NGHIEN Ctfu & TRAO D O I
ThS. NGUYEN PHAM THIEN THANH ThS. TRAN THI THANH PHUONG LE VAN LAM NGUYEN NGOC HAN
& CAO NGOC THUY
Ndm 2008 dUqc xem nhU Id mot ndm toi te nhdt ciia nen kinh te the gidi trong nhieu thdp nien qua. Khdi nguon td mot sU suy gidm nhe ciia nen kinh te My roi nhanh chong trd thdnh mot cuoc khiing hodng tdi chinh - tin dung lan rqng tren todn the gidi, keo theo dd Id sU sup dd dong loat cua nhieu dinh che tdi chinh khdng lo vd nhieu thi trUdng chdng khodn tudt ddc. Ndm 2008 cdng Id ndm chdng kien nhieu sU no lUc ciia cdc nen kinh te di; chdng choi vdi kho khdn.
Khong ndm ngodi xu hU&ng kinh te todn cdu, nen kinh te VN trong ndm 2008 cdng gap nhieu khd khdn td sU tdc dqng ciia cuoc khiing hodng tdi chinh todn cdu. Du bdo trong ndm 2009, nen kinh te VN se phdi tiep tuc trdi qua nhieu bien dqng kho lUdng. Chinh phii dd phdi chuyen ddi muc tieu td Uu tien kiem. che lqm phdt sang Uu tien ngdn chdn sU suy gidm kinh te, trong dd goi kich cdu Id gidi phdp chii yeu. Bdi viet ndy se de cap den viec trien khai gdi kich cdu cua Chinh phli tren thUc te, dong thdi dUa ra cdc gidi phdp de phdt huy dUqc hieu qud ciia nd.
1 . Ctf sd iy thuyet cho viec trien Ichai goi liich cau cua Chfnh phu
Muc tieu cudi ciing ma Chinh phu VN hUdng den khi dilu hanh chinh sdch kinh te la Iam sao n i n kinh te tang trudng vdi ty le vifa phai md d dd ty le t h a t nghiep bdng vdi ty le t h a t nghiep tif nhien. Mudn vay thi phai lam sao d l lugng cau eua s i n p h i m b i n g vdi lugng cung ciia tdng s i n p h i m trong dai ban, life la dUdng tdng ciu (AD) va dudng tdng cung (AS) cdt nhau tai dilm E.
Mifc gia c i
P- ....AD1
•AD2
Y1 Y- l o n g san pham Y
Tuy nhien, dudng tdng cung va dudng tdng ciu ludn bien chuyen nhu sau:
Su bien chuyin ciia dudng tdng cung phu thudc vao thien tai va chi phi s i n xudt
Su bien chuyen ciia dudng tdng cau phu thudc vao lugng cung t i l n te (quan diem nhifng ngudi theo thuyet l i l n te) va cic nhan to' (quan diem ciia trudng phai Keynes) nhu C: chi tieu tieu diing ciia hd gia dinh, I: chi lieu dau tu ciia doanh nghiep, G: chi lieu ciia chinh phu, NX: xuat khau rdng = X - N.
Vdy SLf thay ddi trong cac nhan td tren deu lam dudng tdng ciu va tdng cung dich chuyen.
