L^JuUiiuiH

K H O A H O C COIMB IMBHE

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THUeTRANG XAM LAN CUA HAI LOAI BI M BI M , . HOA VANG CMerre/n/a do/s/ana;

L^JuUiiuiH

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TAI BAN OAO SON TRA, THANH PHOOA NANG

TOMTAT:

Bim bim hoa vang (Merremia boisiana) va Bim bim hoa tring (Merremia eberhardlii) cdn gpi lit cay bim bdi hay lang rung thuoc ho Bim bim (Cdnvdlvulaceae) lit 2 loin thuc vat xam Ian nguy hai gay anh hudng Idn din cac Ioai cay rung Chung bao phu trin 920ha tai b,in dao Sdn Tra vii tren lOOOha tai rung Nam ' ThS. Gidng v,en nudng BH Ndng Ldm-BH Hue ' Sinh vien lap QLTNR42, uudng BH Ndng Ldm- BH Hue.

> f^o Th, ,\i„ih Phuang'. U Th, Hod,,,; Huv'

Hat Van Toc do phai t n i n va lay lan nhanh (6-6,4cm/ngay), smh khii tuoi 21-25tin/ha, kha nang phat tiin vd ttii sinh hat, chii, r i diu lot Bim bim hoa vimg phai trien tot d dd cait tu 300-900m, Bim bim hoa iring phat trien tot d do cao dudi 300m sd vdi muc nudc biin Viec lim giai phtip tieu diit loiii bim bim thfch hop van cdn la vin d i nan qiai vdi Cd quan chuc nang cua thiinh phi Dit Ning Bien phap xu ly bim bim cd hieu guii nhil tai Da Nang hiin nay lii biin phiip thti cong, dao tan gic, bam nhd, phai kho va dit Muii an bao hda (NaCI) khong cd tac dung vdi loiii nay, chi lam anh hudng din mdi trudng va cac loiii thuc vat khac

Tit khoa Thuc vat xam Ian, bim bim, Bim bim hoa vang, Bim bim hoa triing, ban dao Son Tra

llmgilloilranii! Iss

I

K H O A H O C C O N G IMBHE

l.DATVANDE

Trong nhung nam gan day rung tai khu vuc ban dao San Tra va Nam Hai Van thuoc khu vuc quan ly cua chi cue Kiem lam thanh ph6 Da N^ng dang bi de dpa bdi nhieu loai thue vat xam l4n. Nhung loai nay thudng la thuc vac ngoai lai cd toc do sinh truang nhanh, khong ken dat, kha nang tai smh bang hat, bSng choi dSu tdt Chung iam anh hudng den su smh rrudng va phat tnen cua cay rung va he smh thai ban dia nai day, lam giam chuc nang phong ho va san xuat cua rung Bim bim hoa vang (Merremia boisiana) va Bim bim hoa trang (Merremia eberhardlii) thupc ho Bhn bim (Convolvulaceae) la hai loai Ihuc vat xam lan nguy hai, gay anh huong Ion den rung d ban dao Son Tra va Nam Hai Van Toe do phat inen va lay lan nhanh eua eac loai thuc vat xam thue nay lam anh hudng bat loi den smh trudng va phat tnen cua cac loai cay rung dang la bai toan khd trong cong tac quan ly bao ve va phat tnen rung tai Da Nang Bai vi§t neu thuc trang xam lAn eua 2 loai thuc vat Bim bim hoa tr^ng, Bim bim hoa vang mot trong loai thuc vat xam thuc tai ban dao San Tra, TP Da N^ng

II.DOITirUNG.PHAMVIJ NGHIEN CIJU 36 l!inifli\l(iilriraii!f

i l DUNG VAPHl/aNG PHAP

L Doi tumg vd phgm vi nghien evtu Nghien euu ve thuc trang xam lan cua hai loai Bim bim hoa vang (Merremia boisiana) va Bim bim hoa trang (Merremia eberhardlii) thudc hg bim bim (Convolvulaceae) tai ban dao Son Tra thanh pho Da N&ng

