• Ky niem 75 ndm Cdch mang Thdng Tdm (19/8/1945 -19/8/2020)
vd Quoc khdnh nu&c Cdng hoa xd hpi chu nghia Viet Nam (02/9/1945 - 02/9/2020) 25
CACH MANG THANG TAM NAM 1945 - Ttr GOC NHIN TRIET HOC MAC - LENIN
T S . PHAM HUYNH MINH HUNG''
T6m tat: Bdi viit khdi qudt bdi cdnh lich su nu&c ta trong nhung ndm nira cudi thi ky XIX.
ddu the ky XX. du&i su thong tri, dp birc cua thuc ddn Phdp gan v&i su kipn Ho Chi Minh ra di tim ducmg cieu nu&c - bu&c ngogt dua Ngu&i den v&i chu nghia Mdc - Lenin, sau do sdng lgp vd ren luypn Ddng Cpng sdn Vipt Nam. Bdy Id chuoi su kien ddn den thdnh cong cua Cdch mgng Thdng Tdm ndm 1945. Tren cas&do, bdi viet tiep can Cdch mgng Thdng Tdm ndm 1945 tir goc nhin triet hgc Mdc ~ Lenin tren mpt so vdn de ca bdn, nhu vi mdi quan he bien chieng giiia nhdn td chu quan vcd dieu kipn khach quan, ve quy lugt mdu thudn vd quy ludt lugng chdt, ve vai tro cua qudn chung nhdn ddn.
Tir k h o a : Cdch mgng Thdng Tdm nam 1945; Ddng Cpng sdn Viet Nam; Ho Chi Minh; triit hgc Mdc - Lenin
I
So lug-c boi canh lich sir va buoc ngo^t su- Iden Ho Chi Minh ra di# t i m dudng cihi nu'd'c
Ngdy 31/8/1858, thuc dan Phap nd siing xam lupc Vift Nam, md ddu bang sy kifn tdu chidn Phap tan cdng vdo ban ddo San Trd, Dd Nang. Trudc su uon hen, bac nhupc, timg budc dau hang thye ddn Phdp cua ttieu dinh nha Nguyen, cac phong trao yeu nudc chdng thye dan Phdp ty phdt lidn tyc nd ra vdi nhidu khuynh hudmg, con dudng, bifn phdp, quy md
<*'Dai hpc Quic gia Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh Khoa hoc chinh tri - So 6/2020
khac nhau ttdn pham vi todn qudc. Tidu bidu la phong trdo ddu tranh theo he tu tuong phong kien sau khi cd chidu Can Vuong cua vua Ham Nghi (13/7/1885), nhu: cudc khdi nghta Huong Khd (1885-1896), khdi nghia Ba Dinh (1886 - 1887). Cdc phong ttdo ddu ttanh cua ndng dan, nhu: khdi nghTa Yen The do Hoang Hoa Tham lanh dao d vung tmng du phia Bac;
d midn Nam cdc cudc khdi nghia do Nguydn Trung True, Tnrong Cdng Djnh,... da tgo dugc tidng vang Idn, gay nhidu tdn thdt cho thuc dan Phdp. Tuy nhien, cuoi cung tat ca cac phong frdo trdn ddu thit bgi vd bi thuc ddn Phdp dim ttong bidn mau.
26
• ^ y niem 75 nam Cdch mgng Thdng Tdm (19/8/1945 - 19^8/2020) vd Quoc khdnh nu&c Cpng hoa .xd hot chu nghia VietNam (02/9/1945 - 02^'-^/^^'-^^
Dau thd ky XX, phong frdo ydu nudc chdng thuc dan Phdp cua nhdn ddn ta chuyen din sang khuynh huang dan chii m sdn. Tieu bidu Id cdc phong frao: Ddng Du, Ddng Kinh NghTa Thye, Duy Tan, Vift Nam Quang phuc hpi,... gdn vdi tdn mdi ciia cdc sy phu ydu nude, nhu Phan Bgi Chdu, Phan Chu Trinh. Dac bift, sy ra ddi va phat tridn mgnh me ciia Viet Nam Qudc ddn Dang - td chiic chinh tri tieu bieu cho khuynh hudng tu san gan lidn vdi cudc khdi nghTa Yen Bdi do Nguydn Thai Hgc Id lanh ty. Tuy nhidn, cdc phong frao frdn ciong bj ddn dp va that bai.
