ThiTc tign bao ho nhan hieu am thanh va mui a cac niTtfc phat trien va goii y cho Viet Nam
Nguyen Khanh Linh
C o n g t y Co phan sci hQu trf tue Brass & cong sU
Thdi diem co hieu lUc cua Hiep djnh CPTPP da dat ra nhiem vu cho cac quoc gia thanh vien phai thiet lap cd che bao hp nhan hieu phi truyen thong khong nhin thay dUtic, cu the la nhan hieu am thanh va mui. Trong so 11 quoc gia thanh vien thupc Hiep dinh CPTPP, co tdi 9 quoc gia da co quy djnh ro rang ve bao hp nhan hieu am thanh trong luat nhan hieu\ va 5 quoc gia chap thuan bao hp nhan hieu mui^ Nhu vay, Viet Nam va IVIalaysia la hai quoc gia con lai trong CPTPP chUa tiTng chap thuan bao hp "dau hieu khong nhin thay difdc"^ nhU nhan hieu, dong nghTa vdi viec, ca nhan hieu am thanh va mui deu chua dUdc chap thuan bao hp tai Viet Nam va Malaysia. Vdi kinh nghiem bao ho cua nhieu quoc gia khac va ca cac quoc gia thanh vien CPTPP, Viet Nam cd the thifa hUdng kinh nghiem lap phap cung n\\\i thiic tiln bao hp tCr cac quoc gia nay de xay dUng mot cd che bao hp rieng cho cac nhan hieu am thanh va mui.
Vai net ve hao hO nhan hieu am thanh ua miii tren the gidi
Nhan hieu am thanh Mot nghien edu ndi tieng cua giao sa Pavlov, ngadi tang doat giai Nobel nam 1904 da cho thay, cac dau hieu am thanh tham chi cd the vddt trpi hdn so vdi cac dau hieu khac khi tac dpng Ien tri nap cua con ngadi vi thmh giac la cd quan dadc cam nhan ta nhien hdn la cac giac quan khac thadng cd sa chu dgng cua con ngadi.
Cac nghien cifu cho thay, mot
'Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Singapore v a Peru.
^Australia, Brunei, Canada, Mexico va New Zealand
^Theo Dieu 72 1 Luat S6 tiOu tri tue Viet Nam 2005, sCfa doi 2009, "Nhan hidu dJOc bSo hp neu dap Cing cac dieu kien sau d a y 1 La dau hieu nhin thay dUdc difdi dang chO cai, tCf ngO, hinh ve, hinh anh, ke ca hinh ba chieu hoSc sU ket hop cac yeu to d o . dUdc t h i hien bSng mot hoac nhieu mau sac".
am thanh §m ai cd the khien con ngudi de ngiJ hdn, mot am thanh de chiu phat ra trong nha hang cd the kich thich vj giac va tieu hda thac pham cho ngadi dung.. Vidu dien hinh nhat cho tinh tac dgng trac quan cua am thanh chinh la nhan hieu cd ten "tieng n't tao ra do ma sat ngon tay tren dung cu rCia Chen bat" (so 247094) cCia Unilever PLC do Cd quan Nhan hieu New Zealand cap bao ho cho san pham nadc rC/a chen bat.
Khi phat ra nhan hieu am thanh nay, ngadi tieu dung dadc ket ndi tdi cam giac sach se cho san pham va nhd dd thu hut dadc mdt ladng khach hang.
Khac vdi tac pham am nhac, nhan hieu am thanh co the la mdt doan am thanh, co the la SLI" ket hdp td cac loai am thanh khac nhau (nha nhac cu, gipng hat, tieng keu ciJa dpng vat, tieng phat ra td cac vat dyng khac.) du
de ngudi tieu dung cd mdc hieu biet trung binh cd the ghi nhd va phan biet dadc {theo djnh nghTa nhan hieu am thanh cua Luat Nhan hieu Hoa Ky''). Trong khi dd, tac pham am nhac nhat thiet phai la mot ban nhac hoac doan nhac dUdc viet ra dudi dang ky ta hoac chi dadc the hien trac tiep dadi mot loai nhac cu hoac sii trinh didn cua mot ca nhan^ Mot trong nhu'ng dang nhan hieu am thanh dau tien tren the gidi dUdc ghi nhan la tin hieu trdng phat Xii lang nay sang lang khac bao hieu cac sa kien nhat dinh^.
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=https / / i m s l p . o r g / w i k i / U n i t e d . S t a t e s . Copyright^Law.
^Thong tin ve tin hieu trong, http7/ipnepal c o m . n p / w p - c o n t e n t / u p l o a d s / O r i g i n - o f - Trademark-and-Histoncal-Deveiopmenl-in- Nepal pdf.
