Tgp Chi Khoa Hpc Gido Due Ky Thudt (32/2015) Truimg Bgi Hpc SuPhgm Ky Thugt TR Hd ChiMinh
NGHIEN ciru, THI CONG HE THONG TICH LUY NANG Ll/gfNG DIEN DANG CAM K H A N G TREN 6 TO RESEARCHING AND INSTALLING ACCUMULATED SYSTEM
OF INDUCTANCE ENERGY IN AUTOMOBILE
Phan Nguyen Qui Tam, Do Van Dung, Do Quoc Am, Nguyen Ba Hai Truang Dgi hoc Su Phgm Ky Thudt TPHCM
Ngay tda soan nh$n bai 01/4/2015. ngay phan bi$n danh gia 02/4/2015, ngay chap nh$n dang 5/4/2015
TOM T A T
Tren he thong dien vd dien tu 6 to, nhieu ca cdu chdp hdnh co kit cdu tir cuon cdm nhu: cdc bobine ddnh lira, kim phun, van dien tir, rale... Tgi cdc thdi diem chuyen mgch, tren cdc cuon ddy se xudt hien cdc xung dien tucdm co bien do cao. Sue dien dgng tir 80V den 400V neu tren dnh huong lan den tuoi tho linh kien dien tu, sinh nhiet vd gdy lang phi ndng luang. Be tdi trinh bay kit qud nghien ciru vd thi cong mgt he thong thu hoi, tich liiy nguon ndng lugng diin cdm khdng nhimg giup bdo vi linh kiin bdn ddn md con cung cdp cho cdc tdi dien hogt dgng gidn dogn tren xe, gop phdn tiet kiem dien ndng vd tieu hao nhiin lieu.
Tir khoa: hi thong thu hoi vd tich liiy ndng lugng, ndng lugng dien cdm, sue diin dgng tu cdm.
ABSTRACT
In automotive electrical and electronic sysems, solenoid operated actuators have been used such as: ignition coils, injectors, solenoids, relays.... These solenoids will produce high elec- tromotive force (EMF) as soon as that current interrupted suddenly. These EMF with 80V to 400V altitude influence on the lifetime of electronic devices and waste energy. This paper pres- ent result of research and design the inductance energy recovery system that not only protect electronic devices but also supply to electrical loads to save electrical energy and fuel.
Key words: recovery and accumulated enegy system, inductance energy, electromotive force.
I. GIOH THIEU
cuon
Ngay nay, eae bg ehap hanh eo ket cau til nhihu giai phap da dugc thuc thi dS han cam dugc sit dung rjt ph6 bien tren he (,i,| 3„i, \nsimg nay nhung p h k Ion chi dimg thang dien 6 to nhu: bobine danh lira, kim ^ ^jg,, (rjgj (ieu ngu6n dien ap cam khang nay phun, van dien tir, rale... l(j,i chiing vira xudt hien. Vi thS, phan tieh va Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh hoat dong, khi dS xuit cac giai phap nhim thu hfii ngudn nang dong dien di qua cac bp phan nay bj dong ngit lugng dien cam nay la v6 ciing quan trgng.
dot ngot bai thiet bi dieu khien, a cac cuon Tren the gioi, nhieu cong nghe moi da cam se xuat hien eae sue dien dong tu cam hi dugc irng dung tren 6 to nham tiet kiem nhien 80V d^n 400V, gay hai cho eac thiSt hi dien tir lieu nhu: cong nghe i-ELoop (Intelligent En- khac. Them vao do dao dong tat din xuit phat ergy Loop), Start-Stop, Hybrid Air, cDrive tir cae xung dien neu h-en sinh nhiet tren mach ....Cong trinh: VUracapacitors + DC-DC dien la nguyen nhan gay t5n that nang lugog. Converters in Regenenative Braking System,
Tgp Chi Khoa Hpe Gido Due Ky Thugt (32/2015) Trirdng Dgi Hge Su Phgm Ky Thugt TPHd ChiMinh
IEEE AESS System Magazine, August 2009, trinh bay ket qua nghien ciiu, thi cdng thiet bi thu hdi nang lugng tir he thdng phanh 6 td, d do cd tich hgp cac sieu tu, bd chuyen doi DC- DC va board mgch vi xii ly.
Tai Viet Nam, da cd mdt sd cdng hinh nghien Cliu ve cudn cam va nang lugng dien nhu:
Chuyen de cugn cdm vd ndng luang dien cdm trin hi thdng dien d td cua Luang Anh Tuan, Phdn tich sue dien dong tu cdm tren cuon day sa cdp hohine cua Vii Tien Dgt -Nguyen Chi Thi...
