]00 \oY TAP CHf KHOA HOC so 2 (26) 2012
NHAN DIEN CONG BONG CHAM BANI O VIET NAM
£>go Thanh Quyen'
T O M TAT
Giao luu vd tiep biin van hda Id hai thude linh co ban khdng the tbieu ddi v&i mot nen vdn hda. Dieu ndy lgi duprc phdn dnh khd ro nil trong nin van hoa Chdm. V&i dia bdn vdn hda m& - ndm a ngd khu vuc giao luu ciia ba nen vdn hda - van minh ldn cua nhdn logi (An Dd. Trung Hoa va A rdp). Van hda Chdm dd tiep nhdn vd biin ddi nhiing yeu td van hda ngogi sinh tren nin tdng ciia vdn hoa bdn dia. dieu kien xa hpi vd cau true tdm Unh. Tir do. hp dd hinh thdnh hai cpng ddng tin nguang - ton gido. Dd Id cpng ddng Chdm Bdni (Cam Awal) vd cpng ddng Chdm Bdlamdn (Cam Ahier). Hai cpng ddng ndy tdn tgi vd phdt trien phu thuoc ldn nhau vd khdng mang tinh sd hiru Vi vdy, khdng thi nhin nhdn cpng ddng Chdm & Viel Nam v&i tinh chdt mpt thuc the ehinh tri md Id mdt ihuc the xahpi, bao gdm nhliu yeu td nhu: vdn hoa truyin thdng. niim tin lin nguang - ldn gido. id chirc xa hpi
Tfr khoa: ChdmCam Awal. Chdm Bani/Bini, cdng ddng Cham Bdni ABSTRACT
Cultural exchange and acquisition are two essential basic features of a culture.
This is also reflected quite clearly in the Cham Culture. With open cultural geography- located al the crossing of three great cultures - civilizations of human kind (India, China and Saudi Arabia). Cham Culture has acquired and exchanged exogenous cultural factors on the base of native culture, social condition and spirit structure. Thence it formed two belief-religion communities: Cam .4wal and Cam Ahier communities. These communities exist and develop interdependent Iv without posses.<!ivenes.s. Therefore, Cam community in Vietnam must be identified as a social entity rather than a politic entity, including a lot of factors such as traditional culture, belief- religion, social organization, etc.
Key words: Cham/Cam Awal. Cham Bani/Bini, Cham Bani communiiy.
l . D A T V A N D E nguong - tdn giao v.v... Chinh vi vdy, tir Ngudi Chdm Id mgt frong nhung sau ndm 1975 vide day manh nghien ciru dan tgc ihieu sd da djnh cu Idu ddi Iren ve ngudi Chdm d Viet Nam da sdm lien lanh thd Viet Nam ngdy nay. Trong sudt hdnh ngay lu budi dau va thu hiii su quan chidu ddi Ijch sii phdt tridn tgc ngudi ciia tdm ciia nhidu nhd nghien ciiu trong va minh, dan igc Chdm da dd Igi nhieu ddu an ngodi nudc. Trong dd, nhiing dd lai quan van minh vd van hda dgc ddo, phong phii. tam nghidn cuu vd ITnh vuc lin ngudng - da dang the hifn ndi bat tren nhieu ldnh tdn gido Cham cung tucmg ddi khd nhidu-.
vyc khac nhau nhu: kidn tnic, didu khdc. Mac ddu vay, cho ddn nay van cdn khdng vdn chuong, ngdn ngu va ddc biel Id lin it cac nha nghien ciru hay ngd nhdn ve 'Nghiin ahi viin. Phdn Vifn Vdn hoa N^ thudi Kfi Noa
'Nguyin HSu Thdng. 2003. Lt^oiA, 1989
CHfNH TRI - VAN HOA - GIAO D y C - XA HOl Ihudi ngfr \ a td chiic tdn giao chinh thdng
voi to chiic lin ngudng truydn ihong, khi nhan dien hinh thai lin ngudng - ton gido frong cdng ddng ngudi Chdm d Viet Nam.