Bang 1: Tinh hinh kinh te VN tif 2006 den nay
Nam Tdc do tang
trudng (%) Ty le lam phat (%)
2006 8,3%
7,6%
2007 8,5%
12,7%
2008 6,23%
23,10%
Nguon: www,vneconomy,com,vn
Hai thdng dau ndm 2009, nhieu doanii nghiep tai \T^J cdt gidm san xuat nen p h i i c i t gidm lao ddng, bilu hien la chi so gid tieu diing (CPI) t h a n g l / 2 0 0 9 tang 0.32''c so vdi t h a n g 12/2008, thang 2/2009 tdng l , 3 r r so vdi thdng 1/2009 va ty le t h a t nghiep gia tdng,
Dieu ndy cho thay nen kinh te VN dang di vao giai doan suy thodi, cd nghia la dudng tdng cung san pham la ASl, d i l m can bdng mdi la E l tai mdc s i n p h i m YI, YI < Y'^ nen vdi mufc nay thi thi trudng lao ddng e dm vd gia c i hang hda dich vu tdng cao
Theo mo hinh tren, d l dua nen kinh te thoat khdi su suy thoai vd giam ty le that nghiep, chinh phli VN phai lim cdch tdc ddng vao cdc dUdng long cung, long ciu sao cho tai cac dilm can b i n g cung - ciu. tdng s i n p h i m se b i n g vdi tdng s i n pham Y"' la mifc ma thi Irudng lao ddng dugc loan dung. Cd nhung giai phap nhu sau:
+ Tac ddng len dudng tdng ciu thanh dUdng ADl, d i l m can bdng mdi ciia ADl va ASl la E2 hay cdn ggi la kich ciu.
-t- Tac ddng len tdng cung lam sao d l dich chuyen ASl ngugc lai t h a n h AS, d i l m can b i n g trd vl E hay cdn ggi la kich cung.
-I- Tac ddng len ci long eung vd tdng ciu t h a n h AS2 vd AD2, diem can bdng mdi la E3.
Rieng dd'i vdi gidi phdp kich ciu cu the;
Tdng ciu hang hda va dich vu eiia mgt qud'e gia phu thudc vao ba nhdm yeu td, nen kinh te the gidi. chinh sdch kinh le vi md (tiln te, tai khda
ti gii hdi doai) va ky vgng ciia edng chiing ciia mot qudc gia. Klii kiub te the gidi lam suy g i i m tdng ciu thi Chinh phii ed the tae ddng den hai nhdm yeu td cdn lai de tdng tdng eau trd lai. Cu t h i la;
- N g i n h a n g Nha iiUdc VN se thifc thi chinh sdch md rdng t i l n te, ehii ye'u bdng each suf dung cdc edng cu:
-1- G i i m ty le du truf b i t budc, g i i m iai suat ca b i n , hd trg lai suat, mua vao tin phieu kho bac va trdi phieu ehinh phii, nhdm kieh d i u tu(I) va kich tieu dimg (C),
-I- Tang ty gia VND/USD n h a m kieh thich xuat k h i u X va b a n che n h a p khau M.
- Chinh phli thue thi chinh sach tai khda md rdng ehii yeu b i n g each:
-I- Giam thue thu nhap nhdm gia tang thu nhap kha dung eua ed n h a n va doanh nghiep, tif dd cd the gia tang chi tieu ciia ea n h a n C va d i u tu eiia doanh nghiep I.
-F Ddy n h a n h tien do giai ngan cac ngudn vdn b i n g cdch d i y n h a n h tien do thUe hien eac cdng trinh, cic dU dn trgng d i l m qud'c gia...nhdm tac ddng manh len thdnh p h i n chi tieu cua ehinh phii G.
- Tae ddng len ky vgng eiia cdng chung: Khi cdng chiing ky vgng vao mdt n i n kinh te the gidi khd khdn va nhU vay VN cung khdng tranh khdi, hg se cd g i n g cdt giim tieu dimg va tang tiet kiem d l d i m bio cudc sdng dn dinh trong tUdng lai, ky vgng nay se lam cho tdng ciu giam. Vi vay, Chinh phli can thuc hien mdt sd giii phdp d l thay ddi ky vgng cua edng chung, cu the k i l m soat thdng lin dai chung, nen cd g i n g thdng tin nhufng yeu td the hien sif lae quan eiia n i n kinh te VN trong tudiig lai..
Tat cd nhdng chinh s i c h tren n h i m no life gia ldng edc t h a n h p h i n ciia tdng ciu AD de tif dd kieh ciu ldng the nen kinh te VN.
