja If), va kien thiic/kl nSng ki thuat (nhihig gi mk mpt ngain biet/
chiing thuc ve su kien, cong nghe, nghe nghi?p, quy trinh thii tuc, viec lam, to chuc,...). Nang lire dugc xac djnh thong qua cac nghien ctiu ve viec lam va vai tro cong vi?c [3].
Tu van: Tu van - trong tieng Anh la "Consultation", di^rc xem nhu qua trinh tham khao ve loi khuyen hay sg trao doi quan diem ve van de nao do de di den mgt quyet dinh. Tu van trong Tir dien tieng Viet dugc dinh nghTa nhu 1^ si; phit bieu y kien ve nhiing van de dugc hoi den, nhimg khong co quyen quyet dinh, Hoat dpng nay phan nhieu dien ra duoi dgng hoi va dap [4].
- Tu vdn hgc du&ng: Tu van hgc ducmg la cong lac tu van cho HS trong cac ca sa giao dye nham hieu dugc # : diem va nhu cau dugc tu van ciia HS; Huong dan HS ffii quyet van de cu the ciia chi'nh cac em; Lang nghe vk tun hieu danh gia HS mgt each khach quan de ho trg cic em khi cac em gap cac van de trong hgc tap va cupe song. "Tu van hgc dudng" bao gom cac loai hinh sau: Co van, khuyen bao, huong dan, tu van (nghia hep), tham van/tarn Ii,...
- Tu v&n tam li cho HS (counselling): La su ho trg tam 11.
giiip HS nang cao hilu bilt ve ban than, hoan canh gia dinh.
mdi quan he xa hpi, tii do tSng cam xiic tich c\rc, t\r dua ra quylt djnh trong tinh hu6ng kho khan HS g$p phai khi dang hgc tgi nha trucmg [4].
- Nang l{rc tir van: N5ng li^c tu vin la thugc tinh c& nhan CO ban chdt sinh hgc, tam li va x3 hgi cho phep ca nhfin (*ii bilu y kiln vl nhftng van de dugc hoi din, nhung khong co quyin quylt djnh. Hogt dgng nay phan nhieu dien ra <Wi dgng hoi vi dip, nhSm thvrc hi?n thanh cong hogt dgng nhk dinh, dgt kit qua mong muon trong nhiing dieu ki?ti cy IK-
104 TAP CHI KHOA HQC GIAO DIJC VIET NAM
0 6 Thi Bich Loan, M^ic Thj Viet H^
•- Md hinh nang lyc (Competence Model): La mo ta t6 pp cdc kien thuc, ki nSng va d?ic dilm ca nhan (thai dp ban ian) can de hoan thanh t6t mpt vai tro hoac cong vi?c. Mo inh nSng luc nay dua ra nhihig tieu chuin nghi nghi?p cho fie chiic danh cong vi?c trong t6 chiic dua tran ba nhom eu chuin chinh: Phim chit hay thai do (Attihide), KI ang (Skills) va Kiln thiic (Knowledges). Benjamin Bloom 1956) dugc coi la nguai dua ra nhQng phat triln buoc diu IM6 hinh nang luc, voi ba nhom nSng luc chinh bao g6m:
/ Phim chit/Thai do (Attitude): Thupc vk pham vi cam lie, tinh cam (Aflfective); 2/ KI nang (Skills): KT nang thao ic (Manual or physical); 3/ Kiln thiic (Knowledge): Thupc e nang l\rc tu duy (Cognitive).
2.2. V^i net ve giao due d Bang Florida
Florida la mgt bang (hay edn ggi Id tieu bang) ndm vi ihia Ddng Nam Hoa Ki, rgng lan thii 22, dong dan thii 4
•k c6 mat do dan s6 dung thii 8 trong so 50 tilu bang cua loa Ki. Thu phii ciia Bang la Tallahassee, thanh pho Icm ihat la Jacksonville va vimg Miami la viing do thj Ion nhat 5]. Giao due a Florida gdm ca h? th6ng giao due cong lap 'a tu thyc vai nhieu loai hinh truong khac nhau. He thong
;ido dye pho thong cong lap (tu lop 1 den het lop 12) dupe 6 chiic theo hpc khu, dupe quan li bai h6i dong nha trucmg 'i Ting gifim thi (superintendents).