2. Ngi dung nghien citu

Dac diem smh vat hoe cda hai loai Bim bim, thuc trang xam lan va tac hai cua hai loai Bim bim hoa vang (Merremia boisiana) va bim Bim hoa tr&ng (Merremia eberhardlii) cai ban dao Son Tra. de xuat giai phap cieu diet va han chd d4n muc chap nhat su xam lan cua cac loai thuc vat xam thue

3. Phumg phdp nghien cvtu

Quan sat thuc te, dieu tra hien trudng theo tuyen va 6 lieu chuan; didu tra sinh khoi theo 6 dang ban, cac 6 dang ban dugc lap theo phuang phap ng^u nhien 6 cae v; tri khac nhau (Bim bim hoa tr^ng 6 vi tri chan ntii do cao duoi 300m; Bim bim hoa vang d VI trf chan va sudn nui do cao tir 300-900ni so vdi muc nudc bien), sinh canh khac nhau (trong rirng tu nhien; doc cac tuy^n dudng du lich . ), dien tich moi 6 4m^ (2m x 2m) Moi loai lap 8 6 dang ban. Thu gom tat ca sinh khdi day leo bim bim trong 6 dang ban (bao gdm ca goe. re, than, la Tien hanh can va xac dinh sinh khoi tuoi.

Theo ddi toe do sinh trudng bSng each danh dau va do ehigu dai nggn eay, 2 ngay do 1 lan

HI. KET QUA NGHIEN CUfUVA THAO LUAN 7. Dgc diem thuc vgt hgc vd sinh thai hgc ciia hai lodi Bim bim

Bim bim hoa vang (Merremia boisiana):

Bim bim la loai thuc vat day leo idn, dudng kfnh than ed the dat 20-25cm, thupc ho Bim bim (Convolvulaceae) La mau xanh th§m, hinh tim to 10-15em, la moc each gan chan vit Hoa hinh chuong mau vang. Qua nang, ron hat eo long, hat mau hai nau La ioai cay ua sang, hieu suat quang hap eao, sinh trudng nhanh, mge de len tan eay xung

K H O A H O C COMB IMGHE'' quanh. Mua ra hoa thang 4-6. kit qua thang

6-8. Cay tai stnh bing hat. chii. re, than diu tdt. Phat tnen t i t d dd cao 300-1500m so voi muc nudc bien.

Bim bim hoa tring (Merremia eberhardlii):

Lit Idiii day led tudng tti nhu Bim bim hda vang nhung cd nhua mij trSng. La hinh tim to 15-20cm. toim than vii la dUdc bad phti mpt ldp long min man trgng bac. phat trien tot d do cao dudi 300m sd vdi muc nutJc bien.

hoa hinh chuong mim tring, Hai loiii day leo nay cd nguin gic d dad Hai Nam. khu tu tri dan tpc Choang (Quang Tay), Van Nam Trung Quoc. Hiin chting phan bo nhiiu tj Trung guoc. Liio. Campuchia, Viet Nam.

Phuong thuc lay lan ctia hai loin bim bim Day leo bim bim xam nhap vao nudc ta vin chuc nam trudc day mcc dudi chan dio Hat van Hien nay chung xuit hiin dnhiiu noi nhu Lao Cat. Lang son. Vudn guic gta Bach Ma, Nam Dong (Thua Thiin Hui), Ninh Thuan Thiinh pho Dii nlng lit dia phuong cd dien tich xam ISn nhiiu nhat. Then gia dinh cua cac chuyen gia, day lee bim bim xam nhap vao Viet Nam bing nhieu can dudng khac nhau nhu: Hat gidng trgi theo ddng nudc tir Trung Qudc vi Viet Nam, theo hiinh khach til Trung Qucc van Viit Nam; theo ngudi dan thay cay cd hoa dep mang v i tring, hoac theo chim ya cac loiii dting vat di cu,

2. Thuc trgng xim lin vi tic hgi cua hai loii Bim bim hoa ving (Merremia boisiana) vi Bim Bim hoa trang (Merremia eberhardlii) tai bin tio San Tra

