HOAN THIEN QUY DINH VE TOI MUA BAN N G U O I TRONG BO LUAT HINH SUT VIET NAM
LeXuan Luc
Tdm tat: Bdi viit tap trung phdn tich nhUng vdn de ly ludn co bdn ve Tpi mua bdn (buon ban) ngudi trong Bo ludt Hinh su Viet Nam vi khdi niim, cdc ddu hiiu phdp ly ciia tpi pham ndy. Tic nhicng phdn tich, so sdnh vd doi chiiu quy dinh vi Tpi mua bdn ngicdi trong Bo ludt Hinh su Viet Nam vdi quy djnh cua Nghi dinh thu vi ngdn ngica, trdn dp vd tricng tri hdnh vi buon bdn ngudi, dac biit Id phu nic vd tre em vd quy dinh cda Bp ludt Hinh su mot so nudc, bdi viet dua ra cdc kiin nghi nhdm hodn thien Bp ludt Hinh su Viet Nam hien hdnh ve Toi mua bdn ngudi.
Abstract: The article analyses fundamental theory of human trafficking crimes under Vietnam's Penal Code regarding the concept, legal signs of the crimes. On the basis of analyse and comparison of such crimes in Vietnam's Penal Code and Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children and some countries' Penal Codes, it provides proposals to improve Vietnam's Penal Code relating to human trafficking.
Dat van de
Trong giai doan hien nay, ciing vdi qua trinh hdi nhdp ngay cdng sau rdng vdi the gidi, vdn d l budn bdn ngudi da vd dang dien ra mot each hSt siic phuc tap. Theo sd Heu thdng ke trong 9 nam tu ndm 2004 dSn nam 2013, Toa an cac cdp da xu Iy 1.430 vu;
tmy td 2.815 bi can v l Tdi mua ban phu nir (trudc kia) va Tdi mua ban ngudi (hien nay). Chi rieng nam 2012 da xir ly 196 vu, truy td 413 bi can, trong do nan nhan chii ylu cua tdi pham la phy nir vd tre em . Sd lieu tren cho thay, sd vu pham tdi mua ban phu nu (trudc kia) va mua ban ngudi (hien nay) la rat ldn.
Bd ludt Hinh sy (BLHS) la cdng cu quan trpng trong viec ddu tranh, phdng chdng tpi pham ndi chung, trong do cd Tdi
* ThS.,Tru6ng Dai hpc Ki^m sat Ha Noi.
' S6 ti?u cua Cue thing ke tQi pham - Vifin kilm sat nhan dan t6i cao nam 2013.
mua bdn ngudi. Cac quy djnh eiia BLHS nam 1999 (stra ddi, bd sung ndm 2009) ve CO ban da tao hanh lang phdp ly quan trpng de cac CO quan nhd nudc co thdm quyen xii Iy ddi vdi hanh vi mua ban ngudi. Tuy nhiSn, trong bdi cdnh Tdi mua ban ngudi ngay cang diSn ra mdt each phiic tap, ben canh do viec Viet Nam da phe chudn Cdng udc cua Lien hgp qudc vS chdng tdi pham cd td chiic xuyen qudc gia va Nghi dinh thu ve ngdn ngua, tran ap va trimg tri hanh vi budn ban ngudi, dac biet la phu nir va tre em thi viec nghien cuu vdn de sua ddi, bd sung BLHS ve Tdi mua ban ngudi cho phu hgp vdi phdp ludt qudc te va tao ra co ehe phdp ly hieu qua trong ddu tranh, phdng chdng tdi pham nay la cdn thiet.
