42 - Khoa h o c C h i n h tri 'Afghien ciiu - 'Trao doi
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ong nghiep hda, h i e n dai hoa la quy luat cua qua t r i n h chuyen bien td san xua't nhd, thu cong len s a n xua't Idn, c6ng nghiep. Tuy n h i e n , qua t r i n h nay phai g a n vdi t i n h dac thu cua tdng qude gia. Ddi vdi nadc ta, xac dinh con dadng CNH, HDH k h o n g dan t h u a n chi la n h a p npi khoa hpc - ky t h u a t t i e n tien td ben ngoai vdi chien lagc "tang tde", "di tat, ddn dau" ma phai ddng thdi p h a t huy "npi lgc". Dd chinh la mpi t i e m n a n g sang tao cua t d n g con ngadi cung n h a eua ea dan toe Viet N a m . Tiem n a n g sang tao dd dage xay dgng dga t r e n n e n t a n g eua mot n e n v a n hda vda t i e n tien, vda dam da b a n sac d a n tpc. Dai hoi Dai bieu toan qudc Ian t h d X cua Dang chi ro: "Tiep tuc p h a t t r i e n sau rpng va n a n g cao chat Iggng n e n v a n h o a Viet••' ThS. KHXH&NV, Trifdng Dai hoc KHXH&NV Tp. Ho Chi Minh
'" DCSVN, Vdn kien Dai hoi dai bieu todn quoc Idn thitX, Nxb CTQG, HN. 2006, t r . l 0 6
N a m t i e n t i e n , d a m da b a n sac dan tde, gan k e t c h a t che va ddng bp ban vdi k i n h te - xa hoi, l a m cho v a n hda tham sau vao mpi l i n h vgc cua ddi song xa hoi. Xay dgng va h o a n t h i e n gia tri, n h a n each con ngadi Viet Nam, bao ve va p h a t huy b a n sac v a n boa dan tpc trong thdi ky CNH, H D H , hoi n h a p kinh te qudc te"'".
Do dd, n g h i e n cdu b a n sac dan tpc cua v a n h d a Viet N a m g a n vdi sg nghiep CNH, H D H da't nadc vda cd y nghia lau dai, vda m a n g t i n h t h d i sg cap bach ea ve ly luan va thgc tien.
1. Q u a n n i e m v e b a n s a c d a n toe c i i a v a n h o a v a b a n s a c d a n t o e cua v a n h o a V i e t N a m
H i e n cd nhieu t h u a t n g d lien quan dang dage suf dgng n h a "ban sac dan tpc", "ban sac v a n hda" h a y k e t h p p "ban sac d a n tpc cua v a n hda", "ban sac van hda d a n tpc". Vay co t h e hieu n h a the nao ve cac t h u a t ngd t r e n ? Theo each hieu nguyen nghia cua t d "ban sac" co
C\[ghien ciiu - 'Trao dd'i 43 - Khoa h o c Chinh tri
nghia n h a sau: vdi td "ban" hay bdn nghia la gdc, cai cdt loi thupc ve phdn minh n h a b a n nguyen (ngudn gdc), ca ban (nen gdc).,. "Sac" nghia la mau, ve, dung mao, sac t h a i . N h a vay, "ban sac"
la tinh chat dac biet vo'n cd, la cai rieng de phan biet vdi n h d n g cai khac. "Ban sac dan tpc" la n h d n g n e t dac biet, dac trufng lam n e n b a n linh, sac t h a i , dau a n rieng eua tdng dan tpc. Do la nhdng n e t de phan biet sg k h a c nhau gida dan tpc nay vdi dan tpc khac.
Ban sac dan tpc khong chi bao gdm van boa ma la t a p hpp n h d n g dac trang cho mot qudc gia. Tuy nhien, khi noi ban sac ciia mot dan toe thi ehu yeu la noi ban sac van boa cua mot d a n tpc, hay ban sac van boa cua dan tpc chinh la noi den sac t h a i dac t r a n g cua dan tpc.
Nha vay, b a n sac v a n hda chinh la sac thai, la cai goc eua mot n e n van hda, nhdng dac trifng rieng kli6ng the tron Mn trong epi ngudn van hda eua moi dan tpc. No dape lang dpng, k e t tinh, dape quy dinh td hoan canh lich sd, dia ly, trinh dp n h a n thdc va thgc tien, t a m ly...
ciia moi dan tpc, tao t h a n h truyen thdng va CO sd tdn tai cho ddi song tinh t h a n dan tpc.