Cd the ndi, ddm trudc ciia sy kien hgp nhat ba td chiic cgng sdn de dua ddn vifc thanh lgp Ddng COng sdn Vift Nam ngay 03/02/1930, tit cd cdc phong ttdo yeu nudc cua nhan dan ta ddu ldm vdo bd tic va khung hodng. Nguyen nhan thdt bgi Id do hgn chd ve nhgn thirc; chua xdc djnh dugc hudng di, myc tidu, doi tugng, phuang phdp,... dap ling theo ydu cau khdeh quan cua dan tOc. Tuy that bgi nhung cae phong ttdo ydu nude ddu cd dugc nhimg gid tri ljch sii nhdt djnh, da khdng djnh tinh thin ydu nudc, y chi qugt cudng, cam thii gigc sau sac cua nhan dan ta vd cdng lao eua cdc lanh ty phong ttdo. Tir sy that bgi ciia cdc phong ttdo ydu nudc chdng thye dan Phdp, cd thd nit ra kdt lugn rang: nhiing khuynh hudng ttdn khdng phu hgp vdi lich sir, hoan canh dan tgc Vift Nam Iiic bay gid.
Trudc tinh cdnh nudc mat nha tan, ddi sdng cua quan chiing nhdn dan ca cyc, lam than do s\r thdng tri, dp biic, nd djch ciia thue dan, phong kidn; sy bd tac vd dudng Idi cua cdc phong trao ydu nudc dnh hudng sau sac den nhdn thirc vd thdi thiic ngudi thanh nidn ydu nudc Nguydn Tit Thanh quydt tdm ra di tim dudng cim nudc. Ngay 05/6/1911, tgi Bdn cdng Nhd Rong, sy kifn Nguydn Tdt Thdnh ra di tim dudng ciiu nudc da danh diu khdi ddu vd m duy ddi mdi, phat trien, tgo ra budc ngoat vT dgi khdng chi dnh hudng true tiep ddn cuOc ddi hogt dgng cdch mang eiia Nguydn Tat Thanh - Nguydn Ai Qudc - Hd Chi Minh, md cdn quydt djnh ddn vgn mfnh ddn tOc vd nhan ddn ta, Idm "rgng rd ddn tOc ta, nhan dan
ta vd non sdng ddt nudc ta"t'\ Bdi vi, sau khi ra di tim dudng ciiu nudc, Nguyen Ai Quoc da ddn vdi chu nghia Mac - Lenin; tidp thu dnh sdng ciia chu nghia Mdc - Ldnin, van dyng mgt cdch sdng tao, tdi tirtii vao didu kidn, hoan cdnh cy thd eua nudc ta vd lanh dao phong trao each mang Vift Nam di tii thing lgi nay den thdng Ipi khde. Ljch sii edch mang Vift Nam vdi nhimg mdc son ehdi loi, dd la: Ddng Cpng sdn Vift Nam ra ddi vao ngdy 03/02/1930, da lanh dao cdeh mgng Vift Nam va dinh cao Id Cdch mang Thang Tdm nam 1945 thdnh cdng, gdn vdi s\r kifn H6 Chi Minh long ttpng dge bdn Tuyen ngdn dgc lap trudc qudc dan ddng bdo, khai sinh nudc Vift Nam Dan chu COng hda.
Didu ndy cho thdy, day Id sy ly:a chpn ciia Uch sir, cua dan tOc vd nhan dan Vift Nam. Vifc Hd Chi Minh den vdi ehu nghTa Mdc - Lenin Id mong mudn ehii quan ciia Ngudi, nhung cimg chinh la sy phdn dnh cdi khach quan, nam bit dupe cdi tit ydu va xu thd vgn dpng cua ljch sir. Ddng Cfng sdn Vift Nam lanh dgo nhan dan ta thue hifn cugc cdch mgng dan tOc dan chu nhdn ddn thanh cong, le dT nhidn, Ddng se ttd thdnh ddng cdm quydn vd dua ddt nude ta di theo con dudng xa hpi chii nghTa.