Noi dung: Nghien cuu, thi cong hi thong tich liiy ndng luang dien dgng cdm khdng tren 6 to.
II. KHAO SAT THlTC TE VA CHON P H i r O N G AN THU HOI NANG LlTONG
Viec khao sat cac xung dien tu cam dugc tien hanh tren xe Toyota Camry 2001 vdi cac ket qua sau day:
Khi xe hoat ddng, tren he thdng dien cd nhieu xung dien tu cam xuat hien tgi thdi diem ddng ngat ddng dien qua cac cudn day. Day la mpt trong nhiing yeu td gay hai cho cac hop dieu khien dien tir. Dang xung dien dugc trinh bay tren hinh 1 den hinh 4.
Hinh 3: Xung dien ap ciia van dien tii.
Hmh 4: Xung dien ap cua cudn day.
Tir cac dang xung cua cac cudn day khac nhau tren 6 td, chiing ta cd the thay bien dp ciia xung kha Idn, phu thudc nhieu vao tdc dp bien thien cua tir thdng va sd vdng quan ciia cudn day. Thdi gian dao ddng ciing thay ddi tiiy thudc vao thdng sd cua mach.
De tinh toan ddng dien va nang lugng ciia xung tu cam, ta su dung md hmh dugc trinh bay tren hinh 5.
Hinh 1: Xung dien ap so cap ciia bobine. TT- L ^ o ^ i . - L .. ' L j - ~ J - ii.-:
* ^ ^ Hinh 5: So do tinh toan mach dien dieu khien cudn day.
11
Cuong dp dong dien qua cuon day tai thoi diem khoa K ngat dupe xac dinh bai cong thue:
'CO : ( l - e i
Hinh 2: Xung dien ap ciia kim phun. j r o n g do: U: Dien ap accu.
Tgp Chi Khoa Hpe Gido Dgc Ky Thugt (32/2015) Trudng Dgi Hpc SuPhgm Ky Thugt TP. Hd ChiMinh
R: Tdng trd cupn dSy.
RI: Dien trd trong ciia mach dieu khien.
K: Bo phSn ddng ngit mgch.
C: Tu dien dn dinh mgch.
Dien ap tu cam tren cudn day:
xoay chieu de nap cho tu d miic 14.2V.
U,=L
d'Ct)R+Rl
Niing luang tich liiy tren eupn d3y:
Wti 2 " 2 iR + R, I
Ket qua tinh toan nang lupng tich luy a cac ca can chap hanh pho bien tren 6 to dupe trinh bay tren bang 1.
Thoi gian (t) Nang iuong (J)
Bobme 0,02 0,252
Kim phun 0.01 0,0117
Van dien tir 0,01 0.022
Rale 0,0075 0,00015 Bang 1. Thong sd thdi gian va nang lugng tich liiy trong mdi lan khda K ddng ngat.
Do tan sd hogt ddng cua cac solenoid kha Idn nen nang lugng tich liiy tu cac cudn day neu tren khdng nhd. Chinh vi vay, ta cd the thu hdi nang lugng ttr cam thdng qua cac phuong an sau day:
Cac giai phap thu hdi nang lugng tu cam dugc trinh bay tren hinh 6, 7, 8.
Hinh 6: Bd thu hdi dung tu dien xoay chi8u.
Bd thu hdi nang lugng {hinh 6) hoat dpng dua tren co che bien ddi xung dien ap tu cam dau vao (80V- 250V) thanh tin hieu dien ap
Hmh 7: Bd thu hdi dimg tu keo.
Bd thu sir dung tu keo dung lugng 630V-0.1pF cd chiic nang tgo nhjp bien dao ddng diing theo xung nhjp cua tdn sd xuat hien xung tu cam, sau dd di qua mgch cau diode chinh luu thanh dien ap mpt chieu de ngp vao cac thiet hi luu trii.
X
Hinh 8: Bd thu hdi diing cudn cam.
Tren hinh 8 gidi thieu giai phap dua tren nguyen ly bien ap xung. Xung tu cam xuat hien se qua cudn cam Ll. Khi cudn cam Ll tich liiy dii nang lugng va dn dinh miic dien ap se giai phdng ngudn nang lugng ben trong sang cuon cam L2. Cupn cam L2 tgo xung dien dn dinh va mirc dien ap xung cao hon so vdi xung dien ap ban dau. Diode Dl, D2 cd chiic nang chgn xung dien dp phdng nguge.