Nhif t r e n da p h a n tich, cd the hieu ban sac dan tpc cua van boa chinh la cot loi, sac thai, dau a n rieng va la linh bdn ciia mot nen van hda. Theo nghia nay, ban sac dan tpc eua v a n hoa gan lien vdi sg tdn tai cua dan tpc. Ban sac dan toe cua van boa con thi dan tpc eon, m a t ban sac dan tpc eua v a n hda thi m a t dan toe. Ban sac dan tde cua van hda bieu hien chu yeu trong cot each t a m bdn cua con ngadi va cac di s a n v a n hda (vat the '""' "-' DCSVN, Vdn kien Hoi nghi Idn thii ndm BCH TU khoa VIH, Nxb CTQG, HN.
1998, tr.6 va 22-23
va phi vat the), the hien trong mpi mat ddi sdng, boat dpng va mdi quan he xa hoi cua moi dan tpc.
Co the n h a n t h a y b a n sac dan tpc eua van hda cd dac diem n h a sau: Thii nhdt, la mot he thong gia tri van boa da dage h i n h t h a n h va p h a t trien trong su6t lich sd eua moi dan tpc, mang dam tri tue, phong each van hoa tao t h a n h sac thai, dau an, ban linh rieng, t h a n h cai cdt loi, tinh tuy, la linh bdn va truyen thdng cua mot dan tpc, the hien trong boat dpng vat chat va tinh t h a n cua moi t h a n h vien trong cong ddng dan tpc;
Thi'i hai, no luon p h a t huy tinh tich egc trong ddi sdng xa hoi daang dai, va the hien khong chi la nhdng gia tri trong qua khd ma con la nhdng gia tri hien thgc, hadng den taang lai.
Dang ta k h a n g dinh: "Bang lao dpng sang tao va y chi dau tranh ben bi, kien cufdng, n h a n dan ta da xay dgng nen mot nen van boa ket tinh sdc manh va in dam dau an b a n sac eua dan tpc, chdng minh sdc song m a n h liet va sg tradng tdn cua dan tpc Viet Nam"'". Va
"ban sac dan tpc cua van hoa Viet Nam bao gdm n h d n g gia tri ben vdng, nhdng tinh hoa dape vun dap n e n qua heh sd h a n g ngan n a m dau t r a n h dgng nadc va gid nade, tao t h a n h nhdng net dac sac cua eong ddng cac dan tpc Viet Nam, con ngufdi Viet Nam. Do la long yeu nifdc ndng nan, y thdc tg cadng dan tpc; tinh t h a n doan ket; tinh cong dong gan ket ca n h a n - gia dinh - lang - nadc; long n h a n ai bao dung, trpng nghia tinh, dao ly; ddc tinh can cu, sang tao trong lao dpng; te nhi trong cuf xd, gian di trong loi sdng... Ban sac dan tpc con dam net trong eac hinh thdc bieu hien mang tinh dan tpc dpe dao"''^'.
Mdi dan tpc deu co dieu kien tg nhien, lich sd, xa hoi rieng tao nen nen
44 - Khoa h o c C h i n h tri '^Ighien ciiu - Trao doi
v a n hoa m a n g b a n sac r i e n g cua t d n g dan tpc. Cd t h e tha'y, eac gia tri b a n sac d a n tpc cua v a n hda Viet N a m dape tao n e n td n h d n g dieu ea b a n sau:
Thii nhdt, qudc gia d a n tpc Viet N a m dape h i n h t h a n h t d ra't sdm, gan lien vdi n e n v a n m i n h n d n g nghiep Ida nadc, vdi h i n h thdc td ehdc cong ddng lang, xa da tao n e n m o t d a n tpc dinh ca, gan bd vdi que h a a n g . To quo'c. Ca dan Viet sdm h i n h t h a n h ve y thdc qudc gia dan tpc va t i n h cam cua m i n h ddi vdi da't nadc.
Thii hai, n h i n m o t each dai t h e , xa hoi Viet N a m chaa bao gid ed m o t p h a a n g thdc s a n xua't h o a n t h i e n , m a t d n t a i mot phaang thdc s a n xua't m a n g t i n h phdc t a p va kho p h a n ky lich sd. Do dd, nd ehi phdi den viec h i n h t h a n h t a p quan, van hda, t a t a d n g va ghi d a m dau a n vao b a n sac v a n hda
d a n tpc.
Thii ba, d a n tde ta td khi h i n h t h a n h qude gia - dan tpc luon neu cao tinh t h a n dau t r a n h chdng giac ngoai xam. Trai qua thdi gian no da dape bun due, k e t t i n h va tao n e n trong ddi sd'ng cua ngadi Viet N a m m o t ban sac rieng in dam dau a n vdi nhdng gia tri t i n h
t h a n cua d a n tpc dage tao n e n n h a m bao ve sg sdng con cua d a n tpc, bao ve dpe lap tg chu cua qude gia.
