Nghien ciiu - Trao ddi
NEN GIAO DUC M d - TlT TlT TlTdNG HO CHI MINH DEN Sir NGHIEP DOI MCtt GIAO DUC 6 VIET NAM
TS. NGO THI HUYEN**' ThS. BUI THI CAM HANG<**'
Tom tat: Sinh thdi, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh rdt quan tdm den su nghiep trdng ngu&i - su 0 gido due. Tim hieu tu tu&ng Hd Chi Minh ve gido due, cd the thdy, tir rdt s&m, Ngudi dd quan tdm den viec xdy dung mpt nen gido due mo, md den nay, tu tu&ng do vdn mang gid tri dinh hu&ng ddi v&i su nghiep ddi m&i gido due d Viet Nam trong bdi cdnh cudc cdch mgng cdng^
nghiep 4.0. Trong bdi viet ndy, tdc gid sephdn tich, lam rd noi dung tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve nen gido due md; tie do, van dung vd de xudt mpt sd gidi phdp chii yeu nhdm ddi m&i gido dgc Viet Nam, dap ung yeu edu cua cdch mgng cdng nghiep 4.0.
Tir khoa: Hd Chi Minh; ddi m&i gido due; gido due md; ngudn nhdn luc
I
Tir tu'dng Ho Chi Minh ve nen giao due md'• Sinh thdi, Hd CM Mmh ludn quan tam den viec xay dyng ngn giao dye mdi, tien bd, Iinh hoat, rdng rai, tao ra kha nang va ca hdi hgc tap cho tit ca mgi ngudi. Ngn giao due vdi nhiing dac tnmg nhu vay, thyc chit la ndn giao due md.
Tu tudng Hd Chi Mmh ve nen giao dye md gdm nhimg npi dung cff ban sau:
Thic nhdt, vi chit the cua gido due Xuat phat tir quan diem con ngudi tM khdng ai toan didn, ai ciing cd cai hay, cai dd, vi vay, theo
*'* Trudng Dai hpc Lac Hong '"'Truong THPT Tran Hung Dao
Hd Chi Minh, hgc tap la mdt each dd biet cai gi hay, cai gi dd, phat huy cai hay, han chd cai dd, Ai ciing phai di hpc, dii la dan dng hay dan ba, ngudi gia, ngudi tte, thanh tMdu men, nM ddng, ta diln, ngudi lam cdng cho gia dmh, cdng nhan ttong him md, nha may, la can bd, dang vidn, quan nhan, hdi vidn cac doan tiig, giao vign, ngudi lam cdng tac huin luyen, ngn "lam nghi gi ciing phai hpc"". Dac biet, sau kM gianh dugc ddc lap, mpt ttong nhiing khd khan Idn nhat ciia cMnh quygn non tte la nan mil chu (ban 90% dan sd nudc ta liic dd bi mil chii). Vi vSy, ttong pMgn hgp diu tien cua CMnh phu lam tiidi ngay 03/9/1945, Chii tich Hd CM Mmh da neu ra sau nMem vu cap bach, ttong dd, "diet giac ddt" cM xIp thii hai sau "diet giac ddi".
So 3/2020
58
Hd CM Minh nhan manh, nan dot la "mot trong nhung phuang phap ddc ac ma bgn thuc dan dung dd cai tri chimg ta.... Mpt dan tdc ddt la mdt dan tdc ydu. Vi vay, tdi dk nghi md mdt cMin dich dl chdng nan rail chii"'". Ngay sau dd, vdi tu each la Chu tich CMnh phii lam thdi nudc Viet Nam Dan chii Cdng hda, Ngudi da ra 03 sic lenh: Sic lenh sd 17 dat ra mdt binh dan hpc vu ttong toan cdi Viet Nam; Sac lenh sd 19 lap cho ndng dan va thp thuygn nhiing Idp hpc bmh dan budi tdi; Sic lenh sd 20 quy dinh viec hgc chii qudc ngii tir nay (hie la tir nam 1945) la bat budc va khdng mat tien. Ngay 04/10/1945, Chii tich Hd CM Mmh da kdu ggi toan the ddng bao cung nhau Chong ngn thdt hpc.
