\KIEN TROC VIET NAM TRONG 801 CANH MIJI
Chuyen doi so va dinh huong phat trien
kien true Viet Nam •
> THS.KTS HO CHi QUANG
' OQ * Om
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Vii muc tieu dua dat nuoc phat trien ben vung, mot trong cac quan diem chi dao Dang Cong sin Viet Nam tai Nghi quyet Dai hoi dai bi@u toan quoc lan tht XIll la ing dung manh me khoa hoc va cong ngh@, nhat la nhO'ng thanh wu cua cuoc cach mang cong nghiep lin tht tu, tao dong lyc manh me cho phat trien nhanh va ben vtng. Tai phan Dinh hliong phat trien dat nuoc giai doan 2021 - 2030 neu ro "Day manh chuyen doi so quoc gia, phat trien kinh te so tren nen tang khoa hoc va cong nghe, ddi mdi sang tao" va "Thuc day nghien cuu, chuyen giao, Ing dung manh me thanh tl,(u cua cu9c each m9ng cong nghi¢p Ian thu tu vao moi linh vuc cua ddi song xa h9i, chu tr9ng m9t so nganh, linh vuc trong diem, co tiem nang, lgi the de lam d9ng llfc cha tang trliong theo tinh than bat kip, tien cung va Vlic;1t len0o m9t so linh Vl/C so vdi khu Vl/C va the gioi". [1]
Thu tliong Chfnh phu da phe duy¢t "Chuong trlnh Chuyen doi so quoc gia den nam 2025, dinh huong den nam 2030" tai Quyet dinh so 749/QO-TTg. Theo d6, den nam 2030 Vi¢t Nam tro thanh quoc gia so, on dinh va thinh vliqng, tien phong thu' nghi¢m cac cong ngh¢ va mo hlnh moi; doi moi can ban, toan di¢n ho9t d9ng quan ly, dieu hanh cua Chfnh phu, ho9t d9ng san xuat kinh doanh cua doanh nghi¢p, phuong thuc song, lam vi~c cua nguoi dan, phat trien moi truong so an toan, nhan van, r9ng khap. Mai co quan, to chuc va ca quoc gia can tan dung tdi da co hoi de phat trien Chinh phu so, kinh te so, xa h9i so, trong d6, vi¢c xac dinh som 19 trlnh va day nhanh tien trinh chuyen doi so trong tung nganh, tung l'inh vl,(c, tung dia phliong c6 y nghia song con, la co h9i de
phat trien cac nganh, l'inh Vl/C, dia phliong va nang cao thu hang quoc gia. Oi nhanh, di trlioc giup de thu hut nguon ll,fc.
Neu di cham, di sau, khi chuyen doi so da tr@ thanh xu hung pho bien thl nguon llfc tro nen khan hiem, co h9i se ft di, se bo lo co h9i phat trien.
Ngay 31/7/2020, 89 trliong 89 Xay dl,fng da ban hanh Quyet dinh so 1004/Q0-8XD ve vi¢c phe duy¢t "Ke hoach Chuyen doi so nganh Xay dl,fng giai doan 2020 - 2025, dinh huong den nam 2030".
C6 the n6i, vi¢c gan dlia chu trliong chuyen doi so vao dinh huong phat trien kien true Vi¢t Nam *n 2030 va tam nhln 2050 vua la nhi¢m Vl,I chfnh tr! vua la yeu ciu het stc cap thiet doi voi nganh Xay dl,fng n6i chung va hoat dong kien truc n6i rieng de hung tdi muc tieu 2030 Vi¢t Nam "la nuoc dang phat trien, co cong nghi@p hien dai". De thuc hien chu trliong cua Oang va Chfnh phu can Cl,! the h6a, lam r6 cac yeu cau dat ra vdi nen kien truc*n* do xay dung dinh hung phu hqp dieu ki¢n Vi¢t Nam va dam baa phat trien ben vO'ng.
