NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO D 6 |
NGHIEN CtJtJ XAC LAP MOI QUAN HE G I C A DO NHAM BE MAT V<3l CAC THONG SO CONG NGHE KHI GIA CONG M O T SO LOAI VAT LIEU
CO TINH DEO TREN MAY TIEN CNC
RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS WHEN CUTTING SOME FLEXIBILITY MATERIALS
PROCESSING ON THE CNC TURNING LATHES ThS. Nguyen Chi Cdng
Cong ty TNHH MTV Hda chat 21, Tong cue Cong nghiep Quoc phong - Bp Qude phdng.
T 6 M TAT
Bdi bdo trinh bdy ket qud nghien cdu thUc nghiem quan hegiUa do nhdm be mat vdi cdc thong so cgng nghe khi cat ggt cdc hdp kim dong la tong 7162, JIC59-1, nhom J116T, AlMg2, thep khong gi SUS201, SUS304 tren mdy tien CNC PLG42. DUa tren cd sd ly thuyet ket hdp vdi thUc nghiem 6 mac hdp kim tren, td cdc so lieu thUc te do dgc tren mdy do do nhdm POCKETSURF cua My, bang phUdngphdp quy hpgch thUc nghiem dUa ra dUdc hdm todn hgc mo td moi quan he giUa do nhdm be mat vdi cdc thong so che do cdt tren mdy tien CNC PLG42. Ve mat khoa hgc ket qud nghien cdu co the ditng ldm cd sd cho cdc qud trinh nghien cdu cdc khia cgnh khac cua qud trinh cdt ggt, hd trd thiet ke, lap irlnh cdc phdn mem dipu khien che do cat. Vemgt thUc tien ket qud nghien cdu ditng ldm tdi lieu tham khdo cho cdc nhd cong nghe, trong qud trinh khai thdc vd sd dung mdy tien CNC co the dieu chinh che do cdt cita minh de dgt dg nhdm be mat chi tiet theo yeu cdu. Ket qud thUc nghiem dd dUdcdp dung hieu qud trong sdn xuat tgi ddng ty TNHH MTV Hod chdt 21 -Tong cue Cong nghiep Quoc phong-Bg Qud'c phong, chat lUdng be mat sdn phdm dUdc ddm bdo, ndng xudt tang len ro ret.
Tfl khoa: CNC (Computer Numerical Control), Roughness, Cutting regime.
This paper presents the results of experimental studies of the relationship between surface roughness and technological parameters when cutting copper alloys 7162, JIC59-1, aluminum M16T, AlMg2, stainless steelSUS201, SUS304on lathe CNC PLG42. Basedon theory and experiment of 6 marks of above alloy from the actual measured data on roughometer POCKETSURF of America, experimental planning method given mathematical function describing each relationship between surface roughness and cutting parameters on CNC lathes PLG42. Scientiftc research results can be used as a basis for the study other aspects of the cutting process, design support, software programming control cutting. In terms of practical research results used as the reference for the technology, in the mining process and used CNC lathes can adjust your cut to achieve surface roughness details on request requirements. The experimental results have been applied in production efficiency in Chemical Company Limited 21-General Department of Defence Industry Ministry of Defense, surface quality guaranteed products, textile production increased clearly
Keywords: CNC (Computer Numerical Control). Roughness, Cutting regime. ^
TAP CHf C O KHf VIET NAM < • S6 1 +2 (Thing I +2 nam 201 .^ | ^ 9
NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO D O I
1. GIOI THIEU
Ra ddi vao khoing nhflng nam 70 eua the ky XX, cong nghe gia cong ca khi tren may cong cu dieu khii'n theo chuong trinh so NC, CNC den nay, da thu dupe nhflng thanh tflu vd eung to Idn.
Sfl dung m i y cong cu, trung t i m dieu khii'n bang chflong trinh sd va ky thual vi xfl ly NC, CNC trong san xuat hing loat vfla va hing loat nhd da tao diiu kiin linh boat hda v i tfl dpng hda day ehuyin gia eong, nang eao chat Iflpng v i nang suit gia cdng, ddng thdi lam thay doi phflong p h i p va npi dung ehui'n bi edng nghe eho san xuat.
