Nghien culi cac nhan to anh hiring den li/a chon diem den du lich sinh thai tai tinh Ben Tre
A^N G Q Y I N HOYNH PHCfCiNG THAO'
Tom tat
Thdng qua khdo sdt 300 du khdch, nghien cdu ddnh gid cdc nhdn tddnh hudng den su^ Ivta chon du lich sinh thdi tqi tinh Ben Tre. Ket qud nghien cdu chi ra rang, viec lyta chgn diem de'n du lich chiu dnh hudng bdi 6 nhdm nhdn td, bao gom: (i) Syt an todn; (ii) Gid cd sdn phdm dich vu; (iii) Syt ddp dng da dang; (iv) Chdt lugng nhdn lytc; (v) Mdi trUdng thien nhien; vd (vi) Co sd vdt chdt hq tdng. Tren ca sd ke't qud nghien cdu, tdc gid di xudt mot sdkien nghi, gidi phdp phdt trien du lich sinh thdi tqi Ben Tre.
Tuf khoa: diem de'n du lich sinh thdi, Ben Tre, cdc nhdn td dnh hudng Summary
Through a survey of 300 tourists, this study evaluates the determinants ofthe ecotourism choice in Ben Tre province. The results show that the choice of tourism destination is influenced by six factors, including: (i) Safety; (ii) Price of products/services; (iii) Diversified response; (iv) Quality of human resources; (v) Natural environment; and (vi) Infrastructure facilities. On that basis, some recommendations and solutions are provided to promote ecotourism in Ben Tre.
Keywords: ecotourism destination, Ben Tre, determinants
GlOfI THIEU
Du lich sinh thai la loai hinh du lich difa vao thien nhien, gan vdi ban sac van boa dia phffdng, cd sif tham gia cua cdng ddng dan cff, ket hdp giao due ve bao ve mdi trffdng. Du lich sinh thai hien la loai hinh du lich trgng diem tai khu vifc Dong bang sdng Cffu Long.
HINH: MO HINH NGHIEN CCTU DE XUAT
S\r an toan Gid ca san piiam dicli vy
Sir dap ling da dang Ciiat luong niian lire Moi truing thien nliien
Co sa vat ctiSt iia ting
Viec lira chon diem den du Ijch sinh thai
tai Ben Tre
Nguon: Tac gia de xuat
Mac du la Tinh cd tiem nang, nhifng thffc te phat trien du lich sinh thai d Ben Tre cdn cham chap, so Iffdng khach du lich trong va ngoai nffdc den vdi Tinh cdn thap. Nguyen nhan la do chat lifdng dich vu va chat Iffdng ngudn nhan life phue vu du lich chffa cao.
Ben canh do, cho den nay, chffa co mot nghien cffu nao dffdc thifc hien de danh gia cae nhan to cd tac ddng den viec Iffa chgn diem den du lich sinh thai tai Ben Tre.
CO s d LY THUYET VA MO HINH NGHIEN CLfU
Cd sor ly thuyd't
Theo Philip Kotler (2000), khach hang se ra quyet dinh mua hang khi san pham cua nhffng doanh nghiep do cung
*ThS., Trurdng Dai hoc Gia Djnh I Email: [email protected]
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 30/11/2018; Ngdy phdn bien: 15/12/2018; Ngdy duyet ddng: 22/12/2018
cap gia tri danh cho hg la cao nhat (ggi la gia tri danh cho khach hang). Neu san pham, dich vu dap ffng dffdc nhffng mong mud'n cua khach hang, thi hg se trung thanh va se mua lai d nhffng lan tie^p theo, tham chi mua nhieu hdn, ddng thdi quang cao hg cdng ty den nhffng ngffdi tieu dung khac. Vi vay, de thu hut va giff khach hang, cdng ty can nam vffng cac nhan to quyet dinh mua va sif thda man cua khach hang.
Cdn theo nghien cffu cua Seoho Um va cdng sff (2006), tbi lifa chgn diem den du lich la giai doan Iffa chgn mdt diem de^n du lich tff tap cac diem den, phu hdp vdi nhu cau cua khach du lich.