2. Thing Ipi cua Cdch mgng Thdng Tdm nam 1945 - tir goc nhin triet hpc Mdc - Ldnin Mpt Id, moi quan hp bipn chdmg giira nhdn to chu quan v&i dieu kipn khdeh quan
Trong cdc cuOc each mgng xa hOi, nhdn to chil quan va didu kidn khach quan Id nhiing ydu td vd Cling quan ttgng. Xdc dinh diing ddn cdc ydu td nay cd y nghTa to ldn ddi vdi vifc dua ra nhimg quydt dinh diing dan vd ddm bdo cho sy thdnh cdng ciia each mgng. Bdi cdnh trudc va ttong Cdch mgng Thang Tam nam 1945 d nudc ta ddu hgi ti^ day dii cdc nhan td chii quan vd didu kifn khdeh quan cdn thiet dd tien hdnh tdng khdi nghTa, gidnh chinh quydn.
Vd nhan td chu quan: do Id sy kifn Dang Cgng sdn Vift Nam duge tiidnh lap vd lanh dgo nhan ddn ta. Qua 15 nam lanh dao, Ddng khdng ngimg tiudng tiidnh nhanh chdng, nang lyc lanh dgo vd siic chidn dau dugc ndng cao, ban ITnh
Khoa hoc chinh tn - So 6/2020
• Ky niim 75 ndm Cdch mgng Thdng Tdm (19/8/1945 -19/8/2020)
vd Quoc khdnh nudc Cgng hoa xd hgi chu nghia Viet Nam (02/9/1945 - 02/9/2020) 27 chinh tri ngdy cdng vimg vdng, tim nhin chidn
luge ngdy cang sau rOng hon. Ngodi ra, vai trd quin chiing nhan dan ciing Id nhdn td chii quan khong the bd qua. Ldng ydu nudc ndng ndn Id gid tri truydn thdng cdt loi cua dan tfc; su cam thil thuc dan va phat-xit, phong kidn vd be lu tay sai ttd thdnh dgng l^c tinh than to ldn; tinh than edch mgng va mOt ldng theo Dang vdi rudm tin tat thang Id siic mgnh vd djch. Tat cd cdc yeu td ndy da hinh thdnh moi quan he mau thjt giiia Ddng vd nhdn dan, hda quyf n chgt che vao nhau, tgo ndn sue mgnh ndi sinh vi dgi.
Vd dieu kifn khdeh quan: dd la bdi eanh thd gidi va ttong nude dien bidn nhanh chdng tiieo hudng cd Ipi cho cdeh mgng, Id thdi ca chin muoi dd tidn hdnh tdng khdi nghia gianh chinh quyen ve tay nhan dan. Dd la eye difn Chien ttarih the gidi lan thir II dang di vao kdt thiic vdi chien thang ttdn cdc mat ttgn cua phe Dcing minh, ttong khi do, chu nghia phdt-xit ndi chung, phdt-xit Nhat ndi rieng dang di den hdi cdo ehung.
Hai Id, vdn di xdc dfnh cdc mdu thudn trong Cdch mgng Thdng Tdm ndm 1945
Boi ednh xa hOi Viet Nam trudc, ttong va sau Cdch mgng Thdng Tdm nam 1945 tdn tai nhidu mau tiiuan phiic tgp, chdng cheo, dan xen va dien bidn nhanh chdng. Trong dd, cd nhung mdu thudn dugc xdc djnh la mdu tiiudn ca bdn, ddi khdng vd chii yeu, mOt khi gidi quydt ttidt de se ldm thay ddi cue difn cdch mgng Vift Nam, thay ddi thih canh ddn tOc va dja vj ciia nhdn dan ta. Cac mau thudn cd thd kd ddn:
- Mdu thudn giiia todn the nhan ddn Vift Nam vdi ke thu xdm luge Id thye ddn Phap vd phdt-xit Nhgt; Id bgn tay sai, phdn dOng; Id qudn Tudng, quan Anh, niip bdng quan Anh Id qudn Phdp dang nham nhe quay lgi xam luge nudc ta lin nua. Dd gidi quydt mdu thudn nay, ngodi ket hgp d i u ttanh ehinh tii vdi ddu ttanh ngogi giao thi tit ydu phdi bdng con dudng bgo lyc each mgng, tidn hanh khdi nghTa vu ttang vd trudng ky khdng chidn dudi sy lanh dgo ciia Dang COng san Vift Nam.