Thuc trang xam lin

Theo thdng ki chua day du din diu nam 2011 tat khu ban ton thiin nhien Sdn Tiii dien tfch bim bim bad phu hon 920ha Tai rung dac dung Nam Hiii Van khnang trin lOOOha.

tai rung Bii Na Ntii Chua khdang 40-50ha' Ngaiii ra bim bim cdn xuit hiin rai rac tai Ciic khu rung o htiyen Hba Vang thanh phi Da Ning

Tac hai cua bim bim

Bim bim la loin thuc vit xam lan cd tit

nhteu tac haii. chting phat tan rit nhanh b t a g hat, chdl, r i vii than Chung led phij len cac Idai cay rung khac de canh tranh anh sang Do tan la rong ya day dac n i n da che kfn khdng gfan. khien tham thuc vat b i n dudi bi chit sau mgt thdi gian thiiu anh sang Ldp thuc vat ehet tau nen ldp la kho rat d l gay chay riing. Liim suy thoat mdi trudng tu nhien. de doa den su t i n tat va phat trien cua cac loai biin dia. liim giam da dang sinh hnc ctia khu vuc,

Vdi tdc dc phat tnen nhanh day led bim bim can met lugng chat dmh dudng ldn d i sinh trudng, phat tnen Vi vay dit rtmg bi anh hudng. su cd mat cua bim bim con lam tang chi phi tring rtmg, va chi phi san xuat

Toc do stnh trudng vii stnh khii cua hai loiii bim bim tat ban dac Sdn Tra thimh phi Da Niing

Tai ban dao Sdn Tra, day leo bim bim phat t n i n rat manh, dan xen nhtiu tang, Idp, phan bd nhiiu d tung tu nhien va dpc theo cac tuyin dudng du hch Tuy vay, mil Idai bin-i bim khac nhau thi cc tic dc smh trudng vii sinh khdi khac nhau Kit qua nghien ctiu cho thay viid thdi gian diiu tra cuii xuan diu ha (til thang 3-5) tic do stnh trudng va sinh khoi tudi cua hai Iciii bim bim d cac vi tri khac nhau la khdng khac nhau dang ki, bang 1

Bing I. Tic do smh truing va smh khii ctia hat loai bim bim lgt bin dio Sm Tri

(Nguin: si lieu iieu tra ndm 2012) Vdl toc do sinh trudng nhanh. mil ngay ngon cay vuon dai 5-7cm, smh khii ldn 21-25 tan/ha, cung vdi kha nang tat sinh rat l i t ke ca than, choi. ri. hat. hai loin bim bim da tao thiinh Idp p h i day kin. canh tianh hit khcng gian dinh dudng. khd cd loai thuc vat nao cd the canh tranh duac, dac biet la thuc vat than gc ban dia cn tic do phat trten cham Tti kit BrnijillGJIriiDiig 1 3 7

I

K H O A HOC C O N B IMC3HE qua d bang 1 cd t h i nhan thay Ioai Bin-i bim hoa trang cd toc do sinh trudng nhanh hon Bim bim hoa vang 0,45cm/ngay, la Ioai Bim bim hoa trang cung to va day hon Iai dudc phu mot fdp ldng trang mm. Sinh khdi tUdi dat dUdc cua Bim bim hoa tring (25 tan/ha) Idn hon Bim bim hoa vang rat nhiiu (21 t i n / ha) Tuy nhien. Bim bim hoa tring chi xuit hiin d dd cao dudi 300m. trong khi Bim bim hoa vimg xuit hiin lien tue til dd cao 300m den 800-900m so vdi muc nudc bten,