KHOAHOC \, So 4 nam 2020 JSoMGNGHiV
m
I Dien dan Khoa hoc va Cong nghe
Nhan hieu am thanh dau tien duoc bao hp tren the gidi la nhan hi$u "3 hoi chudng" (sd 916522) ciJa Dal NBC tif nam 1971 cho dich vu phat thanh tai Hoa Ky.
Ngay nay, da c6 hang tram nhan hieu am thanh dupe chinh thilc bao hp tai nhieu nude tren khap the gi6i. Mac dii vay, chi mot so quoc gia co hU6ng dan trinh tU va quy dinh ve dieu kien bao ho nhan hieu am thanh mot each kha chi tiet nhu Hoa Ky, EU, Australia va Nhat Ban^... Nhieu quoc gia ch^p thuan bao hp nhung lai thieu cac quy dinh chi tiet, dan tdi viec bao hg nhan hieu am thanh phu thupc vao tCfng trudng hop cu the va doi khi chu ddn phai cung cap bang chLfng ve kha nang phan biet CLia nhan hieu. Nhin chung, cac qucc gia cd quy dinh ve dieu kien bao hp va tham djnh nhan hieu am thanh deu cd yeu cau tuong doi giong nhau ve dieu kien bao hp va thfl tuc xac lap quyen nhu nhan hieu thong thudng tai nude do.
Bieu liien bao ho, tudng tu vdi nhan hi§u truyen thdng, nhan hieu am thanh cung phai dap ifng tieu chuin nhu mdt nhan hieu theng thudng la dau hl$u cd kha nang phan biet so vdi cac nhan hieu cung the Ipai cd trudc trong pham vi quoc gia cho loai hang hda/dich vu yeu cSu bao hp. Qua trinh tham dinh nhan hiSu tai Hoa Kv va Australia cho thay, nhan h l L am thanh cd t h i b j t a Choi trSn cd s8 tuyet doi va ca tuong d6i« Trong do, tO choi tuyet doi dUdc ap dung cho nhOng am
'~~^ " ^rrTTm/R/svstem/iaws/rule/
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thanh chCta \\i ngO se ap dung giong nha quy trinh tham djnh dau hieu chD trong nhan hieu thdng thadng, tac la \.\S ngO trong am thanh (neu cd) se khdng dadc chifa cac dau hieu chij' bj loai tri/ bao hg va khdng co kha nang phan biet. Ngoai ra, cac am thanh cd the bj ta choi bao hp neu am thanh do khong thac hien dddc chiJc nang nhan hieu do md ta chinh hang hda/dich vu mang nd, vi du "am thanh tieng xeo xeo trong qua trinh ran cho dich vu nha hang" (KFC), hoac cac am thanh mang ban chat ta nhien cua san pham nha tieng Piano cho san pham nhac cu...
Tren thac te, sd md ta cua nhan hieu am thanh itbi xem xet loai tra doi vdi cac san pham co the phat ra tieng ddng nha nhac cu, cac thiet bj nghe nhin.. Theo Cd quan Nhan hieu Hoa Ky (USPTO), nhan hieu am thanh dddc bao hg neu dadc coi la "ngau nhien, doc dao, CO kha nang phan biet va co the dUdc sty diing nham tao an tuang trong tam tri ngudi nghe va t<hi bat gap iai, ngudi nghe co the nhan ra rang mot san pham hoac dich vij do xuat phat tU mot nguon goc thuong mai cy the, du l<hdng ro ten nguon". Dieu nay cung d^n chieu ro su khac biet giQa am thanh "ngau nhien, dgc dao, CO kha nang phan biet khac biet"
vdi cac "am thanh giong hoac bat chudc am thanh 'pho bien' hoac nhQng am thanh da tUng dUdc phat ra trong cac trudng hdp khac". Vi dy ve nhQng nhan hieu am thanh 'phd bien' cho hang hda tao ra am thanh trong qua trinh hoat ddng cua chung nhd tieng ddng hd bao thac, tieng thiet bj
bao ddng^..
Cac nhan hieu am thanh cung cd the bi ta chdi tUdng ddi neu bj coi la triJng hoac tadng ta vdi cac loai am thanh cd trade do. M$c du khdng dadc lam rd tradng hdp nao dau hieu am thanh y§u cau bao ho bi coi la tuong ta vdi mdt phan tac pham am nhac cd ban quyen trudc dd, nhung trong tradng hdp bj phan doi, nhan hieu am thanh hoan toan co the bj ti;
chd'i tren co sd nay neu chu sd hQu quy6n tac gilt, tac pham am nhac cd trade chLfng minh dUdc nhan hieu am thanh da sao chep mot phan tac pham cua minh.
