Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky- niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10 2010
NGHIEN CLTU
I T N GDUNG
VA PHAT TRIEN CONG NGHfi VAT LIEU
Nguyen Quang Liem
Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu, VKHCNVN 18 Hoang Qudc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Ndi
Email: [email protected] Tom tat:
Bdo cdo ndy trinh bdy mdt sd kit qud nghien cim cdng nghe, irng dung cdng nghe vd phdt triin cdng nghi vdt lieu & Viin Khoa hgc Vdt lieu, bao gdm ca kit qud nghiin cuu tgo ra cdng nghe, nghien cuu ung dung cdng nghe vd nghien ciru phdt triin cdng nghi; cd cdng nghi chi tgo (i) cdc vdt lieu tiin tien ddc biit, ddn ddu (frontier/advanced materials) vd (ii) cdc vdt lieu cd irng dung truyen thdng.
Ve logi vdt lieu (i): cd thi ki den nhirng thdnh cdng trong nghien ciru che tgo vd ung dung vdt lieu dng cdc-bon nand; cdc chdm lugng tir bdn ddn phdt huynh quang hiiu sudt cao; cdc vdt lieu xiic tdc; vdt lieu diing trong thiit bi do liiu birc xg; trong thiit bi cdm bien khi. Vi logt vdt lieu (ii): cd the ke den cdc nghien cim ung dung cdng nghe chi tgo nam chdm cu&ng do cao NdFeB vd he thdng mdy phdt diin, mdy tuyen tu; cdc nghien cim phdt trien cdng nghi che tgo vdt lieu chiu
mdi mdn ung dung trong sdn xudt bam cdt vd md phanh tdu hda; cdng nghi chi tgo andt hy sinh vd andt tro ung dung trong bdo vi vdt lieu; cdng nghi thu hdi ni- ken tir ngudn thdi irng dung trong xir ky mdi tru&ng vd thu hdi kim logi quy; cdng nghi chi tgo hgp kim cd ung dung ddc biet trong y ti vd trong linh vuc dd trang sue; cdng nghe chi tgo vdt lieu xu ly cdc nguyen td ddc trong nu&c sinh hogt;
cdng nghe xir ly tro bay nhd mdy nhiet dien irng dung trong be-tdng vd ggch nhe khdng nung;... Ngodi ra, cdc nghien cim phdt trien cdng nghe irng dung trong sdn xudt cdng nghiep (ndng cao chdt lugng den huynh quang, ddnh gid hu hdng vdt lieu, thiit bi phdn tich,...) ciing dang dugc triin khai thuc hiin cd kit qud. Thuc ti, & Viin Khoa hgc Vdt lieu, nghien ciru cdng nghi vd phdt triin cdng nghi dugc xdy dung thuc hien tren co s& cdc nghiin cim khoa hgc ca bdn djnh hu&ng ung dung do cdc cdn bd khoa hgc cdng nghe cd trinh do cao triin khai thuc hien tgi nhirng phdng thi nghiim dugc trang bi khd tien tiin vd ddng bd tgi Viin khoa hgc
Vdt lieu, v&i su hgp tdc nghiin cim hieu qud v&i cdc tap thi khoa hgc khdc thudc cdc vien nghien cim/trudmg dgi hgc trong nu&c vd qudc ti; cdc nghien cuu irng dung cdng nghi dugc thuc hiin v&i nhu cdu thuc te, ki cd nhu cdu khoa hgc cdng nghe vd nhu cdu kinh ti-xd hdi
Abstract:
This report highlights the results of the research works for source technology, applications and developments of technologies at Institute of Materials Science (IMS), including the researches to create the source technology, the researches on possible applications and the researches to develop/enhance the available
technologies. IMS' studies have focused on (i) the frontier/advanced materials and (ii) materials for normal applications. For the former ones, we can list the successes in the syntheses and applications of carbon nanotube, of highly luminescence semiconductor quantum dots, of catalytic materials, of thermal luminescence materials, and of metallic oxides for gas sensors. For the latter
Tog ddm "Nghien cim img dung vd phdt trien cong nghe" ISBN' 978-604-913-017-5
ones, we list the successes in the applications of high magnetic force NdFeB for micro-hydro-station and for machine systems using in minerals refinery, of abrasive materials for making brakes of train, of sacrificed and inert anodes for metal protections, of technology for recycle of nickel from industrial M'astes, of special metals and alloys for medicine and jewelry, of nanomaterials for treatment of polluted water, of technology for refinery of fly ash for specific concretes,... In addition, IMS has developed the technologies for enhancing quality of fluorescence lamps, for failure analysis of materials and developed various models of the X-ray fluorometer. In fact, at IMS, the researches on the technologies have been carried out on the basis of the fundamental researches oriented to applications. These researches have been performed by well-trained scientists at well equipped laboratories, with fruitfully domestic and international collaborations. Researches on applications and developments of technologies are pursued upon the real needs of the community and society.