2. Viec trien Ithai goi itich cau cua Chi'nh phu Gdi kich cau m i Chinh phii ban h a n h vifa qua dugc hi vgng n h u la mdt cu hich tie'p sdc cho doanh nghiep, dac biet vdi cac doanh nghiep vifa va nhd. Lg trinh ndi long tin dung, giim lai suat de kich cau dau tu va tieu diing, siet chat nhap k h i u , g i i m mufc thap nha't vl nhap sieu, giim diu tu khu vifc edng, giam thue, kieh eau thi trUdng ndng thdn ca d i u tu l i n tieu diing dang dUdc trien khai rdo riet. De cd dugc cai nhin toan dien, bai viet se so sanh vdi gdi kich cau ciia My - nen kinh
Phat trien kinh te - Thang MUdi nam 2009
NGHIEN Ctfu & TRAO D O I
te ldn nhat the gidi va la diem xuit phdt ciia cudc khiing hoing tai chinh toan cau.
Ngay 14/2 My da thdng qua gdi kich ciu tri gid 787 ty USD bao gdm cdc khoan gidm thue vd chi lieu mdi d l cdu vdn nen kinh le daug roi vao tinh traug suy thodi. Tuy nhien gdi kich cdu tai My chii yeu nhdm lhuc hien cdc muc lieu ve an sinh xa hdi. cu t b l la chinh phu My dung gdi kich ciu nay de thuc hien cdc chUdiig trinb nhU ldng trg c i p that nghiep cho nhdng ngud'i bi sa t h i i do suy thodi, cdu trg cho cdc ngudi bi khd khan do thien lai. phdn phat luong thuc cho ngUdi ngheo, cap bao hilm y te cho ngudi gid, khdng ldng t h u l thu nhap ddi vdi cdc gia dinh trung luu..., chi cd 100 ly USD diing cho viec xay difng mdi. Ngodi ra, Hiep hdi cac nba ban Ife loan qudc cdn keu ggi Chinh phli tang them chien dich "10 ngay mien thue"
lrong cdc thdng 3, thang 7 va thdng 10 ndm nay nhdm kich thich lieu dimg. Chiln dich "10 ngdy giam thue" Id phuong an kicb ciu ma cbinh phii da phe chuin. Trong thdi gian giim thue, h i u bet cac mat hang (trif thude l i vd rugu) ma ngudi lieu diing mua se duge mien cae loai thue di kem. Tuy nhien, nbifng ngay mien thue se dugc dp dung vao nhdng thdi dilm khac nhau tren k h i p eic bang ciia My. Sau khimg hodng kinh te, do n i n kinh te am dam, tinh hinh tai ehinh d nhieu bang vd eiing khd khdn, nbilu bang da p h i i xda bd "ngdy mien thul".
Khdc vdi gdi kich cau cua My, ben canh chinh sach tien te, con "dt chii bdi" quan trgng nhdt lrong gdi gidi phdp kich eau eiia Chinh phu VN Id cac chinh sach tdi khda. Cu t b l :
- Vl thue: Chinh phii quyet dinh gidm vd hodn 90'^( thue VAT cho doanh nghiep, ben canh dd Chinh phli cdn giam 30'/( thue thu nhap doanh nghiep trong quy IV/2008 vd cd nam 2009, ddc biel nhdng doanh nghiep vifa va nhd duge Uu lien gian thue trong thdi gian 9 thdng. Ngodi ra viec gidn nop thue thu nhap cd nhdn cho den thdng 5/2009 eho tdt cd ddi tugng thi ngdn sdch mdi lhang se that thu khodng 1.000 ty ddng, i n h hifdng khdng nhd de'n ngudn thu ngan sdch nhung dieu ndy se kich thich tieu dimg, hd trg ngudi dan cd them chi tieu d l vugt qua tinh hinh khd khdn hien nay.
