Mdi tUdng

NGHIEN CUU THl/C TliN GlAO DUC

Mdi tUdng quan giOTa sd thich mon hpc STEIVI

vdi sd thich cua hpc sinh phd thong tai tinh Khanh Hoa

Phan fltilc Ngai', Le Nguyen Hong Hanh^

' Email. phandLcngai@ukh.edi.vn

^ Email. lengjvenhonghanh@ukh.edu.vn Tnldig Dai hoc Kharh Hoa S5 01 Nguyen Chanh, Thanh pho Nha Trang, linh KhSnh Hoa, Vi^t Nam

TOM TAT: Mol tUOng quan gida sd thfch mdn hgc STEM vdi sd thich cua hoc smh phd thdng tai tinh Khinh Hoa dUOc xic dinh bang phep phin tich tUdng quan da biin (CCA). Kit qui cho thiy sd thfch mdn hgc STEM cd moi tUOng quan chit che vi chi phoi sd thfch cua hoc sinh pho thdng Nha Trang, Khanh Hd^ Vivay, ddi vdi hoc smh pho thdng d thinh phd Nha Trang, nha trddng ndn thiit kicic chu de giao due STEM vi tSchdc cho hoc sinh trii nghiem sing tao STEM theo sd thfch cugc song vdi sd thfch mdn hgc STEM nham kfch thich tinh hUng phin, khoi day tiem nang, sd trddng cua hgc sinh. Ket qui nghieri cdu niy gdp phan cung cap cO sd khoa hoc thuc tien cho viec thiit ki cac chd de giao due STEM phu hdp vdi hoc sinh pho thdng Nha Trang, tlnh Khinh Hda.

TLf KHOA: Mdi tUdng quan; sd thich mdn hpc STEM; s6 thich cugc sdng; Khdnh Hda.

-» Nhan bai 05/8/2019 •> N h ^ icet qua phan bien va chinii sila 10/9/2019 •» Duyet ffang 25/10/2019.

1 . Dat van de

Giao due (GD) STEM la mo hinh GD dua tren each tigp can lien mon, giup hoc sinh (HS) ap dung cac Itiln thiic khoa hoc, cong nghe, kl thuat va toan hoc vao giai quyet mot s6 vkn dk thuc tiln trong b6i canh cu the [1]. GD STEM duoc nhidu nuac tren thg gidi ap dung, triSn khai rat hieu qua. 6 Viet Nam, GD STEM da duac Bp GD&DT cho phep trien khai thi diem a mot so trucmg pho thong tren ca nuac. Dac biet, trong ch^iong trinh GD pho thong 2018, GD STEM dugc dmh huang sir dung trong cac mon hoc nhu:

Toan hpc, Khoa hpc, Khoa hpc tu nhien. Vat li, Hoa hpc, Sinh hpc, Cong nghe. Tin hpc [1]. Tuy nhien, de mo hinh GD STEM phat huy dugc tinh uu viet va dat hieu qua cao trong cac trudng pho thong tai Viet Nam thi can phai xay dung dugc mo hinh GD STEM phu hgp vai sa thich HS va boi canh cu the timg dia phuang.

Khanh Hoa nam 6 khu vuc Nam Trung Bp cua VietNam, CO dieu kien tu nhien thuan lai cho phat trien du heh, kinh tk bien, dich vu, tai chinh, bat dgng san, khoa hgc cong nghe,... B6i canh nay co anh huang rat Ion den GD gia dinh, trucmg hpc va xa hgi. Tir do, chi phoi viec hinh thanh so thich cupc s6ng cua HS, qua do anh huong toi sa thich mon hgc STEM. Vi vay, dl co mo hinh GD STEM phii hpp voi bdi canh tinh Khanh Hoa, can co nghien cuu moi tuang quan giura so thich cuoc song va sa thich mon hgc STEM nhkm phat huy tinh uu viet ciia mo hinh STEM

T6ng hgp cac nghien cixu ve GD theo dinh huang STEM [2], [3] cho th§y, da so cac nghien cuu deu de cap toi hinh Ihirc, phuang phap t6 chirc cac hoat dong trai nghigm sang tao trong nha tnrcmg ph6 thong. Cac thong tin ve moi tuong quan giua sa thich mon hgc STEM vdi sa thich cugc song cua HS ph6 thong hoan toan chua dugc dk cap. Vi thg, nghien cuu m6i tuang quan giira sa thich mon lipc voi sd thich cupc sdng ciia HS pho thong la viec lam can thiit va

ckp bach nh§m gop phln cung cap ca sd khoa hpc thuc tiln cho viec thilt kl cac chii dk GD STEM phu hgp vdi HS ph6 thong tai Nha Trang, tinh Khanh Hda.