- Mdu thudn giua kd thii vdi nhau. Trudc khi
didn ra Cdch mang Thdng Tdm nam 1945, mau thuin giiia th\rc ddn Phdp vdi phdt-xit Nhdt ma dinh didm Id su kien Nhdt ddo chinh hat cdng Phdp d Dong Duong ngdy 09/3/1945. Dd la mau thudn giiia quan Phdp vdi qudn Tudng, mau thudn ttong ngi bO quan Phdp ciing nhu nOi bO quan Tudng vdi nhau ngay sau Cdch mgng Thdng Tam nam 1945,... Mac du day ddu la cdc mdu thuan vd franh gidnh Igi ich d nudc ta cua cdc Iuc lugng ngoai bang, nhung ed didm tuong ddng, "ke thii chung" do la Dang COng sdn Vift Nam, Id Vift Mmh, Id cdch mang.
Chung sdn sdng thda hiep, cdu kdt vdi nhau, diing fram phuang nghin kd dd chdng phd each mang Vift Nam.
Dinh cao nghf thugt ngogi giao eua Ddng Id da khdn kheo xir ly mgt edch linh hogt, uy^n chuydn frong tinh cdnh thii frong gidc ngodi,
"nghin can tteo sgi tdc". Tiiy vdo hodn cdnh, didu kifn thi^c td, Ddng cd nhimg ddi sdch phu hpp, kd cd hda hoan nhan nhupng, lay tTnh che dOng, lay nhu khdc cuang, bien nguy thdnh co.
Vide Dang xdc djnh cdc mau thuan de de ra sach luge, phucmg phap, budc di phii hgp da phdt huy hieu qua ttong thue td. Qua dd dgt dugc nhiing myc dich, y nghTa quan ttpng, the hifn thifn chi hda binh; dong thdi, vgeh ttdn da tam xdm lupe vd sy lat Igng, phdn hda ke thii,... ddc bift Id ttanh thu thdi gian hda hodn ngan ngiii, vd cimg quy bau dd chudn bj luc lugng todn difn tidn hdnh tiirdng ky khdng Phdp ddy gian khd, hy sinh. Ddy Id didu chic chdn khdng thd ttdnh khdi da duge Ddng nhdn djnh. Bdi vi, ttong khi thd ta chua viing, Iyc ta cdn ydu thi ke sdch tdt nhit Id kiem chd, tt-anh ddi ddu cimg mOt liic vdi nhidu ke thii. Dd la ly do vi sao ttong qud trinh dam phdn, Dang da nhdn nhugng cd nguyen tde dd ky Hifp dinh So bO (ngdy 06/3/1946) vd Tgm ude (ngdy 14/9/1946).
Ba Id, vipc vgn dung nhuan nhuyin quy lugt lugng - chdt trong Cdch mgng Thdng Tdm ndm 1945
Su tich liiy vd lugng de dua ddn sy ra ddi ciia chit mai dupe tiid hifn qua qud tiinh chudn bj lyc lugng vd tini ren ttong tiiyc te tii cdc cuOc Khoa hoc chinh trj - So 6/2020
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• ^ v niem 75 ndm vd Quoc khdnh nii&c Cpng hoa xa
Cdch mang Thdng Tdm (19/8/1945 - 19/8/2020) hgi chu nghia Viet Nam (02/9/1945 - 02/9/20-0) dau tranh, nhat la qua ba lan tap dugt cao trdo
cdch mgng (1930 - 1931; 1936 - 1939; 1939 - 1945). Trong dd, cd nhiing Iiic phong ttao cdch mang bj tdn thit ndng ne, roi vao thoai trdo, didn hinh la phong ttdo Xd viet Nghd ITnh 1930 - 1931. Tuy nhidn, qua dd, Ddng da nit ra nhidu bdi hgc kinh nghifm dd khdng ngimg trudng thdnh va Idn mgnh ttong lanh dao each mgng, ttong tgp hgp khdi dgi dodn kdt todn ddn tOc vd ndng cao nhdn thiec chinh ttj cua qudn chiing nhdn dan.
Ngoai ra, vide nhdn difn "didm niit" vd thuc hifn thao tdc "budc nhdy" ttong Cdch mgng Thdng Tdm ndm 1945 rat ddng chii y, the hifn sy quydt dodn, ban ITnh chinh tri, nhdn quan chidn luge ciia Ddng: (I) Vd "didm mit": dd la xdc djnh thdi eo ehin mudi ngdn nam cd mOt, xde djnh luc lugng, lya chgn thdi diem, chdp thdi CO kien quydt thuc hifn cupc tdng khdi nghTa: (2) Vd thuc hifn "budc iihdy": do Id cupc tdng khdi nghTa gidnh chinh quydn vd tay nhan dan ttdn phgm vi todn qudc thdnh cdng.