- Ve hd trg: Chinh phii dung 1 ly USD (tuong duong 17.000 ty ddng) tif dU trd ngoai hdi qud'c gia dl hd trg gidm 4'^'( lai s u i t vd'n vay lifu ddng ngdn ban cho doanh nghiep lrong ndin 2009. Thdng ke
eho thd'y de'n ngay 13/3 dd hd trg ldi suat cho doanh nghiep dugc 144.300 ty ddng vd den cudi thdng 3 du kiln cd t h i len tdi con sd 160.000 ty ddng.
3. Dl/ bao tac dong cua goi kich cau de'n nen Itinh te
Tren ed sd xem xet viec t r i l n khai gdi kich cau cua Chinb phu, cdc tdc gii xin dUa ra mdt sd du bao nhu sau:
ThU nhdf. hoat dgng s i n xuat cua doanh nghiep se d i n phue hdi do ngudn tdi trg vdn dugc ddm bao vd chi phi sdn xuat giim. Ben canh dd, t h u l giim se ddn den gid s i n pliain gidm, dilu ndy se kich thich manh de'n viec d i u tu md rdng s i n xudt kiub doanh ciia doanh nghiep.
TliU liai, tinh trang t h i t nghiep se dugc giii quyet do hoat ddng ciia eac doanh ughiep dugc phue hdi, nbdt Id doanh nghiep vifa va nhd. Day Id loai hinh doanh nghiep cd khd ndng giCf va tao them lao ddng. C i n t h i y rdng muc tieu ciia chinh phli la hudng den tdng the va hieu qui ddng vdn trong tao lao ddng bdi ne'u xet ve sd lUdng lao ddng thi cdc tap dodn ldn cd t b l suf dung sd lugng lao ddng nhieu ho'n.
ThU ba, viec giim thue thu nhap cd nhan vd viec phat trien s i n xuat kiub doanh, giim gia thanh s i n pham se kich thich tieu diing trong dan chiing.
ThU tu, gdi kieh cau cd y nghia dac biet vdi cic doanh nghiep tham gia hoat dgng xua't khau.
Thdng qua chinh sdch hd trg lai s u i t , doanh nghiep cd dugc chi phi d i u yao hgp ly hon, tdng klid ndng eanh tranh ciia doanh nghiep cung nhu hang hod ciia nUdc ta tren thi trudng the gidi va tiep tuc duy lri mdt cin can thuong mai kha quan.
Tuy nhien, tdc dung eiia gdi kich cau se cd do l r i nbdt dinh do nhifng khd khdn gap pbai trong cdng ldc lrien khai. Neu diing theo nbdng du bao lac quan la den quy III, nen kinh te the gidi se phuc hdi thi gdi kich eau se cd tdc dung cimg thdi dilm. Vi nhdng du bdo vl kinh te ndm nay vd ndm sau ludn b i t dinh nen gdi kich ciu phii dugc dilu chinh tiiy theo tinh hinh. Do dd, khdng cd mdt kich ban tuyet ddi chinh xae ve tac dung ciia nd tren thifc te.
Vdi nhifng nd luc hd trg tdng IrUdng ciia Chinh phu, du bao kinh te VN se tang trudng d mufc 4,2',i lrong nam nay va tdi ndm 2010, tde do tdng trudng eiia VN se khdi sdc len mifc 5,5''(.
4. Nhtfng kho khan trong viec trien khai goi kich cau
Co t h i thay nhifng chinh sdch cua Chinh phii la dung hudng, vifa gdp p h i n giam chi phi vdn vay cho doanh nghiep vifa giiip eii thien cin can ngoai thuong.
Tuy nhien tren thuc te chinh sich nay cd kich duge tieu diing nhu ky vgng hay khdng van cdn la eau hdi ldn vi phan ufng cua iigUdi lieu diing cd t b l rat khde so vdi tinh todn ciia edc n h i lam chinh sdch. Vi vay lam sao de nhufng bien phdp cua Chinh phli phdt huy hieu qui mdt cich cao n h a t van la dilu ban khodii cua cic doanh nghiep.
