Nghien ciru - Trao ddi
Tpp chf C^ng s d nBAO VE MOI TRtfdNG
VA TAI NGUYEN THIEN NHIEN 6 NUdiC TA TRtfdC XU THE BIEN DOI KHI HAU TRAI DAT
LUU DUG HAI
Theo mot ddnh gid eua Chuang trinh Phdt trien Lien hqp quoc (UNDP) nam 2007, Viet Nam ndm trong top 5 nude hdng ddu thi gidi di bi ton thuang nhdt trudc su biin ddi khi hau trdi ddt. Niu muc nude biin ddng
^ f *
cao thim 1 met, Viet Nam se mdt 5% dien tich ddt dai, 11% ngudi mdt nhd cda, gidm 7% sdn luqng ndng nghiep vd 10% thu nhap qudc nqi (GDP).
Nude biin ddng 3 m - 5 m ddng nghia vdi mot thdm hoa cd thi xdy ra...
Bien doi khi hau trai dat
Bien doi khi hau la ket qua etia su tuong tac rat phuc tap giira eac qua trinh ly, boa va sinh hpe dudi tac dpng eiia nang lugng mat trdi lam cho che dp khi hau ludn bien ddng. Cae so lieu khi tugng dugc do dac ehi tiet tu giira the ky XIX den nay cho thay, trong the ky XX nhiet dp tmng binh toan cau da tang len 0,60C va tiep ttic tang nhanb hon trong nhirng nam dau the ky XXI. Trong 5 thap ky gan day (1956 - 2005), nhiet dp trai dit tang 0,640C ± 0,130C, gap doi the ky XX. Trong 11 nam (1995 - 2006), trir nam 1996, 10 nam edn lai dugc xep vao danh sach nhimg nam c6 nhiet dp cao nhat trong lich su quan trac nhiet dp ke tir nam
1850. Rieng 5 nam 2001 - 2005 e6 nhiet dp trung binh cao hon 0,440C so vin chuan trung binh cua thdi ky 1961 - 1990. Dang luu y la.
mire tang nhiet dp ciia Bac cue gap ddi miix;
tang nhiet dp trung binh toan eau. Xu the bien ddi ciia lugng mua eQng rat khac nhau giira cac khu vuc, tieu khu vire va gida eac thdi doan khac nhau tren timg tieu khu vuc. Lirgng mira tang len d cac ddi phia Bac vi dp 300B thdi ky 1991 - 2005 va giam di d cac vdng nhiet ddi, ke tir thap ky 90 the ky XX. Ddng cbay eiia hau het cac eon song tren the gidi deu c6 nhimg bien ddi sau sac tir thap ky nay sang thap ky khac va giira eac nam trong tiing thap ky. Xoay thuan nhiet ddi dang ed sir thay doi ve tan sd, cudng dp va thdi gian, nd lien quan tdi su tang nhiet dp nude bien d viing bien nhiet ddi. Ngay ca nhimg nod c6 tan sd giam di
* PGS, TS, ChQ nhiem khoa Moi truOTig, Dai hpe Khoa hoc Tu nhien, Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Npi
N g h i e n CUTJ - Trao ddi T p p chf C d n g s d n
va thdi gian tdn tai ngin, thi cudng dp xoay thuan nhiet ddi vin co xu thi tang len. Xu thi tang cudng boat dpng eiia nd lam cho cae he sinh thai ed nhihig bien ddi nhu: ehi thi mua xuan den sdm hon, gia tang cac quin cu dpng vat trdi ndi tren bien d vi dp cao va cac hd tren cao, cac loai ca di tni sdm hon tren cac song.
Vanh dai nhiet ddi va can nhiet ddi dang dich chuyen ve hai cue trai dat. Sir dang cao muc nude bien vdi muc 3 em/nam va cao hon nira dang dugc ghi nhan d cae tram quan trie tren the gidi va tram Hon Dau eiia nude ta. Trilu cudng va ngap ung nang tai Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh trong nam 2008 dang dugc coi la bieu hien eiia sir dang cao muc nude bien.
Theo bao cao sd 4 eiia Tieu ban lien Chinh phii ve bien doi khi hau, xu the bien ddi khi hau tiep tuc dien ra mdt each tuan tu nhu thap ky vira qua c6 the dan den ket qua vao thap ky cudi cung eiia thi ky XXI (2090 - 2099) nhiet dp trung binh toan eau tang len It nhat LS^^C (LIOC - 2,90C) va nhilu nhit la 40C (2,40C - 6,4^0; nude bien dang len It nhat 0,18 m - 0,38 m va nhieu nhat 0,26 m - 0,59 m; lugng mua tang len tren cae vT dp cao va giam di d hau het cae vung.