Giai dieu huyen thoai Nokia Tune dUdc bao hp bdi USPTO (sd 2413729) tCf nam 2000 la mot trudng hpp dac biet du thuc chat, Nokia Tune la giai dieu dadc tn'ch td mot tac pham danh cho ddc tau guitar ten la Grande Valse do Francisco Tarrega (mot nha soan nhac cd dien Tay Ban Nha) viet vao nam 1902.
Luat Nhan hieu An Dd cdn cd them quy dmh cu the hdn ve dieu kien bao ho nhan hieu am thanh nha "co thdi lUdng khong qua 30 gtay" nham dam bao nhan hieu am thanh du de ngudi tieu dung d trinh do trung binh cd t h i ghi nhd va phan biet dUdc""^.
Cac tai lieu yeu cau bao hp nhan hieu am thanh nhin chung deu tren cd sd ban md ta nhan hieu gdm ky hieu am nhac (mot khudng nhac dadc chia thanh cac gach nhip cung cac ky hieu am nhac de cd the xac dinh dUdc dd
'https://lmep.uspto S O V / R D M S / T M E P / Oct2012#/Oct2012/TMEP-i200d1e2927.
html
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Portal/IPOBule/1_69_1_3l2 I .-^^^
marks_ruies_2017_English pd1
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tram bong, do ngan vang cua nd) hoac cac t$p MP3 cd bieu di^n do hga phu hdp xac djnh cao dp va thdi lUdng cua am thanh - tao thanji am thanh tUdng Ung vdi chudi am thanh tao thanh giai dieu dang can duoc dang ky (hudng dan cua Australia''^) hoac mot ban dd hoa cd the dUdc nop cung vdi mot tep dien tif la mot sieu am, tUc la mdt bleu didn do hpa cija am thanh, cho thay su phan phdi nang lUdng d cac tan sd khac nhau (hudng dan cua EU'2). USPTO yeu cau ngudi nop ddn phai nop mot ban sao am thanh cd lien quan tdi nhan hieu am thanh dd nham muc dich bd sung va lam ro ban md ta am thanh dU kien dUdc bao hg^^.
Viec dien giai bang do hpa cho phep tham djnh vien cd the tham djnh nhan hieu am thanh tren cd sd "nhin thay dUdd' va sau dd so sanh vdi cac ban do hga nhan hieu am thanh khac cd trade. Ngoai ra, dien giai bang dd hga cd the khien viec cdng bd de dang hdn ddi vdi cac qudc gia chUa cd nen tang cdng nghe hien dai vi chi can cong bd ban dd hpa Ien cdng bao sd hOu cdng nghiep hoac he thdng dQ lieu true tuyen
"Dinh dang cua nhan hieu am thanh theo quy dmh phap luat Australia (Dieu 6.1), http7/manuals.ipauslralia,gov.au/
trademarks/Part_21_Non-tradittonaL Signs/21.6_Sound_(audttory)^trade_
marks.htm.
'^Dinh dang cua nhan hieu am thanh theo quy dmh phap luat chau Au (muc 2,5), https://euipo.europa.eu/tunnel-web/
secure/webdav/guest/document_!ibrary/
con tent Pdf s/law_and_practlce/trade_
marks_practice_manual/WP_2_2017/
Part-B/04-part_b_examination_section_4_
absoiute_grounds_for_refusal/part_B_
examination_seclion_4_chapter_2/part_B_
exam 1 nat ion_section_4_chapter_2_
EUTM%20def inition_en.pdf.
'^Dieu 904.03(d) TMEP, https,//tmep.uspto.
gov/RDMS/TMEP/Oct2012#/Oct2012/
TMEP-900d1e713.html.
thay vl phai tai Ien 1 file am thanh he thdng trUc tuyen. NgUdc lai, cdng nghe hien dai da rut bdt thu tuc xac lap quyen nhan hieu am thanh d E U " va Hoa Ky, theo do cac cd quan nhan hieu khong yeu cau cung cap ban dd hoa nhan hieu am thanh nhU trUdc day ma cd the cung cap file am thanh dang nen cd the phat ra trUc tiep.
Cac tham dinh vien trd thanh cac chuyen gia tham am de phan djnh cac am thanh trong yeu cau bao hg va dUa ra thdng bao tham djnh.