Cy thd, Ddng va Chu tich Hd Chi Mmh lua chpn tidn hdnh tdng khdi nghTa ttong khodng thdi gian rdt ngan, cdp bach vd vd eiing quy bdu.
Boi cdnh dd Id phdt-xit Nhgt lidn tyc that bgi, Nhat hodng tuydn bd dau hang qudn Ddng minh (ngdy 14/8/1945) ddn den qudn Nhdt tgi Ddng Duong td lift, rfu ra, mdt tinh than chidn ddu;
ddng thdi, quan Ddng minh chua kip vdo lanh thd nudc ta dd gidi gidp quan dOi Nhdt. Vi vay, can cd quydt dinh diit khoat, quydt lift dd tidn hanh tdng khdi nghTa. Dd Id menh If nh thieng lieng ciia dan tdc da didm. Khodng thdi gian ngan ngiii ndy chinh Id "diem niit" dd chuydn phong ttdo cdch mang Viet Nam sang trang sii mdi chua timg cd nhu Hd Chi Minh da nhdn djnh: "Liic nay thdi co thudn lgi da tdi, dii hy sinh tdi dau, du phdi ddt chdy cd day Tmdng San Cling phdi kien quyet gidnh cho dugc dgc lap"'-' vd "Gid quydt djnh cho van mfnh dan tOc ta da ddn. Toan qudc ddng bdo hay dimg day dem siic ta ma ty giai phdng cho ta... Chiing ta khdng thd chdm tre"'". Ngay 13/8/1945, Uy ban khdi nghla do Tdng bg Vift Minh thdnh
lap ra "Quan Ifnh sd 1" hg Ifnh qudc dan dong bao cd nudc dung ldn tdng khdi nghTa. Ngay 19/8/1945, Hd NOi khdi nghia tiling M ; ngdy 23/8/1945, khdi nghia d Hud gidnh thang Ipi;
ngdy 25/8/1945, Sdi Gdn gidnh chinh quydn.
Chidu ngdy 02/9/1945, tgi vudn hoa Ba Dinh, Ha NOi, Chii tjch Hd Chi Minh tiiay mat Chmh phii Idm thdi tiinh ttgng mydn bd tiordc qudc dan dong bdo vd todn tiie gidi tiiii tidu che dO phong kidn da tdn tai hdng nghin nam, chd dO thye dan tdn bao hon 80 nam d nudc ta, thdnh lap nudc Vift Nam Ddn chu COng hda vd "D6 Id mgt cuOc thay ddi cue ky to ldn frong ljch sir cua nudc ta"*"**.
Bdn Id, khdng dfnh vai tro cua quan chiing nhdn ddn trong Cdch mgng Thdng Tdm ndm 1945
Quin chiing nhdn dan Id mgt frong nhung nOi dung quan frgng ciia chu nghTa Mac - Ldnin, dupe lugn giai mOt cdeh khoa hpe fren ca sd qudn trift sdu sdc chii nghTa duy vgt bifn chimg va chu nghTa duy vat Uch sii vd vai ttd cua con ngudi frong tidn trinh ljch sir, la ydu td can bdn quydt djnh sy phdt trien ciia lye lupng sdn xuat.
Quan chiing nhdn dan Id bO phdn cd chung Igi ich can ban, bao gdm nhimg thdnh phdn, tang ldp vd giai edp lidn kdt lgi thanh tap thd dudi sy lanh dao ciia mOt cd nhdn, mgt td chiic hay mgt ddng phdi, nham giai quydt nhiing van de kinh td, chinh tri, xa hOi eua mgt thai dgi nhdt djnh.
Nhu vay, qudn chiing nhan ddn Id chii thd, Iyc lupng CO ban, ndng cdt cd tac dgng, anh hudng true tidp den mpi qud trinh kinh td, chinh tri, van hda, xa hgi, dau tranh giai cdp,... Vai ttd ciia qudn chiing nhdn dan thd hifn d ba vdn dd CO bdn: (1) Ld chii thd igo ra mgi ciia cdi vgt chat, bdo ddm eho sy tdn tgi va phat tridn ciia xa hgi; (2) Ld ngudi sdng tao nen cac gid tri ddi sdng van hda tinh thdn da dang, phong phii; (3) Ld lyc lugng ca ban, chii ydu ttong cac cupc each mang xahpi.