1. Khai niem va cac dau hieu phap ly ciia Tpi mua ban ngudi trong Bp ludt Hinh sir Viet Nam
Mua bdn ngudi la mdt hien tugng da xudt hien tir khi xa hgi loai ngudi budc vao
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NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT SO 8/2014 giai doan phat trien hinh thdi kinh te xa hdi chiem hiru no IS. Ban ddu, mua ban ngudi la viee mua ban nd le trong cac eupe chien tranh, sau d6 Id cde eupe trao ddi phu nu vi Igi ich chinh tri, kinh te,... giira cde qudc gia thdi phong kien. Cho dSn nay, nan mua ban ngudi md chu yeu la mua ban phu nu-, tre em van tdn tai va edn cd ehieu hudng gia tang ddng lo ngai tren pham vi toan thS gidi, vdi cdc muc dich phi nhdn dao nhu: bdc lot tinh due, bdc lot sue lao dgng, kSt hdn trdi y mudn, Idy di mot bd phdn eua co the,...
Tuy nhiSn, cdc qudc gia tren thi gidi vl eo ban van chua cd sy thdng nhdt trong viec dua ra khdi niem mua ban ngudi (budn ban ngudi). Hien nay, cdn rdt nhilu khai niem khac nhau ve mua bdn ngudi nhu:
Vao nam 1962, Td chiic qudc tl vl nhdn quyln (IHRLG), Td chiic ddu tranh chdng mua bdn phu nir (STV)jLiSn minh toan cdu chdng mua bdn phu nir vd mot sd to chiic khde da thdng nhdt dua ra mdt dinh nghTa ve mua bdn ngudi nhu sau: Tdt cd mpi hanh ddng va muu toan hanh ddng cd hen quan den viec tuyen dung, van chuyin trong pham vi qudc gia va xuyen bien gidi, mua bdn, chuyen giao, tilp nhdn, che giau con ngudi bang cdeh lira ddi, ep budc (kl cd su dung, hoac de dga diing vii lyc hoac Iam dung thdm quyln) hoac bdt bupc tru ng vi muc dich xip dat hoac luu giii ngudi do, cho dil trd tiln hay khdng, trong viee phue vu (viec nhd, tinh due hoac sinh sdn), trong lao dpng bdt huge hoac lao dpng tru ng, hoac trong cdc dilu kien tuong ty nhu nd le, trong mdt cong ddng, khde cdng ddng ma ngudi dd da sdng tai thdi dilm trudc khi bj lira gat, ep budc hay gan ng.
Ndm 1972, Td chirc di cu qudc tl (lOM) va Quy nhi ddng Lien hgp qudc (UNICEF) dua ra khdi niem sau: Budn ban 54
ngudi Id hanh vi tuyen dung, chuyin giao, che gidu bode tiSp nhdn ngudi bdng each de dpa dimg vu luc, bat cdc, lira ddi, ep buoc, kS ca lam dung tham quyln, hay trir no vi muc dich bd tri hay bat budc ngudi dd du co dugc trd tiSn hay khdng vdo tinh trang lao ddng eudng biic hoac phdi Iam cdng viec tuong ty nhu nd IS trong mdt cdng ddng khac ma ngudi do dd sdng'^.
- Nghi dinh thu ve phdng ngira, trdn ap va trimg phat viSe budn ban ngudi djic biet Id phu nir, tre em bd sung Cdng udc ciia LiSn hpp qudc ve tdi pham co td chiic xuyen qudc gia nam 2000 da dua ra dinh nghTa vl "budn ban ngudi" dugc cdng ddng qudc tS thda nhan (117 nudc ky, trong do 46 nude phS ehuan): Budn bdn ngudi Id hoat dpng tuyen md, van chuyin, chuyin giao, che gidu hodc tiip nhdn ngudi, bdng each de dpa hodc su dung vii luc, ep bupc, bdt cdc, lica gat, lica dSi, lam dung quyin luc hoac vi thi khdng dugc bdo vi, hodc tra tiin, hodc Igi nhudn cho ngudi cd quyin kiem sodt ddi vdi nan nhdn, nhdm muc dich bdc lot, bao gom bdc lot thdng qua hoat dpng mai ddm, bdc lot tinh due, lao dong cudng bice, no li hodc hdnh vi tuong tu nhu nd li hodc bi lay di cdc ca quan npi tgng^.