Ngudi viet: ".. .Mudn giii vung nen dpc lap, mudn lam cho dan manh nudc giau, mgi ngudi "Viet Nam phai Meu biet quyen Ipi cua minh, bdn phan cua minh, phai cd kien thiic mdi dd cd the tham gia vao cdng cudc xay dung nudc nha, va ttudc hdt phai biet dgc, bidt viet chii qudc ngii. Nhiing ngudi da bidt chir hay day cho nhiing ngudi chua biet chii, hay gdp siic vao binh dan hgc vu... Nhiing ngudi chua bidt chii hay gang siic ma hpc cho bidt di. Vp chua bigt tM chdng bao, em chua biet tM anh bao, cha me khdng biet tM con bao, ngudi an ngudi lam khdng bidt thi chii nha bao... Phu nii lai cang can phai hgc"*-'. Nhu vay, m tudng ve ndn giao due md, ndn giao due ttong dd "ai ciing dugc hgc hanh" chiem vi tri quan ttpng ttong tu tudng Hd CM Minh.
Sau nay, ttong Di chuc, Ngudi can dan can bd, dang vien phai quan tam ddn viec hpc hanh, day nghe cho can bd, binh sy, dan quan du kich, thanh mgn xung phong da hy sinh mdt phan xuong mau cho dat nudc; quan tam den phu nii, ddn nan nhan ciia xa hdi cu. Hp la nhiing ngudi can dupe ddng vien, khuyen kMch di hgc nhat. Ngudi coi day la
"mgt cudc cMdn dau chdng lai nhung gi da cu ky, hu hdng, dd tao ra nhiing cai mdi me, tdt tuoi"'^'.
Tliic hai. ve khong gian vd th&i gian gido due Vdi mong mudn ai cung dupe hgc hanh, Hd CM Minh dac bidt quan tam den khdng gian va thdi gian hpc tap ciia timg ddi tugng. Theo Ngudi, ngudi giau cd thi md Idp hgc d tu gia day cho nhiing ngudi khdng bidt chii d bang xdm
. Nghien cim-Trao ddi lang gilng, cae chii ip, chii ddn diln, chii ham mo, nha may tM md lap hgc cho nhimg ta dien, nhung ngudi lam ciia mmh. Nhung ngudi khdng cd ^ e u Men hgc ban ngay ttii cd till hpc ban dem va CMnh phu phai "tiiilt lap cho ndng dan va tiig thuyen nhiing lap hpc binh dan budi t . Dilu nay cho tiiiy, Hd CM Mmh da rit quan tam va tao Adu kidn hoc tap cho cac ting lap nhan dan, ttudc het la dpi ngu ndng dan, cdng nhan. Hg la lyc Mgng dong dao ttong xa hdi, la ndng cdt ttong cudc each mang dan tdc dan chii nhung ttinh do cdn nMeu ban che do chiu hau qua hi chinh sach nd dich vl giao due cua thuc dan Phap. Ngudi yeu cau cac lop hpc phai dugc md Iinh hoat, dl ddng bao cd thd tham gia hgc tap theo kha nang va dieu kien cua hp.
Ngudi Cling cho rang, mudn nang cao kidn thiic ttong qua trinh hr hpc, mdi ngudi can biet each tan dung ttiet dl thdi gian va nhiing didu Men, phuang tidn cd san ttong xa hdi, nhu thu vien, cau lac bg, sach bao, vidn bao tang, cac budi ndi chuyen, hpi thao... Ngoai ra, mdi ngudi can tranh thii sy giiip do, hudng din cM bao ciia ban be, ddng ngMep va thyc Men phuong cham hgc d mgi liic, mgi nai, hpc ttong kM giao tMep, ttong cdng viec bing ngay, ttong viec Idn ciing nhu viec nhd, ttong kinh ngMem thanh cdng ciing nhu that bai va hpc trong cdng tac van ddng quan chiing. Ngudi cM rd: "Hgc d trudng, hgc d sach vd, hgc lln nhau va hgc nhan dan, khdng hpc nhan dan la mpt tiiieu sdt rat Idn"*"'.