Hien chua cd kich ban chinh thde cho biln ddi khi hau Viet Nam, tuy nhien dira theo cac tu lieu da cdng bo cd the neu len mpt so du bao vl biln ddi khi hau nude ta trong The ky XXI. Thong bao Qudc gia ve bien doi khi hau Viet Nam nam 2003 da dua ra bang du bao ve gia tang nhiet dp cHa khi quyen va dang cao mirc nude bien:
Du bdo biin ddi khihdu d Viet Nam
Nam 2010 2050 2100
Nhiet do tang them (OC)
0,3-0,5 1,1-1,8 1,5-2,5
Mut nuwc bien tang them (cm)
9 33 45
Bien doi khi bau e6 anh hirdng to ldn tin cac yeu to mdi trudng Viet Nam, the hien qua sir gia tang nhiet dp khi quyen lam cho khi hau cac viing nude ta n6ng len, ket hgp vdi suy giam lugng mua se lam cho nhieu khu vtre bi kho ban hon. Bien doi khi hau co the tac dpng tieu cue tdi da dang sinh hpe. Tai viing dong bang sdng Hong va dong bang song Ctru Long, cae he sinh thai rirng va dat ven bien se chiu nhieu thiet hai. Khi nude bien dang cao, khoang 50% cac khu dat e6 tam quan trpng quoc gia se bi anh hudng nang. Nude man xam nhap sau vao npi dia, tieu diet nhieu loai sinh vat nude ngpt, 36 khu bao ton, trong d6 e6 8 vudn quoc gia, 11 khu du trir thien nhien se nam trong dien tich bi ngap. He sinh thai ran san ho bi suy thoai nghiem trpng. Cae he sinh thai khong cdn nguyen ven, cac 6 sinh thai thu hep dien tich va cac quan the It ea the la nhirng be nhay cam nhat. Cae 6 sinh thai trong rong hoac kiet que, tao tien de cho cac loai ngoai lai e6 kha nang thich nghi tot hon xam nhap.
Trong so do cd the e6 nhirng loai cay trdng hay vat nudi bien doi gen (GMO) chira dugc kiem dinh ve tinh an toan sinh bpc dugc nhap vao ma CO quan kiem dich dpng, thue vat kho be kiem soat het.
Trong tinh vuc ndng, lam nghiep, do sir ndng len, thdi gian thich nghi va pham vi ctla cay trdng nhiet ddi md rong va eua cay trong a nhiet ddi thu hep. He sinh thai rimg bj anh hudng. Nude bien dang len lam giam dien tich rimg ngap man, tac dpng xau den rimg tram va rirng trong tren dat bj 6 nhiem phen d eac tinh Nam Bp. Ranh gidi rung nguyen sinh cung nhu rimg tiiu sinh e6 the dich chuyen. Nguy co diet ebiing eUa dpng vat va thue vat, nguy co cbay rirng, phat trien sau benh, dich benh... gia tang.
Ngdnh cdng nghiep vd khai khoang chiu sir tac dpng ciia bien ddi khi hau qua cae tac
So 803 (thang 9 nam 2009) 67
Nghien ciju - Trao ddi
T p p chf C d n g s d nnhan: ngap ting co sd ha tang ddi vod cae khu cdng nghiep; cudng dp mua va lugng mira bao anh hudng tnrc tiep den nganh nang lugng nhu he thdng dan khoan, he thong van chuyen dau va khi, he thdng truyen tai va phan phdi dien...
Nguon nude cda boat ddng san xuat cdng nghiep bi suy giam, anh hudng t(5d gia thanh eua san pham cdng nghiep, nhat la doi vdi cae nganh cdng nghiep che bien san pham nong, lam, thuy san va nganh sir dung nhieu nude.