Nam 2013, Florida c6 2,692,162 HS nhap hgc trong ting i 4,269 trudng c6ng thuOc 76 hgc khu. T6ng so gifio vi§n GV) trong cac truong cong Ifi 176,537 vdi ti le GV/HS vao hofing 1/15 (ti le nay tren toan quoc la 1/16). So lieu nam 1013 cho thay, Bang nfiy chi binh quan/nam cho m§i HS la 1,433 do la, xep thii 42 trong cfi nudc. Ti le tot nghiep trong
ifin Bang la 75,6% [6].
2.3. Cdn ciir xSy dUng khung ning lire cua can bp ti/ v i n hpc ffiToiDg
2.3.1. Mo ta cong viec cua can bo til van hpc QtiUng Cfin bp tu van dugc coi Ifi mgt GV trong nha trucmg. Myc Su dau ti§n ciia cong tac tu van la khuyen khich, ho trg IS trong Bang phat trien lanh manh ve mat hgc tip, ca han, xa h^i vfi nghi nghidp. Can bO tu van co the giup HS nhieu each. Tuy nhi6n, nhftng c6ng viec dutii dfiy nfim ong chuang trinh tu vin hpe duang mgt each tofin di?n.
Chucmg trinh phfit triln HS bao g6m cac bfii hpc theo au tnic nhim giiip HS dat dupe nhftng nang l\rc nhu mong mon, cung nhu cung cip cho HS cac kien thiic vfi ki nang hii hgp voi miic do phfit trien ciia minh. Chuang trinh phat iln HS dugc giang day theo sudt chuang trinh tfing thi do ic cfin bg tu vin phoi hgp vcri GV trinh bfiy trong cfic 16p pc ho|c cac nhom. Hogt dOng cua cfin bg tu vin bao gom:
Giiip HS xay dung cac myc tieu cfi nhan vfi phfit triln cac I hogch tuang lai bao g6m cfic vfin de nhu gifii quylt xung )t, phdt triln gifi tri cfi nhfin vfi cfic mli quan tfim khfic lu; Dilu chinh vfin h6a, hgc mgt ngoai ngii mdi, nhftng in dl ve chiing tgc, giai ting xS hgi. su dyng cfic chit cim,
> lyc tii bgn b^..-
Tu vin hgc t|[p trong cfic ITnh vyc. lya chgn khoa hgc.
bien phap khac phyc tinh trang tut hgu, phuang phap tang tic xac dinh cac yeu cau tot nghiep, cfic yeu cau tuyen sinh sau tnmg hgc vfi cfic kl nang hgc tap.
Tu van - phoi hgp vai cfic nha quan li, G V va can bp trong viec dap ling cac nhu cau ciia HS, ciing nhu giai quylt cac vfin de ciia HS nhu: Bao luc, tu tu...
Danh gia HS - ting hpp cfic thong tin ciia HS dua vao file bfio mat, tir do xac dinh sip xep HS va cac chuang trinh hgc tap.
Gnip phu huynh HS - Gap ga phu huynh HS (dan le hoac theo nhom), cung cip thong tin cho phu huynh HS vl con emhp.
Gicfi thieu - gioi thi6u HS din cfic chuyen gia thich hop trong truong hoac ngoai cpng ding.
Gifii quylt van de/Dap iing can thiep - tham gia vfio nhom giai quyet van de cua nhfi tmong cimg vol cac chuy6n gia, su dyng h? thing du lieu liy HS lam trung tam dk danh gia tac dgng can thi^p ve mat hpc tap hoac hanh vi.
Lfip ke hogch quan li chucmg trinh tu vfin, phii hgp vai cac can bp, GV trong tmong, phu huynh HS, ben lien quan de thyc hien chuang trinh do.
Phfit trien nghe nghiep - giiip HS co nhan thiic, hilu bilt va CO du dinh ve nghe nghiep, thiet ke chuang trinh tu vfin nghi va lap kl hogch thyc hien chucmg trinh.
Dy gid, quan sat hanh vi va cac mli quan h?, tir do co phan hoi cho GV, HS va phy huynh HS.
Quan he cong chiing - thong tin cho can bg, GV, HS, phu huynh HS va cac thanh vien cpng dong ve vai tr6 quan trgng cua cfin bg tu van hgc dudng cung nhu tim quan trpng cua cac chucmg trinh tu vfin.
Nghien ciiu ve dia phucmg - xac dinh cfic d^c thii ciia cgng dong HS tai dia phuang.
Ra soat HS - phong van cfic HS mdi.
Sli dung dft lieu de chiing minh cfic tac dgng cvta chucmg trinh tu van doi vdi nhfi trudng vfi dii vdi HS.