Thicba, ve phuang phdp gido due Hd CM Minh rat coi ttpng phuang phap giao due mdi. Ngudi nhan manh, mudn hpc tap cd kit qua tdt thi phai cd phucmg phap giao due diing dan, dd ngudi hpc cd thai dp hgc tap, ren luyen tich eye va ty giac, cd nhu vay viec tilp thu npi dung giao due mdi nhanh chdng, Meu qua, dat muc tieu. Phuang phap giao due cung phai mim deo, sang tao, tiiy vao ttmg ddi tupng, hoan canh lich su khac nhau ma lya chpn phuang phap giao due phii hpp. Trong khang chiln, Hd Chi Mmh chii ttuong phai cd nin giao due khang cMdn va kiln qudc. Ngudi ydu ciu, phai sira doi each day cho phii hpp vdi dieu kien lich sir nudc nha Ci tieu hpc, each day phai nhe nhang va vui vd chd gd ep tMdu nM vao khudn khd ciia ngudi' Idn
Nghiin cdu - Trao doi
Ngudi chi ro; "day din din tur it ddn nMdu, tu de din khd, hi thip ddn cao. Khdng tham nMdu, khdng nhdi sg. Day mdt each tMdt thyc, ly luan gan chat vdi tiiuc hanh. Can bd huyen va xa tM vira hpc viia day"*^'.
D I tao ra nhiing con ngudi mdi, phuong phap giao due phai Meu qua, thuc td. Hd CM Minh nhan manh, nguyen tic thdng nhit giiia ly luan va thuc tiln trong giao dye, viec hpc phai gan vdi thyc td, phai cd till ngMem va tiiyc hanh. Phuang phap nay khdng nhiing giiip nguoi hgc bidn tri thire thanh hoat ddng thyc tidn, ren luyen cac ky nang da dugc ttang hi ttong (pia trinh hpc, ma cdn dd danh gia chat lupng giao dye. Ngudi ciJng khuyen kMch ty do tu tudng, ttr do bay td y kidn nhim gdp phin tao ra chan ly. Vide hpc khdng phai la vide lam trong ngay mdt ngay hai, ma la hpc tap sudt ddi.
Hd Chi Minh ciing nhin manh su can tMdt va cM ra Meu qua cua viec phat huy radi lidn he mat Ihiet giira nha trudng - gia ffinh va xa hdi ttong giao due cham lo, bdi duang the he tte. Theo Ngudi, giao due ttong nha trudng cM la mpt phan, can cd sy giao due ngoai xa hgi va ttong gia &ih dd vide giao due ttong nha trudng dugc tdt hon. Ngudi mong mudn cac gia dinh hdn lac chat che vdi nha ttudng, giiip nha trudng giao dye va khuyen kMch con em cham cM hpc tap, sinh hoat lanh manh va hang hai giup ich nhan dan. Ngudi ndi: "Giao dac ttong nha trudng dii tdt miy nhung tMdu giao due ttong gia dinh va ngoai xa hpi tM kdt qua ciing khdng hoan toan"<^'. Giao dye la su ngMep cua toan Dang, toan dan, cua mdi gia dmh, cua cac luc lupng xa hgi. Nen cM cd ket hgp chat che cac ydu td nay mdi tao thanh siic manh tdng hgp de dua su nghiep "ttong ngudi" di ddn thang Ipi.