3. BS xuit giii phip tieu diet va hgn che den mic Ihip nhit su xim lin cua cic loii thttc vii xam thttc

Cac biin phap xu ly bim bim da thuc hien tat ban dad Sdn Tia

Bim bim dugc xac dinh la Idiii thuc vat x,1m lan nguy hiim, can Icai u u Thiinh phi Da Nang da dua la nhiiu bten phap tieu diet t n i t d i Idai day leo nay Nam 2008 Sd Nong nghiep vii PTNT thiinh phi Dii Ning xu ly thi diem 40 ha bang phudng phap thti cnng (dao lan goo. bam nhd. phdi kho va dit) dat kit qua kha quan. Nam 2009 Bo chi huy quan su xu ly tiep 10 ha cung bing phudng phap t h i cnng Den nam 2010 kiem tra lai cac ndi da xti ly hiu nhu khdng cd tiii sinh chdi nhung van con hien tttdng tai sinh hat, Diiu nay Chung tc dien tich xu ly nam 2009 chon thdt diim Xil ly chua phu hop (khi guii da chin), vo iinh phat tiin hat, nin vin cdn tinh trang liil smh hat Nam 2010 va 2011 Bn chl huy quan su thiinh phi phii hdp vdi thiinh ddim vii cac ddanh nghiep du lich trin dia ban xu ly 178ha vii 485ha bim bim, kii qui tudng ddi ldt Riing nam 2011 Sd NN&PTNT thanh phd cd thi diim xu ly bing muii an (5kg/gic) nhitng khdng dal kit quia

Di xuat giai phap neu ditjl va han chi din muc thap nhat su xam lin cua ciic Idiii thuc val xam Ihuc

Qua nghien cuu thuc t i cho thiy day leo bim bim la Ioai thuc vat xam lin co tic dd phiil trien nhanh, kha nang tin sinh va phiit tan lot ca iiat ISn co guan dtnh dudng Vi vay.

38 HiiiftUlGilrrai!

giai phiip de tteu diet va han chi su xam lin cua Chung gap nhiiu khd khan Tat ca cac bien phap hda hdc va sinh hgc de tieu diit bim bim d i u chua duoc nghten cuu diy du Dten tich xam fan cua bim bim quii ldn (gan lOOOha tren biin diio Son Tra), Vi viiy, viec xti ly bang hoa hoc hay stnh hoc cung deu phiit ciin nhac d i n yiu tc 6 nhiem moi trudng vii iinh hudng den ciic lnai khac Viiy trudc hit can phiil nang cao nhan thtic cua ngudi dan vi tac hai cua bim bim, v i ciic vec to truyen g^ing cd the cua bim bim (phijl pin hat, than, re nhd gid, nudc, ddng vat,,.) de mil ngudi dan biit d i canh giiic vii ngan ngua ttr dau

Hiin tai chi'nh quyin. ciic CO quan chiic nang ya cac nhii khda hpc kit hgp vdi cac to chuc quoc te trong va ngoiu nudc dang xiic tlin nghiin cuu bien phap loai bo bim bim thi phuang phap thu cdng vin duoc tip dung khi xu ly phiii chu y d i n mua vu vii thai diem, Nen chtjn iriua cay chua co quti chin, it gio de han chi din muc thip nhit kha nang phat tan lay lan cua bim bim Cac diljn tfch sau khi xti ly nin tring cac loiii cay sinh irudng nhanh de ban chi su tiii smh cua bim bim, IV. KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHj

I. Kit luin

Bim bim hda vang va Bim bim hda tring la 2 Idai thuc viit xam Ian nguy hiim, chung xuat hten tai Da Ning tu vat chuc nam trudc.

Tuy nhten. trnng nhung nam gin day chung phat trien nhanh da ban phu hdn 920ha thunc

K H O A H O C COIMB IMBHE'' biin dao Stjn Tra vii lOOOha thudc rimg Nam

Hat Van- Tdc do sinh trudng cua Bim bim hoa vang la gan 6cm/ngay (phiit trien t i t a do cao ttr 30O-9O0m). Bim bim hoa tring la 8 4cm/

ngiiy (phiit men t i t d do cao dudi 300m so vcii muc nuoc biin). Sinh khoi tuoi cua Bim bim hoa vang lit 21tinrtia. Bim bim hoa tring lii 25tan/ha. Kha nang phat t t a hat. tiii sinh Choi, tiii smh hat cua chiing d i u t i t Biin phiip Xll ly bim bim cd hieu qua nhit tai Da Nang hten nay lii biin phiip thij cpng, dim tan goe, bam nhd, phot khn vii dit. Muii an biid hda (NaCI) khdng cd tac dung vdt bim bim chi lam iinh hudng xiu d i n mdi trudng va cic loin thuc vat khac