2.3.2. Cac chuan ti/van hpc di/clng quoc gia
Khung nfing lyc can bp tu van hgc dudng cua Florida dugc xay dung dya tren cac chuan tu van hpc dudng quoc gia do Hiep hpi Tu van hgc dudng Hoa Ki (American School Counseling Association - ASCA) ban hfinh, dong thdi dya tren cfic ket qua nghien ciiu va dac thii ciia Bang.
Khung nang lyc dugc cap nhat thudng xuyen de theo kip nhflng thay doi theo xu hudng trong xa hpi vfi ITnh vyc giao dye. Nhiem vy trgng tam cua can bg tu van gom: NghTa vy doi vdi tat ca HS, trach nhiem ngay cang tang vdi tu cfich Ifi ngudi ho trg HS, trach nhigm cai thien viec hgc tap cho HS.
Ket qufi ciia chuang trinh tu vin ludn ludn lien quan din vi?c hgc tap ciia HS. Cfic chuang trinh tu van hgc dudng sa can thiep bit cii cfich nao cd thi dl HS cd khfi nfing hgc tap tot hon, dl HS thanh cdng va tham gia vao qua trinh hgct^p.
Nhftng nang luc vfi kl nang dudi day dugc coi la nhirng ngi dung cdt ldi ciia chuang trinh tu vin hgc dudng va cimg Ifi ca sd de xay dyng khung nang lyc cho cfin bg tu vin; KI
N G H I E N COrU GlAO DUC NUdc NGOAl
nang hpc tgp; KI nang lam bai kiem tra; Kha nang sii dyng ngudn luc; KI nang giai quyet van de; KI nang xa hgi vfi lien nhan each; KI nang lap ke hoach ve giao due va nghi nghiep; Long ty trpng; Ty tim kiem kien thuc; Y thiic vl nghe nghiep va kha nang tim hieu/kham pha nghe nghiep;
KT nang lam viec; KI nang giai quyet van de; KI nang gifii quyet xung dot; KI nfing giao tiep; Trach nhiem ca nhan;
Tham gia hoat dgng cpng ddng/Phat trien y thirc cong dan.
2.4. Khung nfing \\lo cua can hp i\i van hpc dtiUnq Bang Florida 2.4.1. Nang lilc ve lii van
- The hien kien thiic ve nhftng li thuyet tu van ca ban, - The hien kien thiic ve cfic mdi quan he gifta bfin sac van hoa, ca ttnh, viec hgc tap va cfic li thuyet ve sy phat trien cua con ngudi vdi cfic li thuyet ve tu van.
- Ap dyng cfic li thuyet tu van phii hgp trong nhiing tinh hudng cy the.
- Nhgn biet cac tieu chi trong viec lya chpn cac md hinh tu van thich hop de can thi?p ddi vdi timg cfi nhfin, vdi nhdm nhd va nhom ldn.
- The hi^n kien thirc ve qufi trinh tuang tac ca nhan trong nhdm nhd va nhdm ldn.
- Cd kl nang lanh dgo vfi cd cac bien phap kl thugt trong viec thiic day phat trien nhdm nhd vfi nhdm ldn.
- Cd kl nang ling nghe va tra ldi phii hop vdi cac ddi tuong.
- Xac dinh cac cfich tiep can tu van dua tren bang chiing phii hpp ddi vdi cfic nhdm doi tugng HS cy the.
- The hi^n kien thirc ve su phat trien ciing nhu hanh vi ciia con ngudi trong viec thiic day sy thay ddi tich cyc.
2.4.2. Nang life ve cac hoat dpng va cac chddng trinh trong viec gitii quyet cac van de hien tai
- Th6 hien kien thiic ve cfic chien lugc/kl thuat dua tren bang chiing trong viec thiic dfiy hpc tap, phat trien nghe nghiep, phat trien cac kT nang cfi nhan - xfi hgi cung nhu tham gia cfic hogt dpng cpng ddng.
- Thi hi?n kien thirc tu van gifii quylt khiing hoang (chang han: Sau cfii chfit cua ngudi than, sau thfim hga thien nhien...).
- Xac dinh nhung ngi dung cfin thilt de thyc hien chucmg trinh tu vfin (Vi dy: Giao dye nhan each, hudng dan each giai quyet van de, ngan chan bao lyc...).
- Xac dinh dugc cac hfinh vi cd nguy ca cao hofic gay nghien vfi cd cac biSn phfip can thiep phii hgp.