1>01 NET VE CHUYEN 1>61
s6
Nhung nam cu6i the ky 20, the gioi bien doi ky di¢u nho cong nghe che tao may tinh va phat trien manh me he thong IT (Information technology) cung nhu cac san pham khac di kem. Thap ky*n* 1990, vi¢c phat trien cua cong ngh¢ World Wide Web da lam cha ngay ca nhung nglioi khong chuyen nghiep cung co the su' dl,lng internet. M9t trong nhO'ng thanh tl,(u Ion lao cua internet la tao ra the gioi phang tren xu the toan cau h6a, blnh dang ve thong tin va cung cap tri thuc cho nhan lo9i. Oong thoi trong nganh cong ngh¢ di¢n tu' cac chip xt ly cia may tfnh cung lien tl,lc duqc nghien cuu phat trien toe d9 xu' ly kh6ng ngung. Oinh lu~t Moore: i Pd luqng
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transistor tren moi dem vi inch vuong se tang len gap doi sau moi 24 thang" [1] ly giai vi sao nha san xuat phan cung cac may tfnh c6 the giam gia thanh trong khi van tiep tuc nang cao hi¢u suat cua phan cung may tfnh.
Cong ngh¢ truyen phat v¢ tinh (Satellite Technology) von dung trong quan slf nay da dVQ'C dan slf h6a va phu s6ng toan cau, tao cac netwwork toi nhung mien xa xoi heo lanh nhat cua the gidi ket ndi moi th't vdi nhau thong qua cac may tfnh va sever, tram may chu da quoc gia, ho~c cac trf tu¢ nhan tao ao Al (Artificial Intelligence)
•·
ly m9i vi¢c khien cho tv duy truyen thong phat trien kinh te, xa h9i cho den linh vlfc chfnh tri nhvdieu hanh chfnh phu di¢n tu, bau cu...deu thay doi, va nhu vay bat dau cuoc cach mang 4.0 va cong cuoc chuyen ddi so tren toan cau.Do phat trien nhanh nen "Chuyen doi s6" chva c6 m9t dinh nghia chung. Tham khao quoc te, voi Tech Republic - Tap chf trlfc tuyen, c9ng dong xa h9i danh cho cac chuyen gia cong ngh¢ thong tin, khai ni¢m chuyen doi so la "each
◊·
d1,1ng cong ngh¢ de thlfc hi¢n 19i quy trlnh sao cho hi¢u qua han hoac hieu qua hem" [2]. Voi hang Microsoft: "chuyen doi so la vi@c tu duy lai cach thic cac td chic tap hgp moi nguoi, du li¢u va quy trlnh de tao nhitng gia tri moi" [3].
0
Vi¢t Nam, FPT va m9t so doanh nghi¢p IT hang dau thi quan diem chuyen ddi so trong to chuc, doanh nghi¢p la qua trlnh thay doi tu mo hlnh truyen thong sang doanh nghi¢p so bang each ap d1,1ng cong ngh¢ moi nhvduli¢u Ion (Big Data), Internet van vat (loT), dien toan dam may (Cloud), trf tu¢ nhan tao Al... thay doi phvong thuc dieu hanh, lanh dao, quy trlnh lam vi¢c, van h6a to chuc [4].Theo tac gia, Chuyen ddi so la
◊·
d1,1ng cong ngh¢ de phat trien cac ciu truc ha tang moi va dieu chinh cac moi quanh¢ thvqng tang cu trong qua trinh phat trien kinh te xa h(>i, khong chi voi phvong thuc san xuat ma ca nhan thic ca con ngVoi. Ve tam quan trong co the n6i, tac d(>ng den xa h(>i loai ngVoi nhV ljch
◊·
da ghi nh~n bvoc chuyen thoi ky do da chuyen sang do dong, do sat ...Ro rang, Vi¢t Nam dang dung trvoc thu thach ve doi moi va co h(>i vo cung to Ion de phat trien nhanh, tro thanh cvong quoc thong qua chuyen doi so buoc thang vao xa hoi hau cong nghi¢p [SJ, khi ma nguon llfc chu yeu se la tri thuc, co so du li¢u la tV ban va tai nguyen cua nen kinh te. Kinh te the gidi se doi mdi do dugc thay ddi ca ban ve caiu truc cac mdi tvong tac giua kinh te va xa hoi. Cac chuong trinh phan mem da dieu khien hoac quan ly dieu tiet khong chi cong nghiep va thuong mai (trong d6 co linh vuc kien tric xay dlfng) ma ca giai trf, bao chf, giao d1,1c, Ian chfnh trl va quoc phong.