Nhufng thach thdc dat ra trong viee t r i l n khai gdi kich ciu nhu sau:
Thu nhdt, nhu'ng chinh sdch mdi dugc ban hanh cd t h i r i t phii hgp vdi nam 2008, khi ma doanh nghiep ddc biet thieu vdn cho sdn xuat, kinh doanh, ldi xuat vay vdn ldng cao va lgi nhudn bi giam sut. NhUng de'n ndm 2009 nay, lam phdt da giam td'c, day ldi suat cho vay tren thi IrUdng xud'ng chi cdn bdng mdt nufa so vdi giai doan cao diem nam 2008 va edc ngan hang cung b i t d i u ndi long cho vay, k l c i nhiJfng Iinh vUc t i i m ill nhieu riii ro nhu bat ddng s i n , vdn bi
"khep cda" cho vay trong p h i n ldn thdi gian ciia ndm 2008.
ThU hai, cdc chinh sdch tai chinh, tien te ehu yeu chi cd lgi cho eae doanh nghiep cd ke't qua kinh doanh td't va dang duy tri duge s i n xuit chd khdng "rdt xudng" cie doanh nghiep dang thue su rat khd khan, ma theo mdt sd ddnh gia bi quan thi sd DN nay cd t h i chiem den 207( trong tdng sd tren 300.000 doanh nghiep VN.
Cu the, cae ehinh sach b i o lanh vay vd'n ehi dugc i p dung vdi doanh nghiep khdng co ng qua b a n , khdng ng dgng thue. Viec giam, gian nop thue thu nhap doanh nghiep cung chi ap dung duge dd'i vdi trUdng hop doanh nghiep kinh doanh cd lai. Chinh sach giam, hoan thue gii tri gia tdng ehi cd tac dung dd'i vdi cac doanh nghiep v i n dang duy tri hoat ddng kinh doanh.
Thu ba. van d l tieu thu s i n pham ngay eang khd khan vd lhi trUdng h a n g hda, dich vu dang d i n co hep la khd khan ldn nha't hien nay ddi vdi cae doanh nghiep, nhung chua thay ed giai phap ndo td ra thdu dao.
ThU tu, cdng tde kiem tra viee trien khai gdi kieh ciu nhu the n i o se rat ton kem vi pham vi
t i c ddng ciia gdi kich cau r a t rdng va ed sufc lan toi tren nhieu t h a n h p h i n kinh te, ddng thdi ddi tugng l i c ddng eua gdi kich ciu lai da dang nen gay khd khdn trong viec k i l m soat gdi kieh eau cd dugc sd dung hieu qua va dung muc dich hay khdng.
5. Giai phap nang cao hieu qua goi kich cau cua Chinh phu
Trong tinh hinh nen kinh te ed nhieu bien ddng phdc tap, khd ludng, viee trien khai gdi kich ciu se gap khdng It khd khdn va tham chi ed the gay "tac dung nguge" ne'u Chinh phii khdng sii dung dung ngUdi, dung chd, dung thdi diem. Bai viet de xuit mdt so giii phdp nhdm nang eao hieu qui eua gdi kich cau nhu sau;
Thu nhdt, mgt gdi kich cau cd hieu q u i la goi kich eiu kip thdi, dung ddi tugng va ngan ban:
- Kip thdi d day khdng ehi la viec Chinh phii p h i i h a n h ddng n h a n h chdng m i nhifng bien phdp dua ra cdn phai cd hieu u'ng ngay, tdc l i lam tang chi tieu eiia n i n kinh te. Cae chinh saeh mat qud nhieu thdi gian de thife hien se khdng cd tic dung va gdi kich cau lue dd lai cd the gay t i e dung xau. C i c chudiig trinh d i u tu, du an dau tu cd tdc do giii ngan cham khdng p h i i la nhifng cdng cu kich eiu td't bdi khi tdng eau sut g i i m , cac bien phap nay lai khdng cd tde ddng gi trong khi le ra phai tang tdng eau len n h i l u nhat.