- The hien kien thiic ve cac chuang trinh tu van hpc dudng ddi vdi ldp hgc va cac nhdm ldn hon (ve cac van de nhu: Gifio due ve ma tiiy, ve sy an toan ca nhfin, gifio dye nghi nghiep).
- The hien kien thiic ve cac chuang trinh trg giiip ddng ding.
- The hi?n kien thiic ve hoat dgng ciia cac td chiic cd hen quan tgi Florida.
2.4.3. Nang li|c ve danh gid hpc sinh
- Thi hiSn kien thiic ve cac quan niem dfinh gifi ca bfin.
- Xac dinh dugc cfic yiu td cd the finh huong den hpat dgng, cung nhu kit qufi hgc tap ciia HS.
- The hien kien thiic vl cfic chiic nang ca bfin. diem mgnh, diem yeu cua cfic phucmg phap danh gia khac nhau.
- Xfic djnh cac phucmg phap phu hgp de tdng h ^ dugc du lieu tir cfic ngudn khac nhau.
- The hien kiln thiic bilt ap dyng kit qua danh gia tir cic ngudn khac nhau de nang cao kit qua giao due HS.
- The hien kien thirc vk sy phat trien nghe nghi?p va cic CO hgi sau trung hpc.
2.4.4. Nang lUc van dung cac li thuyel phdt trien nghe nghiep cdbdn
- Xac dinh dugc cfic hogt ddng tu vfin hgc dudng lien quan den nghe nghiep.
- Xac dinh cac each ra quyet djnh ddi vdi HS trong cic giai dogn khfic nhau cua sy phat trien nghe nghi?p.
- The hien hieu biet ve cfic ngudn, chfing hgn nhu ket qua dfinh gifi HS, duac su dyng ttong phat trien nghe nghidp.
- Dien giai cac du lieu danh gifi HS cd lidn quan dSn phai trien nghe.
- Xac djnh cfic hogt ddng thich hgp de tao dieu ki?n thu^
Ipi cho HS tim viec lam va cho viec hpc tgp sudt ddi.
- The hifn kiln thuc ve cfic ngudn thong tin lien quan den cac ca hdi phat trien nghe nghiep.
- Xfic dinh cfic phuong an giiip HS lua chgn cac hxiimg hpc tiep len trung hpc va sau trung hgc.
- The hifin kidn thuc ve cac nguon trg giiip tfii chinh doi vdi cac ca hgi gifio dye.
2.4.5. Nang ldc ve td van, hdp tac va dieu phoi - Xac dmh cac thanh td cdt loi ciia md hinh tu van.
- The hien kien thiic ve chien lugc hgp tfie vdi cac ddi tac de giiip HS dgt dugc thanh cdng.
- The hien kien thiic ve viec ra cac quyet djnh hgp tic ciing nhu sir dyng cac du lieu va ngudn thich hgp de ho tr?
cac ca nhan, cac nhdm vfi trong viec cai thi?n mdi tmong hgc dudng.
- Xac dinh cac thii tuc can thiet vfi cd nhQng chien lirt^t phii hpp de giiip HS chuyen ddi.
- Lya chgn cac each thiic hi?u qua de cung cap thong tin cho cfic ben Hen ddi (nhu: Website, email, hgi thao...).
- Xfic dinh cac each tiep can vfi cfic ngudn phii hpp de cd cfic quyet dinh gidi thieu phii hgp trong vfi ngoai nhi trudng.
- Xac dinh cac phuang phfip hieu qua de trinh bay vfi cic Igi ich vfi toan bd chucmg trinh tu vfin hgc dudng tdi cic ben lien ddi.
- Cd nfing luc chuyen mdn, hieu biel ve da vfin hda, djo due trong vi?c Igp ke hogch, td chirc, thuc hi^n, danh gii w cfii thi?n chucmg trinh tu vin hgc dudng oigt each toan dipi
2.4.6. Nfing ldc ve chuyen mdn, dao ddc va phip luat - Thi hi?n kien thirc ve cfic chuan muc dgo diic va {Aip luat lien quan din cdng v\qc tu vfin.
106 TAP CHI KHOA HOC GlAO DIJC VIET NAM
u o ini Dicn Loan, iviac ini v i p i n a
The hien kien thiic vl cac chuan chuydn mdn vfi dgo diic Hiep Hdi Tu van Hoa Ki va Hipp hdi Tu vfin Hpc dudng Hoa Ki.