Co sd hq tdng giao thdng vd nhd d nhu cae hai cang dugc thiet ke theo muc nude hien tai phai cai tao lai hoac di ddi. Tuyen dudng sat Bac - Nam va cac tuyen giao thong, cae tram phan phoi dien nam sat bien va tren bien cung bi anh hudng. Bien ddi ddng cbay cae sdng iim hay nhiet dp tang xay ra se gay tac ddng khong nho den nganh nang lugng va giao thdng van tai. Ngudi dan phai xay dung nha d kien ed de ddi pho eac hien tugng nude bien dang. Cac thanh phd viing ddng bang phai tang cudng dau tu kinh phi de chong ngap iing... Hai tac ddng chinh tdi ngdnh du lich vd dich vu la bien dpng cae nguon du khach truyen thong va thiet hai ve co sd vat chat, tac dpng xau den hang trieu ngudd sinh song bang kinh doanh dich vu du lich.
Cac giai phap bao ve moi trumig va tai nguyen thien nhien truwc xu hurnig bien doi khi hau trai dat
1- Cdc gidi phdp bdo ve moi trudng Hai van de quan trpng nhat ddi vdi nude ta hien nay trong bao ve moi tnrdng va tai nguyen dat la bdo ve ddt canh tdc va chong thodi hda ddt. De bao ve dat canh tac can quy boaeb su dung dat hgp ly, ban che chuyen ddi dat canh tac, dac biet la dat trong liia nude thanh dat cong nghiep, dat do thi. Nha nude dinh hudng chuan tu dau viec quy hoach md
rdng eac khu vuc dd thi va khu cdng nghiep de Uanh tdi da sir mat dat canh tac, trong mpt so tnrdng hgp can thiet, tien hanh lap ban do khoanh vung bao ve eac viing dat ndng nghiep. Quy hoach xay dung va ciing cd he thdng de bien va de sdng bao ve dat canh tac do muc nude bien dang cao, do trieu cudng va sir xam man. Viec quan ly va dau tu md rdng dien tich rung ngap man ven bien, ven song la giai phap c6 hieu qua cao ve kinh te va ky thuat. Tiep tue bd sung, sua ddi va hoan thien hon cae cbinb sach va phap luat ve quyen sd bun, sir dung va quan ly nha nude ve dat noi chung va ed cac quy dinh ve quan ly dat ddc, dat luu virc sdng va dat ngap nude; Idng ghep tdt chinh sach qudc gia vdi cac ke hoach hanh ddng quoc te ve viec chong thoai hda va su dung dat ben vung. Ve kinh te - xd hoi, can dieu hda sir phan bo dan sd va di dan giiia cac vimg, mien nham giam ap lue eiia dan so doi vdi tai nguyen dat; ed nhirng giai phap hgp ly bao dam an ninh luong thtre viing ndi, dinh canh dinh cu, bao ve va phat trien rirng, chong xoi mon dat... Ve ky thuat, ap dung eac bien phap ky thuat tdng hgp (ndng hpe, sinh hpe, hoa hpe, co hpe...) va dau tu tham canh su dung dat theo chieu sau; trdng cay lau nam e6 gia tri kinh te, thuong mai cao nhung It phai xdi xao dat va thuc hien cac he thdng ndng - lam - siic ket hgp d viing dat ddc, giu" can bang sinh thai va dieu hda cac tac ddng lan nhau giira dong bang va mien niii; tai tao Idp phii thue vat bang cay rung hoac td hgp ndng lam ket hgp de bao ve dp phi nhieu ciia dat.
- Gidi phdp uu tien bdo ve moi trudng
nude: tiep tiie xay dung cac cbinb sach, cae
quy dinh va quy trinh ky thuat ve sir dung, bao
ve va quan ly ngudn nude; nang cao nang lire
cho cae cap cbinb quyen dia phirong va cdng
dong dan cu trong viec quan ly, giam sat sir
dung ngudn nude; huy ddng sir tham gia rdng
N g h ien cuu - Trao ddi T p p chf C d n g s d n
rai cua ngudi tbu hudng nude vao qua Uinb lap ke hoacb, van hanh va tai trg cho cac ea sd ha tang ve nude; xay dimg co cbl quan ly tdng the cac nguon nude qudc gia nhim xem xet cac nhu eau khac nhau vl nude, nhu tieu thu nude trong sinb boat cua con ngudi, tudi tieu trong ndng nghiep, nudi trdng thuy hai san, tbuy dien, du lich va giai tri de can ddi nhimg nhu eau nay vdi tinb lgi Ich ciia nude tu nhien va tieu chi quan ly he sinh thai. Dae biet, chu y quy hoacb tdng the ngudn cung cip nude cho eac do tbi ldn, tmng binh va cac khu cong nghiep; kien toan he thdng td chuc quan ly nha nude ve tai nguyen nude. Xay dung co sd dir lieu phuc vu quan ly va bao ve tai nguyen nude; xay dimg va thue hien cac chuong trinh, dir an quan ly tdng hgp cac luu vuc sdng, cac vung dau nguon, nude ngam; md rong va nang cap he thong thiiy lgi, nang cao bieu qua su dung va tai sir dung nude; xay dung cac don gia ve phi djch vu theo nguyen tie "ngudi sir dung nude phai tra tien" va "tra phi gay 6 nhiem"; tu bd cae sdng ngoi va nang cap cac he thong tudi tieu bi xudng cap tram trpng.