- Kich eiu cd t h a n h edng hay khdng phu thuoc rdt nhieu vao xu hUdng ehi lieu va dau tU cua cac ddi tugng ma gdi kieh eau nhdm den. Nhufng bien phap kich eiu dung dd'i tUdng l i nhufng bien phap n h i m tdi eic dd'i tugng se ehi tieu h i u nhu toan bd lugng kieh cau d i n h cho hg. De kieh eau diing va dat dugc mue tieu, Chinh phu c i n lifa chgn hd trg mdt so nganh theo ba nhdm nhu sau:
Nhdm thd nha't la mdt sd DN tU n h a n h i n g dau tao s i n p h i m x u i t khau va tieu diing trong cdc linh vifc nhu linh vifc nudi trdng va xuat khau ciia n g a n h thiiy s i n (ca tra, ea ba sa, tdm...), nganh ndng nghiep quan trgng (tieu, ca-phe, gao, cao-su...), nganh che bien hang hda tieu dimg va edng nghiep ehe bie'n nguyen lieu phuc vu s i n xuat.
Nhdm thd hai la nhifng ngdnh anh hudng den an ninh qud'c gia va chien lugc phat t r i l n kinh te nhu d i u klii, sdt thep, dien life... Chiing ta cd the hd trd d l cdc DN khai thae md mdi, xay dUng cic nha may dien mdi de bao dam an ninh ndng lugng
Phat trien kinh te - Thang MUdi nam 2009
NGHIEN Ctfu & TRAO D O I
trong tuong lai, mua mdy mde thiet bi d l ddi mdi cdng nghe tien lien...
Nhdm thuf 3 la cac nganh cd hieu ufng lan tda nhilu n h i t nbU: ngdnh clie bie'n luong lhuc. thuc pham; ngdnh cdng nghiep che bien hdng hda lieu diing va cdng nghiep che bie'n nguyen vdl lieu phuc vu s i n xud't. Tap trung dau tu cho cdc ngdnh nghe ndy cd ngbia la kicb thicli nen kinb te phdt trien manh nhdt vd gidi quylt dugc nhieu lao ddng nhat.
- Kich eiu c i n duge trien khai trong n g i n ban.
Theo nguyen tdc nay, gdi kich ciu se chain duft khi nin kinh te' dd dugc cii thien. Thdng thudng, sau khi vugt qua suy thodi, nen lhuc hien cdc bien phdp de giim tham hut ngan saeh. Nguyen t i c ngdn ban cd hai y nghia: (1) Gdi kich ciu thUe bicn trong ngdn ban se ldm tdng bieu qui gdi kich ciu; (2) chi kich cau trong n g i n ban de khdng lam anh hudiig tdi ngan sdch trong dai ban.
Ly do la khi cdc bien phdp Ihuc hien lrong ngin ban se khuyeii khich cdc doanii nghiep d i y nbanb tdc do dau tu de tan dung Uu ddi. Nhdng bien p h i p . d i i ban nhu giam thue qud lau se khdng phdi la mdt bien phdp kich cau tdt, bdi vi cdc doanh nghiep se c i m thay khdng c i n t h i l l phii diy nhanh tdc do diu tU trong giai doan nen kinb te cin dugc kich lliich nhat.