Thd hi?n kien thiic vk cfic quyin Igi phfip li cua HS, phu huynh HS/ngudi bao trg (Vi dy: Dao luat vl Quyen giao dye va Quyen rieng tu ciia gia dinh, Dgo lugt ve Trach nhiem Bao hiem siic khde, Dao lufit Cai thi?n Gifio dye cho Ngudi khuyet tat).
- The hien kien thiic ve cac luat lien quan den nhiing HS CO nhu cfiu dac biet.
- Thi hi?n kien thiic vl vai trd ciia tu van vien nhu mgt ngudi benh vyc vfi lanh dgo de thiic day, hd trp su thanh cong ciia HS trong tnrdng va cpng ddng.
2.4.7. Nang ldc ve td van hpc tap
- Xac dinh cac chiln lugc hieu qufi dl thuc diy nhan thiic ciia HS ve cfic yeu ciu tdt nghi?p, quy trinh tuyin sinh dai hpc, hgc bdng vfi cfic ca hpi sau tmng hpc khac.
- Diln giai dft lieu danh gia hpc tap dl sfip xip HS mgt each phii hpp vfi dam bao tien bp cho tat ca cac HS.
- Xfic dinh cfic cfich tilp can de hd trp HS lya chgn khda hpc dl chuin bi cho cac ca hpi giao dye hofic viec lam sau trung hpc,
- Xfic minh cfic bipn phap can thiep cd hp thdng thiic day cong bing va cac co hgi tidp cfin.
2.4.8. Nang ldc ve nghign cdu, danh gia va theo ddi chddng trinh - Thi hien kiln thiic ve trfich nhiem gifii trinh vfi phuang phap nghien ciiu.
- Ap dung cac kit qufi danh gia, nghien cim dd xac dinh rauc tieu ciia chuong trinh,
- Thi hien kiln thiic vl kT thuat danh gifi nhu ciu.
- Thi hien kiln thiic vk myc dich, cac loai hinh vfi cfic budc CO bfin trong danh gia chuang trinh cung nhu cac hogt dpng thyc hien theo chuang trinh.
- Thi hien kiln thiic ve gifi sfit qua trinh va bao cao ket qua cho cac ben lien quan,
2.4.9. Nang ldc sd dung cpng nghe Ihich hpp
- The hien kien thiic ve su dyng cdng nghp trong vipc tiep c|n, qufin li, luu trft, bfio cfio vfi tmyen tai thdng tin ciia HS.
- The hien kiln thuc vl sii dyng cdng ngh^ trong lap ke hogch, td chiic,thuc hipn, danh gifi vfi cai thipn chuang trinh tu vfin hpc dudng mgt each toan dien.
- Thi hipn hieu biet ve nhirng Icri ich vfi han che ciia viec ap dyng cac cdng nghe khac nhau.
2.4.10. Nang ldc thich dng trong da dang van hda va xa hpi - The hien kien thiic ve nhiing thay ddi va xu hudng xa hpi da van hda va da nguyen khi phat trien va dieu phdi chuang trinh tu van hgc dudng.
- The hien kien thiic ve cfic dgc diem, nhu cau va cfic van de ciia cfic da dang cfic nhdm HS.
- The hien kien thiic thuc hien qua trinh tu van ddi vdi cfic nhdm HS vfi gia dinh cd van hda khac nhau,
- The hien kien thiic ve trach nhiem cua ngudi tu van de giai quyet cac thanh kien.
- Xac dinh cac chien lugc bao gdm logi bd cfic thanh kien, dinh kien va su phan biet ddi xii trong trudng hgc va cdng
3. Ket lu$n
Tu van hgc dudng cd vai trd quan trgng nham giup HS giai quyet nhirng khd khan trong cac van de khac nhau nay sinh trong hgc tap, trong hogt dgng hudng nghiep, trong cac mdi quan he (vdi ban be, thay, cd giao, ngudi than...) d bat k! thdi diem nao,
(3 Viet Nam, cdng tac nay chua thyc su cd hieu qua, Nguyen nhfin ehu yeu la do trinh dp chuyen mdn vfi nfing lyc hoat dgng cua ddi ngu can bg lam cdng tac tu van chua dfip ling yeu cau thuc tien, viec dao tao ngudn nhan luc phuc vu cdng tac tu van hpc dudng chua dugc chii trong. Nam 2018, Bd Giao dye va Dao tao da ban hanh "Chucmg trinh bdi duong ndng lue tu vdn cho GVphd thdng ldm edng tde tu vdn cho HS"' [7] nhfim giiip cho GV phd thdng lam cdng tac tu van cho HS cd nhan thiic dimg ve cdng tac hr van cho HS va nam dugc nhimg kl nang co ban cua hoat dgng nay dl tu vin, hd trg cho HS phd thdng. Tuy nhien, trong bdi canh ludn thay ddi, dac biet khi trien khai chuang trinh gifio dye phd thdng mdi, cdng tfie tu van hgc dudng cang cd trd nen cin thiet hcra, ddi hdi ddi ngii can bp tu van chuyen sau, cd du nang lyc, dugc dfio tao bai ban ngay tir trong cfic trudng dai hpc su pham. Khung nang lyc ciia can bg tu van hgc dudng Bang Florida - Hoa Ki se Ifi tai lieu tham khfio quy cho cac nhfi quan li, cac nhfi giao dye van dung de xay dyng chuang trinh dfio tao GV tu vin hgc dudng phii hgp vdi bdi canh kinh te, xa hdi vfi van hoa Viet Nam.