Yeong-Hyeon Hwang va cdng sff (2006) lai cho rang, Iifa chgn diem den du lich la giai doan, ma khach du lich dffa ra quyet dinh cud'i cung cua minh ve sff lifa chgn diem den, cd nghia la khach du lich chgn mdt diem den nam trong tap hdp nhffng diem den thay the cd san da dffdc tim hieu d cac giai doan trffdc va trd thanh mdt ngffdi tieu dung thffc sif trong linh vifc du lich.
Theo nghien cffu ciia Hoang Thi Anh Thff (2014), md hinh cac nhan to' anh hffdng quyet dinh Iffa chgn khach san 2 sao cua khach du lich ndi dia khi den Hue cd 7 nhan to anh hffdng, gdm:
(1) San pham; (2) Gia ca; (3) Vi tri; (4) Chieu thi; (5) An ninh an loan; (6) Nhan vien phiac vu; (7) Anh hffdng xa hdi.
Mai Khanh (2015) cho rang, cd 5 nhan td tac ddng den cam nhan ciia khach du lich ve chat Iffdng dich vu du lich theo thff tff la: (i) Mdi trffdng du lich cd anh hffdng ldn nhat de'n chat Iffdng dich vu du lich; (ii) Cd sd vat chat; (ii) Hoat ddng du lich giai tri; (iv) Nang life phue vu; (v) An ninh trat tff.
Difa tren cd sd ly thuyet va cac nghien cffu trffdc dd, tac gia da thao luan ciing 10 chuyen gia vd Imh vifc du lich de cho ra md hinh cac nhan td' anh hffdng de^n viec Iffa chon du lich sinh thai tai Ben Tre nhff Hinh.
Dff lieu cua nghien cffu dffdc thu thap theo phffdng phap chgn mlu thuan tien trong khoang thdi gian tff thang 03/2018 den 05/2018. Trong qua trinh thifc hien nghien cffu, da cd 300 bang cau hdi khao sat dffdc tac gia phat ra. Sau cuoc khao sat tac gia thu dffdc 289 phan hdi, trong dd cd 280 bang tra ldi hdp le. Thang do Likert 5 mffe do dffdc sff dung de do Iffdng cac khai niem nghien cffu trong
BANG 1: KIEM DINH THANG DO CRONBACH'S ALPHA CAC THANG DO 6i§'n quan sat
Trung binh thang do n&u
loai bi§'n
Fhvldng sai thang do n&'u
lo^i bi^'n
Tffofng quan biS'n
td'ng
Cronbach's Alpha n§'u lo^i biS'n Thang do Sff an toan: Cronbach's Alpha: 0.817
ANTOANl ANT0AN2 ANT0AN3 ANTOAN4 ANT0AN5
12.7679 12.5929 12.7036 12.8857 12.8357
8.401 7.633 7.313 6.639 7.865
.497 .668 .674 .711 .509
.812 .766 .762 .749 .812 Thang do Gia ca SPDV: Cronbach's Alpha: 0.756
GIACAl GIACA2 GIACA3 GIACA4 GIACA5
12.2857 12.5750 12.5929 12.3393 12.4500
6.076 5.148 5.819 5.601 6.084
.458 .627 .491 .603 .443
.735 .672 .724 .685 .740 Thang do Dap iJng da dang: Cronbach's Alpha: 0.840
DAPUNGl DAPUNG2 DAPUNG3 DAPUNG4 DAPUNG5
12.8500 12.6750 12.8536 12.7393 12.8821
6.085 5.976 5.896 6.007 5.904
.671 .639 .660 .628 .624
.801 .809 .803 .812 .814 Thang do Chat lUcfng nhan Itfc: Cronbach's Alpha: 0.787
NHANLUCl NHANLUC2 NHANLUC3 NHANLUC4 NHANLUC5
13.5536 13.4571 13.5679 13.6536 13.5964
13.459 13.124 13.221 18.270 13.475
.689 .718 .726 .115 .677
.706 .695 .694 .883 .710 Thang do Moi trrfofng thi§n nhien: Cronbach's Alpha: 0.839
MOITRUONG 1 M0ITRU0NG2 M0ITRU0NG3 M0ITRU0NG4 MOITRUONG5
13.2786 13.4679 13.7679 13.3429 13.4286
5.886 5.949 6.301 5.839 6.533
.694 .735 .536 .697 .562
.792 .782 .837 .791 .827 Thang do Cof sof vat chS't: Cronbach's Alpha: 0.844
CSVCl CSVC2 CSVC3 CSVC4 CSVC5