Ddy Id cae quy dinh cua phdp ludt qudc tS vS khai niem budn ban ngudi. Theo quy djnh eua phap ludt hinh sy Viet Nam Dilu 119 BLHS nam 1999 (sua ddi, bd sung nam 2009) khdng dua ra mot khai niem hodc m6 Vy Phap luat hinh su - Bo Tu ph^p (2003), Bdo cdo so^ sdnh giiia he thdng phdp ludt Viet Nam va Cong udc cita Lien hap qudc ve chdng toi pham co td chuc xuyen quoc gia vd cdc nghi dinh thu vi budn bdn va dua ngudi nhdp cu trdi phep, Uh Npi.
^ Lien hpp quic (2000), "Nghi dinh thu vi phong ngira. trdn dp vd tricng phat viec buon bdn ngudi dgc bi4l td phu nu. ire em. bd sung Cdng udc cua Lien hap qudc vi toi pham xuyen qudc gia ndm 2000 ".
HOAN THI$N QUY DINH VE ..
td cu the hdnh vi ciia Tdi mua bdn ngudi md chi quy dinh: "Ngudi ndo mua ban ngudi thi hi phat...". Do do, viec tim hiSu khdi niem Tdi mua bdn ngudi can phdi di tir nguyen nghTa trong tilng Viet eua tir "mua - ban".
Theo Tir diSn tieng Viet, tir "mua" dugc hiSu Id ddi tiSn Idy hang hda, dd vdt, tir
"ban" dugc hiSu Id ddi hang hda dS Idy tien'*. Thudt ngii "mua bdn" theo nghia thdng thudng dugc hieu la mpt boat ddng thuang mai, boat ddng trao ddi giiia hai ben mua vd ban mot gia trj hdng hda ndo dd thdng qua mdt loai phuong tien dac biet la ddng tiSn hode mdt vdt phdm ndo do dugc sii dung lam vat ngang gid chung.
Nhu vdy, cd the hiSu theo nghTa thdng thudng, mua ban ngudi la hdnh vi "mua"
hodc "ban" con ngudi eu thS (ed nhdn) nhu mdt mdn hang hda nhdm thu Igi nhudn. Mua bdn ngudi Id tdi pham dugc quy dinh trong BLHS, vi vdy nd cd ddy du cdc ddu hieu ciia tdi pham dugc quy dinh trong Dieu 8 BLHS, ddng thdi cd nhiing ddu hieu rieng de phan biet vdi cac tdi pham khde. Tir nhihig phdn tich trSn chiing ta cd the hiSu:
Tpi mua bdn ngudi Id hdnh vi nguy hiem cho xd hgi dugc quy dinh trong Bd ludt Hinh su do ngudi cd ndng luc trdch nhiem hinh su thuc hien mpt each co y vi muc dich Igi nhudn, dd lica doi, ep budc, de dpa dung VM hcc hodc dung vH luc, nhdm tuyen mo, van chuyin, chua chdp vd giao nhdn ngicdi (phu nic hodc nam gidi tic 16 tuoi trd lin) cho ngudi khac di dugc nhdn tien hoac Igi ich vat chdt khde.
Theo quy dinh eua BLHS ndm 1999 (sua ddi, bd sung nam 2009) Tdi mua ban ngudi cd cac dau hieu phdp Iy sau day:
- Khdch the cua Tpi mua bdn ngiedi Tpi mua ban ngudi xdm pham den quyen eon ngudi. QuySn ty do, an todn thdn the, quyen dugc bdo ve vS tinh mang, sire khde, danh dy, nhdn phdm cua moi ed nhdn la nhiing quySn con ngudi co ban nhdt, dugc cdng ddng thS gidi thua nhdn vd coi trgng.