Thu tu, ve npi dung gido due
Hd CM Minh cho rang, muc tieu cua giao due toiac mat la xda nan mu chii, vd lau dai la tao ra nhiing con ngudi mdi vua "hdng" vira "chuydn", vi vay, npi dung giao due phai mang tinh toan dien. Vide day ciing nhu hpc, phai biet chii ttgng ca tai, lin diic. Diic la dao diic each mang, la gdc cua ngudi each mang. N I U khdng cd dao diic each mang thi cd tai ciing vd dung. Hd CM Minh khang djnh: "Hpc bay gid vdi hpc dudi chi do thuc dan.
phong kidn khac ban nhau. Bay gid hgc phai dl:
ydu Td qudc..., yeu nhan dan..., ydu lao ddng..., ydu khoa hgc..., yeu dao diic... Hgc dl phung sy ai? Dd phung sy Td qudc, phyng sy nhan dan, lam cho dan giau, nudc manh"'^'.
Muc dich cudi ciing cua giao dye la cham lo bdi dudng thd he each mang cho ddi sau, phat ttien nhan each ngudi hgc. Ndn giao dye md
"dao tao cac em ndn nhiing ngudi cdng dan hiiu ich cho nudc Viet Nam, mdt nen giao due lam phat tridn hoan toan nhirng nang lyc san cd ciia cac em"<*'. Cach mang la sy nghiep ciia quan chung, giao due la mdt phan ciia each mang nudc nha, vi vay, dan chu xa hdi chii nghTa phai dugc phat huy, mpi ngudi dan ddu cd ca hpi hgc tap va hgc tap sudt ddi.
2. Van dung tir tirdng Ho Chi Minh ve nen giao due md trong doi mdi giao d\ic d Viet Nam Trdn ngn tang tu tudng Hd CM Minh vl mdt nin giao due md vdi nhiing dac didm dugc phan tich va bdi canh thdi dai, cd thd Mgu, nin gido due md la nin gido due md trong do mpi cdng ddn diu cd ca hoi hpc tap, trong nhOng khong gian vd thdi gian khde nhau, v&i npi dung vd phuong phdp gido due mem deo, linh hogt nham dgt din muc tieu cuoi cUng id phdt trien hodn todn nhirng ndng luc cua bdn thdn.
Ddi mdi giao giao due theo hudng md la tat yeu, phu hgp vdi xu thg va nhiing ddi hdi cua cudc each mang cdng ngMep 4.0 Men nay. Tren ndn tang tu tudng Hd CM Mmh ve ngn giao due md, Dai hdi lin thii X cua Dang xac dinh: "Chuydn din md Mnh giao due Men nay sang md Mnh giao dye md - md Mnh xa hgi hgc tap vdi he thdng hpc tap sudt ddi, dao tao lidn ttic, hdn tiidng giiia cac bac hgc, nganh hgc; xay dyng va phat ttien he thdng hpc tap cho mgi ngudi va nhiing hinh thiic hpc tap, thyc hanh hnh boat, dap iing nhu cau hpc tap tiiudng xuyen; tao nMlu kha nang, ca hgi khac nhau cho ngudi hgc, bao dam su cdng bang xa hdi ttong giao duc"'^'. Nghi quyit Hgi nghi lin tiiii tam Ban Chip hanh Trung uong khda XI (Nghi quyit sd 29-NQ/
TW) vi ddi m&i cdn bdn, todn diin gido due vd ddo tgo, ddp ung yeu cdu cdng nghiep hda. Men dai hda trong dieu Men kinh ti thi tiirmg dinh hu&ng xd hpi chu nghia vd hpi nhdp quoc te da neu ra quan didm
So 3/2020
Nghiin cvtu - Trao o cM dao: Ddi mdi he thdng giao due theo hudng
md, linh boat, hgn thdng giira cac bac hgc, trinh do va giua cac phuang tiiirc giao due, dao tao. Chuin hda. Men dai hda giao due va dao tao. Chu ddng, tich cue hdi nhap qudc td de phat ttidn giao due va dao tao, ddng thdi giao due va dao tao phai dap iing yeu cau hgi nhap qudc te dd phat tridn dit nudc.