Ve kit eau m i y CNC co b i n la gidng vdi m i y van nang. Tuy nhien cung eo nhflng diem khie biit nhfl: H i truyin dpng ca khi dflpc che tao cd dp cflng vflng cao, giam ehan dpng, dflpc trang bi cac he thdng thay dao, cap phdi, tai phoi tfl dpng. He thong dieu khien giam sit qua trinh gia cdng, dung eu lap tren m i y CNC cd dp chinh xac cao va thfldng dflpc tiiu chuan hda ...
Miy CNC cd nhflng flu diem so vdi cac m i y thfldng nhfl: Gia cong dflOc eic chi tiet phflc tap hon; Quy hoaeh thdi han san xuat tot hPn;
Tap trung nguyin edng cao va giam thdi gian phii;
Tinh linh boat cao hpn; Dp ehinh xie gia cong on dinh, ddng deu; Chi phi kii'm tra giam; Chi phi do phe pham giim; Hoat dpng lien tue nhieu ca san xuat; Mpt eong nhan eo the van hanh nhieu m i y ddng thdi; cd kha n i n g tich hpp trong he thong gia edng linh boat..,.
Ddi vdi nganh Co khi Viet Nam, trong nhflng nam gan day dang ed xu hfldng dau tfl cac loai miy gia eong dieu khien theo chflpng trinh so hien dai NC, CNC hfldng di dung d i n nay thfle sfl da dem lai ket qui tdt. Tuy nhiin, viic Idiai thac, su dung eac may CNC v i o thflc tien sin xuat con ed nhieu han ehe, thflc te eho thay la chat Iflpng san pham d i dflpc eii thiin nhflng gii t h i n h chfla giam, tham chl eon eao hpn so vdi gia cdng tren may van ning. Cd rat nhieu nguyin nhan nhflng chu yeu Ii chfla d i m b i o cac thong so cong n g h i gia cong phu hop.
Vi viy, viic nghien cflu d i i u chinh cac thong sd cong n g h i t r i n may CNC (dau vio) de d i m bao chat Iflpng be mat chi tiet gia cong (dau ra) l i mpt van de ldn ma eic n h i eong nghe can giai quyet.
C i c cong trinh nghiin cflu d i ehflng to rang kha n i n g Iam viic cua ehi tiet may chiu anh hfldng Idn bdi cae thong so ve chat lflpng be mat Iam viic, co the ke ra cie yeu to bi anh hfldng bdi chat Iflpng h i mat nhfl: He so ma sit, tinh ehdng mon, dp eflng vflng tiep xue, tinh dan diin, dan nhiet, dp ben moi, dp ben va dap, tinh chong an mon.... Vi viy, mudn dat dflpc kha nang lam viee ed hieu q u i nhat, thi phai d i m bao dflpc cac y i u cau ve chat Iflpng be mat, de giai quyet dflpc van de do ta p h i i tim dupe moi quan he gifla cac thong so eua ehat Iflpng be mat nhU Ra, Rz ... vdi eic thong so eong n g h i nhU: ehe dp eat, thong so hinh hoc eua dung eu eat.v.v...
2. GIAI QUYET VAN DE
Mue tieu eua de tai la nghiin cflu anh hfldng v i xie lap dupe moi quan he gifla cac yiu to cong nghe den chat Iflpng be mat khi gia cong ba n h d m vat lieu hpp kim nhom, hpp kim dong va thep khong gi tren may tiin CNC.
2.1 Vat lieu, m i y va d u n g cu thi nghiem:
a. Vgt lieu dung cho thUc nghiem gom 6 mac hdp kim JI62, JIC59-1, ffl6T, AlMg2, SUS201, SUS304.
- Hpp kim nhom:
Bdng 1: Thdnh phdn hoa hgc chinh cua hdp kim nhdm Ky
hieu fll6
AlMg2
Thanh phan hoa hoc chinh, % Si
<0,5
<0,4 Fe
<0.5
<0,4 Cu 3,8 -4,9
<0,4 Mn 0,3 -0,9 0,2 -0,6
Mg 1.2 -1,8 1.2 -i.8
Al C6n
¥
Cin (theo tieu chudn Nga FOCT 4784-97).