13.0607 12.8607 12.7893 12.9607 12.4714
6.351 5.998 6.619 6.705 7.024
.596 .779 .697 .625 .571
.830 .775 .801 .819 .832 Nguon; Ket qua xii' ly SPSS
Economy and Forecast Review
83
BANG 2: MA TRAN XOAY CAC NHAN TO
ANTOANl ANT0AN2 ANT0AN3 ANT0AN4 ANTOAN5 GIACAl GIACA2 GIACA3 GIACA4 GIACA5 DAPUNGl DAPUNG2 DAPUNG3 DAPUNG4 DAPUNG5 NHANLUCl NHANLUC2 NHANLUC3 NHANLUC5 MOITRUONG 1 MOITRUONG2 MOITRUONG3 M0ITRU0NG4 MOITRUONG5 CSVCl
CSVC2 CSVC3 CSVC4 CSVC5
NhSn td' 1
.718 .846 .793 .698 .587
2
.682 .738 .685 .708 .762
3
.788 .779 .569 .753 .640
4
.868 .883 .873 .807
5 .660 .801 .818 .832 .671
6
.629 .713 .583 .734 .652
D$t t&n nhSn td'
Sff an toan
Gia ca san pham dich vu
SiJf dap vtng da dang
Chat Irfrfng nhanlUc
Moi trrfofng thi^n nhign
Crf soT vat chat ha ting
N g u d n : Ket qua xLf ly SPSS
md hinh phan tich nhan td vdi mffe do tff 1 den 5, vdi 1: Rat khdng hai long den 5: Rat hai ldng (Bdi viet sd dung cdch viet sd thdp phdn theo chudn qudc te).
KET QUA NGHIEN CLfU
Kd't qua kidm dinh dd tin cSy cua thang do Thang do cac nhan td' anh hffdng de'n sff lifa chgn du lich cua ngffdi dan, du khach khi thifc hien du lich tai Ben Tre, he so Cronbach's Alpha tdng cac thang do thanh phan deu Idn hdn 0.7 cho tha'y, thang do
dffdc su* dung la td't. Cac he so' tifdng quan bie^n tdng deu Idn hdn 0.3 ngoai trff bie'n NHANLUC4 cd he so 0.115 <
0.3, nen loai bien nay ra khdi mo hinh (Bang 1).
Phan tich nhSn td' pham kha (EFA) Ke't qua nghien cffu cho bien phu thudc la Slf Iffa chgn diem den du lich cua du khach va 06 bien dgc lap, gom:
(i) Sff an toan; (ii) Gia ca san pham dich vu; (iii) Sff dap ffng da dang; (iv) Chat Iffdng nhan life; (v) Mdi trffdng thien nhien; va (vi) Cd sd vat chat ha tang, Thang do bien phu thudc gdm 5 bien quan sat, vdi 29 bien quan sat cua thang do bien ddc lap.
Ke't qua phan tich EFA cho thay, 5 bie^n quan sat dffdc nhdm thanh 01 nhan to'. He so' tai nhan td' (Factor loading) deu > 0.5, nen chung cd y nghia thiet thffc. Mdi bie^n quan sat cd sai biet ve he so' tai nhan to' deu > 0.3, nen dam bao sff phan biet giffa cac nhan to'. He sd KMO = 0.860 > 0.5 phan tich nhan to' la can thie't cho dff lieu (Hair va cong sff, 1998).
Thd'ng ke Chi-square cua Kiem dinh Bartlett dat gia tri mffe y nghia la O.OOO.
Do vay, cac bieii quan sat cd tffdng quan vdi nhau xet tren pham vi tdng the.
Phffdng sai trich dat 62.102% va trich dffdc 1 nhan to' tai Eigenvalue = 1.381 >
1 dat yeu cau.
Dffa vao ke't qua phan tich EFA (Bang 2), cac nhan to' rut trich ra ciia cac gia thuye't nghien cffu chinh deu dat yeu cau. Do dd, md hinh nghien cffu cac nhan to' anh hffdng den Iffa chgn diem de'n du lich Binh Thuan cua du khach vin giff dffdc 6 nban to' ky vgng ban dau la: (i) Slf an toan; (ii) Gia ca san pham dich vu; (iii) Sif dap ffng da dang, (iv) Chat Iffdng nhan life; (v) Mdi trifclng thien nhien; va (vi) Cd sd vat chat ha tang. Nhan to' Viec Iffa chgn diem den du lich sinh thai tai Ben Tre cua du khach dffdc hinh thanh nhff ky vgng ban dau cua tac gia.