Trong nhiing nam qua, vide ddi mdi he thdng giao due theo hudng md, ben canh nhiing thanh ttm quan ttgng, ciing dat ra nMeu van de ddi hdi Iy luan phai giai dap. Tu tudng Hd CM Minh v l ngn giao dye md da gpi md nMgu van de ma cho dgn nay van mang nhimg gia tri to Idn, ttd thanh co sd ly luan quan ttpng ttong viec hoach dinh cac chinh sach phat tnen giao due. Vi vay, cd the van dung tu tu&ng Ho Chi Minh vi nin ^ao due m&& cac mat sau:
~ Vi chu the cua gido due: Khuygn kMch cac chil the phat huy tinh ty giac, tu hpc, ty dao tao, coi ttpng thyc hpc, thuc nghigp, thuc tai. Viec ttuygn thy va tilp nhan tri tiiiic ttd thanh qua ttinh cung nhau tim each giai quygt van dd, gan vdi thuc tien cudc sdng.
- Ve moi tru&ng gido due: Trong nen giao due md, ngudi hoc, ngudi day cd thd tu do lya chpn dia digm, khdng gian, thdi gian hgc tap hnh boat, nai do ngudi day khdng cM lam cdng tac giang day, hudng dan, ma cdn la ngudi cimg lam viec, hpp tac. Ngudi hgc ciing khdng cM cd nMem vy hpc tap, tiep nhan tri thiic, ren luyen ky nang, ma cdn la ngudi tham gia cac du an, la cdng sy va binh dang ttong mdi quan he vdi ngudi day Trong mdi quan he nay, ca thay va ban dgu quy, nbimg cai quy nliat la chan ly. Do do, viec day, hgc suy dgn cimg la ngudi bigt day cho ngudi chua biet, ngudi bidt nMdu day cho ngudi biet it, nhu each ndi cua Hd CM Mmh.
- Ve phuang phdp, phuong tien gido due:
Trong ndn giao due md, ben canh viec duy tri nhiing phuong phap giao due tmydn thdng kM nhirng phuong phap nay van cdn nhung gia tri ttong nhiing hoan canh cu the, tM ngudi day va ngudi hpc can cd nhiing phuong phap mdi, phuang tidn mdi, tiiy vao ddi tugng ciia giao due ma lya chgn sir dung phuang phap giao due
phu hgp. Ngudi hgc se hr tilp nhan hi tiiiic, hi hpc tiieo each ciia hp, ngudi day ttd thanh ngudi dinh hudng ttong qua ttinh cimg nhau giai quyet van dl, nhim dat ddn muc tidu cudi cimg la phat Men ra kha nang, till manh cua ttmg ngudi hoc de phat huy tdi da nang luc cua timg ca nhan ngudi hgc.
- vi ddnh gid kit qua gido due: Hd CM Minh timg can dan can bd, dang vien, lam vide gi ciing phai xuit phat hi lpi ich cua nhan dan, cai gi cd lgi cho dan tiii phai hit siic lam, cai gi cd hai cho dan till phai hit siic ttanh, ttong giao dye ciing vay, du cd till nao tiii ciing phai tiii dua day tdt, hpc tdt.
Vi vay, chuin myc chung de danh gia chat lupng giao due la su tiiira nhan cua xa hpi ddi vdi nen giao due dd. Trong nin giao due md, viec danh gia chit lugng giao dye khdng cdn la cdng viec neng cua nganh giao due, ma cdn la cdng viec ciia cac td chiic bdn ngoai nganh giao due, dac biet la nhiing don vi sii dung san pham cua giao due. Do do, ttong giao due md, nguydn tac thdng nhat giiia ly luan va thuc tidn dugc dl cao, giao due nhim giai quyet nhiing van de ma cudc sdng dang dat ra, nhan thiic ttd thanh cdng vide cd tinh thyc tidn.