I. MOf D A U
Tga dam vl "Nghien ciiu img dung va phat trien cdng nghe" nen trudc bet, chiing ta can thong nhit each hieu ngir nghTa ciia cum tir tren. Theo tdi, cum tir tren can duge viet lai la
"Nghien ciiu, iing dung va phat trien cdng nghe" de ehi rd ba cdng viec cd lien quan him co vdi nhau: (i) "Nghien ciiu cdng nghe" cd nghTa la can cii tren muc tieu iing dung ma nghien ciiu de cd dugc cdng nghe dap irng muc tieu (tiic la cdng nghe ehua ed san); (ii) "Nghien cim ling dung cdng nghe" cd nghTa la phai chgn dugc cdng nghe ed san de iing dung mdt each hieu qua cho mdt muc tieu img dung nao dd cu the; (iii) "nghien eiiu phat trien cdng nghe" lai cd nghTa la can thuc hien cac nghien cim de hoan thien hoae nang cao/md rdng tinh nang hay kha nang irng dung ciia mdt cdng nghe da cd nhung chua hoan chinh. Tren co sd phan tich tren, cd the thay rang neu tiep can hgp ly, cd the bat dau vdi timg phan trong ba cdng viec ke tren (nghien cim tao ra cdng nghe, nghien ciiu iing dung cdng nghe da cd va phat trien/nang cao cdng nghe), khdng bj can trd lan nhau. De dat hieu qua iing dung, cd the bat dau tii' khau nghien cim cdng nghe co ban, phat trien va trien khai iing dung; eiing cd the bat dau ngay vdi nghien cim img dung cdng nghe; lai ciing cd the nghien cim phat trien mdt edng nghe cd trien vgng. Trong tat ca cac each thiic tren, viec djnh hudng img dung dan tdi quyet djnh chgn nghien ciiu cdng nghe gi va nghien ciiu phat trien cdng nghe nhu the nao.
Theo quan diem lay san pham cudi ciing dat dugc lam chuan danh gia hieu qua boat ddng thi ket qua ciia nghien ciiu co ban phai dugc the hien bang cac cdng bd khoa hgc cdng nghe dang tai tren cac tap chi qudc te; trong khi dd, nghien ciiu cdng nghe phai eho ra ddi nhirng cdng nghe ed the img dung, ke ca viec dap iing nhu cau trong khoa hgc cdng nghe va trong trien khai san xuat, cd the phat trien de cai thien tinh chat ciia vat lieu, nang cao hieu qua sir dung vat lieu, hoan thien tinh nang ky thuat ciia san pham,...
Bao cao nay trinh bay mdt sd ket qua nghien cim tao ra cdng nghe, nghien ciiu iing dung cdng nghe va nghien cim phat trien cdng nghe vat lieu d Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu, bao gdm ca ket qua nghien ciiu ve (i) cac vat lieu tien tien dac biet, ddn dau va (ii) cac vat lieu cd iing dung truyen thdng. Ve loai vat lieu tien tiln, cd thi kl din nhirng thanh cdng trong nghien eim che tao va img dung vat lieu dng cac-bon nand; cae cham Iugng tir ban dan phat huynh quang hieu suat cao; vat lieu diing trong thilt bj do lilu biic xa; trong thiet bj cam bien khi. Vl loai vat lieu truyin thdng, cd thi kl din cac nghien ciiu phat trien cdng nghe che tao vat lieu chju mai mdn img dung trong san xuit ma phanh tau hda, cdng nghe che tap andt hy sinh va andt tro img dung trong bao ve vat lieu, cdng nghe thu hdi ni-ken tir ngudn thai img dung
Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10 2010
trong xir ly mdi trudng va thu hdi kim loai quy, edng nghe che tao hgp kim ed img dung trong y te va lam dd trang sire, cdng nghe che tao vat lieu xir ly cac nguyen td ddc trong nude sinh boat, cdng nghe xir ly tro bay nha may nhiet dien img dung trong be-tdng va gach nhe khdng nung,... Mdt hudng nghien cim phat trien cdng nghe nira dang duge trien kliai cd hieu qua la su ket hgp nghien cim vdi thuc te san xuat nham nang cao chat lugng san pham va hieu qua san xuat, cdng nghe danh gia hu hdng vat lieu phue vu cdng nghiep, cac nghien cim che tao cac thiet bj phan tich,...
n. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU CONG NGHE, TRIEN KHAI iTNG DUNG
L Mot so ket qua nghien ciru cong nghe che tao va irng dung vat lieu dien tir, quang dien tir va quang tir tien tien
LJ Kit qud nghiin cuu cdng nghi chi tgo ong cdc-bon nand
Vat lieu dng cac-bon nand cd nhirng tinh p—-' •.— ..—-^ ..«.=...,.,^.^ . — , v >.
nang dac biet tdt nhu rat nhe, sieu ciing (hon i ca kim cuong), sieu ben (gap 20 Ian thep sieu ^
ben) tro vdi hau bet hoa chat, dan niiiet cue [• ,'•«
tdt, la ngudn phat xa dien tir tdt ed the thay the I cac ngudn phat dien tir cd dien, cd the diing lam phdi lieu cho vat lieu composite de lam tang tinh chat ca hgc, tinh dan dien va dan nhiet ciia vat lieu composite,... nen da dugc quan tam nghien cim che tao trong nhiing nam gan day. Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu da trien khai cac nghien cim cdng nghe che tao vat lieu dng cac-bon nand tir kha sdm [1], da thu dugc nhiing ket qua ca ve nghien cim cdng nghe va nghien cim tinh chat vat lieu, kha nang irng dung [2], va dac biet la da cd Bang ddc quyen
sang che sd 7713 ve ''Thiit bj vd quy trinh sdn xudt dng caebon nano'\ tren co sd dd da trien khai san xuit bing viec ciing Cdng ty TNHH Qudc te 1(^CT thanh lap Cdng ty TNHH Cdng nghe Nand Viet Nam. Hinh 1 trinh bay mdt hinh anh ve dng cac-bon nand che tao tai Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu.