Day manh ap dung eac cong nghe xir ly nude thai, khuyen khich sudiing cae cong nghe sach trong san xuat de giam lugng chat thai, tai su dung nude thai. Nang cao nhan thue eua cong dong dan cu ve viec su dung hgp ly, tiet kiem va bao ve tai nguyen nude; khuyen khich cong ddng dan cu tham gia cae boat dpng bao ve moi tnrdng va tiet kiem ngudn nude.
- Uu tien bdo ve moi trudng bien, ven bien, hdi ddo, xay dimg chien luge giam nhe va 'thich irng vdi bien ddi khi hau doi vdi bien, ven bien va bai dao, xay dung chien luge phat trien kinh te bien va quan ly tai nguyen, moi trudng bien theo quan diem phat trien ben vimg; hinh thanh mdt the che lien nganh, thdng nhat quan ly vung bien va bd bien.
Tham gia va lap ke hoach thuc bien eac hiep
djnh va chuong trinh hanh dpng quoc te va khu vuc ve danh ca, su dung ben vimg va bao ve nguon lgi bien, bao ve da dang sinh hpe bien. Day manh danh bat hai san xa bd va dilu chinh nghe ea ven bd hgp ly; phat trien manh nganh nudi, trong thily san nude Ig, nude man ven bien theo hudng hai hda vdi moi tnrdng, ddng thdi vod viec phat trien va ung dung cong nghe sau thu hoach nham sir dung hpp ly, tilt kiem san pham cua nghe thtly san, bao dam an toan thuc pham va tang thu nhap ngoai te qua xuat khau. Thiet lap va quan ly hieu qua cac khu bao ton bien va ven bien theo cac tieu chuan moi trudng nganh va quoc gia; diy manh nghien cuu, ting dung cong nghe bao ve moi trudng bien va ven bien, cong nghe ung etru su CO moi trudng bien (tran dau, dim tau, ngap man...).
- De bdo ve moi trudng khdng khi can thuc hien uu tien xay dung chien luge giam nhe va thich irng vdi gia tang hieu ung nha kinh va bien doi khi hau; thuc hien danh gia tac dpng moi trudng bat bupe doi vdi tat ca cac du an phat trien kinh te - xa hpi de chu dpng ngan chan nhirng nguyen nhan gay 6 nhiem khong khi, CO ke hoach kiem soat 6 nhiem chat che doi vdi cac ea sd san xuat cong nghiep, cac phuong tien giao thong van tai va eac thiet bi sir diing nhien lieu phuc vu sinh boat; bupe eac CO sd gay 6 nhiem moi trudng nghiem trpng phai tien hanh xir ly triet de va khac phuc tinh trang 6 nhiem; nang cao hieu qua su dung nang lugng, hieu qua phat dien cua cac nha may nhiet dien va bieu qua sir dung dien eua cac thiet bi dien; phat trien nganh cong nghiep nang lugng tai tao, nang lugng sach; day manh phat trien giao thong cong cong tai cac do thi ldn va tmng binh; ap dung nguyen tac "ngudi gay 6 nhiem phai tra tien" doi vdi eac doanh nghiep gay 6 nhiem moi trudng khong khi;
khuyen khich su dung nguyen lieu va cong
So 803 (thang 9 nam 2009) 69
Nghien cihi - Trao ddi
Tpp chf C^ng sdnnghe sach tai cae co sd san xuat; nghiem cam nhap khau cac cdng nghe lac hau va nhanh chong giam dan quy mo van hanh cae thiet bi da cu gay d nhiem m5i tnrdng khdng khi nghiem trpng.