TAP C H i C O KHl VIET NAM S6 1+2 (Thing 1+2 nam 2013)
NGHIEN cflu - TRAO OOl
Bang 2: Cd tinh cua hdp kim nhom
Ky hieu
fll6 AlMg2
Ctf tinh Giori h a n ben,
SbJtG/ram^
<42
<19
Do dan dai ' 6 , %
<10
<25
Do o i n g , HB
• <105
<45
Vdi CP tinh tong hpp tot fll6 dflpc flng dung phd bien nhat nhfl che tao cac chi tiit may cd dp b i n cao can giim nhe khdi Iflpng. Trong edng nghe q u i n sfl che tao cie ehi tiet vu khi nhfl duoi dan, vo heu ... trong eong nghe h i n g khong che tao cac chi tiet m i y bay.
AlMg2 cd cP tmh tong hpp tot, dp b i n dam bao, dp deo cao, tinh on djnh chong i n mon, dung ehe tao eac chi tiet miy ehiu tii nhd, can giam khoi lflpng.
- Hpp kim dong:
Bdng 3: Thdnh phdn hoa hgc chinh cua hdp kim dong Ky
hi^u
;i62
nC59-1
Thanh phan h6a hoc chinh, %
Co 60.5 -63,5 57 -60
Pb
<
0,08 0,8 -1,9
Fe
0,15
<
0.5 Sb
0,005 Bi
0,002
0,003 Zn Con
Iai Con
lai (Theo tiiu chudn Nga TOCT 15527-2004)
Bdng 4- Cd tinh cua hdp kim dong Ky
hi^u
nei
;iC59-l
Ctf tinh Gidi han ben.
<36
< 4 9
Dp dan dai 6, %
<38
<25
Do Cling, HV t o o - 175 100- 195
- Thep khong gi:
Bdng 5: Thdnh phdn hoa hgc chinh cua thep khong gi Ky
hieu SUS304
SUS201
Thanh phan hoa hoc chinh, % C
<
0.08
<
0.15 Mn
<
2,0 5,5 -7,5
Si
<
1.0
<
1,0 Cr 18.0 -20.0 16.0 -18.0
Ni S.O -10.5 3.5 -4.5 (Theo tliu chuan Nhdt IIS G4303-91).
Bdng 6: Cd tinh thep khong gi Ky
hieu
SUS304 SUS201
C d t i n h Gicci han ben,
a^,l(G/mm-
<52
<52
Do dan dai 6, %
<40
<40
Do Cling, HRB 7 0 - 9 0 9 0 - 100
Thep SUS304, SUS201 cd tinh deo eao khd gia cong tien, d l cin, dip, go ngupi. Cac tinh cong nghe niy die biet quan trong de che tao cac thiet bi hda chat ed dang binh chfla, dang ong...
SUS201 lam viec tdt trong diiu kien khi quyen, moi trfldng xam thflc nhe.
SUS304 lam cae chi tiet ban lam viee trong moi trfldng xam thflc manh, nhiit dp lim viic tfl -200"C din 550 "C
b. Mdy vd dung cu thUc nghiem:
Hinh I: Mdy PLG-42 - Ddi Loan.
7162, J1C59-1 dflpc flng dung kha pho biin trong cong nghe che tao m i y nhfl cac san pham dang tam, thanh, ong, thdi, bae trong eic 6 trflpt
... che t?o cic dng tan nhiet, ong ngflng, cac ehi - Dao tiin: COROMANT-T-max P cua tiet miy lanh, cac dng xi phong v i cic Ifldi riy hing SANDVIK - Dflc vdi bin kinb mui dao Ii
trong cdng nghidp giay 0,4 mm. ^
TAP CHf CO KHI VIET NAM V S6 l+2{Thang 1+2 nam2013)
NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO OOl
Hinh 2: Dao tien COROMANT-T-max P cua hdng SANDVIK - Ddc.
Hmh 3: Mdy do do nhdm be mat POCKETSURF - My.
c. Cdc gid thiet cua thi nghiem:
- C i e rung dpng trong q u i trinh gia eong la khong doi trong suot q u i trinh gia cong.
- Dung eu eit gii thiet la khong mon trong q u i trinh eit.
2.2 Ket qua thfle nghiem:
Trin co sd so lieu thfle nghiem thu dflpc, sfl dung phuong p h i p quy hoach thflc nghiem ta dupe h i m t o i n hpe mo ta moi quan h i gifla dp n h i m be mat vdi cac thong sd c h i dp eat nhfl sau:
- Hpp kim dong J162:
\ = e•^^'-^v-''•'''^^sI•"'"«^t'>•°'^"^ (pm).