1.2 Kit qud nghiin cuu cdng nghi chi tgo cdc chiim Iwgng tir bdn ddn
Trong nhiing nam gan day, cham Iugng tir ban dan CdS, CdSe, CdTe, InP dugc quan tam nghien ciiu sdi ddng do nhiing tinh chat dac biet hap dan cho nghien ciiu ca ban ciing nhu trien vgng irng dung. Viec lam chii cdng nghe che tao cac cham Iugng tir ban dan dat chat lugng cao do dd la bat bude de cd the tien xa hom trong nghien ciiu eo ban va chu ddng trong cac thiet ke irng dung. Ngoai ra, cdn mdt Iy do "dat gia" nira la gia thanh san pham: vi du, neu phai mua thi hien nay gia cham lugng tir ban dan CdSe/ZnS la -300 USD/mg, trong khi neu lam chii dugc cdng nghe thi chi phi boa chit dk lam ra 1 mg CdSe/ZnS ehi -10 USD! Nhu vay. gia cdng nghe la rat cao trong gia ban san pham cham lugng tir ban dan.
Mdt sd tap the khoa hgc ciia Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu da tim hilu tai lieu, phan tieh, danh gia vl mi diem/ban che cua timg loai cdng nghe lien quan: phuong phap gia nhiet hon hgp tiln chit CO kim (heating-up) ciia Cd, Se hoae In/P; phuong phap phun tiln chit Cd va Se, Te vao dung djch ndng (hot-injection); phuong phap gia nhiet nhanh vdi phan img xay ra lien tuc
Hinh 1: Hinh dnh cdc dng cdc-bon nand chi tao tai Viin Khoa hoc Vdt lieu
Tog ddm "Nghien cim img dung vd phdt trien cong nghe" ISBN: 978-604-913-017-5
trong ddng chay (micro-fluidie heating); phuang phap chi tao trong mdi trudng nude (aqueous phase synthesis),... vdi viec sir dung hgp Iy cac chit boat ddng bl mat (surfactant) de nghien ciiu, lam chii dugc cdng nghe che tao cac tinh thi nand/chim lugng tir ban dan.
Hinh 2 trinh bay anh huynh quang cua mdt sd loai cham lugng tir da cbl tao bang cdng nghe do Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu nghien ciiu, lam chii dugc: CdSe/ZnS, CdTe/CdS. InP/ZnS.
Cd the thay chat lugng ciia cac cham Iugng tir che tao dugc rat tdt - thude vao hang chat lugng eao so vdi cae san pham qudc te eiing loai, de tren dd cd the nghien cim eo ban trinh do cao [3] va trien khai cac irng dung lam chat danh dau huynh quang y-sinh (biolabeling), lam vat lieu huynh quang trong mdt cau tnic linh kien chieu sang ran [LED+vat lieu huynh quang]
hay trong cau triic ciia Iinh kien chuyen hoa nang Iugng mat trdi cau triic lai polymer/cham lugng tir [4,5] . Cd the ndi, Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu da nghien cim thanh cdng cac cdng nghe che tao cac cham lugng tir loai CdSe/ZnS hoae CdSe/CdS, InP/ZnS trong dung mdi hiru co cd nhiet do sdi cao nhu trioetylphosphine oxide (TOPO), hexadeeylamine (HDA) hoae Octadecene, va dac biet la trong diesel, mdt dung mdi phd bien. khdng ddc, rat re tien; cac cham lugng tir CdSe/CdS va CdTe/CdS trong mdi trudng nude phat huynh quang hieu suat cao, rat thuan tien cho img dung danh dau ndng-y-sinh [6].
Hinh 2: (a) mdt phdn ciia he thiet bi chi tgo vd sdn phdm chdm lugng tir CdSe/ZnS, (b) cdc chdm lugng tu CdTe/CdS tan trong nu&c vd (c) InP/ZnS. V&i chdt lugng tdt, hieu sudt lugng lu
phdt quang cao, cdc chdm lugng tu huynh quang rd ngay du&i dnh sdng trong phdng 1.3 Kit qud nghiin ciru cdng nghi chi tgo vd
ung dung vgt lieu nhiet phdt quang
Ciing vdi sir phat trien cac ky thuat lien quan tdi cac birc xa va nang Iugng hat nhan, la nhu ciu nghien cim khoa hgc cdng nghe dam bao an toan cho can bd van hanh. Tren the gidi da cd nhiing hang chuyen san xuat va ban san phim do lilu biic xa tren co sd nhiet huynh quang ciia vat lieu LiF.
Uu diem ciia do lieu buc xa bing nhiet huynh quang la kich cd lieu kl nhd va do nhay cao, rit him ich cho cac img dung khae nhau trong y tl nhu do phan bd lieu chieu xa va trong an toan phdng xa nhu do lieu tich luy ca nhan. Vdi viec xay dung nha
may dien nguyen tii' d Viet Nam, nhu ciu vl lilu kl ca nhan ciia ta se tang cao va la nhu eiu lau dai. Vi vay, nghien eim cdng nghe chi tao vat lieu nhiet phat quang tdt, cd thi triln khai irng dung thuc te da dugc Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu xac djnh la nhu cau cua dat nude, ein dugc trien khai thuc hien. Trong nhiing nam qua, mdt sd de tai da dugc trien khai vdi nhung nghien cim rat bai ban [7]; ket qua la can bd ciia Vien da thanh cdng trong cdng nghe cbl tao vat lieu Li2B407:Cu; Li2B407:Cu,Ag,P va LiF:Mg,Ti; LiF:Mg,Cu,P; LiF:Mg,Cu,Na,Si cd do nhay biic
Hinh 3: The do Hiu cd nhdn
Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10 2010
xa cao, dugc triln khai thanh cac lilu ke ea nhan (Hinh 3). Nam 2009 Vien da ban 300 lieu ke ca nhan cho Cdng ty cd phin thilt bj va cdng nghe hat nhan (NEADTECH) de cung cap cho cac nhan vien lam viec trong mdi trudng phdng xa vdi gia thanh -15% gia ciia san pham nhap ngoai.