- Bdo ve rdng vd thuc hien bdo dam da dqng sinh hqc gdm: cung co he thdng quan ly nha nude de hirdng dan sir dung ben vimg va bao ve tai nguyen rimg; tiep tuc day manh viec giao dat khoan rimg cho cac hd gia dinh va tap the theo Luat Dat dai va Luat Bao ve va phat trien rung; tiep tuc dieu chinh thue hien cae chinh sach tbu hiit dau tu cho viec phat trien va bao ve rung. Hd trg nhan dan trong va bao ve rimg, su dting c6 hieu qua dat rimg dugc giao khoan, ho trg dan vay vdn vdi lai suat uu dai cho viec dau tu thanh lap trang trai. Quan ly viing dem va viing ldi rdng cung vdi viec khuyen khich sir dung ben virng eac san pham rimg phi go. Phat trien cae nganh cdng nghiep san xuat vat lieu thay the go. Nghien cuu va ap dung cae tien bp ky thuat va cdng nghe mdi trong san xuat lam nghiep; khuyen khich trong cae loai cay ban dia trong tat ea cae boat dpng trdng rung va tai trong rimg; nghien eiru ap dung cac giai phap ky thuat phong va chdng cbay rimg va eac tham hpa moi tnrdng lien quan tdi viec mat riing... Thudng xuyen xem xet, bd sung va dieu chinh lai ke hoach hanh dpng da dang sinh hpe qudc gia nham bao dam sir phii hgp eua ke hoach nay vdi cac chien luge va ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hdi;
ciing CO va md rong he thdng quan ly cac vudn qudc gia, khu bao tdn thien nhien, ddng thdi phan cap manh ve quan ly; xue tien xay dung he thdng bao tang thien nhien, tu cap qudc gia den cap CO sd de phuc vu cae boat dpng dao tao, nghien cuu khoa hpe, ph5 bien kien thue, tham quan, hpe tap, tuyen tmyen, giao diie ve bao ton da dang sinb hpe; day manh cdng tac kiem ke, xay dung co sd dir lieu qudc gia ve tai
nguyen ddng, thue vat; xuat ban phd bien rdng rai cac "sach dd" Viet Nam ve eac gidng, loai quy hiem de cd chinh sach bao tdn nghiem ngat; khuyen khich viec nghien ciin va ap dung cac tri thuc ban dia trong viec sir dung va thue hien nhirng quy udc chung eiia cdng dong, ket hgp tang cudng hgp tac qudc te va khu vuc debao ve tdt nhat da dang sinh hpe vi lgi Ich lau dai.
2 - Cdc gidi phdp bdo vi, khai thdc vd sic dung tdi nguyen thien nhien
De thtre hien muc tieu phat trien ben vung, sir diing tiet kiem va c6 hieu qua ngudn tai nguyen khoang san Uong giai doan bien doi khi hau, can thue hien nhimg hoat ddng uu tien nhu: xay dung chien luge qudc gia ve tham do, khai thac va sir dung tai nguyen khoang san tren lanh thd dat lien va biln. Sir dung cac cong cu kinh te, hanh cbinb va che tai phap luat nham thue hien kien quyet va ed hieu qua hon Luat Khoang san; kien toan he thong to chuc quan ly tai nguyen khoang san d Tmng irong va cae dia phuong, td chuc trinh tu khai thac md mdt each hgp ly; ap dung cac cdng nghe tien tien de sir dung cac loai quang co ham lugng thap nham triet de sir dung khoang chat trong eac md; ddng thdi, giam khdi lugng dat da thai, thu hep dien tich bai thai; thue hien boi hoan cae dang tai nguyen sau khai thac va tai sir dung chat thai d nhirng viing md da khai thac de sir dung hgp ly, tiet kiem va bao ve tai nguyen; khuyen khich cong ddng dan cu tham gia vao cae boat ddng bao ve md khoang san, dac biet ddi vdi cac md nho, phan tan va cac loai khoang san eo dp nhay cam cao ve kinh te, de gay 6 nhiem mdi trudng.