Nhan hieu am thanh cung cd the trd thanh nhan hieu ndi tieng nhu tradng hdp nhan hieu am thanh "Looney Tunes Theme Song" (dang ky sd 2469364) cua Time Warner Entertainment dUdc bao ho nam 200V^ Doan nhac ndi tieng den mUc, cac khan gia phim hoat hinh Looney thdi diem dd chT can nghe doan nhac la biet dUdc phan trong didn bien cua phim. Mac du "Looney Tunes Theme Song" da dUdc bao hp dudi dang tac pham am nhac trUdc dd nhung van tiep tuc dUdc bao hp dudi hinh thUc nhan hieu am thanh vdi thdi han dai hdn neu chu sd hOu tiep tuc gia han va nop bang chUng su' dung phu hdp trong thUdng mai^^. Mot sd nhan hieu am thanh khac da trd thanh nhan hieu ndi tieng tai Hoa Ky nhu "3 hoi chuong' sd 0916522 (1971) cua NBC, "tieng SU tL( gam" so 1395550 (1986),
"Tieng tron^' sd 2000732 (1996)
'^https.//eulpo europa eu/ohimportal/en/
elimination-of-graphicai-representation- requirement.
i=http;//tmsearch uspto gov/bin/showtield''f
=docSstate=4801 :o2ydr5.2.1.
^^Quy trinh gia han nhan hieu daoc quy dmh theo phap luat Hoa Ky: htfps;//
www uspto.gov/trademarks-application- p r o c e s s / f i l i n g - o n l i n e / r e g i s t r a t i o n - maintenancerenewalcorrection-forms
cua Twentieth Century Fox.
Ngoai ra, de duy tri hieu luc cua nhan hieu am thanh, ngoai viec tien hanh thu luc gia han, chu nhan hieu cdn phai nop bang chUng sCr dung (tai Hoa Ky) nhu yeu cau vdi mot nhan hieu thdng thudng bat ky, va cd the b| huy hieu lUc neu khdng sCf dung tUdng tu vdi quy dinh ve nhan hieu truyen thdng tai mdi qudc gia.
Tuy nhien, viec cung cap bang chdng sij' dung cua nhan hieu am thanh dupe xem la khac vdi nhan hieu truyen thdng, theo dd, nhan hieu nay phai dUdc sd dung gan vdi hang hda/djch vu dUdc bao hg va chu sd hUu phai cd cac doan ghi lai viec sCr dung dudi dang file ghi am hoac ghi hinh va cd xac djnh thdi diem stf dung nhu tren quang cao, dang tai thdng tin...
Nhan hieu mui
Mui hUdng cung la mot dau hieu vl nd truyen tai thdng tin qua dudng khUu giac. Mui hUdng la loai dau hieu diJdc danh gia cd kha nang tao ra sU phan biet tdt nhat trong cac loai nhan hieu vl nd cd the tac dgng dUdc tdi hau het ngUdi tieu dung bao gdm ca ngudi khiem thj (khdng nhan tac ddng bdi nhan hieu hUu hinh) va ngUdi khiem thinh (khdng tac ddng bang nhan hieu am thanh).
Cac bao cao khoa hoc cho thay kha nang ghi nhd mui hUdng la mdt trong nhOng loai tri nhd manh nhat va dang tin cay nhat cua con ngUdi". VI vay, cac mui hUdng dac biet cd the giup ngUdi tieu dimg dinh vj mdt sd san pham thdng qua khUu giac, ngay ca khi hg khdng nhd ten san pham. Va ngay ca khi ngudi tieu dung khdng cd kha nang md ta ban chat cCia
"http://www nytimes.com/2007/03/08/
hea!th/08iht-sleep 4847539.htm! (February 16th, 2017).
, nam 2020 ISNGNGHEVift N m
I Diin dan Khoa hoc va Cong nghe
mui bSng tif ngO thi mui huong CO the giup xac dinh san pham
<3on gian bang each kich thich tiem thOc ghi nhan qua khiu giac cfia hp". Tuy vay, do gap han che ve kha nang sQ dung, dac biet trong quang cao, lan truyen va tiep can ngudi tieu dung n§n nhan hieu mui dUdc bSo hd hien nay ch! cd so luang khiem tdn.
Mac dii nhieu quoc gia tren the gidi thiia nhan bao hp nhan hieu mill trong d|nh nghTa tong the ve nhan hieu, nhung khdng cd bat ky hudng dan chi ti^t ve viec bao hd ngay tii dau. [vlpt so it quoc gia CO hudng dSn chi tiet nhu Hoa Ky, Australia, EU... deu xuat phat tii thuc tien cac vu tii chdi bao hd cua cd quan nhan hieu va cac khieu nai cija ngudi ndp ddn.