L4 Kit qud nghiin cdu cdng nghi chi tgo vd umg dung vgt lieu cdm biin vd thiit bi do khi
Phdng Cam biin va Thilt bj do khi thudc Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu da nghien cim cdng nghe che tao va cac tinh chat ciia vat lieu nhay khi kich thudc nand-met tren co sd cac nhdm dxit kim loai cd cau triic perovskit va cac hdn hgp dxit kim loai; da nghien cim anh hudng ciia cau true va kich thudc hat tinh the len cac qua trinh hap phu be mat, do nhay, do chgn Igc
piPPimi«PM"i|i!i' la'*
Hinh 5: Mdy phdt thuy diin nhd vd hi thiit bi tuyen khodng sir dung vdt lieu tir
ddt hiim NdFeB
Hinh 4: Cdc thiet bi gidm sdt d nhiim vd rd ri khi ddc vd khi chdy nd, do dan khi CO, HC vd hai
cdn dugc chi tgo tgi Viin Khoa hgc Vdt lieu va do dn djnh ciia cam bien. Thuc sir, dd la nhiing nghien ciiu cdng nghe vat lieu ed djnh hudng img dung rat cu the de lam cac cam bien khi, phan tir quan trgng trong mdt thiet bj do khi [8].
Nham di den san pham cudi ciing la thiet bj do khi, cac can bd khoa hgc cua Vien da nghien ciin thiet ke va che tao cac dang cam bien, thiet bj bao qua nguong ndng do khi ddc va kiem soat mdi trudng khi, do CO, HC (CH4, LPG, n-hexan,...), H2 va hoi cdn, cd do nhay va do chgn lge cao, boat ddng trong cac viing cd ndng do khi kbac nhau (Hinh 4).
Cac san pham thiet bj do khi da dugc Trung tam Do ludng Viet nam kiem djnh va cap chimg chi chat Iugng, da cung cap cho cac co sd d Ha Ndi, Tp. Hd Chi Minh, Kien Giang, Nam Djnh va Bae Giang, vdi tdng gia trj cua cac Hgp ddng -1 ty ddng.
r r F -^ r
2. Mot so ket qua nghien cuu cong nghe che tao va irng dung vat lieu truyen thong 2.1 Kit qud nghiin ciru cdng nghi chi tgo vd irng dung vgt lieu tir NdFeB
Tir nhirng nam 2000 [9], vat lieu tir cudng do cao NdFeB da dugc Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu quan tam nghien cim nham trien khai nhiing img dung. O day, can bd ciia Vien da theo quan diem nghien cu'u irng dung cdng nghe de di den san pham cudi ciing, ed the iing dung dugc trong thuc te. Bang cac ngudn kinh phi kbac nhau, can bd cua Vien da trien khai nghien eim thanh cdng irng dung cdng nghe vat lieu de che tao cac may phat thuy dien nhd, cac he thdng may tuyen tir tang trdng diing trong cdng nghiep tuyin khoang. Hinh 5 trinh bay mdt sd hinh anh san pham (may phat thuy dien nhd kieu dimg va ngdi, va he thilt bj tuyin khoang) sir dimg vat lieu tir dat hiem NdFeB.
Tog ddm "Nghien cim I'mg dung vd phdt trien cong nghe' ISBN: 978-604-913-017-5
Hinh 6: (a) td chuc mat cdt ngang di thep-vdt lieu ma sdt vd (b) sdn phdm md phanh tdu hod
a) 2.2 Kit qud nghiin ciru cdng nghi chi tgo va ung dung vgt lieu chiu mdi man
Vat lieu chju mai mdn dugc sir dung de che tao ma phanh eiia phuomg tien giao thdng hay may mdc bang ma sat trugt. Ngay nay, vat lieu ma sat thudmg la vat lieu td hgp, dugc che tao tii' cac loai bdt rdi. Ddi vdi phuomg tien may mdc cd ddng nang rat Idn, vat lieu ma sat thieu ket nen kim loai cd bd sung thanh phan gdm da dugc phat trien dk dap ling yeu cau lam viec trong dieu kien van tdc Idn, tai trgng nang. Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu da nghien cim thanh cdng cdng nghe
chi tao vat lieu ma sat td hgp kim loai-gdm bing ky thuat luyen kim bdt va iing dung vat lieu che tao gude ham dau may D19E cho nganh dudng sat Viet Nam.
Cdng nghe che tao vat lieu ma sat bang phuong phap luyen kim bdt dugc tien hanh theo trinh tu cac bude: nghien -^ trdn -> ep djnh hinh ->• thieu ket. Anh hudng ciia ham lugng va kich thude hat gdm den do ben ciia vat lieu ma sat thieu ket nen sat da dugc khao sat. Trong dd, silieat sat phai dugc dua vao vat lieu dudi dang hat thd (150 den 300)im) va cacbit silic phai dugc phan tan mjn trong pha nen (Fe-Cu) dudi dang cae hat mjn hon (3-10
|im). De cd the img dung vat lieu ma sat thieu
ket ddi hdi phai sd hiru cdng nghe lien ket vat lieu ma sat vdi de phanh. Ket qua nghien cim (Hinh 6a) cho thay cdng nghe ban de thep-vat lieu ma sat da dugc nghien ciin thanh cdng, td chirc mat cat ngang de thep-vat lieu ma sat sau khi ban da dugc lien ket bang ldp hgp kim ddng. Hinh 6b trinh bay san pham ma phanh che tao bang cdng nghe eiia Vien Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu, hien dang dugc thir nghiem trong nganh dudng sat Viet Nam [10,11].