Thi cong vd Mnh gid thiet bi thu hoi dien cam
Phuong an bd thu hdi diing cudn cam (hinh 9) da dugc chpn va thi cdng vi nd cd kha nang dap ling cac yeu cau ve hieu suat va dp dn dinh.
Hinh 9: Cau tgo bd thu hdi dien cam khang
Tgp Chi Khoa Hge Gido Due Ky Thugt (32/2015) Trudng Dgi Hpe SuPhgm Ky Thugt TP Hd ChiMinh
Qua trinh do va phan tich cac xung dien ap trudc va sau khi lap bd thu hdi dugc thuc hien tren dao dpng ky Textronic DPO2024. Dang xung trudc va sau khi lap bd thu hdi nang lugng dugc trinh bay tren hinh 10, 11.
Hinh 10: Xung dien trudc khi lap bd thu hdi
•fakpitVu
14.2V-116.7F dugc thiet ke gdm 02 khdi sieu tu mac song song, trong dd mdi khdi gdm 06 sieu tu Maxwell BCAP0350, 2.7V-350F m i c ndi tiep. Bd luu trii nay dap irng kha nang tich tru nang lugng dii Idn, dien ap tuong duang dien ap he thdng, kha nang nap day va an toan trong qua trinh ngp (hinh 12).
Hinh 12: Thiet hi luu trii nang lugng gdm 12 sieu tu Maxwell BCAP0350
Nang lugng cue dai cua thiet bi luu tru:
C,aU^ 116.7J:14.2^
Hinh 11: Xung dien ap sau khi lap bd thu hdi Ket qua cho thay dinh xung dien ap tu cam trong qua trinh thu hoi tuong ddi dn dinh.
i n . T H I E T KE, T H I CONG THIET BI LlTU T R f NANG LlTONG TU" CAM Chpn thiet bi Iiru trir
Qua trinh khao sat va tim hieu ve cac thilt bi du trii nang lugng tren d td nhu: cac logi i c quy, pin nhien lieu, sieu tu ...., nhdm tac gia nhgn thay viec sir dung sieu tu se dap ling tdt nhat cho viec thiet ke, chg tao nhd dac tinh ngp va phdng nhanh, mat do nang lugng va mat dp cdng suat cao, dien ap dinh miic dn dinh, thdi gian sii dung dai.... Sieu tu Max- well BCAP0350 2.7V-350F da dugc chpn lam thiet bi luu tru nang lugng dk nghien ciiu.
Thi cdng thiit bi
De dap ling yeu ciu sir dung he thdng dien trong toan he thdng, mdt bd luu trii dien ap
Cdng suat cue dai cua thiet bi luu tru:
- = 201.6 CM') imax) ^^^^^ 60
1000
Trong dd: mass, la cac thdng sd ky thugt ciia sieu tu.
Viec tinh toan cho thay: tdng cdng suat cua cac tai dien hoat ddng Hen tiic khoang 345.5W va tong cdng suat cua cac tai dien hoat ddng gian dogn 135.4W. Vi vay, thiet hi luu trii nang lugng dugc dk xuat lam ngudn nang lugng hd trg cho ac quy de cap cho cac tai hoat ddng gian doan.
Danh gia di§n ap khi hoat d^ng Qua trinh do dgng sdng dien ap tren may do dang sdng cho thky dp dao dpng dien ap rat nhd, digu nay dam bao cho qua trinh nap vao thidt bi luu trii an toan va dn dinh.
Tgp Chi Khoa Hpc Gido Due Ky Thugt (32/2015) Tnrdng Dgi Hoc Su Phgm Ky Thugt TP. Hd Chi Mmh
IV. THIET KE, CHE T4.O HE THONG T H C NGHIEM VA DANH GIA HE THONG
Thiet ke hi thdng kiem sodt nang lirang
DAUVAO
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ DAURA
•I ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ "
Hinh 13. So do khdi he thdng kidm soat nang lugng
Md phong tren may tinh
He thdng cac tin hieu dau vao, vi mgch dilu khidn ECU PIC 16F877A, cac bd chip hanh dugc md phdng tren Protuse de kidm tra cac tinh nang hoat ddng trudc khi thi cdng.
Hinh 15. Thiet hi dieu khiSn tmng tam.
Thuat toan dieu khien dugc trinh bay tren hinh 16.