Thii tu, vi tri dia chinh tri - k i n h te h e t sdc t h u a n Igi cho viec giao lag k i n h te - xa hoi va dac biet la giao lufu v a n
hda. D a n toe Viet N a m ngay t d sdm da biet md rpng, t i e p thu, c h a t Ipc nhdng t i n h hoa v a n h d a n h a n loai. Xet den cung, yeu to' chinh de quyet dinh npi dung va b a n sac d a n toe cua van hda Viet N a m chinh la cupc sinh t d n lich sd
eua d a n tde Viet N a m . .'!,»
2. V a i t r o c i i a b a n s a c d a n t o e v a v a n h o a V i e t N a m t r o n g si^ n g h i e p CNH, H D H d a t nu-dfc
Lich sd p h a t t r i e n cong nghiep hoa t r e n t h e gidi t i n h d e n n a y da dage ban 200 n a m , vdi n h i e u mo h i n h k h a e nhau.
G a n vdi cac mo h i n h eong nghiep boa tuy theo gdc dp n g h i e n cdu cd r a t nhieu quan n i e m k h a e n h a u ve nd. Doi vdi eac nadc p h a t t r i e n t h i xem cong n g h i e p boa la qua t r i n h t i e p tgc dng dgng n h d n g t h a n h tgu khoa hpc - cong n g h e mdi vao cac linh vgc cua xa hoi, thdc day xa hoi phat
t r i e n ban.
Ddi vdi cac nadc dang p h a t trien t h i hieu edng n g h i e p boa la qua trinh sd dgng n h d n g t h a n h tgu khoa hpc - cong nghe de t h a y ddi t o a n bp mpi m a t cua da't nade, thoat khdi ngheo n a n , lac hau.
Va ddi vdi cac nade XHCN d t h a p n i e n 70, 80 cua t h e ky XX t h i xem cong n g h i e p hda la p h a t t r i e n cong n g h i e p n a n g .
Hoi nghi Ian t h d b a y BCH TlT Dang khoa VII da xac dinh: "Cong n g h i e p hda la qua t r i n h chuyen ddi can b a n , toan Trong dong - net die trifng cua van hoa
ddn tSc Vi§t Nam
Anh ST
'Alghien ciiu - Trao doi 45 - Khoa h o c Chinh tri
dien cae b o a t dpng k i n h te xa hoi td sd dung lao dpng thu eong la chinh sang sd dung mot each phd bien sdc lao ddng vdi cong nghe, phaang tien va phaang p h a p tien tien, hien dai, cd k h a n a n g tao r a nang suat lao dpng xa hoi cao"'".
Thuat ngd cong nghiep hda luon gan lien vdi hien dai hda, trd t h a n h mot qua trinh thdng nha't va toan dien. Khai niem hien dai hda dang dape sd dung d nhdng goc dp k h a c nhau. O gdc dp ky thuat, cgm tif "hien dai boa" dage hieu la hien dai boa eong nghe s a n xua't, e6ng cu lao dpng... m a n g mot y nghia tien bp va phat trien, hay ndi mot each khac la sg thay ddi va h o a n t h i e n eua phaang thdc san xua't. PQii xem xet d gdc dp xa hoi, hien dai boa la mot h i n h thdc p h a t trien xa hoi, qua t r i n h cai bien cac linh vgc cua ddi sdng xa hoi td mot xa hoi nong nghiep sang xa hoi cong nghiep, tif truyen thd'ng sang h i e n dai. Co the hieu mot each chung nha't, h i e n dai boa la qua trinh suf dgng cac t h a n h tgu khoa hpc - ky t h u a t tien tien cua n h a n loai de ap dung t r e n mpi linh vgc cua ddi song xa hoi, lam cho xa hoi p h a t t r i e n hien dai, van minh va mge tieu cao n h a t la hien dai hoa ddi song eon ngadi.
Nliavay, CNH, HDH la hai qua t r i n h ndi tiep va dan xen nhau, "CNH, HDH trong thdi dai ngay nay la qua t r i n h cai bien mot xa hoi cd truyen t h a n h mot xa hoi hien dai, cd t r i n h dp v a n minh cao hon, the hien khong chi d t r i n h dp klioa hoc va cong nghe h i e n dai, t i e n tien, co '" DCSVN, Vdn kien Hoi nghi Idn thii bdy BCH TU khoa VII, Liru hanh noi bo, HN.
1994, tr.4
'^' Nguyen Trpng Chuan, Nguyen The Nghia, Dang Hufu Toan (dong chii bien), Cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa a Viet Nam ly luan vd thifc
<ieri, Nxb CTQG, HN. 2002, t r i o '''DCSVN, Sdcf.tr. 15
n e n k i n h te p h a t t r i e n cao, xa hoi dape td chde khoa hpc va hpp ly, ma con d ddi sdng chinh tri, v a n hda, t i n h t h a n cua xa hoi, d sg p h a t t r i e n eon ngadi, gid gin va p h a t huy b a n sac dan tpc"'^'.