2.3 Kit qud nghiin ciru cdng nghi chi tgo vd irng dung vgt lieu bdo vi
Vat lieu bao ve dugc nghien eiiu che tao nham bao ve cac cdng trinh chju qua trinh an mdn dien hoa nhu vd tau, cac cau thep, gian khoan va cac he thdng dng kim loai. Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu da lam chii cdng nghe che tao andt hy sinh (tren co sd hgp kim kem va hgp kim nhdm) va andt tro (dugc che tao bang phuong phap phan huy nhiet tren co sd hdn hgp dxit kim loai quy va dxit tro phii tren nen titan - Ti/RuIrTiOi) iing dung trong bao ve vat lieu (Hinh 7) [12,13]; da ky hgp ddng cung cap san pham cho cac co sd ddng tau, eau cang vdi doanh thu kha dn djnh hang nam tren dudi 2 ty ddng.
b) Hinh 7: (a) andt hy sinh (kem)
vd (b) andt tro gdn tgi nai cdn bdo vi
Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky niem 35 ndm I 'ien Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10.'2010
2.4 Kit qud nghiin cuu cong nghi ni-ken
Luyen kim ni-ken la cdng nghe phirc tap. Trong vdng 5 nam trd lai day, Vien Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe Viet nam da giao cho Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu chii tri nghien eim phat trien cdng nghe dieu che ni-ken kim loai tir cac ngudn nguyen lieu ba thai ran trong cdng nghiep ma erdm, ni-ken. Tir cac ket qua nghien ciiu da dat dugc, de tai da de ra quy trinh cdng nghe thuy luyen [14]
va dugc cap Bang sang che ddc quyen 7859 ngay 20/7/2009 [15]. San pham ni-ken kim loai (Hinh 8) do Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu dieu che cd chat Iugng cao, dugc thj trudng chap nhan.
Nhiing ket qua nghien eim nay hoan toan ed the ap dung vao viee nghien cim phat trien cdng nghe dieu che ni-ken true tiep tir quang nguyen khai ciia md ni-ken Ban Phuc, Son La. Cdng nghe dang dugc trien khai, dat ket qua tdt [16].
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2.5 Kit qud nghiin ciru cdng nghi chi tgo hgp kim dge Met Vat lieu hgp kim dac biet cd ung dung trong y
te va trong san xuat dd trang sire cd nhung yeu cau khat khe ve sir phii hgp co the va y thich ciia ngudi tieu diing. Hai loai hgp kim sir dung de lam rang gia va vang trang da dugc quan tam nghien ciru tai Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu, da dat ket qua kha quan [17,18]. Ve loai hgp kim lam rang (tren co sd Ni, Cr, Mo, Ti), dugc che tao bang cdng nghe nau trong Id dien trd, da dam bao tinh nang ky thuat, sir dung dugc trong thuc te. Vang trang tren CO sd hgp kim Ni-Cu-Zn dugc nau trong Id trung tan, dap iing tdt thj trudng dd trang sire (Hinh 9).
Hien nay, cae cdng nghe nay dang dugc cac tac gia chuyen giao cho cac co sd san xuat.
Hinh 8: sdn phdm ni- ken thu tir chdt thdi rdn
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41
Hinh 9: Khdi hgp kim vdng trdng 4,8 kg (hinh tren) vd cdc nhdn 18K, 14K
vd 9K (tir trdi sang, hinh du&i) 2.6 Kit qud nghiin cuu vgt lieu xir ly cdc nguyin td ddc trong nw&c sinh hogt
Vat lieu nand MnOi va g-Fe203 da dugc nghien cim che tao bang phuuong phap bde hoi nhanh va nhiet phan gel. Cdng nghe cho phep che tao dn djnh cac vat lieu nand cd kha nang hap phu As, Fe va Mn. Tren co sd vat lieu che tao dugc, cac can bd ciia Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu da trien khai iing dung trong cac thiet bj hap phu As, Fe va Mn lam sach nude sinh boat gia dinh. Day la van de cd y nghTa xa hdi dam bao ngudn nude sach cho sinh boat d viing nude bj nhiem cac nguyen td tren. Hien nay, san pham ciia Vien cd the lge nUde vdi cdng suat
100 - 250 lit/gid, de dang giai hap de tai sir dung vat lieu [19].
2.7 Kit qud nghiin ciru cong nghi xir ly tro bay
Trong qua trinh van hanh cac nha may nhiet dien, Iugng khdng Id (hang trieu tan) cac tro xi da trd thanh van de khdng chi ciia san xuat ma cdn la bao ve mdi trudng. Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu da trien khai cac nghien cim cdng nghe nham tai sir dung duge lugng tro thai nay va thu hdi lugng than cdn trong tro (con kha Idn, -24%). Cdng nghe va thilt bj ddng bd eiia Vien da dugc danh gia cao, cho phep trien khai img dung cd hieu qua kinh tl, cung cip san phim la tro bay irng dung lam phu gia trong be-tdng (yeu ciu lugng than du <6%) phuc vu xay dung dap thuy dien Son La, va gan day la qu\' trinli san xuit gach nhe khdng nung. Cdng nghe da
Tog ddm "Nghien cim img dung vd phdt trien cong nghe" ISBN: 978-604-913-017-5
Hinh 10: Ldy mdu replica hiin tru&ng cho phep xir Iy tro thai cua Nha may nhiet dien Pha Lai vdi cdng suit 24.000 tin/thang [20].
2.8 Ket qud nghiin ciru cdng nghi xir ly khodng sdn Vat lieu thien tao (eae khoang san) cd the
dugc gia tang gia trj rat rd, tham chi la gia tang dot biin nlu cd edng nghe xir ly phii hgp.