- Vi npi dung gido due: Trong nen giao due md, ndi dung giao due dupe tiiidt kd phii hgp vdi timg chil the ciia giao due, pha bd Idi tu duy giao didu dugc nguy ttang mgt each tmh vi bang khau Mdu 'irung thanh Mydt ddi" vdi nhiing nguyen ly da cd sin, xda bd Men tugng "nhat thd hda" vd ngi dung giao due va tinh ttang "bao san" trong tMet kd chuong trinh giao due, nhit la cac chuang trinh giao due phd thdng.
3. Mpt s6 giai phap chu ylu nham d6i mdi giao due Viet Nam dap iing yen cau cua each mang cdng ngMep 4.0
Trong nen giao due md, viec gd bd nhiing rdo cdn khdng cdn thiet la dilu kien cin diu tien md ra con dudng de mgi cdng dan diu cd CO hdi hpc tap. Xda bd nhimg rao can ddng nghia vdi vide tdng cu&ng khd ndng lua chpn Mnh thiic, ndi dung, phuang phap giao due. V l mat nay, ttong qua ttinh ddi mdi nin giao due chimg ta da gat hai dupe nhimg thanh tuu nhit dinh. Dd la mat bang vd dan tri, ty Ig tte em d l trudng, sd smh vidn trong cac ttudng dai hoc
Khoa hpc chfnh tri - So
Nghien ciiu - Trao dot 61 khong ngung tang Idn; he thdng trudng Idp, cac
CO sd dao tao vdi nhiing Mnh thiic va phuang thiic dao tao khac nhau dupe Mnh thanh; cac phuong phap giao due mdi xuat Men, ben canh nhiing phuang phap giao due truyen thdng; ...
Nhung, dd mdi cM la didu kidn c ^ , mang gia tri md dudng va thanh hm dat dugc mdi cM la sy thay doi vd lupng, chua cd su dot pha mgnh me vl chit Didu kien dii chinh la cac dinh hudng dd oin giao due van ddng hpp vdi quy luat va xu the cua thdi dai, la phat ttien toan didn nhiing nang lyc san cd cua ngudi hpc, tao ra ngudn nhan luc chit lupng cao, dap iing ydu cau cua each mang cdng ngMep 4.0. Tire la, tao ra nhiing thd hd each mang cho ddi sau nhu each ndi cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh. Nhung, d mat nay tM chimg ta chua lam dupe. Bang chiing la chat lugng ngudn nhan lyc dang ttd thanh "didm nghen" trong qua trinh phat trign va hdi nhap ciia dit nudc. Ngudn nhan lyc Met Nam dang mat din kha nang canh ttanh hdn thi ttudng lao dgng the gidi. Dieu nay da dugc canh bao tir nMeu nam nay, dac bidt, ttong cac bao cao danh gia, ngMen cuu cua nudc ngoai. Chang han, ttong Bdo cdo Ndng luc cgnh tranh todn cdu 2017-2018 (The Global Competitiveness Report 2017-2018), Didn dan Kinh te The gidi (WEF) da het ke nhiing yeu td gay can ttd nMdu nhat ddi vdi boat dgng kinh doanh tai cac qudc gia dugc xep hang ttong bao cao. Ddi vdi Viet Nam, du nang luc canh ttmh tdng hpp cua ndn kinh td da cd nhirng budc tien dang ke, nhung xet ve thyc luc d ttmg yeu td rieng le tM Viet Nam can nd lyc nMeu dd bat kip cac nudc ttong khu vyc va mgt ttong nhiing rao can hang dau la "luc lupng lao ddng chua dugc dao tao diy dii"*'"'. Va su yeu kem ttong dao due cdng viec cua luc lupng lao ddng ciing la mgt rao can dai dang, dugc cac bao cao ttgn nhac din ttong viec n&ig cao nang lyc canh trmh cua dit nudc. Vi vay, cung vdi viec go bd nhung rao can khdng can tMet, can xac dinh dugc nhirng giai phap chu ydu cho mdi giai doan cy the, tao ra ngudn nhan lyc dap ling cac ydu cau cua su ngMep cdng ngMep hda, hien dai hda ttong bdi canh hpi nhap qudc te va each mang 4.0, ciing la gdp phan dua Nghi quyet sd 29 ciia Dang di vao cudc sdng mdt each
cd Mdu qua. Dd lam dugc dieu nay can tiiyc Men nhimg giai phdp sau:
Mpt Id, tiep tuc thao g& nhimg rdo cdn khong cdn thiit trong tiip can gido due, chang han, rao can vd nhan thirc, chmh sach, xa hdi, ky thuat, kinh td,... "de quyen thu hudng giao due thyc su trd thanh mdt ttong nhiing quydn co ban cua con ngudi"*"'.