Kg't qua phan tich hdi quy tuydn tinh Md hinh nghien cffu xac dinh cac nhan td anh hffdng den viec lifa^ chon diem de^n du lich sinh thai tai Ben Tre cua khach hang dffdc thiet lap cd dang ham, nhff sau:
/3jj + Pj*lAntoan] + P* [Dapung] + K
4-
Y (LC) P^*[Giaca]
INhanluc] + P^nCSVC] + e^
P *lMoitruong]
Ket qua phan tich hdi quy tuyen tinh cho tha'y, he so' R^ hieu chinh la 69.3%, he sd mffe y nghia cua md hinh (Sig.F
= 0.000) < mffe y nghia 5% (Bang 3).
Dieu dd cd y nghia la sif ke't hdp cua cac bien dgc lap hien cd trong md hinh cd the giai thich dffdc sff bie^n thien cua bien phu thudc. Md hinh bdi quy tuyen tinh da xay difng la phu hdp vdi tap dff lieu hien cd. He so Durbin-Watson va he so VIF cua md binh cho tha'y, hien tffdng tif tffdng quan va da cdng tuyen khdng dang ke. Ke't qua phan tich cdn cho thay, cac bien dffa vao md hinh, thi deu cd y nghia thdng ke d mffe 1% (Sig. < 1%).
Ket qua md hinh hdi quy phan tich sif anh hffdng cua cac bien ddc lap dd'i vdi bien phu thudc the hien tai Bang 4.
Tff ket qua md hinh hdi quy, phffdng trinh hdi quy tuyen tinh da bien cua cac nhan td anh hffdng den viec Iifa chgn diem den du lich sinh thai tai Ben Tre se cd dang sau:
Y (LC) = -0.392 + 0.179*1 Antoan]
+ 0.254* [Giaca] + 0.211*[Dapung] + ai75*[Nhanluc] + 0.087*[Moitruong]
+ 0.219*[CSVC] + e.
KET LUAN VA HAM Y CHINH SACH
K§'tlu§n
Can cff ket qua tren, mffe do quan trgng, mffe do anh hffdng cua 6 nhan to' den viec Iffa chgn diem de'n du lich sinh thai tai Ben Tre, nhff sau:
Nhan td "Chat Iffdng nhan life" cd mffe do anh hffdng ldn nhat, vdi be sd'Beta chuan hda la 0.376. Dieu nay cd nghia la cai thien, nang cao chat Iffdng cac nhan to
! ve con ngffdi, ddi ngu nhan vien phue vu , trong linh vffc dich vu du lich sinh thai tai Ben Tre se tang kha nang anh hffdng va tang them so' Iffdng du khach.
Thff hai la nban td' "Gia ca san pham i dich vu" cd he so' Beta chuan hda dat ' 0.'298. Gia ca hdp ly dffdc de cap ddn , gdm: gia phi tham quan, dich vu giai tri,
mua sam, Iffu tni va an udng hdp ly. Chi , phi gia ca hdp ly anh hffdng de'n viec Iifa , chgn Be^n Tre la diem de^n du lich sinh
thai cua du khach.
J Thff ba la nhan td"Cdsd vat chat ha tang du lich", cd he so' Beta chuan hda dat 0.277. De'n du lich sinh thai tai Ben Tre, du khach can he thd'ng giao thdng thuan tien, an toan, dffdng di rdng, sach, , cd ben tau du lich, ben xe sach se, thoang
• mat, cd nhieu trung tam, cd sd sd vat chat
Mdhinh 1
BANG 3: KET QUA PHAN TICH R
.836"
R2 .699
R^
hi$u chinh .693
Sai s6' ffdrc IvKfng
.27471
Durbin- Watson
1.998 a. Bien doc lap (Constant): VC, AT, NL, GC, DU, MT
b. Bie'n phu thuoc: LC
Mdhinh
1
Hang so' AT GC DU NL MT VC
BANG 4 Hfesd'chtfa
chu^n hoa B
-.392 .179 .254 .211 .175 .087 .219
Std. Error .153 .025 .034 .035 .016 .035 .032
: KET QUA HOI QUY H6s6'
chu^n hoa Beta
.243 .298 .255 .376 .107 .277
t
-2.573 7.270 7.481 5.976 11.220 2.482 6.814
Sig.