Theo hudng nghien ciiu nay, mdt sd tap the nghien ciiu ciia Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu da triln khai cac nghien eim cdng nghe che bien khoang san (vi du, sericit - mdt loai khoang vat ciing hg mi-ca) thanh vat lieu cd the sir dung trong cdng nghe che bien son, polymer va trong boa my phim [21], cdng nghe thu hdi vat lieu sau qua trinh che bien khoang san (vi du, thu hdi mica tir che bien set, cao lanh [22]).
Cdng nghe che bien khoang san cua Vien dang dugc trien khai ciing vdi cac boat ddng nghien cim che tao thiet bj tuyen khoang, cdng tac
danh gia tac ddng tdi mdi trudmg sau khai thac,.. trd thanh nhiing boat ddng lien nganh hd trg nhau, phuc vu cho phat trien ben viing.
3. Ket qua nghien ciru irng dung va phat trien cong nghe phuc vu cong nghiep 3.1 Kit qud nghiin ciru cdng nghi phuc vu cdng nghiep sdn xudt ngudn sdng
Trong nhieu nam, mdt sd can bd d Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu da nghien ciiu cac van de lien quan tdi co sd khoa hgc cdng nghe ciia cac ngudn sang nhu den huynh quang va den LED.
Viec ky ket Thoa thuan hgp tac khoa hgc cdng nghe giira Vien Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe Viet Nam va Cdng ty Cd phan Bdng den Phich nude Rang ddng (ngay 10/8/2006) da thuc day cac nghien ciiu nay d Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu manh me hom. Mdt sd ket qua ban dau rat cd y nghTa ciia sir hgp tac nghien cim-trien khai iing dung la (i) da khang djnh viec diing nude de thay dung mdi hiru co trong quy trinh trang bdt huynh quang trong san xuat den huynh quang;
(ii) mgt sd cai tien thiet ke chan luu den compact nham giam sir den dau den; (iii) mdt sd trang thiet bj giiip do nhanh qua trinh gia boa den huynh quang; (iv) nghien cim ve bdt dien tir;... Hien nay, cac nghien ciiu cdng nghe, ky thuat nham cai tien timg khau cdng nghe san xuat den huynh quang va nang cao nang lire do kiem san pham dang dugc Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu tiep tuc trien khai [23].
3.2 Kit qud nghiin ciru irng dung cong nghi ddnh gid hw hdng vgt lieu cdng nghiep Trong sir phat trien cdng nghiep, nhieu trang thiet bj cin dugc "tham kham va danh gia"
chat lugng trong qua trinh boat ddng, nham cd dugc phan hdi-tdt cho cdng nghiep cbl tao may, cung nhu canh bao cho ngudi sir dung. Trung tam danh gia hu hdng vat lieu (COMFA) thudc Vien khoa bgc Vat lieu da dugc xay dung tren co sd can bd nghien ciiu ciia Vien, cac phdng thi nghiem lien quan va ngudn trang thiet bj, dao tao chuyen mdn tang cudng cho ngudn nhan lire tir ngudn kinh phi ODA vay ciia Chinh phii Dire, triln khai qua to chiirc GTZ
[24]. Hien nay, vdi ddi ngii can bd chuyen mdn gidi, trang thiet bj ddng bd va td chiic boat ddng theo tieu chuan qudc te, COMFA cd kha nang danh gia hu hdng vat lieu (chii ylu la kim loai va tu van kiem soat chat Iugng nude ndi hoi/tudc-bin) phue vu cdng nghiep cd sir dung hoi nude, va dang md rdng boat ddng nhim ddng vai trd quan trgng hon niia trong loai hinh boat ddng djch vu khoa hgc cdng nghe mdi me nay d Viet Nam. COMFA la mdt thanh vien
Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10 2010
trong mang ludi khu vuc gdm cac trung tam tuong tu d Han Qudc, Mala>'sia. Thai Lan, Singapore. Hinh 10 trinh bay mdt hinh anh ve boat ddng ciia COMFA - lay mau replica tai hien trudng.
3.3 Kit qud nghiin cuu chi tgo thiit bj phdn tich huynh quang tia-X
Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu da trien khai nghien cim che tao thiet bj phan tieh huynh quang tia X tir rat sdm (nhiing nam 1990) vdi cac cdng doan khae nhau: tir che tao de-tec-to ban dan Si:Li, che tao mach tien khuech dai cho de-tec-to va cac phan dien tir lien quan, cho tdi thiet ke va lap dat hoan chinh he thiet bj de cd the sir dung trong phan tich cae nguyen td kim loai nang tir Ca,.. Kinh nghiem che tao thiet bj va hieu biet sau sac ve phuong phap phan tich huynh quang tia X da giiip cho cac can bd cua Vien tan dung sir phat trien ciia ky thuat the gidi ve che tao de-tec-to va mach dien tir... de phat trien thanh cdng mdt sd the he thiet bj phd ke huynh quang tia X khae nhau, sir dung ngudn phat tia X hoae tia phdng xa, irng dung hieu qua trong phan tich kim loai quy (vang, bae) phuc vu nhu cau thj trudng ndi dja. Cap chinh xac ciia cac thiet bj do Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu che tao cd the so sanh dugc vdi cac san pham qudc te ciing loai dugc ban tren thj trudng, nhung vdi gia ca va dieu kien bao tri rat canh tranh [25]. Hien nay, the he may "xach tay" dang dugc nghien cim, hoan thien.