MOI QUAN H~ GIO'A CHUYEN n61
FS
v(11 KltN TROC Kien tric la nghe thuat va khoa hoc, ky thuat ve td ch'tc khong gian, tao lap moi truing song ben vtng dap ing nhu cau cua con ngVoi va xa h(>i [6]. Do d6 khi nen khoa hoc ky thuat va kinh te, xa h(>i tren toan cau cung chuyen doi co cau, hlnh thanh cac cau true moi thl dvong nhien kien true phai chuyen doi de dap ung "Cong ngh¢ dlnh hlnh kinh te, va kinh te dinh hinh xa hoi" [7].D€ tao lap moi truing sing ben vtng thl kien tric phai dugc dinh hinh phat trien hai hoa gita phat trien kinh te, van h6a va moi trvong.Phat trien kien truc voi tien b(> cong ngh¢ khong chi don gian boi cac tien bo trong khoa hoc va
ky
thuat, ma quan trong hon con boi anh hvong cua cong ngh~ toi thi trvong canh tranh, de cac phuong thic sin xuit va tieu thu hi@eu qua hem se thang dvqc cac phvong thuc khac. Ngay nay,6e e ~ d4mg%NI I I I 04.2021 ~~~ilNI!
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\ KIEN TROC VIET NAM TR ONG 801 CANH MIJI
chuyen ddi
◊»
tao◊·
gan ket voi "cac cong dong ao" thay vi cac c(>ng dong hanh nghe thl,fc, nhung van c6 the tao ra ket qua that trong hoNt d(>ng kien true, xay dl,lng cong trinh. Cac chuong trinh phan mem da dieu khien hoac quan ly di@eu tiet khong chi phat trien cong nghiep va thuong mai ma ca giai trf, baa chi, giao d1,1c, Ian chfnh tr! va qu6c phong. Phat trien kien tric cua tl.fong lai cCmg the khong nam ngoai xu the nay voi nhCtng do th! - cong trlnh thong minh, h¢ thong BIM, h¢ thong quan ly cong trinh kien tric tiet kiem nang lugng, giam khf thai, baa v¢ moi truong.v.v..Trang linh vl,fc sang tac kien true, voi cac Al de tfnh toan ket cau va thfch ung khf h~u va cong ngh¢ in 3D se pha bo cac rao can ve ky thuat xay dung dan den kien true sl.f c6 the sang tao cac cong trinh kien tric doc dao khong gidi han ho~c the gioi nhan sinh quan con nguoi thay ddi ve quan diem kien tric do thi.
Vii ket ndi van vat va he thing Al cac nha quan ly co the quan ly, giam sat cac h¢ thong quy hoach, kien truc ve dap ing quy chuan, tieu chuan, phap luat hoac danh gia ve ban quyen tac gia. Vi¢c cap phep, phe duy¢t se thl,fc hi¢n b6i Chfnh phu di¢n tu va cac d!ch v1,1 cong di¢n tu.