- H p p kim dong XIC59-1:
R 7(0,0324,3 (^j^J_
- Hpp kim nhom AlMg2:
- Hop kim n h d m fll6T:
J^ _ g J8660 y-0.77626 51,565243_j0.089538 ( u m ) .
- T h e p khong giSUS201:
TJ _ g4,93305 y-0,73687 ^1,001944 ^,357818 ( n m ) ,
- Thep khong gi SUS304:
R = e-'.«518 y-0.556S9 gl,001847 (03S5464 ( i l j i i ) ^
2.3 N h i n xet danh gla:
Tfl cac phUPng trinh hoi quy thUc nghiim t r i n ta ed n h i n xet sau:
- Bfldc tien dao s ed so mu dflpng ldn nhat n i n anh hUdng den R^ n h i i u nhat va theo chieu thuan, nghia la neu s tang thi R^ tang.
- Toe dp cat v co so mu am nhd n i n anh hudng di'n R^ it va theo chiiu nghich, nghia la tang v thi R^ giim nhUng it.
- Chieu sau cat t cd so mu dflOng nho nen anh hfldng den R^ it nhat va theo chieu thuan, nghia la t i n g t thi R^ tang nhflng it.
- Thong so bfldc tien dao s i n h hfldng den R^ cua hpp kim nhom la nhieu nhat, vat heu thep khong gi la It nhat.
- Toe dp cat v anh hfldng den R^ cua hpp kim dong l i it nhat, hpp kim nhom va thep kh6ng gi xap xi nhfl nhau. Thep khong gi v i hpp kim nhom ed dp deo dai ldn hon eua hpp kim dong, tinh cit gpt cua dong thfldng dPn giin hPn trong so 3 nhdm hpp kim tren.
- Chiiu s i u cit t i n h hfldng den R^ ciaa thep khong gi la ldn nhat va cua hpp kim ddng la it nhat.
- Cung Ii h p p kim dong la tdng, do dUflc
TAP CHi CO KHI VIET NAM • S6 1+2 (Thing 1+2 nam 2013)
NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO D 6 |
hpp kim hda t h i m 0,8 ^ 1,9 (%) Pb n i n ddng 7IC59-1 CO dp ben, dp cflng v i dp gion eao hpn d6ngJ162 do viy:
+ Toe dp cat v anh hfldng den dp nham be mat 7IC59-1 ldn hfln so vdi JI62, bfldc tien dao s va chieu siu eat t anh hfldng it hon.
+ Qua nghien cflu thfle nghiem eho thay chi can tang mpt Iflpng nho toe dp eat doi vdi 7IC59-1 d i ed t h i eii thien ding ke dp nham b i mat ehi tiit, trong khi J162 phai tang nhieu hon.
Mat khie do ban ehat deo, dai nen khi gia eong tien be mat dong JI62 bi bien dang deo manh, Idp kim Ioai phia trfldc mui dao bi nen chat, ma sat tang de binh thanh hien tflpng leo dao, la nguyin nhin lam tang dp nham be mat va giy sai hong kich thflde ehi tiet. Neu tiin dong JI62 vdi Iflpng dfl q u i nho vdi ban kinh mui dao Idn d i xay ra hiin tflpng trflpt mui dao trin b i mat gia cong la nguyen nhan gay ra mon dao nhanh chdng.
- Ddi vdi hpp kim nhom fll6T eo dp cflng, bin, gion hpn so vdi AlMg2 do vay:
+ Toe dp cat v anh hfldng den dp nham be mat fll6T Idn hpn so vdi AlMg2, bfldc tien dao s vi chieu sau eat t anh hfldng gan nhfl tflong dflong.
+ Thflc nghiem cho thay fll6T Ii loai hpp kim ed kha nang nhiet luyen bang hda gia tU nhien hoac nhan tao do viy 316T cd eP tinh tong hpp tdt, dp edng, dp ben eao, tinh gia eong cat gpt tdt CO t h i gia cdng eac Ioai ren budc nho nhU Ml,4.
Ung dung lam cie chi tii't khoi lUpng nho chiu tai trpng Idn nhu cac chi tiit cua may bay. Doi vdi hpp kim AIMg2 tinh eat gpt kem, dp bdng be mat thap, khd gia cong dupe ren bfldc nho. Trong thUc te de eii thien tfnh cit gpt cua AlMg2 ngfldi ta thfldng dung dao t h i p gio vdi ban kinh mui dao nhd, t6c dp cat ldn.