Ve dieu kien bao hd mui huang, cd r& it ddn dang ky bao hd nhan hieu mill tren the gidi cd the vudt qua giai doan tham djnh hinh thiic (EU, Anh) va vUpt qua ca tham dinh hinh thitc va ndi dung (Hoa Ky, Australia, New Zealand...) de duoc cap van bang bao hd. Hoa Ky hien dang d i n dau v l so luong bao hd vdi hdn 10 nhan hieu mill hUdng dUdc bao hd k l til nam 1990. Cd quan Nhan hieu chau Au (EUTIVID) tang chap thuan bao hd 2 nhan hISu nhung hien tai chi cdn 1 nhan hl6u mill cd hieu luc", Cd quan Nhan hieu Anh (IPO) chap thuan bao hd 2 nhan hieu mui hUOng'°... VI cac quoc gia neu
«S karapapa (2010), "The Trademark
^r- Thp Law Journal of the ZZtioJ r . * ™ r * Assoo.a„on.
100(6), p-ia'fS-
„Mh5n hieu m i i c6 tUdi m6i cSt cho bong
"^ ^ . f t n hSu life) va nh§n hi&u mDi cua ' " " " ' ' t x o i cho nhien I i g u d 6 n g c d ' ^ ' J J mui bia ddng cua unicorn
" T " t . c h o ^ S pham tro chdi phi tieu . T S T h r m t h S a hong cOa Sumitomo Rubber Co. cho lop xe so.
tren deu theo he thdng Thong luat nen vi§c xem xet kha nang mot yeu cau bao hg nhan hieu mui thadng bj anh hudng bdi cac phan quyet cd trade cua cac cd quan nhan hieu ddi vdi cac ddn hoac dang ky nhan hieu co trudc dd.
Nhan hieu mui dau tien dUdc bao hd tai Hoa Ky la nhan hieu
"mui hoa dai" cho s^n ph^m sdi va chi theu tU 1990 cua Clarke.
Tuy nhien, ban dau nhan hieu nay bj tham dinh vi§n cua USPTO tU chdi vl ngUdi nop ddn khdng chUng minh dUdc mui "hoa dai"
cd the chi ra ngudn gdc thUdng mai cua chiJ ddn cho ngudi tieu dung, va mui hUdng chi la chUc nang cija san pham nham tao ra ldi the canh tranh de khach hang cd the t&n hudng mien phi mui hUdng nay. Tuy nhien, chu ddn da khang cao va nop tai lieu chdng minh rang khdng cd cdng ty nao trade dd tUng san xuat loai sdi hoac chi theu cd miji thdm va cac quang cao cua chu ddn cho thay ldl the cua san pham chmh la mui thdm va cac khach hang, dai ly, nha phan phdi sdi va chi theu cd mui thdm cua hg da nhan ra ngudn gdc thuong mai cua chu ddn tren mui cua nhQng hang hda nay. Sau dd Hdi dong khang cao Hoa Ky (TTAB) da ra phan quyet cdng nhan rang mot mui hUdng cung cd t h i la mot chi dan thuong mai do dd cd the dang ky bao hd.
NhUvay, trong trudng hdp nay, mill hUdng hoan toan khdng phSi la mdt thudc tinh vdn cd hoac dac tinh tU nhien cua hang hda ma la mdt tinh nang rieng dUdc tao ra bdi chij ddn. Dieu thu vi ve quyet djnh cija TTAB trong vu nay la trong mdt chu thich, TTAB da thu hep vu khieu nai va khdng de cap tdi kha nang dang ky cua nhan hieu miii hoac mui hudng cua san pham dUdc dang ky la
cd chCfc nang mo tli nhU cac loai nude hoa, sSn pham colognes hoac cac san pham gia dung cd mui thom khac "day khong^phal la vu viec lien quan d^n van de mo ta bang mot thuat ngU nham xac dinh mui hUdng dac trUng cua san phim". Trong nhiing trudng hdp nay, neu dUdc coi la mot thuat ngO, no khong the dUdc dang ky bao ho theo Muc 2(e)(1) cua Luat Nhan hieu neu no mo ta mui huang hoac tinh nang quan trong khac cua san pham. VI vay, ck Thdng luat va Luat Nhan hieu deu chap nhan rang nhan hi§u mui neu cd dUdc mdt y nghTa thU hai {secondary meaning) td ngudi sQ dung thi cd the dang ky theo Luat Nhan hieu. TU dd, hadng dan thO tuc kiem tra nhan hidu da xac nhan nguyen tac tren trong phien ban mdi nhat; mui hUdng cua san phim co the dUdc dang ky neu khdng phai la chUc nang cua hang h6a^\ VI vay, khac vdi nhan hi§u Sm thanh dUdc bao hd tren cd sd "nguyen tac dang ky"^^
toan bg nhan hieu mui hUdng dUdc bao hd tai Hoa Ky deu chi dUdc bao hg dUdi dang "dang ky bd sung''^^*, cd nghTa qua trinh
^'Di^u 1202.12 trong Trademark Manual of Examining Procedure (USPTO) quy dmh
"Dau hieu miJi se khong dUdc b i o ho neu xuat phat tCi chiTc nang tU nhign cua san pham hoac n h i m muc dich SLf dung cua san pham". USPTO dUa ra vi' du cu the rang
"miii huang cua hoa Plumerla cho sSn phim
"chi khau va sai theu" co thi dUtic bSo hd.