cAc YEU cAu E>AT RA E>61 VOi PHAT TRIEN KIEN TROc E>E CHUYEN 061 s6
Thunhat la, phai thay ddi quan diem hien nay ve chuyen doi
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Digital tranformation la thay doi va phat trien cac du true phat trien kinh te moi chu khong phai la vi¢c◊d
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li¢u - Digitization sang d!nh dNng ky thu~t s6, chuyen doi thuan tuy thong tin tuong
tV
sang ky thuat◊»
*n* du li¢u vatai li@u hi@en co
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luu tr va st dung. So hoa chi la mot phan trong n(>i dung can lam de chuyen doi◊d
[8].S6 h6a (Digitization): La qua trinh hi¢n dNi h6a, chuyen doi cac h¢ thong thuong sang h¢ thong ky thu~t
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(nhu vi¢cchuyen *n* tai lieu
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sang file mem tren may tfnh,◊d
h6a truyen hinh chuyen*q
analog sang phat song ky thu~t ... ). 56hoa giup viec tim kiem va chia se thong tin tr6 nen de dang hon, nhung each thuc ma cac doanh nghi¢p su d1,1ng cac ban ghi ky thu~t
◊d
moi cua h9 phan Ion bat chuoc cac phuong phap tuongtl,f cu. 56 h6a la m(>t phan cua qua trinh chuyen ddi◊»
Chuyen a6i so (Digital Transformation): La sl,f tfch hqp day du cac cong nghe ky thuat
◊»
vao tat ca cac linh_ s©L cua m(>t doanh nghi¢p, ung d1,1ng cac cong ngh¢ de thay doi cach thtc van hanh, mo hinh kinh doanh va dem den nhCtng gia tr!moi cha khach hang cua co quan, to chuc. Chuyen doi so dl,la tren nhCtng ung d1,1ng cong ngh¢ moi (Big Data), Internet van vat (loT), di¢n toan dam may (Cloud) ....
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thay ddi phuang thuc dieu hanh, lanh dNo, quy trinh thl,fc hi¢n, van h6a cua co quan, to chuc.Thuhai la, gan chuyen doi
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trong hoNt d(>ng kien true voi m(>t◊d
nganh, linh vl,fc duqc Chfnh phu u'u tien chuyenEn ◊»
truoc, can xaic dinh cac lien ket chudi gia tri gila hoat dong kien truc voi cac nganh, linh _ s9\oL de ph1,1c_ s9\ va cung cap caic san pham gia tri cho ngudi dan, doanh nghi¢p va xa hoi vdi cac dinh hung tuong lai sau:Voi linh
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Nganh Y te se phat trien nen tang hotrq kham, chCta b¢nh*q
xa, don thu6c di¢n tu cha nglfoi dan, de hotrq nguoi dan duqc kham, chCta b¢nh*q
xa, giup giam tai cac co soy te, han che ti@ep xuc dong nguoi, giam nguy co lay nhiem cheo.Nhiem vu dat ra vii Kien tric phai dieu chinh, doi mdi cac quy chuan, tieu chuan ve cong trinh kien true de xay dl,lng va tung bl.foe hinh thanh h¢ thong benh vi¢n, nghien cuu va co so cham soc sue khoe va phong b¢nh dl,la tren cac cong ngh¢ s6; ung d1,1ng cong ngh¢
◊d
toan di¢n tNi cac co so kham benh, chta benh gop phan cai cach hanh chfnh, giam tai b¢nh vi¢n, nang cao chat luqng kham chCta b¢nh;xay dl,fng nen tang quan tr! y te thong minh dl,la tren cong ngh¢s6, tfch hqp thong tin, du li¢u, hinh thanh co so du li¢u qu6c gia ve yte.
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5I @ O¢Z: 3F%? ' @d» wFrH?N Nganh Giao d1,1c se phat trien nen tang ho trg day va hoc*n* xa, ung d1,1ng tri¢t de c6ng ngh¢ s6 trong cong tac quan ly, giang day va hoc tap; so hoa tai lieu, giao trlnh; xay dl,(ng nen tang chia se tai nguyen giang day va hoc tap theo ca hlnh thuc tn,rc t,ep va trl,(c tuyen. Kien true phai theo klp cac thay doi de xay dl,(ng, quy hoNch kien true cac c6ng trlnh clap ung c6ng ngh¢ m6'i. Hon nua viec hoc tap, dao tao Kien tric st can bo quan ly kien truc cung thay doi theo c6ng ngh¢ 3D, BIM va internet van vat.