Tki lifu tham khao
[1] Bp Gifio dye va Dfio t^o, (2017), Thong lusd 31/2017/
TT-BGDDT ngdy 18 thdng 12 nam 2017 Huang ddn thitc hien cong tac tu vdn tdm li cho hgc sinh trong tnrdng phd thong.
[2] Le Son, (2018), Nhiem m cua tu vdn hpc duang, Hpi Khoa hgc Tam li Gifio dye,
Nguon: http7/www.idealvn,com/nhiein-vu-cua-tu-van- hoc-duoiig.htoil, tmy cap ngfiy 24 thing /8/ nam 2019.
[3] Harvard University, Competency Dictionary https;//www.
seas.harvard,edu/sites/default/files/files/Human%20Re-
sources/Harvard%20Competency%20Dictionary%20 Complete.pdf.
[4] Pham Thanh Binh, (2004), Nhu cdu tham vdn tdm li hgc ducmg ciia hgc sinh trung hgc ca sa, Luan an Tien si Tam Ii hpc, Tmdng Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi.
[5] https ://vi.wikipediaorg/wiki/Florida, tmy cap ngay 15/7/2019.
[6] https://ballotpedia.org/Public_education_in_Florida, truy cap ngay 15/ thang 7/ nam 2019.
[7] Bp Giao due va Dao tao, (2018), Quylt dinh sl 1876/
S620thSng8/2019 107
NGHIEN COTU GlAO DUC NlTdC NGOAI
QD-BGDDT ngay 21 thing 5 nam 2018 v l viSc ban hanh Chuang trinh boi dudng ndng luc tu vdn cho gido vien pho Ihong Idm cong tac tu vdn cho hgc sinh.
Florida Department of Education, (2017), Competencies requyredfor teacher certification in Florida, 24"' edition, updated Oct 16, 2017.
Florida Department of Education, (2010), Florida 'school Counselling framework.
[10] D ^ g Thanh Hung, (2012), Nang Ivc vd gido dgc theo r/ep c^n ndng/(«;, Tgp chi Quan li Giao dye, so 43, tr. 18- 26.
[ U ] Dang Thinh Hung - E>6 Thi Bich Loan, (2019), Tiiu chudn lua chgn gido vien tu vdn vd gido dgc hudng nghidp a trucmg trung hgc ca sa, Tgp chi Khoa hpc Giio dye Vi?t Nam, s l 15.
THE COMPETENCY FRAMEWORK OF SCHOOL COUNSELORS IN FLORIDA, USA
Do Thi Bich Loan', Mac Thi Viet Ha^
' Email, bichloan1095@ginaiLcom
^ Email; macvietha72@9mail com The Vietnam Nationai Institute of Educational Sciences 101, Tran Hung Dao, Hanoi, Vietnam
ABSTRACT: Today, school counseling becomes a necessary activity in the schools to support and help students improve their understanding of themselves as well as family situations and social relationships, thereby increasing positive emotions and making decisions by themselves in difficult situations encountered at schools and their lives. School counselors, therefore, are needed to be professionally trained. In Florida (USA), the "school counselor competency framework' has been developed based on the school counselors' Job description, the national standards, the State characteristics and the practice research results. The paper focuses on analyzing the competence framework of school counselors in Florida (USA) with the aim of sharing experiences for Vietnam.
KEYWORDS: Competency framework; school counseling; Floria State (USA).
108 TAP CHi KHOA Hpc GIAO DIJC VIET NAM