Trong BLHS Viet Nam, Tdi mua ban ngudi xdm pham dSn nhdn phdm, danh dy eiia con ngudi. Ngodi ra, tdi ph^m nay cdn xdm pham dSn quySn tu do, quyen bat kha xdm pham vS thdn the ciia con ngudi da dugc Hien phdp va eac van ban phdp ludt khde quy dinh^.
Nhiing ddi tugng pham Tdi mua ban ngudi da chd dap len cac quyen ma dang le mdt ca nhan vdi tu edeh Id con ngudi dugc hudng va dugc phap ludt bdo ve. Con ngudi bi mua ban bi xdm pham tinh mang, siic khde, danh dy, nhdn phdm nhu: bi cuong biic lao ddng, hdnh ha, tra tdn, gdy thuang tich, bi giam giii trdi phdp ludt, thdm chi bi cudng hire tinh due,...
- Chu the ciia Tpi mua bdn ngiedi Dilu 12 BLHS ndm 1999 quy dinh: "1.
Ngudi tic dit 16 tudi trd len phdi chiu trdch nhiem hinh su vi mpi tpi pham; 2 Nguai tic dil 14 tuoi trd len, nhung chua du 16 tudi phdi chiu trdch nhiem hinh su vi tpi pham rdt nghiem trgng do cdy hodc tpi pham dac biit nghiem trong".
Nhu vdy, can eii vao DiSu 119 va DiSu 12 BLHS cd the thdy, chu the ciia tdi pham nay Id ngudi tir dii 16 tudi trd ISn va tir dii
* Hoang Phe (Chii bien), Tie dien tdng Vi^t, Nxb. Da Nang, tr. 799 va tr. 39.
* Trinh Tien Vi€t (2011), Mdt s6 vdn di Iciin nghi nhdm hodn thien Bieu 119 BQ ludt Hinh Jir ddi vdi Tqi mua bdn ngudi, Tap chi Kilm sdt, sl 05/2011, tr. 38.
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NHA NUdC VA PHAPLU4TS0 8/2014 14 tudi trd len, cd ndng lyc trdch nhiem hinh sy.
- Mat khdch quan cua Tpi mua bdn ngudi
v l mat khdch quan, Tdi mua ban ngudi dugc tbi hien bang hanh vi dung tien hoac cac Igi ich vdt chdt khac mua ban, trao ddi con ngudi nhu mdt thii hdng hda. DS thuc hien hanh vi mua bdn ngudi, ngudi pham tpi ed thi thyc hien nhiSu thu doan khac nhau dl cd hdng hda la "con ngudi" nhu:
Thu gom, lira gat, bat ede, cudng ep, tim kilm, chiem doat, van ehuyen, edt gidu, tap ket,... nhung day chi Id hdnh vi mang tinh chudn bi, hanh vi di lien trude vd la nhting hdnh vi giiip siic cho hdnh vi mua ban^.
Cu thi hda Dilu 119 BLHS, ngdy 23/07/2013 liSn nganh tu phdp trung uong da ban hdnh Thdng tu lien tich sd 01/2013/TTLT/TANDTC-VKSNDTC- BCA-BQP-BTP Hudng ddn viec truy cim trdch nhiem hinh su d6i vdi ngudi cd hanh vi mua ban ngudi; mua ban, ddnh trdo hoac chiem doat tre em. Theo d6, Tdi mua ban ngudi c6 mdt trong cdc hdnh vi sau ddy:
- Ban ngudi cho ngudi khac, khong phu thudc vao muc dich ciia ngudi mua;
- Mua ngudi dS bdn lai cho ngudi khac, khdng phan biet bdn lai cho ai va mue dich cua ngudi mua sau nay nhu thS ndo;
- Dung ngudi nhu la tdi sdn de trao doi, thanh toan;
- Mua ngudi dS bde lot, cudng bue lao dpng hodc vi cde muc dich trdi phap ludt khac.
^ TrSn Minh Huong (2010), Tim hiiu BLHS nudc Cong hoa xa hgi chu nghTa Viet Nam vd nhiing vdn bdn hudng ddn thi hdnh, Nxb. Lao dong, Ha Npi, tr.