nliung mui huang nay diing lam nUdc hoa hoac lam mat khong khi. tUc la thUc hidn chiic nang san pham. thi se khong thi dang kf. Nhi/ vay, cac s i n pham c6 chiic nang t?io ra mui trong I<h6ng khi nhu nufic hoa, my pham, do an, do uong co the se khong duoc bao ho nhan hieu mill, iviot so qufic gia quy dinh ro khong^bao ho cac dang mui tu nhien hoac mui pho bi^n (dau thong, dau xa)
2 2 h t l p s 7 / t m e p . u s p t o . g o v / , " - L i i . i 3 / x i y i E P / CUfrenl#/current/TMEP-800d:p? t.:,,.-:
^^https / / t m e p . u s p t o . g o v / R D M S / T M E p / current#/currentyTMEP-800d1 e7 hinii
IfelliSSi Ztm\m
56'4 n a m 2 0 2 0th^am djnh nhan hieu miJi hUdng se chu yeu xem xet tren cac bang chUng sCf dung thuc te ma chu ddn da cung cap.
NgUdc Iai, cac mui tu nhien khd chi ra nguon gdc thUdng mai cija chu ddn lai dUdc IPO chap thuan bao hd nhu nhan hieu mtji bla dang cua Unicorn Products (so van bang GB2001416) cho san pham trd chdi phi tieu^" va nhan hieu mui hoa hong cua Sumitomo Rubber Co. cho lop xe (sdvan bSng 082000234^^). Mac du vay, IPO lai tU chdi nhan hieu miii que cho san pham ndi that cua John Lewis of Hungerford Plc^^ vdi ly do que la mdt mui khdng dn djnh, khd xac djnh mac du chu ddn dUdc ap dung tien ie thieu tai lieu md ta bang dd hga trong cac dang ky thanh cdng trUdc dd va ddn dang ky nhan hieu miji cho nude hoa Chanel No.5 !ai bi tU chdi vao nam 1994 vl bj coi la mang ban chat cua san pham^^.
Khac vdi USPTO va IPO, ddi vdi EUTMD, van de chUc nang mui hUdng trong nhan hieu hay kha nang chi dan ngudn goc thUdng mai khdng phai la khd khan chinh de tham dmh nhan hieu miJi vl Luat Nhan hieu cua EU chi tham djnh hinh thCfc ma khdng tham djnh ngi dung.
EUTMD da chap nhan bao hd ca mui hUdng phd bien (nhU nhan hieu mui co tUdi mdi cat nam 1999 cho san pham bdng tennis cua Vennootschap onder Firma
^'https //trademarks.ipo.gov uk/ipo-tmcase/
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" h t t p s . / / t r a d e m a r k s . i p o gov.uk/ipo-tmcase/
page/Resuits/1 /UK00002000234.
^ ^ h t t p s : / / w w w . i p o . 9 0 v . u k / t - c h a i i e n g e - decision-results/002401 .pdf.
^'http://w ww.inter-lawyer.com/i6x-e-scripta/
a r t i c l e s / t r a d e m a r k s - r e g i s t r a t i o n - s m e l l - E U h t m .
Senta Aromatic Marketing chi can ban md ta vdi cum tU "mui co tUdI mdi ciC) ma khong can ban dd hoa nhu mgi khi vi cho rang mui nay da quen thudc vdi con ngadi. Ngoai le nay dUdc ap dung them vdi nhan hieu mOi cua qua mam xdi (nam 2001) cho nhien lieu dgng cd cua Myles Limited.
Tuy nhien, toan bg cac nhan hieu mui sau do du la miJi hUdng tu nhien deu bi Tda an cdng ly chau Au (ECJ) tU choi bao hd vdi mdt ly do duy nhat la khdng cd ban dd hoa theo Dieu 4 TMR Luat Nhan hieu EU.
Trade ngay 1/10/2017, Luat Nhan hieu EU yeu cau hd sd dang ky nhan hieu phai cd ban md ta dd hpa. Tuy nhien, yeu cau ve md ta dd hpa cua nhan hieu mui hUdng thadng khd hdn each thUc md ta bang cdng thUc hda hgc, chO viet, hoac bang each gCfi mSu mui hoac ket hdp cac yeu td dd vi hau nhu khdng cd phUdng tien dd hga nao dai dien cho mui hUdng mdt each chi'nh xac de the hien.