Hoi nghi Ian t h d bay BCH TlJ Dang khoa VII da chi rd: "CNH, HDH phai difpc tien h a n h theo m6 h i n h mot n e n kinh te md, ca trong nifde va vdi nifdc ngoai"'^' n h a m "day tdi mot bade sg nghiep CNH, HDH d a t nadc".
Mot mo h i n h CNH, HDH mdi ve chat dape ap dgng vdi nhdng dac diem ndi b a t sau: 1) do la viec chuyen ddi ca che kinh te tao n e n sg thay ddi phaang thdc tien h a n h cong nghiep hoa vdi sg ket hgp cua tdng t h e cac ngudn lgc trong va ngoai nadc; 2) eong nghiep boa gan lien vdi hien dai hda; k e t hgp edng nghe truyen thong vdi cong nghe hien dai, t r a n h thu di n h a n h vao hien dai boa nhdng khau quyet dinh; 3) CNH, HDH thgc hien trong boi canh p h a t trien nen kinh te thi tradng dinh hadng XHCN, lay hieu qua kinh te - xa hoi lam tieu chuan ea ban; 4) CNH, HDH la sg nghiep cua toan dan, eua t a t ca cac t h a n h phan kinh te, trong do kinh td nha nade ddng vai tro ehu dao; 5) khoa hpc va eong nghe dape xac dinh la nen tang, la dpng lgc cua CNH, HDH; 6) CNH, HDH gan lien vdi viec xay dgng n e n kinh te dpe lap tg chu vdi chu dpng hoi n h a p kinh te qude te. Thgc hien mot chinh sach md cda, hadng ra thi tradng the gidi, tao the canh t r a n h va hpp tac qudc te t r e n p h a m vi toan cau.
Xet ve b a n chat chinh tri - kinh te - xa hoi, CNH, HDH d nadc ta khac can b a n so vdi CNH, HDH tdng dien ra d cae nadc t a ban p h a t trien hoac cac nifdc cong nghiep mdi. Bdi vi, cong cupc CNH, HDH d nade ta la de xay dgng CNXH,
"CNH, HDH theo dinh hadng XHCN".
46 - Khoa hoc Chinh tri 'Alghien ciiu - Trao doi
Cho nen, mgc tieu trade mat cung nha mge tieu lau dai can dat tdi trong tien trinh CNH, HDH la vi "Igi ich vat chat va tinh than cua nhan dan, gan tang tradng kinh te vdi tien bd va cong bang xa hoi"'".
Giao sa Hoang Chi Bao eho rang:
"CNH, HDH thgc chat la mot cupc van dpng van hda Idn dien ra tren tat ca eac khu vge eua san xua't va tren toan bp ddi sdng eua chung ta ngay nay"'^'. Lay sdc manh cua ban sac dan tde, phat huy ban sac dan tpc cua van hda Viet Nam lam dpng lgc eho sg nghiep CNH, HDH. Nha vay, ban sac dan tpc cua van hda se phai ddng trade nhdng yeu eau eua thdi dai, tiep bien va phat huy nhdng gia tri van hda truyen thong de tao nen sdc manh npi sinh thue day CNH, HDH. Ddng thdi sg thanh edng cua qua trinh dd se gop phan gid gin va nang cao cae gia tri ban sac dan tpc cua van hda Viet Nam.
Bai hpc kinh nghiem cua Thap ky qudc te phat trien van hda va kinh nghiem cua eac nade tien hanh CNH, HDH trade day cho thay, cae qud'c gia mudn tien den mot sg phat trien theo dung nghia cua nd phai biet dga tren nen tang van hda - ban sac dan toe eua van hoa. Td nhan thdc tren. Dang va Nha nade ta trong qua trinh CNH, HDH da xac dinh: "Phat huy ehu nghia yeu nade va truyen thong dai doan ket dan
'"DCSVN, Vdn kien Hoi nghi Idn thit bdy BCH TUkhoa VH, Nxb CTQG, HN. 1994, tr. 44 '-' Hoang Chi Bao, Vdn hoa vd con ngiCdi Viet Nam trong tien trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa theo tU tudng Ho Chi Minh, Nxb CTQG, HN. 2006, tr.83
,i]va(,5j J3CSVN, Vdn kien Hoi nghi Idn thii ndm BCH TU khoa V / Z / . N x b CTQG, HN. 1998, tr.54-55 va 93
"" DCSVN, Nghi quyet cua Bo Chinh tri ve mot so dinh hicang Ian trong cong tac tu tudng hien nay, Lifu hanh noi bo, HN. 1995, tr.l9