Hinh 14. So dd mgch he thdng Thi edng sdn pham
Cac linh kien dien hi, vi didu khidn dugc Hinh 16: Luu dd thuat toan vi diSu k h i k PIC tinh toan va lua chpn phu hgp cac yeu cSu vh 16F877A.
thu thap, xii Iy, di6u khign, hi6n thi va truygn dii lieu (hinh 15).
Tgp Chi Khoa Hpe Gido Due Ky Thugt (32/2015) Trudng Dgi Hpe SuPhgm Ky Thugt TR Hd ChiMinh
V. KET QUA THU" NGHIEM Cac thill bi ehd tao dugc lip dgt, thu nghiem tren he thdng dien ciia xe Toyota Camry 2001.
Qua trinh khao sat thdi gian can thiet de dien ap tren bd thu hdi tang tir 11,2V ddn 14,2V d nhieu tdc dp quay khac nhau eua ddng co.
qua nhu sau (bang 2):
Hinh 17: Bign thien dien ap tren bd luu trii d tdc dp dpng CO n= 800 vdng/ phiit.
Hinh 18: Bien thign dien ap trgn bd luu trQ d tdc dp ddng CO n= 2400 vdng/ phiit.
Ket qua thit nghiem cho thdy: khi ddng co hogt ddng tgi 800 vdng/ phiit, m4t khoang 04 phiit de dien ap tren bd luu trii tang tir 11.0 V den 12,5 V. Khi tdc dp dpng co cang gia tang, thdi gian de dgt gia hi dien ap dinh miic cang nhd.
Khd nang img dung cua thiit bi che tgo Thigt hi luu trir sau khi dugc nap diiy d miic 14.2V, dugc thir nghiem cSp dipn cho timg loai phu tai hoat ddng tir liic dky nang lugng dgn cho dgn khi cgn nang lugng, kdt
STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Tdi difn gidn dogn May khai dpng Nang ha kinh Xong kinh Moi thudc Gat mua Khoa ciia Coi D ^ suang mii Den bao re Den phanh Phun nuoc Radio Den liii Den trSn Den soi bien so
Cong sudt difn
(W)
1200 150 120 100 60 60 60 45 44 42 40 35 20 20 15
Thdi gian sir dung (phut)
0.1 1.2 1.4 2.1 3.4 3.8 4.5 4.8 5.3 9.9 6.3 6.6 7.3 8.2 8.9 Bang 2: Kgt qua thdi gian thii nghiem trgn tai
dien gian doan ciia thigt bj liru trii.
Thdi gian sii dung sg dai hon khi bd luu trii nay dugc lap song song vdi accu tren xe, luc nay thigt bi se dugc thu va tich trii lien tuc trong liic he thdng dien hoat dpng, dieu nay giiip tidt kiem khoang 1.2% tigu hao nhieu lieu.
VI. K E T L U ^
Vigc chg tao thanh cdng thigt bi thu hdi nang lugng dien dgng cam khang trgn d td giiip tan dung dugc di?n nang cam khang tu phat sinh trong qua hinh cac cudn day hoat ddng, giiip tigt kiem nhien lieu trgn xe. Dg tai dat dugc mot sd kSt qua nhit dinh mang Igi nhidu y nghia vg mat khoa hpc cung nhu thuc tien.
Tgp Chi Khoa Hpe Gido Dgc Ky Thugt (32/2015) Trudng Dgi Hge SuPhgm Ky Thugt TP. Hd ChiMinh
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Tigng Vi?t
[1] PGS.TS. Dd v a n Diong, Dien ddng co va dieu khign ddng co, NXB Dgi hpc Qudc gia Tp.Hd Chi Mmh, 2013.
[2] TS. Hd Van Sung, Ca sa ly thuyit mgch di^n vd diin tir, NXB Khoa hpc va ky thuat, 2012.
[3] TS. Nguyen Ba Hai, Lap trinh Lab VIEW, NXB Dai hpc Qudc gia Tp.Hd Chi Minh, 2010.
Tieng Anh
[4] Micah Ortuzar, Juan Dixon, Jorge Moreno, Design, Construction and Performance of a Buck-Boost Converter for an Ultracapacitor-Based Auxiliary Energy System for Electric Vehicles. Pontifieia University - Chile, 2011.
[5] Martin Julander Battery-Supercapacitor Energy Storage, Chalmers University of Tech- nology, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2008.
Website:
[6] http://labview.hocdelam.org [7] www.picvietnam.com [8] http://batteryuniversity.com