252.
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Ngoai ra, Thdng tu cdn xdc dinh thu doan pham tdi trong mdt sd trudng hgp dac bietjiihu: sir dung thu doan mdi gidi hon nhdn vdi ngudi nudc ngoai trai phep; sit dung thii doan dua ngudi di lao ddng nuoc ngoai trdi phep.
Mat cha quan ciia Tdi mua ban ngiedi
Tdi mua ban ngudi dugc thyc hien duoi hinh thiic Idi cd y. Theo do, ngudi pham toi nhdn thue dugc hanh vi mua, bdn, van chuySn, chuyen giao, chiia chdp nan nhan mua ban ciia minh Id hanh vi nguy hiSm cho xa hdi, trai vdi quy dinh cua phap ludt va bj coi la tdi pham, ddng thdi hp thdy truac dugc hdu qua do hdnh vi eiia minh gay ra la con ngudi bi mang ra mua ban nhu sue vat hay nhirng hang hda khde. Ngudi pham toi mong mudn bode ed y thiic dS mae cho hdu qua do xay ra.
Ddng CO pham tdi thdng thudng la vu Igi thdng qua viee mua, bdn ngudi, tuy nhiSn, chiing khdng phai la ddu hieu bat bugc cua cau thdnh tpi pham nay. TrSn thirc tS, ngudi pham tdi cd nhieu ddng co pham tdi khac nhau nhu: tra thii ed nhdn, mua ve lam vg, de de thue, bdc lot siic lao ddng, boe lot ve tinh due, de ldy cac bd phdn co the eua nan nhdn,...
2. Mpt so kien nghi hoan thien quy dinh ve Toi mua ban ngudi trong Bp luat Hinh su Viet Nam
Trong bdi canh nudc ta da phe chuan Cdng ude chdng tdi pham c6 td chiic xuyen qudc gia va Nghj dinh thu vl phong ngiia, trimg tri, trdn dp tdi budn ban ngudi, dac biet la phu nii va tre em, he thdng phap luat Viet Nam, dac biet Id phdp ludt hinh sy tM cd su sua ddi, bd sung cho tuong thich voi cdc quy dinh tuong ung ciia Cdng udc va Nghi dinh thu. Theo chung tdi, trong giai
HOAN THIEN QUY DINH VE..
doan hien nay, quy dinh eua BLHS cdn sua ddi, bd sung mdt sd vdn de sau day ve Tdi mua bdn ngudi.
Thic nhdt, hien nay cd mpt sd quan dilm cho rang, can sira ddi, bd sung Tdi mua bdn ngudi quy djnh tai Dilu 199 BLHS nam 1999 (sira ddi, bd sung nam 2009) vl hanh vi khach quan cua tdi pham sao cho phii hgp vdi Nghj dinh thu ve phdng ngira, trimg tri, tran dp tdi budn ban ngudi, ddc biet la phu nii va tre em. Theo do, cd mpt sd vdn dl sau can sua ddi, bd sung:
- BLHS quy dinh mua ban ngudi vd mua ban tre em cbi bao gdm 2 loai hanh vi la "mua" vd "bdn", trong khi mua ban ngudi Id ed mpt qua trinh bao gdm mdt chudi hanh vi bat ddu tir "tuySn md" dSn "van chuySn",
"chuyen giao", "chiia chdp (che gidu)" va eudi eiing la "tiep nhdn" ngudi nham muc dich mua ban. Quy dinh nhu vay da dan den nhung khd khan nhdt dinh trong viee phdt hien, dieu tra va xu Iy loai tdi pham nay, trong nhiSu trudng hgp ddn den bd Ipt tdi pham, vi viec tim ra cde chiing cii de chiing minh doi tupTig cd hanh vi "mua" va "bdn"