IIL KET LUAN
Bao cao da trinh bay mdt sd ket qua nghien ciiu cdng nghe, img dung cdng nghe va phat trien cdng nghe vat lieu d Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu, bao gdm ca ket qua nghien ciin tao ra cdng nghe, nghien cim nham irng dung cdng nghe mdt each hieu qua va nghien cim phat trien cdng nghe de nang cao tinh nang. Cac nghien cim bao gdm ca ve edng nghe che tao (i) cac vat lieu tien tien dac biet, ddn dau (frontier/advanced materials) va (ii) cac vat lieu cd img dung truyen thdng. Ve loai vat lieu tien tien: cd the ke den nhirng thanh cdng trong nghien cim che tao vat lieu dng cac-bon nand, cd the thuong mai hoa san pham; cac eham lugng tu ban dan phat huynh quang hieu suat cao CdSe, CdTe va InP; cac vat lieu tren co sd Li diing trong thiet bj do lieu biic xa; mdt sd dxit kim loai va hdn hgp dxit kim loai dang perovskite kich thudc nano-met dimg lam cam bien trong thiet bj do khi. Ve loai vat lieu truyen thdng va cdng nghe che tao he thdng thiet bj: cd the ke den cac nghien eiiu irng dung cdng nghe che tao nam cham cudng do cao NdFeB va he thdng may phat dien, may tuyen tir; cac nghien ciiu phat trien cdng nghe che tao vat lieu chju mai mdn tren co sd td hgp kim loai-gdm iing dung trong san xuat bom cat va ma phanh tau hda; cdng nghe che tao andt hy sinh va andt tro tren co sd vat lieu hgp kim kem hoae nhdm, hdn hgp dxit kim loai quy va dxit tro phii tren nen titan - Ti/RulrTi02 nham iing dung trong bao ve vat lieu; cdng nghe thu hdi ni-ken tir ngudn thai ling dung trong xir ky mdi trudng va thu hdi kim loai quy; cdng nghe che tao hgp kim cd img dung dac biet trong y te (tren co sd Ni, Cr, Mo, Ti) va trong ITnh vuc dd trang sire (hgp kim Ni-Cu-Zn); cdng nghe che tao vat lieu xiic tac hap phu MnOi va g-Fe203 cau tnic nand de xir ly cac nguyen td ddc As, Mn va Fe trong nude sinh boat; cdng nghe xir Iy tro bay nha may nhiet dien ung dung trong be-tdng va gach nhe khdng nung;... Mdt sd ket qua ve hudng nghien cuu phat trien cdng nghe phuc vu thue te san xuat den huynh quang, nham nang eao chat lugng san pham va hieu qua san xuat; phat trien hudng chuyen giao va iing dung cdng nghe danh gia hu hdng vat lieu phuc YVL cdng nghiep, cdng nghe che tao thiet bj phan tich huynh quang tia X,... Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu thue te boat ddng trong nhieu ITnh vue khoa hgc cdng nghe khae nhau lien quan tdi vat lieu. Vi vay, trong mdt bao cao toa dam vdi thdi gian va in trong mdt sd trang gidi ban khdng the bet nhirng van de ma Vien dang trien khai thue hien. Trong timg bao cao rieng d cac hdi nghj Hdi thao khae nhau, cac can bd ciia Vien da cd nhirng trinh bay ket qua nghien cim cua tap the minh mdt each chi tilt hon.
Togddm "Nghien cim irng dung vd phdt triin congnghe" ISBN: 978-604-913-017-5
Cd the thay rang, thanh edng trong nghien ciiu cdng nghe cua Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu dua tren cac nghien cim co ban diy dii vl ciu true va tinh chit ciia \'at lieu, tren nhung thilt kl img dung cd ehii djnh va su phdi hgp cac nghien cim mgt each ddng bd. kl ca chii ddng trong hgp tae qudc te.
Loi cam on
Bao cao da sir dung tai lieu do cac ddng nghiep lanh dao cac tap thi khoa hgc (Phan Ngge Minh, Pham Thu Nga, Phan Tien Diing, Nguyen Ngoc Toan, Nguyen Van Tich, Doan Dinh Phuong, Pham Dire Thang, Nguyen Ngge Phong, Nguyin Hdng Quyin, Td Duy Phuong.
Tran Le Hung, Luu Minh Dai, Dd Xuan Thanli, Pham Hdng Duong, Le Thj Hdng Lien, Le Quang Huy) cung cap.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Phan Hdng Khdi, "Vdt lieu nandmet dgng mdng, dng vd sgi", de tai cap TT KHTN&CNQG 2001-2002; "Nghien ciru cdng nghe che tgo mdng mdng gid kim cuong vd dng cdc bon nandmet bdng phuang phdp ldng dgng hod hgc vd ldng dgng hda hgc kit hgp sdng micromeC, dk tai cip TT KHTN&CNQG 2003-2004;..
2. Phan Ngge Minh, "Tdng hgp, nghien cim tinh chdt vd irng dung vdt lieu dng nand cdc bon don tu&ng, da tu&ng", de tai Hgp tac theo Nghj djnh thu vdi Phap 2008-2009.
3. U. T. D. Thuy, N. Q. Liem, D. X. Thanh, M. Protiere, P. Reiss, Appl. Phys. Lett 91 (2007) 241908. Optical transitions in polarized CdSe, CdSe/ZnSe, and CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots dispersed in various polar solvents. Bai bao nay dugc Hdi Vat Iy My lua chgn dang lai tren the December 24, 2007 issue of Virtual Journal of Nanoscale Science & Teclinology.
4. Nguyen Quang Liem, "Che tgo vd nghien ciru tinh chdt quang phd cita mdt vdi logi chdm lugng tu de sir dung trong ky thudt ddnh ddu bdng chdm lugng tir", Bao cao nghiem thu dk tai cip Vien KHCNVN 2005-2006.
5. Nguyen Quang Liern, "Nghien cuu cdng nghe chi tgo ba logi chdm lugng tir bdn ddn irng dung trong chiiu sdng hieu sudt cao'", Bao cao nghiem thu dl tai Vien KHCNVN 2008-2009.