.011 .000 .000 .000 .000 .014 .000
Thd'ng kg da cdng tuy&'n Tolerance
.988 .695 .605 .979 .595 .667
VIF 1.012 1.440 1.653 1.022 1.680 1.500 Bien phu thuoc: LUa chgn (Y)
N g u o n : Ket qua XLT iy SPSS
the thao phii hdp (bien, cam giac manh...) va cd nhieu khu giai tri van hda, phdng chie^u phim...
Thff tff la nhan td "Sff dap ffng da dang cua san pham, dich wu du lich", cd he sd Beta chuan hda dat 0.255. San pham, dich vu du lich cang da dang cang anh hffdng den viec Iffa chgn diem den du lich sinh thai tai Ben Tre. Stf da dang cd the de cap den cac ngi dung, nhff: da dang ve dich vu Iffu tru va an udng, chat Iffdng da dang, cd nhieu gian hang ban hang hda, quay Iffu niem, mat hang thu cdng dac thu, cd nhieu diem tham tham mua sam sach, dep, cd nhieu dich vu giai tri, thff gian va nhieu dac san cho khach Iffa chgn.
Thff nam la nhan to' "Sff an toan", cd he sd beta chuan hda dat 0.243. Khi di du lich, du khach rat quan tam den sff an toan: viec dam bao an toan cho du khach khi den diem du lich rat quan trgng, an ninh trat tif, ket sat an toan, cd cac dung cii, trang thiet bi y te' khi can, tinh trang ve sinh thifc pham dffdc dam bao, han che tinh trang chat chem ve gia ca, cheo keo du khach...
Thff sau la nhan to "Mdi trffdng thien nhien". Du khach quan tam den viec dia phffdng cd nhieu khu canh dep tff nhien, cd resort dep gan lien vdi phong canh dia phffdng, bai dep, cd cac khu di tich lich su" - van hda, mdi trffdng than thien, sach se...
Ham y chinh sach
De nang cao kha nang Iffa chgn diem den du lich sinh thai tai Be^n Tre cua du khach, can quan tam mdt so van de sau:
Ve Nguon nhdn liic
Dia phffdng (tinh Ben Tre) can phai cd chffdng trinh, ke hoach dao tao mdi va dao tao lai ngudn nhan life du lich; chii trgng sff dung ngudn nhan life dia phffdng trong cac khu du lich; cac hffdng din vien du lich phai dffdc dao tao ky nang giao tiep, nhat la ngoai ngff ciing sff am hieu sau sac ve gia tri van hda, gia tri thien nhien
Economy and Forecast Review
85
va phffdng phap td chffc cac doan, tour du lich; dao tao life Iffdng nhan vien phue via trong cac khach san, nha hang, chii trgng thai do phue vu du khach: than thien, hieu khach, can cu, cham chi tan tinh trong cdng viec...
Ben canh viec phat trien ngudn nhan life can tuyen truyen, phd cap cac kien thffc ve bao ve mdi trffdng, giff gin ve sinh mdi trffdng cho cff dan dia phffdng, nhan vien phue vu, nban vien du lich va du khach, khuyen khich du khach tham quan cung vdi viec gin giff bao ve mdi trffdng, giff gin canh quan.
Gid cd dich vu hgp ly
Cd quan quan ly nha nffdc va chinh quyen dia phffdng can tang cffdng cdng tac quan Iy thi trffdng, nhff:
Thanh tra kiem tra ve chat Iffdng, gia ca san pham dich vu, nhat la viec niem yet gia, cdng khai gia cac san pham, dich vu; Cdng khai mffe gia dich vu, san pham dia phffdng, cac mffe gia theo quy dinh cua phap luat;
Nghiem cam tinh trang "chat chem" trong budn ban, cheo keo du khach; Cd bien phap, che' tai viec gian lan trong kinh doanh, budn ban, nhff: can thieu, ban san pham kem chat Iffdng, khdng rd ngudn gdc xua't xff...