2. No! d u n g n g h i e n cuTu 2.1. PhiTdng phap nghien ciilu Phuong phdp nghien cuu li ludn

Nghien cuu GD STEM [4], chuang trinh GD pho thong 2018 [l],sd thich cupc sdng [5],

Phuang phdp nghiin cuu

- Lap phi6u dieu tra sd thich mon hgc STEM, sd thich cugc song ciia HS d cac khdi ldp khac nhau. Mdi khoi khao sat 7 ldp dai dien, moi ldp khao sat 20 HS dai dien cho cac HS dat loai hgc luc khac nhau nhu loai gidi, loai kha, loai trung binh, loai yeu, loai kem. Mdi trudng khao sat 28 ldp vdi tong sd 560 HS. Khao sat 5 trudng pho thong d thanh phd Nha Trang, tinh Khanh Hda.

- Phan tich mdi tuang quan giira sd thich mdn hpc STEM vdi sd thich cugc song bang phep phan tich tuang quan da biln (Canonical Correspondence Analysis - CCA) [6] tren ph^n mlm Past V.3.07 [7] theo hudng din cua Phan Diic Ngai va cgng su (2018) [8],

- Mdl tuong quan giua so thich mdn hpc STEM vdi sd thich cugc sdng ciia HS phd thong thanh phd Nha Trang, tinh Khanh Hoa dugc phan tich dua vao kit qua thdng ke da biln vk mdi lien he giira sd thich cupc sdng vdi sd thich mdn hgc STEM ctia HS pho thdng theo chuang trinh GD phd thdng hien hanh [9].

- Xae dinh ylu t6 sd thich mon hgc STEM co y nghla chi phdi sd thich cuoc song dugc lua chpn theo phuang phap chon tiln tdi (forward selection) ciia Ter n i r' T

F. (1986) [6]. ^ rBraakC.J.

Phdn lieh vd xir li so Uiu

- Su dung phan mem Excel 2016 dl ma hoa s6 i'"

. TAP CHi KHOA HOC GiAO DiJC ViET [JAM

Phan Ode Ngai, Le Nguyen H6ng Hanh

- Ma hoa cac cum tu vl sd thich cude sdng [10]: Hpi hga (Hoihoa), Lam tha (Lamtho), Lam vudn (Lamvuon), Nghe nhae (Nghenhac), Choi bong (Choibong), Xem bdng da (Xembongda), Udng tra (Uongtra), Udng cafe (Uong- cafe), Chai dien tu (Choidientu), Xem tivi (Xemtivi), ludt Intemet (Luotintemet), Dgc truyen tranh (Doctruyentranh), Dgc sach (Docsach), Viet van (Vietvan), Viet nhat ky (Vi- etnhatky), Tu truyen (Tutruyen), Blog, Facebook, Suu tap (Suutap), Anh (Anh).

- Sir dung phan mem Past V.3.07 [7] theo hudng dan [8]

dl truy xuat bieu do, hinh anh, bang bieu ve mdi quan he sa thich mdn hpc STEM vdi sd thich cude sdng. Trong bieu dd, loai sd thich cude sdng nao phan bd cang gan vdi dudng thing bieu thi sd thich mdn hgc STEM thi co quan he eang gSn giii va chiu su chi phdi cua sd thich mon hgc STEM do ciia HS.

2.2. fldi tudng nghien cdu

Tuong quan giija sd thich mdn hgc STEM va sd thich cupc song Clia HS phd thdng tai thanh phd Nha Trang, tinh Khanh Hda.

2.3. Ket qu^ nghien cdu

2.3.L Mdi tLfdng quan gida sd thich mon hoc STEM vdi sd fhich cua hpc sinh khdi 6

Ket qua phan tich tuang quan da bien (CCA) cho thay, giii'a sd thich mdn hpc STEM vdi sd thich eiia HS khdi 6 CO mdi quan he chat che vdi dp tin cay 76% (Miic do sai khac cd y nghTa bang 0,24) (xem Bang 1, Hinh 1). Trong do, mdt sd sd thich cua HS chiu su chi phdi manh me ciia sa thich mdn hgc STEM nhu: Sa thich ludt intemet, blog, viet nhat ki chiu su chi phoi ciia mdn Cdng nghe; Sd thich dpc truyen tranh, nghe nhae chiu su chi phdi ciia mdn Vat li; Sd thich xem ti vi, lam vudn ehiu su chi phdi ciia mon

Hda hgc; Sd thich udng cafe, ludt facebook chiu su chi phdi Clia mdn Toan hgc.