5@ @ F: · Z' { I @ r FI @ ?: @ Z: h Z' I Z : I Z' N
Tuong lai Vi¢t Nam se xay dl,(ng h¢ thong thuong mNi di¢n tu, tai chfnh di¢n tuva thiet lap nen tang tai chfnh s6 hi¢n dNi, ben vO'ng. Trien khai ung d1,1ng toan di¢n c6ng ngh¢ s6 trong cic nganh thue, hai quan, kho bac, ching khoan. Doanh nghi~p ho9t d('mg Kien tric phai dap ing cac cich chuyen doi. Viec gia cong thiet ke va sang tac se ket n6i toan cau, h◊i nh~p chung trong h¢thong c6ng nghi¢p van h6a kien true the gi6'i. Kien true su Vi¢t Nam phai nang cao nang ll,(c va thay doi le 16i lam vi~c, dam baa chuan h6a, nam vO'ng quy chuan kien true - xay dung cac nudc va dac biet am hi@u phap luat thuong mai, quyen so htu trite... cua qu6c te.
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Tuong lai chuyen doi so trong linh vl,(c san xuat c6ng nghi¢p theo hu6'ng chu trong phat trien caic tru cot xay dung chien lugc va co cau to chuc thong minh, xay dl,l'ng nha may thong minh, van hanh thong minh, tao ra cac san pham thong minh, xay dl,l'ng dlch v1,1 ve dO' li¢u va phat trien ky nang s6 cha nguoi lao d¢ng. Do d6 nen kien true Vi¢t Nam phai ddi moi de dap ung cac yeu cau tren.9:d F F4@ GZ : ¢ F:» Z' Xd F: @ F:» Z' { @ Z: N
06 thl thong minh va cac toa nha thong minh c6ng ngh¢ tien tien se duqc phat trien v6'i cac tieu chf ben vO'ng va tien tien rat c1,1 the kh6ng chi la phong trao khau hi¢u. Do d6, xay dl,(ng h¢ tieu chf va quan ly co hieu qua cung la van de hang dau d6i v6'i nen kien true trong cac do thl thong minh.Thu
ba
la, can xay dl,(ng va dieu chinh the che, cac van ban phap luat ve xay dung kien tric phu hgp thoi dai cong ngh¢ s6 va h◊i nh~p qu6c te tren nguyen tac the che dong hanh cung phat trien kinh te s6, cac cau true m6'i. Chfnh phu kien tao the che, chinh sach nham san sang chap nhan va th't nghiem ciu truc m6'i m◊t each co kiem soit; hinh thanh van h6a chap nhan va th't nghiem cai mdi; lam diem, lam nhanh, sau d6 danh gia va nhan r¢ng; thuc day phat trien c6ng nghi¢p sang tNo. Quan ly nha nudc hoat dong kien truc can thuc hien cac dong luc manh me ve dap ing tien trinh phat trien Chfnh phu di¢n tu, hu6'ng t6'i Chfnh phu s6.f>E XUAT TRONG f>!NH Hl1<1NG PHAT TRIEN KIEN TRUC VIET NAM T<112030
Trang quan diem cua Olnh hu6'ng phat trien kien true phai xac dlnh: Phat trien nguon nhan llfc la then chat, dao tao nang cao, thu hit va trong dung nhan tai; thic day ddi mdi ing dung manh me khoa hoc va cong nghe, dac biet la vi@c chuyen doi so trong hoat dong kien tric de tao dong luc manh me cha nen kien truc Viet Nam phat trien nhanh va
ben vO'ng.
Ve m1,1c tieu d6i v6'i quan ly hoNt d¢ng kien true: Ra soat, de xuit sua doi, bd sung he thong van ban quy pham phap luat trong cac linh vl,(c kien true de dap ing yeu ciu dieu chinh cac m6i quan he mdi phat sinh trong tien trinh chuyen doi s6, khuyen khfch doi m6'i.