Su da dang ve sdn phdm, dich vu
Can chu y cac loai hinh vui chdi giai tri, the thao phu hdp vdi dac thu cua vung sinh thai sdng nffdc ket hdp vdi vffdn cay, ma thien nhien ffu dai cho Ben Tre, nhff: cheo xudng ba la, ldi mffdng biin bat ca, dap xe quanh vffdn dffa, dua thung, di cau khi, dap xe cau khi, dua xudng ba la, lua vit, tam ao, bdi sdng, di dd tham quan cac vffdn trai cay...
Phat trien manh cac loai hinh dich vu am thiic truyen thd'ng, dac san ciia Be'n Tre, nhat la cac loai dac san bien, dac thu Ben Tre (cac san pham tff dffa nhff nffdc dffa, keo dffa, rffdu dffa, xa phdng dffa, banh dffa Gidng Ludng, gdi cii hii dffa, thu cdng my nghe tff dffa...; chudi dap, dudng dffa, banh trang My Long, banh phdng Sdn Dd'c, rffdu Phu Ld, banh xeo nam mdi, banh hdi bd dun, banh ffdt nggt, dac san vffdn trai cay...
Casd vdt chdt hq tdng
Chinh quyen dia phffdng can cd nhffng chinh sach va giai phap thu hut manh dau tff vao linh viic du lich, trao ddi va thao gd khd khan cho cac dff an du lich de sdm trien khai di vao boat dong.
Khuyen khich cac thanh phan kinh te dau tff kinh doanh cac loai phffdng tien giao thdng van ehuyen, tao dieu kien di lai thuan tien va an toan cho du khach.
SUan todn
Chinh quyen cac cap dia phffdng va cac ddn vi kinh doanh du lich can quan tam nhieu hdn den cac bien phap bao dam an ninh va an toan ve tinh mang, sffc khde va dam bao an ninh trat tff cho du khach, han che tinh trang ldi dung an xin, xin deu, thach gia, cheo keo khach...
Can chu trgng bd' tri nhan vien bao ve, cffu hd chuyen nghiep, trat tff an toan xa hdi bao dam, khdng cd te nan xa hoi, cffdp, giat..
Mdi trUdng tU nhien
Thanh tra, kiem tra va giam sat chat che viec bao ve tai nguyen mdi trifdng thien nhien trong phat trien du lich. Day manh viec phat trien du lich gan vdi cong ddng, ban sac van hda, gia tri dia phffcJng.
Thffc hien td't cac cdng tac tuyen truyen cho doanh nghiep, khach du lich va ngffdi dan trong cdng tac bao ve moi trffdng, phat trien du lich ben vffng. Dac biet, tinh Ben Tre can phat huy ldi the du lich sinh thai vdi he sinh thai song nffdc va miet vffdn; tranh tinh trang tan pha mdi trffdng trong khai thac phat trien du licb.Q
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO ^ 1. Nguydn Dinh Thg (2011). Phuang phdp nghien cdu trong kinh doanh, Nxb Lao ddng Xa hoi
2. Hoang Trgng, Chu Nguyen Mdng Nggc (2008). Phdn tich dit lieu nghien cdu vdi SPSS, Nxb Hdng Dffc
3. Mai Khanh (2015). Cdc nhdn tddnh hudng de'n hoat ddng du lich tai Phd Yen, Luan van thac sy, Trffdng Dai hgc Cdng nghe TP. Hd Chi Minh
4. Hoang Thi Anh Thff (2014). Nghien cdu cdc nhdn tddnh hudng quye't dinh Ivta chgn khdch san^
2 sao cda khdch du lich ngi dia khi de'n Hue, Luan van thac sy, Trffdng Dai hgc Kinh te, Dai hgc Uui 5. Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R. and Black, W (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis, 5th Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey
6. Hair. J.F., Black, W.C, Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.B. & Tatham, R.L. (2006). Mutivariate data analysis (6"'edn), Pearson Prentice Hall
7. John A Howard, Jagdish N Sheth (1969). The theory of buyer behavior. New York: Wiley 8. Philip Kortler (2000). Marketing Management, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
9. Seoho Um, Crompton , Kaye Chon, YoungHee Ro (2006). Antencedents of revisit intention, Annual of Tourism Research, 33, 1141-1158
10. Yeong-Hyeon Hwang, UlrikeGretzel, Daniel R. Fesenmaier (2006). Multicity trip pattems:
Tourists to the United States, Annals of Tourism Research, 33, I057-I078