Quin chimg nhdn dan la lyc lugng ca ban va chii yeu quydt dinh sy thdnh cdng ciia cde cuOc cdch mang xd hgi ndi chung, nhihig cudc cdch mgng dau ti^nh vi ndn dgc lap ciia dan tOc ndi
Khoa hpc chinh trj - S6 6/2020
• Ky niem 75 ndm Cdch mgng Thdng Tdm (19/8/1945 -19/8/2020)
vd Quoc khdnh nu&c Cpng hoa xd hgi chu nghia Viet Nam (02/9/1945 - 02/9/2020) 29 ridng. Dgc bift, ede cuOc cdch mgng xa hOi dudi
SV lanh dao cua ddng cgng sdn cdng khdng thd thieu vai ttd vd siic mgnh cua quan chiing nhan dan. Bdi, "Khdng cd su ddng tinh va img hO cua dai da s6 nhan lao dOng ddi vdi dpi tidn phong ciia minh, tiic Id doi vdi giai cip vd sdn, thi each mgng vo san khdng thd th^c hidn dupe"***.
Vift Nam Id qu6c gia cd vi tri dja Iy rdt dfc dao. Lung dua vdo day Trudng Son vd gan lien vdi lyc dia A - Au rOng ldn, mat tidp gidp bien Ddng vd xa hon Id Thdi Binh Duong. Yeu td dia - kinh te ed mpt khdng hai nay la thugn Igi Idn cho giao thuong, nhat Id dudng bd, dudng bien. Didu ndy lidn quan tryc tidp ddn ydu td dja - ehinh tri. Day la mOt ttong nhung nguydn nhdn dan tdi vifc cac thd Iuc cudng quyen bdn ngodi ludn nhdm ngd nude ta. Bdi, mdt khi nim duge dja ban nay thi se khdng ehe duge cd khu vyc Dong Nam A vd cd the cd chdu A - Thdi Binh Ducmg. Vi vdy, frong sudt hdng nghin nam dung nudc, dan tOc ta da phai gdng minh diu ttanh chdng giac, giu nudc. Chinh ttong didu kifn lich su nay, tinh than bat khuat, y chi qudt cudng, ldng yeu nudc cua nhdn ddn ta ddn dugc hun diic va kdt tinh thdnh gid tri tmydn thdng - gid tri hdng diu chi phdi todn bf he gia tri cua dan tOc ta nhu Chii tjch Hd Chi Minh khdi qudt:
"Ddn ta cd mOt ldng nong nan yeu nudc. Dd Id mOt tmydn thdng quy bdu cua ta. Tir xua ddn nay, mdi khi Td qudc bi xam ldng, thi tinh thdn ay lgi sdi ndi, nd kdt thanh mdt ldn sdng vd ciing mgnh me, to Idn, nd ludt qua mgi sy nguy hidm, khd khan, nd nhin chim tit cd lii bdn nudc vd lu cudp nudc"'^*. Ddng ciing khdng djnh: "Dan tgc ta Id mOt ddn tdc anh hung, cd y chi vuon Idn manh lift; nhdn dan ta cd long yeu nudc ndng nan, cd tmyen thdng dodn kdt va nhan di, cdn cu lao dOng va sdng tao, ludn ung hO va tin tudng vdo sy Idnh lanh dgo ciia Ddng"*'\ Dd eiing Id sy tidp ndi gia tri tmydn thong ciia ddn tOc Viet Nam ttong thai dgi mdi - thdi dgi Hd Chi Minh - thoi dai ma todn thd dan tOe ta dudi sy lanh dgo eua Dang vd Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh phdi tien hdnh cuOc each mang dan tgc ddn chu nhdn dan chdng Igi nhirng ke tiiu xam luge himg mgnh.
Phdt huy truyen thdng yeu nudc ciia nhdn dan ta, Ddng da xae djnh thii vii khi vgt chit to Idn cd thd "xoay ttdi, chuydn dit" chinh Id sire mgnh cua qudn chiing nhdn dan. Ndu khdng cd su vung ldn nhu nudc vd bd ciia qudn chiing nhan ddn, thi chae chdn khdng thd thdnh cdng.
Dd Id siic mgnh nOi sinh cua todn dan tgc, eua nhan ddn Vift Nam vdi tinh than "Quydt tir cho Td qudc quyet sinh".