100% dlch_ s9\ c6ng trl,(c tuyen quy hoc;ich kien true muc d◊ 4, duqc cung cap tren nhieu phuong ti¢n truy cap khac nhau, bao gom ca thiet bl di d¢ng;
100% ho so thiet ke kien true va c6ng vi¢c lien quan tai cap b9, tinh; 90% ho so c6ng vi¢c t9i cap huy¢n va 70% ho so cong vi@c tai cap xa dugc xt ly tren moi truing mang (trit ho so c6ng vi¢c thu¢c phNm vi bf m~t nha nu6'c);
4; l hoat dong kiem tra cua co quan quan ly nha nu6'c duqc thl,(c hi¢n thong qua moi truong so va he thong thong tin cuaL:o quan quan ly;
Phat trien ha tang s6, san sang dap ung nhu cau bung no ve ket n6i va xu ly dO' li¢u. To chuc xay dl,(ng h~ thong co so du kieu Big data nen tang dt lieu cho kien tric Vi@et Nam va dugc ket noi mang Internet van vat (loT), ket noi, chia se rong khap gita cac co quan nha nu6'c; mo dO' li~u cha cac to chuc, doanh nghi~p theo quy dlnh an toan thong tin Qu6c gia.
Dlnh hlnh cau true van phong kien truc ao, dien tu v6'i cac giao d!ch, dlch_ s9s toan cau ve dlch _ s9\ concept design va ve thiet ke ky thuat, gia c6ng ban ve ...
De
thuc hi@en Luat Kien tric: Ve phat trien nen kien tric Viet Nam hien dai, dam da ban sac dan toc; bao tin, ke thua, phat huy cac gii tri kien tric truyen thong, tiep thu chon loc tinh hoa van hoa nhan loai dong thoi truyen ba kien true Vi¢t Nam ra the gi6'i. Can: Xay dl,(ng baa tang dlf li~u, s6 h6a 3D tat cac cac cong trinh kien tric c6 gia trl di san nghe thuat kien truc truyen thong Vi¢t Nam. Dap ing viec tuyen truyen, giang day, truyen ba vain h6a va c6 the ph1,1c dl,(ng 100%bang c6ng ngh¢ 3D khi can thiet. Ket ndi va he thong h6a cac cong trinh kien truc, tac phim nghe thuat the gi6'i de tiep thu tinh hoa van hoa nhan loai. Khuyen khich, cho phep su dung cac cong nghe tien tien quy chuan qu6c te de dlf baa, tinh toan va thiet ke cong trinh kien truc.'
QOs - sI C Qj O9 J j O•
[1] "Ngh! quyetfl9i h(}i a9i bieu toan quoc Ian thtl'XIII flang C(}ng san Vi~t Nam," 2021.
[2] Gordon E. Moore,, "Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits,"
Electronics Magazine, vol. 38 (8), p.114-117, 19/4/1965.
[3] Techrepublic, "What is digital transformation," [Online]. Available: https://
www.techrepublic.com/article/digital-transformation-a-cheat-sheet/.
[4] microsoft., "Digital transformation, accelerated," [Online]. Available: https://
www.microsoft.com/en-us/industry/digital-transformation.
[SJ TrU'ang Gia Blnh, "h(}i thao "Global Digital Transformation","HaLong - Quang Ninh, 4/2020.
[6] Daniel Bell, Khuon kho xa hoi thong tin- The Coming of Post-industrial Society, NewYork: Basic Books, 1973.
(7] Thomas M.Siebel, Digital Tranformation, PACE, 2019.
[8] "fsivietnam.com.vn,"
Pd
h6a va Chuyen aoi so, 31 8 2020. [Online]. Available:https://fsivietnam.com.vn/nham-lan-giua-so-hoa-va-chuyen-doi-so-khien-nhieu
doanh-nghiep-ao-tuong-ve-nang-luc-21602/.
6e e~ d4mg%NI I I I 04.2021 ~Ei'lil:Ull