Khac vdi ma mau qudc te hoac ky hieu am nhac, mot dau hieu miJi hUdng khd dUdc xac djnh mdt each khach quan va chinh xac thdng qua viec gan ten hoac ma cu the cho tUng mui. Do dd, khd khan Idn nhat cua bao hd nhan hieu miJi tai EU lai chinh la each thdc the hien dd hga. Tuy nhien do nhieu tranh cai nen Luat Nhan hieu EU 2015 da xda bd yeu cau ve cung cap ban md ta bang dd hpa. Cy the, EUTMD thay ddi yeu cau rang chu ddn cd the the hien nhan hieu dudi bat ky hinh thdc phij hdp nao bang each sCf dung cdng nghe cd sSn, va do dd khdng nhat thiet phai bang phUdng tien dd hga, vdi dieu kien la phan the hien phai "ro rang, chi'nh xac, on dinh (cong thUc hoa hoc), de tiep can (dSlieu Internet), de hieu, on dinh va khach quan" (dUdc ggi
la 7 tieu chi Sieckmann). Cd the thay, nhij'ng thay ddi Idn nhat ma EUTMD mang lai trong thu tuc nop ddn nhan hieu d EU chmh la loai bd bieu thj dd hga va ve cd ban thay the nd bang tieu chf Sieckmann^^.
Dua tren 7 tieu chi Sieckmann, Australia da xay dUng quy djnh chi tiet hdn ve cac trUdng hdp loai trU bao hg nhan hieu mui, gdm: (1) mui tU nhien cua hang hda (nhUng san pham cd san mui nhu my pham, thiJc pham, mui go cho san pham go, mui cao su cho Idp xe); (2) mui dung de che giau mui tU nhien cua hang hda (mui xa chanh cho nadc bon cau); (3) mui pho bien (vi du mui cay sa, mui chanh...); (4) mui phai khac biet vdi chinh hang hda dd, nd khong phai dac tmh tU nhien cung khdng phai dac tinh du kien cua hang hda ma la thU gl dd dUdc them vao de xac djnh hang hda cija ngUdi ndp ddn tU nhu'ng san pham khac trong ciling thj trudng (vi du mui hoa dai cho sdi chi theu, hay cac loai nude hoa qua cho dau dpng cd tdng hdp). Miji hUdng la thU gl dd bat thudng dUdc them vao hang hda de hd trd xac djnh chung thdng qua cac phUdng tien khUu giac tU cac san pham tUdng tu cija cac thUdng nhan khac. Nam 2009, Cd quan Nhan hidu Australia da cap van bang bao hg dau tien cho nhan hieu mui khuynh diep cho san pham gay danh golf cOa E-Concierge Australia Pty Ltd^^.
Ngay nay vdi sii phat trien cua cdng nghe, thiet bj dien tCf cd the tai tao lai cac miJi_hUdng khac nhau theo hudng dan cua
2 S | i t t p 7 / c u r i a e u r o p a . e u / j u r i s / i i s l e j s l ? num-C-273/00.
^•https://search.ipaustralia.govau/trademarks/
search/view/1241420'^S-63f2e878'7af7-43a4- 825f-b4390440efbe,
KHOAHOC \, So 4 nam 2020 g j u e N G H l V
I Dien dan Khoa hpc va Cong nghe
may tinh. Viec phien ban dai dien chp mill huong dang ky cd the sdm dUdc the hien dudi dang tep dien t i . Day la mdt giai phap tot CO the tuan thu tat ca 7 tieu chi Sieckmann, bao gom ca kha nang de dang truy cap bdi tat ca cong Chung. Theo dd, cac tap tin mill hUdng cd the dUdc cdng bo, tra cifu va sao chep lai theo y mudn. Su phat trien va tdc do ap dung loai cdng nghe nay se tap thuan Idi cho qua thnh dang ky va cdng bo cac ddn nhan hieu mill. (Vldt nhan hidu miii huong sau sU phat triln ciia cdng ngh|
cd the se trd nen tiep can de dang nhu mdt nhan hieu thdng thudng. Ngoai ra, viec cung cap bang chdng sii dung de chdng lai viec hiiy hieu luc cung se khdng cdn bat kha thi nhU hien nay, do khdng cd each thilc ghi nhan lai viec sir dung. VI vay, viec thuc thi quyen doi vdi nhan hieu mill cung la mdt van de Idn khi khd cd the luu glO bang chirng sii dung cua ddi thii khi phat hien ngoai viec bat qua tang. Ngay ca khi cd dUdc bang chirng ve xam pham nhJn hieu mill, cac co quan thuc thi cung se gap lung timg khdng kem phan xac lap quyen so vdi vide thUc thi quyen cac nhan hieu dang khac. Do dd, nhan hieu mui chi cd t h i thUc su phat huy tac dung ciia nd khi cdng nghe thuc su phat triln.