- Doi vdi thep khong gi SUS201 cd dp cflng, dp gidn cao hPn SUS304 do vay:
+ Toe dp eat v anh hfldng den dp nham b i mat SUS201 ldn hon so vdi SUS304, bfldc tien dao s va chiiu sau eat t anh hfldng gan nhfl tflpng dflpng.
+ Thfle nghiim cho thay SUS304 cd ham Iflpng Niken: 8^10,5 (%) va Crom: 18^20 (%) cao hpn han so vdi SUS201 cd Niken: 3,5^4,5 (%) v i Crom: 16^18 (%), Crom v i Niken la 2 nguyin to CO trong thinh phan thep hpp kim lam eho thep trd nen khd eat gpt nhat. Khi eat got cac thep nay xay ra hiin tflpng bien cflng manh trin be mat chi tiet, de dam bao chat Iflpng be mat thfldng phii dung dao tien ed he so dan nhiit tdt; mui dao ed kit cau be phoi; ban kinb mui dao nhd; bfldc tien dao, chieu sau cat nhd va dam bao du dung dich trpn ngupi khi eat. Doi vdi hai loai thep nay trong thfle te san xuat ngfldi ta thfldng phai u cai thien ca tinh trfldc khi cat gpt,
3. KET LUAN
Nghien cflu nay, ehi ra rang cd the dii'u khien eae thong so eong nghi de dat dflpc gia tri dp nham be mat ehi tiet miy theo yiu cau thong qua phUPng trinh thUc nghiem quan h i gifla dp n h i m be mat va cie thong so eong nghe, Vi mat toan hpe kit qua hoan toin eo the tin eay dUpc.
Vi mat thUe tien kit qui thfle nghiem da dupe ap dung hiiu qua trong san xuat tai Cong ty TNHH MTV Hoa chat 21 - Tong cue Cong nghiip Quoc phong - Bp Quoe phong, chat lUpng be mat san pham dflpc dam bao, nang xuat tang lin ro ret.
Y nghla khoa hgc:
Tren eP sd ly thuyet ket hpp vdi thflc nghiim, tie gia da xiy dflng dflpc ham toan hpe md ta moi quan h i gifla dp nham be mat vdi eac thong so ehe dp cit. Ket qua nay ed the dung lam tii lieu tham khio eho cac nha edng nghi, dieu khien che dp cit cua minh dat do nham be mat chi tiit theo yiu cau, lam cP sd eho eac qua trinh nghiin cflu khae, hd trp thiet ke, lap trinh eic
phan mem dieu khien ehe dp cit. ^
TAP CHf CO KHf VIET NAM V S6 1+2 (Thing 1+2 nim 2013)
NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO D 6 |
^ nghia thflc tien:
Ket qua nghien cflu se ddng gdp them vio ngin hing tra cflu cho cac nha cong nghe, trong qua trinh khai thie vi sfl dung miy tiin CNC, de dam bao chat Iflpng be mat theo yiu eau va hieu qua cao nhat; Kit qua nay cd thi lam eP sd cho qui trinh nghiin cflu cic khia canh khae eua qui trinh cat va lam tii lieu tham khao trong qua trinh dio tao tai nha trfldng. •
Ngiy nhan bai: 03/02/2013 Ngiy phan bien: 23/02/2013
Ngfldi phan bien: TS. Bui Ngpe Tuyen, Bp mon Gia cong Vit heu vi Dung eu Cong nghiep, Viin CP khi - Trfldng Dai hpe Bach khoa Ha Npi.
Tai lieu tham khao:
[1], Le Cong Du5ng (2.000), Vat lieu hoc, NXB. Khoa hoc va Ky thuat. Ha Npi.
[2]. Tran Van Dich (2008), Cac phUOng phap xac dinh do chinh xac gia cong, NXB. Khoa hoc va Ky thuat. Ha Npi.
[3]. Nguyin Die Lpc (1993), Cong nghe che tao may. Tap 1, 2, NXB. Giao due. Ha Npi.
[4], Nguyin Chi Cong (2012), Dieu khien cac thong so cong nghe de dam bao chat lflpng be mat khi gia c6ng vat Ueu CO dnh deo cao tren may tien CNC, Luan van Thac si, Trfldng Dai bpc Bach khoa, Ha Npi.
TAP CHf CO KHI VIET NAM • S6 1 +2 (Thing 1+2 nam 2013)