I ^ ™ ' «'

IV

n

DI Hinh I. Mdi tuang quan giiia s& thich mdn hoe STEM v&i sd thich cua HS khoi 6

2.3.2. Mdi tiidng quan gifla so thich mon hgc STEM vdi sfi thfch cua hoc sinh khdi 7

Ket qua phan tich tirang quan da bien (CCA) cho th4y, giua sd thich mdn hgc STEM vdi sd thich ciia HS khoi 7 cd mdi quan he chat che vdi dp tin cay 74% (Miic do sai khac CO y nghia bSng 0,258) (xem Bang 2, Hinh 2). Trong dd, mpt sd sd thich ciia HS chiu su chi phdi manh me cua sd thich mdn hpc STEM nhu: Sd thich nghe nhae chm su ehi phdl ciia mdn Cong nghe; Sd thieh udng tra chiu su chi phdi Clia mon Sinh hpc; Sd thich xem ti vi chiu su chi phdi cua mdn Hda hpc.

2.3.3, IVldi tiidng quan giii'a sfi thich mon hgc STEM vfii sd thich cua hpc sinh khdi 8

Ket qua phan tich tuang quan da bien (CCA) cho thay, giira sd thich mdn hgc STEM vdi sd thfch ciia HS khdi 8 CO mdl quan he chat che vdi dp tin cay 56,9% (Miic dp sai khac cd y nghia bang 0,431) (xem Bang 3, Hinh 3). Trong

Being 1: Yeu td sfi thich mdn tipc STEM cd y nghia ctii phdi sd thicti cua HS khdi 6 dUdc lira chpn theo phiidng phap chpn tien tfii

Taong quan cua yeu to sc) thich mon hoc STEIVI vdi thil t i / cac true (1} Toan hoc

(2)VStli (3) Hoa hoc (4) Sinh hoc (5) Cong nghe

0.212 0.023 -0.232 -0.196 -0.114

0.1 -0 093 -0.036 0.007 0 1 5 3

0.061 0.031 0 093 -0.072 0.037

0.129 0.089 0 061 0 1 6 4 0.153

0.24 0.054 0.08 0.109 0.095

Bien thien phan tram iuy tien ti/dng quan giifa st) thich ctia HS vdi sd thich mon hoc STEIVI

J o r i g g i a t r l eigen c6 gidi han (Canonical eigen values) Jfltfc So sai khac co j nghfa cua tdng gia tri eigen bang Monte Cario tt

So 22 thang 10/2019 105

^^^7^ NGHIEN Ciiru THl/CTliN GIAO DUC

B^ng 2: Yeu to sd thich mon hqc STEM co y nghia chi phoi s6 thich cua ttS khoi 7 SMc lUa ction theo phUdng phap chon t i e n i o i

TilOng quan ciia yeu to sd thich mon hoc STEM v6i thil ti/ cSc tnic (1}ToSnhoc

(2) Vat li

(4) Smh hoc (5) Cdng nghe Gi^triei

Bien thign phan tram luy tien toong quan giiia scf tfiich cua HS vdi sd thich mon hoc STEM

Tdng gia tn eigen CO giOi han (Canonicai eigen vaiues)

IViOc iJO sai khtic c6 y nghia cua tdng pia tri eigen bang IVionte Cario test

56.02 76.8 8 1 7 1 90.743 94.72

0.114 0.258

1 \ ^

IV "°*

II

COMGMShE j j ^

1 "KltlCNSHE II

, y TOAN _ ^ ^ -"•' J I l

Hinh 2: Moi tucmg quan giiea s& thich mdn hoe STEM vai Hinh 3. Mdi tucmg quan giira sd thich mdu hgc STEM v&i s& thich ciia HS khdi 7 sa thich cua HS khdi 8

Bdng 3. Yeu to sd thich mon hpc STEM co y nghia chi phoi sfi thich cCia HS khdi 8 QMc lira chpn theo phiidng phap chon tien tdi

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ • ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 1

TUdng quan Clia yeu (1) Toan hoc (2) vat ii (3) Hda hoc (4) Sinh hoc (5) Cdng nghe Giti tn eigen

td sd thich mdn hoc STEI^ vdi thO tu cac true

Bidn thien phSn tram iijy hen tudng quan gifla sd thich cua mdn hoc STEiyi

Tdng gia tri eigen cc Qidi han (C MOc dd sai khac cd y nghla cua

anonicai eigen values)