Hai la, day mgnh hpp tdc quoc te vi gido due Trong hpp tac qudc te ve giao due, can phat huy lgi the ciia dit nudc, dac biet la gia tti van hda tmydn thdng (tinh than yeu nudc, long ty tdn dan tgc, tmyen thdng Mdu hgc...), manh dan, chii dgng tham gia vao lan sdng ciia cupc each mang cdng ngMep 4.0, nang cao chat lugng ngudn nhan luc.
Ba Id, mgnh dan chuyin doi md hinh gido due truyin thdng sang mo hinh gido due m& dua tren nhitng thdnh tuu ciia cupc cdch mgng cdng nghiep 4.0, v&i su tham gia cua xd hpi, doanh nghiep trong qud trinh ddo tgo. Thuc tien da chiing minh, ttong dao tao ngudn nhan lyc, doanh nghidp cd vai ttd quan ttpng ddi vdi viec tao ra ngudn nhan lyc cd chit lupng. Vi vay, Nha nudc phai cd nhiing chinh sach khuyen kMch, bidn phap tuyen truyen, thu hut sy tham gia cua doanh ngMep vao sy ngMep giao dye. Nghi quyet sd 29-NQ/TW cua Dang da de xuat: dat hang cho giao due, phat huy siic manh tdng hgp cua ca he thdng chinh tri, giai quyit diit diem cac Men tupng tigu eye keo dai, gay brre xuc ttong Imh vyc giao due - dao tao; tao su dong thuan va huy dpng sy tham gia, danh gia, giam sat va phan bien cua toan xa hpi ddi vdi cdng cudc ddi mdi, phat tridn giao due. Thyc hien co chd ngudi hpc tham gia danh gia boat ddng giao due - dao tao; nha giao tham gia danh gia can bp quan Iy; co sd giao due tiiam gia danh gia co quan quan ly nha nudc vd giao due.
Bon Id, xdy dung moi tin&nggido due ddn chu vd Idnh mgnh, day mgnh thuc hdnh ddn chu trong nhd tiTcdng. coi ddn chu Id muc tieu, phuong thuc, dpng Mc cua viec ddi m&i, phdt ti-iin gido due - ddo tgo. Nha su pham, tiiay cd giao la nhiing ngudi ttyc tilp va MIU rd nhat ve thuc tidn giao dye cua nudc nha. Nhiing nguyen vpng, dl xuit (xem tiep trang 83)
So 3/2020
Nghien ciiu - Trao doi 83 that su hiiu ich din hanh khach, nhiing dieu nay
se lam tang sir hai long va an tugng chung cho khach hang, tu do nang cao long trung thanh cua khach hang hien tai cung nhu nang cao y dinh sir di^g lai cua hgQ
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO (1) Ben Akpoyomare, O Kunle Adeosun, L & Ganiyu, R (2016), Airline Service Quality Dimensions and Customer Loyalty. Empirical Evidence fiom Air Passengers' in Lagos State. Czech Joumal of Tourism, 5(2), 155-171 (2) Bai, B. Law, R and Wen I (2008), The impact of website quality on customer satisfaction gndpunohase intentions:
evidence from Chinese online visitors, Internationa]
Joumal of HospitalityManagement, 27(3), 391 - 402.