Nhd cd duge mdi quan hf gan bd chat che giiia Ddng vdi quan ehiing nhan ddn, nen Ddng da tgo ndn budc ngoat cdch mang vT dai. Bdi vi, Ddng COng san Vift Nam Id mgt dang edeh mgng, ngay tir khi ra ddi, muc dich tdn chi ciia Ddng khdng cd gi khdc ngoai myc dich chien ddu, phuc vy, ddng hdnh cimg nhan ddn ttong mpi hodn ednh; ngugc Iai, nhan dan mft Idng tin tudng, dugc su lanh dao, diu ddt ciia Ddng, dau ttanh xda bd xieng xich cua sy dp biic, bdc lot, bdt cong nham gianh dOc lap dan tOc vd gidi phdng giai cap. Tinh dan tdc, nghia ddng bdo dudi su lanh dgo ciia Dang da dupe phdt huy cao dO ttong bdi cdnh hdt siic dgc bift, khi thdi CO chin mudi nghin nam cd mOt da den, phdi dem siic ta md gidi phdng cho ta. Vi vdy, Ddng da nhanh chdng quy ty, tap hgp dupe luc luong vdt chdt bao gdm cdc giai tang, cdc lyc lupng khde nhau, khdng chi ndng dan, cdng nhdn, dan ngheo thanh thj, binh linh, tiig thuyen, ma ca cdc ting ldp ydu nudc, tidn bd khac, nhu nhdn sT fri thirc, tidu thuang, tieu chu, dja chii, than hdo, tu sdn dan tdc,... Tat cd kdt thdnh khdi dgi dodn kdt todn dan tgc Idm nen cuOc cdch mang vT dai vdi ket qud Id dOc lap cho Td qudc, tu do cho ddng bao. Bdi, "Mgt dan tgc da gan gdc chdng ach nd Id cua Phdp hem 80 nam nay, mOt ddn tOc da gan gdc dung vd phe Ddng minh chdng phdt xit mdy ndm nay, dan tOc do phdi dupe ty do!
Dan tOe dd phai dupe dOc Idp!"'^'.
Hien nay, su nghidp ddi mdi dat nudc dang di vao chieu sau vd dat duoc nhidu thdnh tuu to Idn, quan ttgng tren nhieu ITnh vuc: kinh te khdng ngimg tang tmdng nhanh va ben vung, chinh tri dupe giii vimg vd dn djnh, hpi nhdp qudc te ngdy edng sdu rOng, Idm cho thd vd lyc
Khoa hoc chinh trj - So 6/2020
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• Ky niem 75 nam Cdch mgng Thdng Tdm (19/8/1945 - 19/S/2020) vd Quoc khdnh nu&c Cpng hoa xd hoi chii nghia Viet Nam (02/9/1945 - 02/9/2020) ciia Vift Nam khdng ngiing dugc ndng cao, ddi
sdng vat chdt va tinh than cua nhan ddn khdng ngimg dupe edi thifn. Tuy nhien, nhiing khd khan, thdch thiic ddi vdi dit nudc khdng he suy gidm ma cdn gia tdng. Dgc bift, bdn nguy co md Ddng da xac djnh ttong tihieu nam qua anh hudng tryc tidp den sy tdn vong cua ddn tpc vd ehd do vdn tdn tgi. Chinh vi vay, nghidn cim vd Cdch mang Thdng Tdm nam 1945 khdng chi dimg lai d vifc khang dinh tam vdc, y nghTa ljch sir, nhiing bdi hpc kinh nghifm sau sac, md quan ttgng han la phdi kd thira, van dyng sdng tgo vao hodn cdnh, tinh hinh thuc td ciia ddt nude ttong giai dogn hidn nay. Cy the:
Thu nhdt, trong qua trinh ddi mdi, khi dat nudc dang cd dupe nhung thugn Ipi hon so vdi Uch sir, cdng ddi hdi Ddng phai kien djnh myc tieu dOc lap ddn tOc gdn lidn chii nghTa xa hOi;
phdi kidn djnh nhdt nguyen chinh tri, lay chii nghTa Mdc - Lenin vd tu tudng Hd Chi Minh lam ndn tdng tu tudng, kim chi nam cho hanh dOng each mgng cua Ddng, ddng thai phai ddm bdo vai ttd lanh dgo myft ddi vd loan didn ciia Ddng. Ddng COng sdn Vift Nam dugc ttang bj chu nghTa Mdc - Ldrun, tir nhan ddn md ra, vi nhdn ddn md chien ddu, tit dd vai frd ciia Ddng khdng thd bj thay thd bdi bdt ky mdt luc lugng dang phdi ndo khdc. Tuyet ddi khdng thd da nguydn chinh tri, da ddng ddi lap.