HS vdi sd thich

tdng gia tri eigen bSng Monte Cario test -0.174 0.134 0.06 0.125 -0.167 0.027 63

-0.134 0 082 0.207 0 089 0.223 0.023 68 6

-0.214 -0.207

•0.057 0.074 -0.15 0.013 81.69

0 054 -0.038 0 1 1 1 -0.11 -0.096 0 006 9 1 1 5 2

-0.19 -0.053 -0.12 -0.224 -0 044 0.003 95.548 0.072 0.431

, TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO OUC VIET NAM

Phan Oflc Ngai, Le Nguyen H3ng Hanh

do, mOt s6 sa thich ciia HS chiu s\r chl ph6i manh me cua sd thich mon h^c STEiM ohir: So thich luot intemet chiu sir chi ph6i cua m6n Cong nghe; So thich blog, facebook chiu sir chi ph6i cua mon Hoa hoc; Scr thich dgc truyen tranh chiu SII chi ph6i cua mon Toan hoc.

2.3.4. Moi tiidng quan giQa sd thich mon hpc STEM v6i sd thich ciia hpc sinh khoi 9

Kit qua phan tich tucmg quan da bi8n (CCA) cho thSy, giiia sa thich mon hoc STEM vai sa thich ciia HS kh6i 9 CO m6i quan he chat che vai do tin cay 66,4% (IVIiic do sai khac c6 y nghia bang 0,336) (xem Bang 4, Hinh 4). Trong do, mOt so so thich cua HS chiu su chi phoi manh me cua sd thich mon hoc STEM nhu: Scr thich uong cafe chiu su chi phoi cua mon Cong nghe; Sa thich luot intemet chiu su chi phoi cua mon Hoa hgc; Sa thich siru tap chiu su chi phoi Clia mon Vat Ii; So thich uong tra chiu sir chi phoi cua mon Sinh hgc.

sa thich mon hgc STEM vai sa thich ciia HS ph6 thong tlnh Khanh Hoa. Tuy nhien, co sir khac nhau vk do tin cay giiia cac khoi 6, 7, 8 va 9. Trong do, d6 tin cay vk m6i tirong quan giira so thich mon hgc STEM voi sa thich cua HS Ichdi 6 va 7 chigm ti le cao han (74 - 76%) so vai HS khdi 8 va 9 (56 - 66,4%) (xem Hinh 5). Vi vay, d6i vai HS ph6 thong a thanh pho Nha Trang, nha trucmg nen thiSt kl cac chu dk GD STEM va t6 chirc cho HS trai nghiem sang tao STEM theo sa thich cupc s6ng voi sa thich mon hgc STEM nhSm kich thich tinh hung phan, khai day tiSm nang, so truang Clia HS. Thong qua hinh thuc trai nghiem nay, giup HS lmh hgi kign thiic sa thich mon hgc STEM nhanh va hieu qui nhat.

Dp tm cEiy (%)

Hinh 4. Mdi tucmg quan giira s& thich mdn hgc STEM v&i sa thich cua HS khdi 9

2.4. Thao luan

Ket qua nghieu cuu tren cho thky, co m6i tuang quan giua

Khoi 6 Khei 7 Klioi 8 KhSi 9 Klioi lioc smh

Hinh 5. Do tin cgy mdi tuong quan giUa sa thich mdn hgc STEM vdi sd thich eiia HSphd thdng Nha Trang

3. Ket lu§n

KSt qua phan tich tuong quan da bien (CCA) cho thay, sa thich mon hgc STEM co moi tuang quan chat che va chi phoi sa thich cua HS pho thong Nha Trang, tinh Khanh Hoa.