(3) Davis, F D (1989), Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and user acceptance of information technology, MSQuarterly, (13:3), 319-340
(4) Eid, R. Zaidi, M. and Sciences. A (2010), CRM in the context of dir line industry: mtemationcdjoumal of customer
relationship, Maiketing and Management, 1 (2), 35-42 (5) Hellier et al (2003), Customer repurchase intention A general structural equation model European Joumal of Maikeling, 37 (11/12), 1762-1800
(6) Ibrahim Elbeltagi, GomaaAgag (2016), E-retailing ethics and its impact on customer satisfaction and rqmrchase intention A cultural and commitment - trust theory /Teraparriv^, Intemet R^earch, 26(1), 288-310 (7) Kuo et al (2013), Effects of inertia and satisfaction in female online shoppers on repeat-purchase intention. The moderating roles ofword-ofmouth and alternative attraction.
Managing Service Quality, 23 (3)
(8) Safe, N.S &Von Solms, R (2016), Customers r^yurchase intention formation in e-commerce, 5bulh Afiican Joumall of Information Management, 18(l),a712
(9) Yu-Hui Fang Chao-Min Chiu Eric TG.Wang (2011), Understanding customers' satisfaction and repurchase.
Intentions Intemet Research, 21 (4), 479 - 503 (10) ZeilhamI, V. A (1988), Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value, a means-end model and synthesis of evidence. The Joumal of maiketing, 2-22
NEN GIAO DUC MOf - TlT TlT TlTONG H 6 CHI MINH...
(tiip tlieo trang 61)
cua hg la can cii quan trgng de dua ra phuang huong phat trien giao due phu hgp. Xay dung dugc moi truong giao due dan chu va lanh manh se phat huy, tap hgp dugc nhirng y kiin de xuSt ciia cac thay, co giao. Nghi quyet so 29 ciia Dang ve doi mai giao due va dao tao da nhan manh can thuc hien dan chii hoa, xa hgi hoa giao due - dao tao. Thuc chat, do la su tiip tuc tu tuong H6 Chi Mmh ve nen giao due ma trong dieu kien doi moi dat dat nuoc va hpi nhap quoc te. Bin vi, suy den ciing, giao due - dao tao phai hudtig den phat trien toan dien nhiing nang luc san co cua con nguai; "Day va hgc can phai theo nhu cau ciia dan tgc, ciia Nha nuoc"'^'^'.
Tom lai, hong dieu kien hien nay, nghien cim va van dung sang tao tu tuong H6 Chi Minh v i nen giao diic ma la viec xay dung nen giao due that su cho tat ca mgi nguai, vi mgi nguai; ai ciing
dugc quyen binh dSng huong thu thanh qua ciia nen giao due va co nghia vu dong gop xay dung va phat trien giao due. Do do, doi mai he thong giao due theo huong mo la mgt tdt yeu khach quan. •
(i),(2>vp(e) Ho Chi Minh Todn tgp, t.7, tr.40, 41 va 34
"' H6 Chi Minh, Sdd, t.l5, Nxb. Chinh tri quic gia, HaNoi, 2011, tr.616-617
<•» H6 Chi Minh, Sdd, t.6, tr.361
<=i H6 Chi Minh, Sdd, t.8, tT.467 (6|vs(i5) H6 Chi Minh, Sdd, t.lO, tr.591 va 291 ('1 H6 Chi Minh, Sdd, t.9, tr.178-179
<" Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Vdn kien Dai hpi dgi bieu todn quic Idn thicX, Nxb Chinh tri q u i c gia, Ha Noi, 2006, tr.95
(101 -\fif£Y (2017), The Glohgl Competitiveness Report 2 0 7 7 - 2 0 / 5 , Page.308
" " Pham Van Linh, Dinh hudng chien luac, gidi phdp dot phd nhdm ddi mdi cdn bdn, todn dien gido due vd ddo tgo Viet Ngm, Nxb Chinh tri q u i c gia. Ha Noi, 2015.*tr.34