(dung tien/lgi ieh vat chdt khde de ddi lay ngudi) khdng phdi dS dang. Do dd, theo chiing tdi, Dilu 119 cdn sua ddi theo hudng bd sung them cdc hdnh vi tuyen md, van chuyen, chuySn giao, chiia chdp, tiep nhdn ngudi vdo trong md ta hanh vi pham tpi dS tao dilu kien thudn Igi nhat cho cac co quan tu phdp trong dieu tra, truy td, xet xir ddi vdi toi pham nay^. Tham khdo quy djnh cua BLHS Lien bang Nga ve Tdi budn ban ngudi tai DiSu 127-1, theo do "Mua - bdn ngudi hodc nhicng giao dich co liin quan
din mua bdn ngudi, cung nhu nhimg hdnh vi bdc lot doi vdi ngudi dugc tuyin mo, vgn chuyin, giao nhdn, hodc cdt gidu... "^. Nhu vdy, trong BLHS LiSn bang Nga cung da quy dinh cd hdnh vi tuyen md, van ehuySn, giao nhdn hoac cdt gidu ngudi nhdm muc dich mua ban Id hdnh vi khdch quan ciia Tdi budn ban ngudi. Dieu nay la phii hpp vdi xu the chung trong quy djnh ciia BLHS ede nudc tren thS gidi eiing nhu tuong thich vdi quy dinh ciia Nghi dinh thu ve phdng ngira, trimg tri, trdn dp tdi budn bdn ngudi, ddc biet Id phu nii va tre em.
- Ve xde dinh yeu td "bdc lot" trong cdu thanh tgi pham eua Tdi mua ban ngudi.
Theo quy dinh cua Nghj dinh thu ve phong ngira, trimg trj, trdn ap tgi budn bdn ngudi, dac biet la phu nii vd tre em thi muc dieb
"de bdc lot" la mot trong nhimg ySu td bat budc cdu thanh khai niem budn bdn ngudi.
Tuy nhiSn, trong quy dinh eua BLHS Viet Nam hien hanh thi myc dich "bdc lot"
khdng phai la yeu td bat bugc trong cdu thdnh cua tdi pham nay. Quy djnh ndy gdy khd khan eho viec xu Iy tpi pham bdi day chinh Id ySu td lot td bdn ehdt nguy hiem ciia loai tdi pham budn bdn ngudi vdi tinh ehdt la loai tdi pham nham vao con ngudi, xdm pham den quyen bat kha xdm pham vl thdn thS, nhan pham, danh du vd quyen tu do ciia con ngudi*. Mat khac, mue dich
"bdc lot" cdn la mdt trong nhiing ddu hieu quan trpng de phan biet tdi pham mua ban ngudi vdi mdt sd tdi pham khac (vi du: Tdi td chuc, cudng ep ngudi khac trdn di nudc
^ Nguyin Hai Anh, De xudt sua ddi Tdi mua bdn ngudi vd Tdi mua bdn tre em trong Bd ludt Hinh su.
Xem them tai: http://www.moi.aov.vn/ct/tintuc/
Paaes/nghien-cuu-trao-doi.aspx?IteinID^4544
* Tnrong Dai hpc Luat Ha N6i (2010), Bd ludt Hinh su Lien bang Nga, Nxb. Cong an nhan ddn. Ha Npi.
^ Nguyen Hai Anh, De xudt sua ddi Toi mua bdn ngudi vd Tdi mua bdn tre em trong Bd ludt Hinh su.
Xem them tai: hnp ://www.mo i. gov, vn/ct/t i ntuc/
Paaes/nghien-cuu-trao-dQi-aspx?ItemID^4544
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NHA NUOC VA PHAPLU^TSO 8/2014 ngodi bode d lai nudc ngoai trdi phep). Tham khdo vdn de nay trong BLHS Lien bang Nga cho thdy, DiSu 171-1 quy djnh md td cu thS ve khdi niem bdc lot ngudi. Theo do, bdc lot ngudi "tfrrffc hiiu la bupc ngudi bi hgi hdnh nghi mgi ddm hay nhicng hinh thuc bdc lot tinh due khac, hodc lao dpng khd sai (nd li) hoac ldm nhdng viec khde md ho khong tic nguyen " .