3- Cdc gidi phdp phdng ngua vd ung phd vdi tai bien thiin nhien vd moi trudng
Cac giai phap img ph6 vdi nguy co thieu
nude ngpt va xam nhap man bao gdm ca cac
N g h i e n ciju - Trao ddi T p p chf C d n g s d n
giai phap true tiep va giai phap hd trg. Cdc gidi phdp true tiep la quy hoach xay dung cac he thong de bao va bd ngan chong lu va xam nhap man d dong bang song Ciru Long; kien CO hoa va nang cao de bien va de chin lu d ddng bang song Hong va ddng bang ven bien Tmng Bd, thuc day ap dung nen canh tac viing ven bien trong dieu kien dp man tang; thiic day ngu nghiep viing ven bien thdng qua viec da dang h6a cac thue tien uom nuoi cac loai ca e6 kha nang chiu man d cac viing ven bien d vimg ddng bang song Ciru Long, dong bang song Hdng va cac vimg khac; xay dung cac khu dat tranh lu, kien cd nha d tai cac khu dat tranh lii, thanh lap tmng tam thong tin va ho trg cho tinh hinh ngap lut ngay cang tang;
giam thieu cae tac ddng ciia bien doi khi hau thong qua viec md rong dien tich rimg ngap man d viing ven biln, ven sdng vdi sir tham gia ctla cdng ddng dan cu tai cho. Phuong an cong nghe de xay dung eac tram cap nude sach tai viing ven bien c6 the la khai thac nude ngim ting sau d ddng bang ven bien, xay dung eac hd chua nude ngpt d vimg cao lien kl, Ipc nude man bang cong nghe tham thau nguge. Nhdm cdc gidi phdp hd trq bao gom:
giam thieu hien tugng nhiem man dong bang bing cbinb sach bao ve luu vuc song, Uong dd dac biet quan tam den hgp tac qudc te Uong quan ly luu vuc sdng Me Kong, song Hong.
Ddi vdi song d miln Bac va mien Trung can CO sir pbdi hgp dilu hanh nude etia eac ho chua thiiy lgi va thiiy dien dau ngudn. Dua van de biln ddi khi bau vao chuang trinh giang day d cip trung hpe ud len ddi vdi vimg dong bang ven biln; phd biln thdng tin ve bien doi khi hau va eac giai phap thich img cho cae cong ddng di bi tdn thuong, cac giai phap iing ph6 khin cip va nang cao nhan thue ve cac tham hpa lien quan din khi bau. Thuc day nghien cuu cae gidng cay udng ed kha nang chong
man, ngap lut nham ho trg cho viec thich iing trong tuong lai; tim kiem va pho bien cac tri thue/kinh nghiem ve thich irng (bao gom ea cac tri thuc ban dia) vod kha nang bien doi ciia khi hau.
4 - Hqp tdc qudc te itng phd vdi bien doi khi hau Trdi ddt
Viet Nam can yeu eau cac nude phat trien ho trg tai chinh va chuyen giao cong nghe mdi than thien vdi mdi trudng nham phuc vu muc tieu phat triln ben vimg, dong thdi san sang phoi hgp vdi cac nude phat trien Uong viec xay dung va thue hien cac du an COM tai Viet Nam phuc vu phat trien ben viing va giam phat thai khi nha kinh; tiep tuc day manh hgp tac tai chinh, cong nghe va xay dimg nang lue Uong thdi ky "bau" Ky-6-t6, xay dung danh muc cae du an thupe linh vuc bien doi khi hau de keu gpi tai trg va tiep nhan chuyen giao cong nghe tir cac nude cong nghiep va eac nude phat trien; hgp tac quoc te trong dao tao, nang cao nang lire thong qua dau tu true tiep, tu van va xay dimg cac he thong canh bao SCDTU; tang cudng hgp tac vdi eac to chuc quoc te ve bien ddi khi hau di nghien cim xay dung va thue hien e6 hieu qua Chuang trinh hanh dpng quoc gia thich irng vdi bien doi kbi hau va nude bien dang; tham gia hgp tac tich cue trong eac du an va chuang trinh nghien cuu lien quan den biln ddi khi hau khu vuc, nhu: Tuyen bo Xin-ga-po vl biln ddi khi hau, nang lugng va moi trudng; hgp tac cae nude tieu viing song Me Kong vl quan ly luu vuc va tai nguyen nude song Me Kong; hgp tac vdi Tmng Quoc vl quan ly nude theo luu vuc song Hong, song Da, V.V.. Viec tham gia ky ket va thue hien cac cam kit trong cac td chuc quan ly luu vuc song xuyen bien gidi cd vai tro quan Upng dac biet ddi vdi Viet Nam trong giam nhe cac tac ddng tieu cue eiia bien doi khi hau. •
So 803 (thang 9 nam 2009) 7 1