Thu hai, vide xdc djnh mau thudn frong Cdch mang Thdng Tdm nam 1945 la bdi hpc kinh nghifm quy bdu ttong bdi cdnh Vift Nam dang day mgnh hgi nhdp qudc td sau rOng. Ngdy nay, the gidi dang ttong qud trinh toan cdu hda vdi nhung ydu td thudn lgi vd khd khan, thdi CO vd thdch thiie eung tdn tai; cdc mdi quan hf song phuang vd da phuang ma d dd ludn cd sy dan xen giiia hgp tac va ddu tranh; vifc xdc dinh ddu Id ddi tugng, ddu la ddi tac dd cd chidn luge ngogi giao phii hpp dang Id xu the eiia thdi dgi.
Nhirng mdu thuan, xung dpt, bdt dn chinh di vd tham ehi Id khiing hodng chinh tn giiia cdc quoc gia, ddn tpc d nhidu khu vyc ttdn thd gidi dang tao ndn nhirng nguy co tidm dn khd ludng. Qua gan 35 nam ddi mdi, ddt nudc ta budc dau dat
dugc nhidu thanh tyu co bdn, cd y nghTa ljch sir. Tuy nhien, nhihig hgn che, bit cgp, chua phu hgp ve co chd, chinh sdch tgo ndn nhung
"didm nghen" cdn ttd su phat trien cua qua trinh ddi mdi vd hOi nhdp qudc td. Nhimg bidu hien suy thodi ve tu mdng chinh tn, dao diic, Idi s6ng, "tiJ didn bien", "ty chuydn hda" ttong mOt bO phgn edn bO, dang vidn chua dugc ngan chgn, khdc phyc trift dd. Mat khdc, cac thd lyc thii djch khdng ngimg ra siic chong pha, nhdt Id ttdn mat ttdn chinh tri tu tudng, vdi nhieu phuang thiic, thu doan thdm dpc, tinh vi nham xda bd vai ttd lanh dao cua Ddng, phd hogi khdi dgi dodn kdt todn ddn tOc, hudng ddn thay ddi the che chinh tri va sir nghifp qud df ldn chii nghTa xa hpi d nudc ta. Vi vdy, vifc xdc dinh cac mau thuan: mdu thuan ben ttong vdi mdu thudn bdn ngodi, mdu thuan chu ydu vdi mdu thudn thii yeu, mdu thudn ddi khdng vdi mdu thuan khdng ddi khdng,... cdng ddy dii, chinh xdc se giup Ddng va Nhd nudc cd sy ehu dOng ttong hoaeh djnh, xay dung dudng ldi, chu trucmg, co chd, chinh sdch phu hpp vdi thye tien va thuc hifn thanh cdng cdc myc tidu dgt ra.
Thir ba, ttong qud trinh ddi mdi ddt nudc cdn ra sire ddy mgnh phat tridn luc lupng sdn xudt gin vdi thidt lap quan hf sdn xudt phii hgp Id van dd cd tinh chidn luge vd xuydn sudt ciia Ddng. Theo dd, md rOng va gia tang sdn xuat hang hda, thye hidn ndn kinh td thi trudng, nhdt Id dudi tac dOng manh me ciia cupc Cdch mgng cdng nghifp 4.0 dd tgo ra vd tich liiy day dii nhiing tidn de vat chdt can thidt, dua ddt nudc phdt trien nharih vd bdn vimg, ddm bao djnh hudng xa hgi chii nghia. Ddy Id net dgc thii vd thd hifn bdn chat uu vift ciia chd dO xa hgi chii nghia d nudc ta.
Thir tu, cung vdi xu tiid todn ciu hda, Vift Nam day manh hOi nhgp qude td sdu rOng ttdn tinh than mudn Id bgn vdi tit cd cdc nuac ttdn did gidi, khdng phan bift tiid chd chmh tti, sdn sang khep lai qua khir hudng tdi mong lai, thdm bgn bdt thu; Id ddi tae tin cgy vd Id thdnh vidn
(xem liep trang S2f Khoa hpc chinh tri - S6 6/2020