Thu hai, viec trien khai gdi kicb ciu phai quyet dinh r i t nhanh, khdng the c h i n chif, vi chdng suy thoai phdi lam ngay, neu de cdng chdm cang kem tdc dung. Mud'n vay thi Chinh phii cdn phdi tap trung vao cdi cdch hanh chinh, vdn la khau rat quan trgng trong chuong irinh thuc hien gdi kieh ciu nay. Cii cdch hdnh chinh se thiie d i y nhanh hon viec trien khai. Neu cii each hdnh cbinh song song vdi kicb ciu, klioan t i l l kiem thu dugc lif viec cit bd nhUng thii tuc rudm rd se khdng nhd. Nbu vay, cd t b l thdy, viec cdi each hanh chinh nlu lam triet de se mang lai hieu qud true tiep hdn.
Thu ha, vi gdi kich ciu e i n dugc trieii khai nhanh nen viee xiy ra sai sdt la dilu khd t r a u b khdi. D l trien khai gdi kich ciu dat hieu q u i , diing muc tieu, ddi tugng de ra thi viee giim sdt chi lieu gdi kich thich kinb te Id dilu ein thie't vd phii trien kbai ddng thdi. Can thuc hien triet d l cong tac chdng tham nhung trong qua trinh trien khai gdi kich ciu. Ddng thdi, Nha nUdc phdi quan trim dimg mdc d i n cdc chinh sdch xd hdi, ddc biet la hd trg d l giam bdt khd khdn cho cdc ddi tugng de bi tdn thuong lrong bdi cdnh kinh le suy gidm.
Cu t h i Id nhanh chdng cd nhUiig chinh sdch ban ehe tinh trang that nghiep, hd trg iigUdi lao ddng mat viec, trg cap cho nhifng hd ngheo d ci thanh lhi va ndng thdn.
ThU tu. vi diu tu cdng ciia Nhd nUdc da ra'l cao nen Uu tien hien nay khdng p h i i la tiep tuc diy manh dau tU cdng ma la dieu ehinh cd cau vd ldng cudng hieu qua cho diu tU cdng. Do dd Nhd nUdc cin cd chinb sdch cd cdu lai va kilm sodt ehdt che hieu qui ciia cdc khoan dau tUcdng de tranh ldng phi. Cdn c i t giam h a n h chinh cdng vi theo linh loan neu giim dugc cac chinh sdch rUdni rd se tiet kiem dugc cho khdi doanh nghiep 12.000 ly ddng/nam.
ThU nam, d i y manh chi tieu nhUng v i n phai thue hanh tiet kiem. Dieu nay nghe thi cd ve rat vd ly tuy nhien dd lai la dieu ma ehiing ta can lam tdt neu mudn n i n kinh te iiUd'c ta v i n dn dinh trong giai doan hien tai. Kich thich lieu diing khdng cd nghia Id diu tU Iran lan, mua sdm nhieu thd hdng xa xi bdi, vi trong dilu kien khiing hoing kinh te thi viec tilt kiem nhii'ng ehi lieu khdng cin thiet la indt dilu ta't ye'u vd cin dugc kliuyin khich.
Tdm lai, vl phia Chinb phii cdn thUe hien gdi kich cdu that linh ddng vd hgp ly. Rieng ddi vdi cae doanh nghiep, trong bdi cdnh hien tai, trUdc lien p h i i "tu cdu Iiy minh". Thuc te cho thay khdng t h i cd mgt giii phdp chung eho todn the cac doanh nghiep, bdi tinh hinh khd klidn ciia mdi doanh nghiep la khdng gid'ng uhau. Chinh doanh nghiep cin pbai tu no luc vugt qua chuf khdng the dua hoan loan vdo nha nude, bdi Nha nUdc ehi Id ngudi hd hdi, tiep sifc. Mdt ke hoach kinh doanh hieu qua se cufu doanh nghiep trong thdi ky khd khdn ndyB
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Frederic S. Mishkin, The Economics ot Money. Bank- ing And Financial Markets.
2. "Kich cau phai kem cai each", bao Tuoi tre sd ra ngdy 25/12/2008
3. Vi/ww,vneconomy,vn 4. w/ww.cepr.org.vn 5. www,dddn,com.vn