Vdlthuc tien bliohdnhlSu thap kJ qua ciia mdt so quoc gia tren t h i giai, CO t h i thay rang de dat
a mdt quy dinh chap thuan bao hd nhan hieu am thanh va rnui iTL duyln bap hd cac nhan nhan hisu mill se la mdt khd khan - - J w r c h o Viet Nam. Nhat r ^ k r c d s f i v m chat hien tai oOa
Cd quan tham dmh chUa dap Ung dUdc yeu cau tham djnh cac loai nhan hieu cd each the hien phUc tap nhu nhan hieu am thanh va mui.
Ve dieu kien bao ho, budc dau tien cd the thuc hien la sQa ddi dieu kien bao hd nhan hieu theo Dieu 72 Luat Sd hUu tri tue, theo dd, cho phep nhan hieu dUdc bao hp neu dap Ung dieu kien "la dau hieu nhin thay duac va dau hieu khong nhin thay dUdc dudi dang chUcai, tif ngQ, hinh ve, hinh anh, ke ca hinh ba chieu hoac sU ket hdp cac yeu to do, dUdc the hien bang mot hoac nhieu mau sac hoac cac hinh thUc khac". Ben canh dd, cd the bd sung khai niem ve nhan hieu am thanh va mui tai Didu 4 cua Luat de lam rd hinh thUc bao hg cua cac nhan hieu nay. Tai cac qudc gia thanh vien cua CPTPP, hien tai ch!
cd Australia va Nhat Ban la cd hudng dan kha chi tiet, cac qudc gia cdn lai chi cd quy djnh chung trong luat.
Ve tai lieu ndp ddn, nhan hieu am thanh hoan toan cd the dUdc nop thdng qua cac vat mang dU lieu nhu cac ban nhac tren giay, ban dd hpa, file nen dien tCf... Cac tai lieu nay cd the the hien dUdi nhieu dang khac nhau, giup tham dinh vien, ngudi nop ddn, va cac ben thU ba khac cd the tiep can de dang. Tuy nhien, tai lieu yeu cau de bao ho nhan hieu mm hUdng lai can sU linh hoat hdn de tranh di vao "vet xe dd" tU nhUng vu kien tung keo dai gay tranh cai ve bao hd nhan hieu mui hudng giUa ngudi nop ddn va ECJ. Cac vu tranh chap trong qua trinh xac lap quyen giUa ngudi nop ddn va cac cd quan khieu nai la mot kmh nghiem tot de xay dUng nhOng ban hudng dan, chang han cac tai lieu md ta cd the dUdc ap dung linh hoat nhung dam bao dUdc
cac tieu chi Sieckmann. NhOng tai lieu nop ddn thdng thoang cua Hoa K^ thuc d^y sd lUdng nop ddn nhan hieu mui va am thanh tai nude nay cd sd lUdng nhieu nhat tren the gidi.
Mac du vay, viec mpi ngUdi cd the tiep can vdi cac nhan hieu mui qua Internet hien nay la dieu bat kha thi. Dieu nay d i n tdi cac khd khan trong viec thuc day cac chu ddn nop ddn nhan hieu miii hUdng, khd khan trong viec duy tri nhan hieu, cung cap bang chUng SLf dung va thuc thi quyen khi bi xam pham. Do dd, cac cd quan nhan hieu va cac chu ddn nhan hieu thay rang chi cd cong nghe hien dai mdi khac phuc dUdc nhOng khd khan trong qua trinh nop ddn dang ky nhan hidu mui, gdm viec (i) tao ra cdng nghe Ung dung rgng rai tren cac may tinh thiet bj phat ra mui tich hdp va (ii) xay dung h§ thdng phan loai qudc te cho cac loai miJi vdi cac mau miii ed du tinh dn dinh va dd ben ma moi ngUdi cd the truy cap trUc tuydn.
Cuoi cung, de hd tro thij tuc dang ky bao hp cac nhan hieu chUa cac dau hieu khdng nhin thay dUdc ndi chung, can co sU ddng bg ve he thdng dU lieu.
Trong dd, toan bo cac thdng tin dO lieu dang ky bao hp cua cac qudc gia chap thuan biio hd nhan hieu am thanh va miii can dUdc tnen khai tnic tuyen. Cac tai lidu true tuyen se duoc sij' dung de dang tai lai tren Cdng bao s6 hUu cdng nghiep true tuyen cung nhU he thdng dO lieu tra edu ma bat ky ai cd Internet deu cd the tiep can dudc^