6. Nguyin Quang Liem, Pham Thu Nga, Nguyen Diic NghTa, Dinh Duy Khang, Tdng Kim Thuin, Uhg Thj Dieu Thuy, Trin Thj Kim Chi, Vii Dire Chinli, Ngd Trjnh Tiing, Van Trgng Hieu, "Chi^ tgo vd nghien cim sir dung cdc chdm lugng tu CdSe/ZnS v&i cdc l&p yd dd dugc biin tinh ldm chdt ddnh ddu huynh quang sinh hgc, phuc vu cho sdn xudt vd xudt khdu cdc sdn phdm ndng nghiip"\ dk tai ddc lap cip nha nude 9/2009-9/2012.
7. Phan Tien Diing, "Che tgo hi thdng thiit bi do liiu birc xg irng dung trong y ti vd do liiu birc xg ", dk tai cip Vien KHCNVN 2006-2007.
8. Nguyen Ngge Toan, "Nghien ciru chi tgo thiit bi do ndng do khi chdy vd khi ddc su dung sensor chi tgo trong nu&c ", dk tai cip Vien KHCNVN 2004-2005.
9. Nguyen Hdng Quyen, ''Trien khai cdng nghe chi tao vd irng dung vgt lieu NdFeB", dk tai trgng dilm cip TT KHTN&CNQG 2000.
10. Nguyen Van Tieh, "Nghiin ciru chi tgo hgp kim ldm viec trong mdi tru&ng mdi cao vd dn mdn ciia nu&c md de che tgo cdc chi tiet mdy diing trong cdng nghiep khai thde vd
Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky niem 35 ndm I 'ien Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10 2010
chi biin khodng san ", dk tai cip TT KHTN&CNQG 2000-2001.
11. Doan Dinh Phuang, "Nghien ciru chi tgo vdt lieu ma sdt thieu kit bdng phuong phdp luyen kim bdt", dk tai cip Vien KHCNVN 2006-2007.
12. Nguyen Ngge Phong, "Chi tgo dien cue andt tra tren ca s& hdn hgp dxit kim loch irng dung trong linh vuc chdng dn mdn vd cdng nghe dien hod ", de tai cap Vien KHCNVN 2006-2007.
13. Nguyen Ngge Phong, "Che tgo dien cue andt tro cd do bin cao di xir ly mr&c thdi cdng nghiep bdng phirang phdp dien hod", de tai cap Nha nude KC.02.04/0610 2006- 2008.
14. Pham Diic Thang, "Nghien cim xic ly vd tdi sir dung hd thdi rdn trong cdng nghiep mg erdm, niken'", Bao cao tdng ket de tai cip Vien KHCNVN 2006-2007.
15. Pham Dire Thang, Luu Minh Dai, Td Duy Phuong, "Bdng ddc quyen sdng chi Phuang phdp thu hdi kim logi niken tu bd thdi cdng nghiep mg niken'" sd 7859 do Cue Sd hiru tri tue cap cho Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu theo Quyet djnh sd 15449/QD-SHTT ngay 20.07.2009.
16. Pham Dire Thang, "Nghien ciru thir nghiem cdng nghe che tgo niken kim logi lir tinh quang niken Bdn Phiic, San la", Bao cao tdng ket de tai KHCN cap Vien KHVL 2009.
17. Tran Le Hung, "Nghien ciru xdc lap quy trinh cdng nghe chi tgo vdng trdng he Ni chdt lugng cao vd che thu sdn phdm", Bao cao nghiem thu de tai Vien KHCNVN 2008-2009.
18. Td Duy Phuong, "Nghien ciru cdng nghe che tgo hgp kim niken crdmmolybdentitan ldm vdt lieu chdn thuang, phuc hinh rdng - nha khoa ", Bao eao nghiem thu de tai Vien KHCNVN 2008-2009.
19. Luu Minh Dai, "Nghien cuu hodn thien che tgo vdt lieu xiic tdc chira mangan oxyt, sdt oxyt kich thudc nandmet sir dung de tdch asen, sdt vd mangan tir nu&c sinh hogt & quy md gia dinh ", Bao cao nghiem thu dl tai dge lap Vien KHCNVN 2008-2009.
20. Nguyen Hdng Quyen, Giai Nhat Giai thudng sang tao khoa hgc-cdng nghe Viet Nam nam 2008 ve cdng nghe che bien tro bay.
21. Nguyen Van Hanh, "Nghien cim cdng nghe chi biin khodng sdn sericit vd ung dung trong linh vuc son, poylme vd hod my phdm ", de tai Nha nude KC.02.24/06-10, 2009- 2010.
22. Dao Van Son, "Nghien ciru hodn thien cdng nghe tuyin thu hdi mica trong qudng thdi dudi ciia qud trinh tuyen cao lanh ldm nguyen lieu cho mdt sd ngdnh cdng nghiep ", Du an SXTN cip Vien KHCNVN 2007-2008.
23. Pham Hdng Duong va Dd Xuan Thanh, "Nghien cim ung dung cdc phuong phdp vd che tgo thiet bi do dge, kiem tra, chdn dodn ky thudt dung trong cdng nghi sdn xudt den huynh quang hieu sudt cao", de tai phdi hgp Bd/nganh cap Vien KHCNVN 2008- 2009.
24. Hoang Thj Binh, "Du dn xdy dung COMFA", Bao cao nghiem thu 4/2010.
25. Le p u a n g Huy. "Thiet ki che tgo he phd ki huynh quang tia X di phdn tich thdnh phdn cua vdt lieu irng dung trong khai thac vd chi biin khodng sdn ". Bao cao nghiem
thu d l tai Vien KHCNVN 2008-2009.