Nhu vdy, dS tuong thich vdi cac quy dinh ciia Nghj dinh thu ve phdng ngira, triing tri, trdn dp tdi budn bdn ngudi, dac biet la phu nft va tre em, ddng thdi nham tao dieu kien thudn Igi cho viec diSu tra, truy td, xet xu ddi vdi Tpi mua ban ngudi, ehiing tdi dS xudt nen bd sung Sieu 119 BLHS ve hanh vi khach quan eiia tpi pham khong ehi bao gdm hdnh vi mua - ban ngudi ma cdn ca chuoi hanh vi tir tuyen md, van chuySn den chuyen giao, chiia ehdp (che giau), nhdn ngudi. BSn eanh dd, can bd sung muc dich "bdc lot" (bdc lot tinb due, boe lot siic lao ddng, cudng biic lao dpng, lay bd phdn CO thS hay cac hinh thuc boe lot khde) la ySu td bat budc trong cdu thanh tpi pham.
Thu hai, hien nay BLHS nam 1999 (sua ddi, bd sung ndm 2009) quy dinh ve hai loai tdi pham la Tdi mua ban ngudi (Dilu 119) va Tdi mua bdn, danh trdo hodc chilm doat tre em (Dilu 120). Tuy nhien, vl cdu thanh tdi pham ciia Dieu 120 cd loai hanh vi gidng nhu ddi vdi Tdi mua bdn ngudi do la hanh vi mua bdn tre em. Ddu hieu dl phdn biet Tdi mua ban tre em vd Tdi mua bdn ngudi chi Id dp tudi ciia nan nhdn la du 16 tudi hay chua dil 16 tudi. DiSu nay dan din viec trong dieu tra, truy td, xet xii ddi vdi loai tdi
Truemg Dai hoc Luat Ha Noi (2011), Bd ludt Hinh sir Lien bang Nga, Nxb. Cong an nhan dan. Ha Npi
nay khdng don gian khi phdi xdc dinh tuli cua nan nhan. Ben canh dd, Dieu 120 quy dinh ba hanh vi pham tgi vdi ddng co, muc dich khac nhau (hdnh vi mua bdn tre em, hdnh vi ddnh trdo tre em vd hdnh vi chilm doat tre em) nhung lai cd chung mdt khung hinh phat Id khdng hop ly.
Do dd, theo chiing tdi BLHS cdn nghien ciiu de ghep Tdi mua bdn ngudi vdi Tgi mua bdn tre em thdnh mdt dieu ludt quy dinh ve Tdi mua ban ngudi. Tdeh tdi Mua ban, ddnh trdo hodc chiem doat tre em t^i Dieu 120 Bd ludt Hinh sy hien nay thanh cac tpi danh dpc lap cd chS tdi xir Iy phii hgp vdi tinh ehdt, miie dp nguy hiSm cua timg loai hanh vi. Nhu vdy, sau khi sira doi thi BLHS se cd Dieu 119 quy dinh vl T6i mua ban ngudi (bao gdm viec mua ban con ngudi ndi chung ma khdng phan biet nguoi ldn hay tre em) va Dieu 120 vS Tdi danh trdo, chiem doat tre em. Ddng thdi, trong DiSu 119 vl Tdi mua bdn ngudi tbi hanh vi mua ban ngudi dudi 16 tudi se chi coi nhu mpt tinh tiet dinh khung tang ndng de xii Iy, Dieu nay se phu hgp hon vdi xu the chung ciia the gidi khi quy dinh ve Tdi mua ban ngudi (budn ban ngudi).