2. Kten nghi

Hat kiem lam Iiin quan Son Trii - Ngu Hanh Son kit hop vdi ciic ban nganh, t i chtre tuyen truyin chd ngudi diin, du khach nhung tiic hui cua day lee niiy giiy ra da anh huong xau din rtmg va sinh thiii not day de gdp phan vao cong die phdng triinh su lay Ian cua Chung

UBND TP Dii Ning chu dong kit hop vdi cac chuyen gia, ciic nhii khpa hgc cac trudng dai hdc ti-dng vii ngnin nudc d i tim ra bten phiip tteu diit bim bim thich hdp nhit khong anh hudng den mei trudng ma kmh phi thip tidng diiu kiin chd phip cua thimh phi

Tham khiin Ciic bten phap da tung xu ly trin thi gidi d i tip dung neu diit ciic iciii thuc vat xam Ian nhiim tim ra biin phiip thich hdp lie heu diet met d i bim bim

lAILlfU THJM KHAO:

1, Cue Ban vi mot trtrdng, Biio ciin nghiin cuu vii diinh giii ting quan vi smh viit la xam lan 0 Viit Nam Trong khudn khd nhiim vu N155,5 1 "Hd ird xay dung chiin luoc ngan ngua vii kiem seat stnh vat la xam lin d Viit Nam"

2, Cue bad ve mdi trudng Cac leiii ngnai Iai xiim hai

tidng http //mw™ nea gpv vn/hlml/ngdai Iai_xamhai/Bidday2001.hlm

3 lUCN (2(103) Sinh vgt ngogi lai xam hat:

StJxim lang thim ling fUCN Viet Nam vii Viin Stnh thiii vii Till nguyen Sinh vat, Hii Ndi

4, Pilgrim, J D vii Nguyin Due Tu (2007) Thing tin ca si vi cic loit bj de doa vi cic loa, ngogi lai Igt Viet Nam vi cic ii xuil cho not dung cua Lugl Ba dang Stnh hgc. Bio cio trinh Vu Mo, truing, Bi Tit nguyen vi Mii truing.

Hii Ndi, Chuong trinh BirdLife Quic t i tai Viet Nam

INVASIVE STATUS UF THE TWO SPECIES: Merremia boisiana and Merremia eberhardlii IH SON TRA PENISUU, DA NANG CITY

Vo Thl Minh Phuong, Le Thi Hoang Huy

Summary:

Merremia boisiana and Merremia eberhardtti- belong to Convolvulaceae family they are dan- gerous invasive plantsto the flora of forest They cover more than 920ha in Son Tra Pen- insula and more than 1,000 ha m the South- ern part of Hai Van Pass They have high rate of develdpment and spread (6-6 4 cm/day) With the fresh abdve grdtind biomass ol 2 1 - 25tons/ha, high capability m regeneration from seeds, buds and rdots Merremtaboisi- ana growth well at the height from 300-900 while Merremia eberhardlii highly develop with the height under 300 above sea level Find- ing the suitable Sdlutidns tn eliminate this twd species is really hard task for functinnal agencies in Da Nang city The most effec- tive solution now is the manual Wdiks which are lake up the roots, slide mid pieces, dned dUt in the sun and then burn Saturated salt (NaCI) dees not have any effect with this iwo species. It only harms the environment and dlhet planls

Key worrd: Invasive plants. Merremia boisi- ana, Merremia eberhardlii, Son Tia Penisula

Ngua phin bun: TS Nguyin Vdn Do, Ngiy nhin bii- Thing S/20I3 Ngiy phin hen thong qua: Thing 6/2013 Ngay duyel ding: Thdng 7/2013

Ulin!! (s llii (riijiij 1 3 9