BSng 4. Yeu to sd thich mon hoc STEM co y ngliia ctii plioi sd tiiich cua HS khoi 9 diidc lira chon theo phiidng phap chon tien tdi

^^^^I^^H^H^H^HH

TUdng quan cua yeu td sd thich mdn hoc STEiyi vdi thfl to cac true (1} To^n hgc

(2) Vlt 11 (3) Hda hoc (4) Sinh hoc (5) Cdng nghe Gi3 tri eigen

Bien thidn phan tr^m iuy tidn tudng quan giOa sd thich cude thich mdn hoc STEM

Tdng g i i tli eigen cd gidi han Mflc dd sai khlc cd y nghia

(Canonical eigen values)

sdng vdi sd

:ua tdng g i i tri eigen b l n g lyionte Cario test 0.215 0.155 0.129 -0.203 0.212 0.031 62.37

0.076 -0.193 0.013 -0.071 -0.003 0.023

71.79 0 1 6 2 -0.001 -0.139 -0.006 0.031 0.016 79.91

-0.02 0.013 -0.045 -0.134 -0.158 0.009 88.92

-0.191 -0.082

•0.137 -0.114 0.01 0.002 97.002 0 081 0 336

Sd 22 thing 10/2019 107

NGHIEN cufu THLTC T I I N G I A O DUC

Vi vay, doi voi HS pho thong 6 thanh ph6 Nha Trang, nha tnrong nen thiet k^ cac chu dk GD STEM va t6 chuc cho HS trai nghiem sang tao STEM theo s o thich cugc s6ng vai sa thich mon hgc STEM nham kich thich tinh hung p h i n ,

khai day tiam nang, s a truang cua HS. K i t qua nghien cuu , X i. - 1 . 1 tu-.rf tiln cho viec nay gop phan cung cap c o so khoa hgc tnirc i"^' _ thiet k i cac chu dk G D STEM phii hap vai HS pho thong thanh ph6 Nha Trang, tinh Khanh H o a ^ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ^ Tai li€u tham khao

[1] B9 Giao due va Dao tao, (2018), Chuang trinh Gido due pho thong, chucmg trinh long thi duge ban hdnh kem Iheo Thong tu so 32/2018/TT-BGDDT ngdy 26 thdng 12 ndm 20IS, Ha'Noi.

[2] Biii Ng9C Diep, (2015), Hinh thirc to chiec cdc hoat dgng trdi nghiem sdng tgo trong nhd tru&ng pho thong. Tap chi Khoa hoc Giao due, so 113, tr.37-43.

[3] Nguyen Thi Kim Dung - Nguyen Thi Hang, (2015), Mol so phirong phdp to chirc hogt dgng trdi nghiem sdng tao cho hoc sinh pho thong. Tap chi Khoa hoe Giao due, tr.60.

[4] Bg Giao due va Dao tao, (2019), Tdi lieu tap hudn xdy dung vd thuc hien cdc chu de gido due STEM, Tai lieu liru hanh ngi bg, Ha Noi.

[5] Ter Braak C. J. R, (1986), Canonical correspondence analysis- a new eigenvector lechnigue for multivariate direct gradient analysis. Ecology, 67, p. 1167 - 1179.

[6] Natural History Museum, (1999-2015), Paleontological Statistics Version 3.07, Norway, University of Oslo.

[7] Phan Due Ngai, (01/2018), Mdi quan he giiea sa thich mon hoc v&i dinh hu&ng nghe nghiep ciia hgc sinh Tru&ng Trung hoc ca sa Trdn Qudc Todn, thdnh phd Nha Trang. tinh Khdnh Hoa, Tap chi Khoa hgc Giao due Viet Nam,s6l4,p.97-102.

[8] Bg Giao due va Dao tfio, (2006), Chucmg trinh gido due phd Ihong duoc ban hdnh theo Quyit dinh J6/2006/QD- BGDDTngdy 05 thdng 5 nam 2006, Ha Noi.

[9] h t t p s . / / v i w i k i p e d i a . o r g / w i k i / S % E 1 % B B % 9 F _ th%C3%A Dch#cite note-3.

CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN STEM SUBJECTS AND

THE HOBBIES OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AT KHANH HOA PROVINCE

Phan Due Ngai', Le Nguyen Hong IHanh^

' Email. phanducigai@ul<h.edu.vn

^ Email' lenguyenhonghanh@Likh.edii vn University cl Khanh Hoa No,1 Nguyen Chanh, Nha Trang city, Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam

ABSTRACT: Correspondence between STEM subject and students' hobbies at Khanh Hoa province was determined by Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The results showed that STEM subjects were closely related and dominated the interests of high school students In Nha Trang city. Therefore, for high school students in Nha Trang city, the school should design STEM education topics and organize for students to experience STEM creativity in accordance with their life interests and STEM subject interests with the aim to stimulate excitement as welt as arouse students' potential and forte. These results also contribute to the practical scientific foundations for the design of STEM education topics which are suitable for high school students in Nha Trang city of Khanh Hoa province.

KEYWORDS: Correspondence; STEM subjects; life hobby; Khanh Hoa.

108 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM