A^
VE SO PHAN CUA NHO GIAO
N
ho gido la mgt trong so' hiem hoi cdc hgc thuyet chinh tri - xd hgi co so'phan that dgc biet trong lich sd tii tiidng nhdn logi.Dgc biet d cho, trdi qua hdng nghin ndm, de'n nay, Nho gido vdn la mgt "hgc thuyet sdng"- cbn dang sdng, chd khong phdi chi diidc triCng bdy trong cdc "bdo
tdng" nhiC khong it hgc thuyet khdc. Tuy triCdng ton, nhiing so'phdn cda Nho gido lai "chdng he may mdn", ngiidc lai, vi the ciia Nho gido rdt thang trdm. No thiidng bi ngifdi ddi vd cdc chinh the cdm quyen nhin nhgn khd phdc tgp. Vd do vay, uiec ddnh gid vai tro cda Nho gido trong cdc thdi dgi cdng luon dien ra theo nhdng khuon thiidc khdc nhau, vdi cdc thdi do khdc biet nhau, vd thiCdng la dd'i lap nhau. Sang the ky XXI, Nho gido vdn gdy tranh cdi d sdc sdng vd tinh ldi hgi cua no. Mdc do dnh hicdng ciia vdn hoa Nho gido vd sdc thu hut ciia bdn thdn hgc thuyet Nho gido vdn phu thugc mgt cdch ddng nggi vdo nhdng quan diem the quyen. Dieu do ldm rdi them sii tranh
PGS.TS HO SI QUY Vien Thong tin KHXH
cdi trong nhieu dien dan vd diidng nhii dang CO xu hiidng tang len ciing vdi sif trdi day ciia "con sii td Trung Hoa"
diicfng dgi.
I.
1. Tdn tai hay khdng tdn tai? Vdi Nho giao, cau hdi nay dfldc dat ra each nay hdn 1000 nam, nam 213-212 TrCN. Lflc dd, Nho giao phai chiu sfl dinh doat nghiet nga ve sfl sd'ng cdn ciia" minh trong chinh sach "Phdn thfl khanh Nho"
eua nha Tdn. Dfl cd nhflng nghien eflu van benh vflc hay bien minh cho ly do it nhieu xac dang khien Tdn Thiiy Hoang
"xud'ng tay", thi Nho giao cflng van phai ghi ten vao lieh sif nhfl mpt thfl triet hpc - cai tri cdn canh giac*".
2. "Hpc thuyet an thit ngfldi" la ldi len an khdng the nang hdn ciia Ld Tan hdi ddu the ky XX khi dng danh thflc van hda Trung Hoa ve bd mat cua Nho giao*^'. Luc dd, dfldi anh hfldng cua phong trao "Ngu Tfl", khdp Ddng A, Nho giao dfldc nhin nhan bang eon mat phe phan nghiem khdc nha't trong so sanh vdi van hda phfldng Tay. Nhflng niu keo,
48
NGHIEN CUfU TRUNG QUOC so 8(96) - 2009can trd cua Nho giao trong xa hdi hien dai dfldc phan tfch, phai ndi la, khd cd the sau sac hdn. Nhflng tfldng Nho giao se vinh vien di vao lieh sii, nhflng khdng.
3. O Trung Qud'c dai luc, ngay trong cd che menh lenh - hanh chfnh, Khdng tfl van tdn tai nhfl mdt thflc the chfnh tri den mflc bi dem ra phe phan cflng vdi Lam Bflu .cud'i nhflng nam 60 (the ky XX) trong thdi "Cach mang van hda". Vdi sfl kien nay, mdt ldn nfla eac di san van tfl Nho giao lai bi mat mat. Md Khdng tn d Khflc Phu cung suyt bi quat len''^'. - '^•
4. Nhflng d cae xa hpi Nho giao khac - Dai Loan va Hdng Kdng, Han Qud'c va Singapore, Nho giao chang nhflng khdng mat di vi the cua minh trong nhflng thap nien cdng nghiep hda, ma ngflpc lai cdn dfldc danh gia la nhan td' van hda tfch cflc, gdp phdn lam nen nhflng cen hd mdi (NICs/NIEs)'^' d Ddng A. Cac gia tri can cu, hieu hgc, cgng dong, trdch nhiem, gia dinh...da dfldc nhieu hpc gia Deng va Tay Cdi la nhflng phdm chat td't dep ma cac nfldc NICs biet ke thfla va duy tri tfl truyen thd'ng van hda Nho giao.
Tfl day, xu hfldng danh gia tfch cflc, tham chf de cao Nho giao lai dfldc hdi phuc bdt ddu tfl cudi nhflng nam 80 (the
kyXX). ;.,, .,.;,,„ ,:„; ..
Vdi ngfldi Viet Nam, mac dfl anh hfldng eua Nho giao vdn cdn gay nhieu tranh cai, nhflng PGS. Phan Ngpc cflng da cd mdt nhan xet dang chfl y: "Tam thflc la cai khdng cdn hpc cflng biet. Viet kieu hdu nhfl khdng biet gi tdi Nho giao, ngoai mieng da kich Nho giao kich het, nhflng hp vdn vfldn len tfl nhflng dia vi
thap kem nhat de trd thanh nhflng ngfldi lam chu kmh te, khda hpc ky thuat chinh nhd truyen thd'ng ham hpc ma Khdng tfl de xfldng. Sd' ngeai kieu d cae nfldc het sflc ddng dao, nhflng ngoai cac nfldc theo van hda nay, ehi thdy cd ngfldi Do Thai la sanh dfldc vdi hp ma thdi"''.
5. Bflde sang the ky XXI, khi nen kinh te Trung Qud'c van gifl dfldc td'e dp tang trfldng cad va ngay mdt ldn manh, d Trung Qud'c dai luc, viec de cae Khdng tfl va Nhd hpc ddt nhien trd thanh thdi thflpng. Cac hpc gia phfldng Tay nhan thay dfldng nhfl Trung Qud'c mud'n lap ddy nhflng thieu hut va nhflng kheang trdng ve y thflc he. Cd nhflng nghien eflu cdn ndi rang Trung Qud'c cd y dd chuyen y thflc he tfl Marx sang Khdng"". O trong nfldc, Trung Qud'c chfl trfldng xay dflng met "xa hdi hai hda", ddy manh tuyen truyen, giang day va quang ba cac trfldc tac va an phdm binh luan ve Khdng tfl...; van hda tieu dflng cflng dua nhau lam dung nhflng bieu tfldng Nhd giad. 0 nfldc ngoai, Trung Qud'c xfle tien xay dflng cac "Hpc vien Khdng tfl". Hpc vien kieu nay dflpc xay dflng ddu tien tai Seoul vao nam 2004. Den nay, da cd hdn 80 tru sd xuat hien va hoat ddng d gdn 40 qudc gia. Tai Viet Nam, thang 4- 2009, Thu tfldng Chfnh phu cflng da cd chfl trfldng cho phep thf diem thanh lap met Hpc vien Khdng tfl tai Viet Nam.
1. Nhfl vay, thdng qua sd' phan khdng gian ddn cua minh trong lich sfl, Nho giao vdi tinh each la mdt hpc thuyet
NGHIEN CUU TRUNG QUOC so 8(96) - 2009
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chfnh tri - xa hdi va ddng thdi la mdt kieu van hda eho sfl phat trien, tfl nd dang dat ra nhflng eau hdi dd'i vdi cac nha nghien eflu va cac nha hoat ddng chinh tri - xa hdi:
- Phai chang eac gia tri Nho giao khdng den ndi tieu ciic va h a n che nhfl nhflng gi ma Ld Tan va phong trao "Ngfl Tfl" da tflng phe phan? Hoac phai chang khac vdi cac the ky da qua, ngay nay Nho giao da cd dieu kien hdn de trd thanh met hpc thuyet ed vi the tfch cflc hdn, vdi vai trd nhan van hdn?
- Lieu Nhd giad ed the bfl dap dflpc nhflng thie'u hut trong ddi sd'ng tinh thdn xa hpi, dac biet nhflng thieu hut ve tfl tfldng, ma Trung Qud'c va ai dd da tflng ky vpng nhflng rdi lai ft nhieu that vpng d cac tdn giao, luan thuyet, gia tri... cua t h e k y XX?
- Vdi sfl trdi day cua da't nfldc Trung Qudc, phai chang Nho giao se trd thanh bd mat tinh thdn cua Trung Hoa hien dai? Viec nha nfldc Trung Qud'c chfl trpng hdn den Nho giao cd lam cho Nho giao phat trien hdn?
2. Cdng bang ma ndi. nhflng cau hdi nay khdng ham chfla nhieu y tfldng dd'i vdi ngfldi ben ngoai, nhflng hinh nhfl lai la ndi day dflt thfldng nhat ciia gidi ly luan Trung Qud'c.
Chang han, Giao sfl Canh Hai Phong, Dai hpc Tham Quyen, than phien rdng, d Trung Qud'c. Nho giao thfldng bi coi la tieu cUc, ldi thdi. nhieu ldm cflng chi cd chut ft "y nghia tien bd". Cach nhin dd da lam cho "dao dflc Nho gia" trong con mat cua xa hdi "ngay cang trd nen nhdt
nhat" va "xa la vdi ddi sd'ng thflc te^'.
Nguyen n h a n cua tinh hinh, theo GS Canh Hai Phong, la do anh hfldng cua Hd Thfch va Phflng Hflu Lan, nhflng ngfldi da xay dflng bp mdn "triet hpc Trung Qud'c" theo tieu chuan cua triet hpc phfldng Tay den mflc "cui minh theo ngfldi". Khi biet Nho giao dflpc danh gia cao d cac nfldc NICs chau A, GS Canh hai Phong cho biet, luc dd ngfldi Trung Qud'c dai luc mdi giat minh: "Tai sao hp khdng
"loai" truyen thd'ng ra ngoai cupc, ma lai dfla vao dd de xay dflng hien dai hoa? Tai sao dao dflc Nho gia ma chiing ta coi nhfl gie rach lai trd thanh ddng lflc thflc day sfl hai hoa xa hdi va ddi mdi van hoa, chfl khdng phai la chfldng ngai va ganh nang dd'i vdi sfl phat trien ciia cac khu vflc dd'"''.
Hay chang han, Trdn Phong Lam cho rang: "Trfldc sfl tha hda va ldn xdn cua quan niem gia tri toan cdu, quan niem gia tri Ddng A cdn dam dfldng trach nhiem nang ne cua thdi dai la vflc day sfl bang hoai ciia tinh than loai ngfldi...
Nhan dan Ddng A chiem khoang mdt phdn ba nhan loai da tao ra cho loai ngfldi nhflng di san vd cflng quy gia trong mpi linh vflc, lam cho tfldng lai loai ngfldi tran ddy hy vpng. Ddng A nhat dinh se bflde vao hang ngfl nhflng ngfldi quyet dinh sd phan chung cua loai ngfldi... Neu trong thdi ky tdi day, van hda phfldng Tay khong tao ra dfldc mdt eudc Phuc hflng van nghe mdi thi hoan toan cd the se xuat hien mdt the ky mdi trong dd van hda phfldng Ddng se thd'ng linh trao Iflu van hda the gidi"'*".
50
NGHIEN CUfU TRUNG Q\i6c so 8(96) - 20093 . De t h a y la, sfl p h u c s i n h ldn n a y ciia Nho giao cd ly do k i n h te - xa hdi - chinh tri ciia nd. Nhflng t h e o chflng tdi, ngay ca khi mpi ly do d e u h a m chfla nguyen n h a n k h a c h q u a n , t a t yeu ben trong, thi dd'i vdi ngfldi n g h i e n eflu, cai gi dang p h u c s i n h cflng can p h a i dfldc n h a n dang cho ro- T r o n g thflc te, cai thflc sfl phuc sinh t r o n g bd'i c a n h k i n h te thi thfldng, t o a n cdu hda va sfl ddi t h a y n h a n h chdng cua T r u n g Qud'c ed p h a i la Nho gido? H a y vdn hoa Nho gido? H a y chi la nhflng hien tUcfng vdn hoa - xd ,'i6i cd mdu sdc Nho gido?
Xin dfldc Iflu y r a n g , d cac xa hdi cd truyen thd'ng N h o giao, n g a y tfl r a t sdm, gifla Nho giao va v a n hda N h o giao, van cd mpt k h o a n g each r a t ldn. Hien tfldng nay k h d n g chi dien r a d Viet N a m , H a n Qud'c hay d N h a t Bdn - nhflng nfldc ma Nhe giao chi la thfl v a n hda ngeai sinh - ma ngay cd d T r u n g Qud'c, gifla ddng ddo nhflng ngfldi theo van hda Nho gia, chi cd r a t ft ngfldi thflc sfl la n h a N h e h a y am hieu N h o hpc. T r o n g xa hdi ngay nay, k h o a n g each n a y di n h i e n la ngay mdt rdng hdn: Ngfldi t a v a n cd t h e dfldc coi la m a n g v a n hda Nho giao, dfl chi vdi nhflng m a n h v u n vd tfl tfldng, nhflng tin dieu chdp va ve dao dflc, nhflng chi ddn phi he thd'ng ve nhdn, nghia, le, tri, tin..., t r o n g khi lai c h d n g m a y h i e u biet ve Nho hpc. D a y la dicu r a t cd y nghia khi cdn phdi xem xet vi t h e cua Nho giao trong sfl p h a t t r i e n d t h e ky XXI.
4. T r o n g mdt tai lieu cdng bd n a m 2005, chflng tdi da k h d o s a t nhflng nghien eflu cua 8 hpc gia tieu bieu'^' trong va ngoai nfldc ve gia tri Nho giao.
Khi p h a n loai gia t r i t h e o tieu chf dugc nhieu ngiCdi ddnh gid Id co thd hgng cao trong bdng xe'p hgng gid tri, cac gia t r i Nho giao h a n g d d u d cac nfldc c h a u A dflde 8 hpc gia n a y ghi n h a n la: 1/ Hieu hpc, de cao giao due; 2/ Can cfl, yeu lao dpng; 3/ T r a c h n h i e m cdng ddng; va 4/
Tdn t r p n g gia dinh, h u y e t tdc (xin k h d n g p h a n tfch t h e m ve nhflng gia tri nay).
O day, chflng tdi chi mud'n bd s u n g r a n g , ve c a n ban, nhflng gia tri nay thudc van hda Nho giao hdn la thudc ve b a n t h a n N h o giao.
5. Tuy n h i e n , ngay v a n hda Nho giad cflng la mpt t h e gidi da d a n g vdi nhieu hien tUdng thudc nhflng t r i n h dp sau ndng k h a c n h a u p h d n a n h b a n c h a t cfla Nho giao. N e u h o a t ddng chfnh cfla met sd' Hpc vien K h d n g tfl chi la day tieng Hea va td chflc cac t o u r du lich thi cai dfldc gpi la "van hda Nho giao" d day mdi chi la s a n p h a m thfl cap cfla van hda Nhd giad, cdn each r a t xa b a n t h a n N h e giad. Viec sdn x u a t bd phim nhfla
"Khdng Tfl" hai t a p d a n g dfldc quay tai Ha Bde vdi chi phi len tdi 22 trieu USD lai la m e t sdn p h d m thfl cap k h a c cua
"van hda Nho giao", cflng chfla chac da d a t tdi " t r i n h dp Nho giao" cao h d n . . .
T r e n thflc te', p h d n ldn nhflng s a n p h a m v a n hda Nho giao d a n g phd bien t r a n lan t r o n g thi trfldng thdi toan cdu hda mdi chi la cac sdn p h d m cua van hda tieu dflng, p h d n k h d n g can ban. phdn thfl you, p h d n cd t h e du n h a p va cap n h a t dflpc. 0 mflc dp s a u sac hdn, sfl t h a m n h a p cfla hpc t h u y e t N h o giao cdn phdi do b a n g sfl linh hdi. chiem nghiem.
va thflc h a n h cac gia tri lam ngfldi. ben
NGHIEN ClJfU TRUNG QUOC so 8(96) - 2009
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c a n h sfl a m tfldng (d mflc dp n h a t dinh) cac trfldc t a c k i n h d i e n K h d n g M a n h .
6. Nhfl vay, vdi tfnh each la t d n g hda cac gia t r i sdng, vdn hda ldm ngiidi t h e o nhdn sinh quan Nho gido mdi la cai p h d n a n h s a u sdc b a n c h a t c u a N h o giao.
Dl n h i e n t r o n g thiie te, k h d n g m a y hpc t h u y e t d a t tdi t r i n h dp t h a m n h a p s a u sdc nhfl t h e . N g a y n a y , nhflng bfle thfl p h a p ve Nhdn, Nghia, Le, Tri, Tin, nhflng q u a n a n h i e u Sdn Ddng, nhflng v a n mieu k i e u N h o giao x u a t h i e n n g a y cang n h i e u ca d t r o n g va ngoai T r u n g Qud'c. Nhflng v a n h d a l a m ngfldi k i e u Nho giao v a n k h a xa la vdi t h a n h n i e n phfldng Tay, t h a m chf cflng k h d n g k e m p h d n xa la vdi ea t h a n h n i e n T r u n g Qudc va Viet N a m t h e h e 8X, 9X.
III. KET LUAN
0 T r u n g Qud'c n g a y n a y , ddi sd'ng t i n h t h d n xa hdi d a n g cd n h u cdu ve mdt hpc t h u y e t du s a u sac, cd n g u d n gd'e b a n dia, phfl hpp h d n vdi t i n h t h d n trdi day eua v a n m i n h T r u n g H o a . . . de t h a y t h e , l a p chd t h i e u h u t h o a e l a m cdng cu gidi quyet nhflng v a n de t h u p c k h u vflc tfl tfldng - t i n h t h d n .
Nhflng n e u dd la ly do chfnh d a n g , t h i chfnh d a n g den m a y cflng vdn chfla p h a i la n g u y e n n h a n k h a c h q u a n de N h o giao p h u c sinh, tiep t u c p h a t t r i e n va p h a t h u y t a c d u n g nhfl la mdt n h a n t d b e n t r o n g cua sfl p h a t t r i e n cae xa hdi A Ddng t h e ky n a y . Cflng nhfl nhflng t h a p nien trfldc d Dai Loan, H a n Qudc, S i n g a p o r e h a y H d n g Kdng, N h o giao va v a n hda N h o giao h i e n vdn gifl vai trd va
vi t h e c u a m i n h m d t each tfl n h i e n t r o n g ddi sd'ng. Chflng la s a n p h a m eua bdn t h a n ddi sd'ng, dflpc b a o tdn va d u y tri l a n g le t r o n g ddi sd'ng. Va dd vay, khi cdn, chflng se p h a t h u y t a c d u n g theo quy l u a t t a t n h i e n ciia ddi sd'ng.
Sd' p h a n cua N h o giao t r o n g t h e ky XXI, ve c a n b a n , do ddi sd'ng xa hdi quy dinh./.
!\J
CHU THICH:
(1) "Do't sach chon Nho". Xem them: Dot sdch chdn Nho - tgi ddu phdi d Tdn Thuy Hodng. Hy Van dich tfl China.com.
http: 11 www. vietimes. vietnamnet. vn/vn/ nhi etkevanhoa 154581 index, viet
(2) "Lich sfl khong de nien dai, co dieu trang nao cung e6 may chfl "nhan nghia dao dflc" viet lung tung tf met. Tran troc khong sao ngu dUde, danh cam doe ky mai den khuya mdi thay tfl dau ehi euoi, d gifla cae hang, la ba chfl an thit ngUdi". Lo Tan. Nhdt ky ngUdi dien. http:/ /www.wattpad.com/
74187-Nh-J-k-ng-i-i-n-L-T-n..
(3) Xem them: Ham Chau. Suy tU d Khdc Phu. http:11www.vietbao.vn I van-hoa Isuy- tu-o-khuc-phu/40120418/181/.
(4) NICs - goi ddy du la "Cac nUdc eong nghiep hda mdi" (Newly Industrialized Countries). NIEs - "Cae nen kinh te cong nghiep hoa mdi" (Newly Industrialized Economies).// Xem them: Ho Si Quy. Rdng, hd Ddng A vd nhUng bdi hgc ve nhdn td vdn hda vd con ngUdi. T/e Nghien cUu Trung Qudc. So 3/2009.
(5) Phan Ngoe. Khdng hgc, quan he ciia nd vdi thdi dgi mdi. Sach "Mgt so' vdn de ve vdn hda vd phdt trien d Viet Nam, Ldo vd Campuchia". Nxb.KHXH. Ha Noi, 1999.
tr.149-150.
52
NGHIEN CU'U TRUNG QUOC so 8(96) - 2009(6) Daniel A. Bell. From Marx to Confucius: Changing Discourses on China's Political Future. Dissent. Spring 2007. //
James Reynolds. Trung Hoa cdng sdn tim lai dgo Khdng. BBC 23/3/2009. _Nguyln Hai Hoanh. Ve trao lUu phuc hdi Nho gido d Trung Qudc. Eastern Culture 2/12/2007. . //
Nguyen Hai. Hien tUOng. Vu Dan vd ccfn sdt Qud'c hgc. Eastern Culture 11/7/2007.
http://dongtac.net/spip.php7article813
(7) Xem: Jing Haifeng. Lai suy nghi ve dgo dUc Nho gia trong bdi cdnh todn cdu hda. Trong sach: "NhUng van de mui nhgn trong nghien cUu triet hgc dUOng dgi.
Nxb.KHXH. Ha Noi, 2008. tr.70, 71-79, BU (8) Xem: Chen Fenglin. Guanyu Dongya Jiazhiguan de jidian sikao. "Waiguo wenti yanjiu". 1998n., d.4q., d.47-50y.
(9) Mahathir Mohamad, Davis Hitchcock, Tommy Koh, Francis Fukuyama, Dan Waters, Richard Robison, Chen Fenglin, Phan Ngoc. Xem: Ho Si Quy. Ve gid tri vd gid tri chdu A. The Value and Asian Values.
Nxb.CTQG. Ha Noi, 2005, tai ban 2006.
tr.120-172.
, , TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bell, Daniel A. From Marx to Confucius: Changing Discourses on China's Political Future. Dissent. Spring 2007.
2. Chang, Gordon G. China After 30 Years of Reform. Do Hu and Wen have Deng Xiaoping's wisdom? (Forbes magazine December 16, 17, 18, 19 - 2008)
3. Ham Chau. Suy tU d Khuc Phu.
http://www.vietbao.vn/van-hoa/suy-tu-o- khuc-phu/40120418/181/.
4. Chen, Fenglin. Guanyu Dongya Jiazhiguan de jidian sikao. "Waiguo wenti yanjiu". 1998n., d.4q., d.47-50y.
5. Tran Van Doan. Khung hodng cdc gid tri Nho gido. T/c Nghien eflu Con ngUdi.
So 2/2003.
6. Dot sdch chdn Nho - tdi ddu phdi d Tdn Thuy Hodng. Hy Van dich tfl China.com.http:/ / www. vietimes. vietnamnet.
vn/vn/ nhietkevanhoa / 5458 /index, viet 7. Jing, Haifeng. Lai suy nghl ve dgo dUc Nho gia trong bdi cdnli todn cdu hda.
Trong sach: "NhUng udn de mdi nhgn trong nghien cUu triet hgc dUOng dgi". Nxb.KHXH.
Ha Noi, 2008.
8. Nguyen Hai. Hien tUOng Vu Dan ud cdn sdt Qudc /ipc. Eastern Culture 11/7/2007.
http:/ /dongtac.net/spip.php?article813 9. Nguyen Hai Hoanh. Ve trao lUu phuc hoi Nho giao d Trung Quo'c. Eastern Culture 2/12/2007.
10. Phan Ngoc. Khdng hgc, quan he cua nd vdi thdi dgi mdi. Sach "Mgt so'vdn de ve vdn hda ud phdt trien d Viet Nam, Ldo vd Campuchia". Nxb.KHXH. Ha Noi, 1999. •
11. Pel, Minxin & Jonathan Anderson.
The Color of China. (National Interest, March/Apnl 2009).
12. Pei, Minxin . The dark side of China's rise. (Foreign Policy, March/April 2006). WWW. carnegieendowmenl. org/
13. The dark side of China's rise.
{Foreign Policy, March/April 2006).
14. Ho Si Quy. Ve gid tri vd gid tri chdu A. The Value and Asian Values. Nxb. CTQG.
Ha Noi, 2005, tai ban 2006.
15. Ho Si Quy. Rdng, hd Ddng A vd nhUng bdi hgc ve nhdn to' vdn hda vd con ngiidi. T/c Nghien cUu Trung Qudc. So' 3/2009.
16. Lo Tan. Nhgt ky ngiidi dien.
http://www.wattpad.com/74187-Nh-t-k-ng- i-i-n-L-T-n.
17. James Reynolds. Trung Hoa cgng sdn tim Igi dgo Khdng. BBC 23/3/2009.
http:/ /www.bbc.co.uk/Vietnamese/world/2 009 /OS/ 090323 _china_confucianism. shtml
18. James Reynolds. Trung Hoa cgng sdn tim lai dgo Khdng. BBC 23/3/2009.
NGHIEN CUU TRUNG QUOC so 8(96) - 2009