Thic ba, hien nay, theo Dilu 119 BLHS chi mdi quy djnh mpt sd tinh tilt dinh khung tang ndng nhu; vi muc dich mai dam;
cd td chuc; cd tinh chdt chuyen nghiep; de ldy bp phdn co the cua nan nhan; de dua ra nudc ngodi; doi vdi nhieu ngudi; pham tpi nhieu Idn. Tuy nhien, nhu chiing ta da bilt, mdt sd tinh tilt djnh khung tdng ndng khac da dugc Nghj dinh thu ve phdng ngiia, trimg trj, trdn dp tdi budn ban ngudi, dac biet Id phu nir vd tre em quy djnh nhung Dilu 119 BLHS Viet Nam chua quy djnh.
Do do, theo chung tdi cdn bd sung mdt so 58
HOAN THIEN QUY DJNH VE ..
tinh tiet tang nang dinh khung tai Dilu 119 BLHS, nhu: Igi dung ehuc vu, quyen ban;
vi muc dich vd nhdn dao; tdi pham nguy hilm; pham tdi ddi vdi ngudi thdn thich;
pham tdi ddi vdi tre em; gdy hdu qua
nghiSm trgng, rat nghiSm trpng hodc dac biet nghiem trpng. Dieu nay se gdp phdn phdn hda trdch nhiem hinh sy mdt cdeh ehinh xdc hon khi xii ly ddi vdi nhiing ngudi thyc hien tpi pham ndy.
(Tiip theo trang 52 - Vdi suy nghi xung quanh...)
Hai la, ban hanh quy dinh giai thieh rd thudt ngit "gid ddt phd bien tren thj trudng eiia loai ddt ed cung muc dich su dung da chuyen nhugng" tai diem c khodn I Dieu 112 Ludt Ddt dai nam 2013; trong dd, xde dinh cu the thS nao la "thj trudng cua loai dat c6 eiing mue dieh su dung da chuyen nhugng".
Ba la, ban hdnh quy djnh cu the eo quan ndo se cd thdm quySn dieu chinh mdc gia ddt trong trudng hpp cdc thua ddt liSn kS nhau CO eimg muc dieh su dung, kha ndng sinh Igi, thu nhdp tir viec sir dung ddt tuong tu nhu nhau dugc xdc dinh miie gia khac nhau.
Bdn Id, ban hdnh quy djnh hudng dan chi tiet Dieu 113 Luat Dat dai nam 2013 vS ndi dung: "Trong thdi gian thuc hien khung gid ddt ma gia dat phd bien tren thi trudng tdng tir 20% trd len so vdi gid tdi da hoac giam tir 20% trd len so vdi gia tdi thieu trong khung gia ddt thi Chinh phii dieu chinh khung gid ddt eho phii hgp".
Ndm Id. ban hdnh quy djnh xde djnh rd
"ctr quan cd chuc ndng xdy dung khung gid ddt" tai khodn 1 Dieu 114 la co quan cu thi nao; ddng thdi hudng ddn cy thi vl quy djnh "trudng hgp co chenh lich ldn ve gid ddt gidp ranh gida cdc tinh, thdnh phd true thudc trung uong" tai khodn 1 DiSu 114.
Sdu Id, ban hdnh quy dinh vS ngan ngiia tinh trang td chiic tu vdn vl gia ddt thdng ddng vdi ca quan quan Iy ddt dai edp tinh trong viee xde dinh gia dat cu the lam can cii tinh tien bdi thudng khi Nha nudc thu hoi ddt.
Bdy la, trong vdn de xdc dinh gia ddt, Nha nudc nen ehi la ngudi xdy dyng nguyen tdc, co ehe vd phuong phap djnh gia; diSu tiet, hudng dan, thanh tra, kilm tra, gidm sat ve qud trinh quySt djnh gia ddt.
Nha nudc khdng nen va khdng cdn can thiep true tiSp vao gia dat ma nen xd hdi hda hoat dpng ndy, trao quySn eho cac cdng ty tham djnh gid ddc lap thyc hien, phu hgp vdi thdng IS qudc te...
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