Tir su ngd nhgn nay, da ddn den su nhdn thuc sai lech ve ban chat tin ngudng - ldn giao cua cdng ddng n ^ d i Chdm. Do dd.
nd keo theo nhidu ly gidi khdng phu hgp vdi thyc Id hifn nay ciia cdng ddng ngudi Chdm dang sinh song d Viet Nam.
Trong bai vidt nay, lac gia xin dua ra mgt sd yeu td nhdn dien cdng ddng Chdm Bdni d Vift Nam. Mdt cdng ddng ma cho den hifn nay. van con chua nhgn dugc sy quan tdm dung muc va thdu dao ciia cdc nha nghidn ciiu d trong nudc.
2. QUA TRINH DU ViH^? ISLAM VAO CQNG DONG CHAM
Hdi gido du nhap va cgng ddng Chdm da dugc dd cap d nhidu ngudn tu lieu khac nhau. Theo Ihu tich Trung Hoa dudi trieu dgi nhd Tdng cd ghi chep vd cdu kinh dd te trdu cua fridu dinh Champa Id "Alio ak- bar" (cdu kinh tyng dd cao Thugng dd vT dgi cua ngudi Islam)-\ Ben cgnh dd, van ban Chdm cung ghi chep vd bidn nidn su cdc vua Champa vd Po Awluah (1000 - 1036) lire ia thanh Alia Id fridu dgi ddu tidn ciia Vucmg quoc Nam Champa''. Tir hai nguon tu tifu nay, hgc gid G. Maspero cho r ^ g ngdy tu dau the ky X cu dan Champa da bdt dau liep nhdn Islam.
Ndm 1922. Dd ddc P.Ravaisse ngudi Phdp xac dinh hai tam bia mg ghi bdng tidng Ardp dugc lira thdy d viing bidn Iliugc hai linh Ninh Thuan va tinh Binh Thudn cd nidn dai khoang 1025 -
1039. Tu dd, lac gid nay xac dinh da cd sy ton tai ciia mgt cdng ddng Islam d vuong qude Champa vao Ihd ky XI. Nhung didu nay da dugc hgc gia P.Y.Manguin phan ddi quan diem ciia P.Ravaise Id hai tdm bia mp kia viet hang lidng Ardp chi Id bia md cua ngudi Ardp gac dudng ben bd bien Champa, chfr khdng phdi la md ciia cu dan Champa theo Islam*.
Tu Ihd ky XII - XIII, cdc thuong nhan Islam dd ddn vimg Nam Trung Hoa.
dd chiem dugc vai frd uu the va dd gdp phdn phat iridn cac vuong qude d hdn dao Indonesia. Trong dd, cdc thuydn buon Jawa ihudng hay ghe ldi khu vyc Ddng Duang (trong dd cd Champa). Ddc bift.
irong Ijch sfr Jawa vd Champa ghi nhan su giao hao mat thiet thdng qua hdn nhan gifra vua Champa Jaya Inravarman III vdi cdng chiia Jaw-a Bia Tapasi*. Ddn dau thd ky' XIV, vuang qude Champa cd mgt nen hang hdi rat phdt Iridn va thiiy binh rat mgnh Irong khu vyc. Cac thuydn buon ciia hg thudng di Iai budn ban vdi Jawa va Nam Trung Hoa'. Ciing tfr nhfrng tu lieu trdn. ban dau cdc nhd nghien cfru cho rang Champa da tiep nhgn Islam tryc tiep tfr Ardp (Ihugc khu vyc Trung Ddng): nhung vd sau mdt vdi nhd nghidn ciru dd phai hidn, Ifr sau Ihd ky XV, Islam dugc du nhap vdo Champa do cdc thuy thii ngudi Ma Lai den truydn dao hode do cu dan Champa ddn hgc dgo true tidp ttr Md Lai*.
6 thd ky XV. Islam dd dm i va bdn re phai tridn d vuong qude Champa. Sang the ky XVI - X V n . mdt bd phgn dang kd cua cu dan Champa iheo Islam vd irong dd cd ca quan lai trong fridu dinh Champa".
'MasperaC. 1928. ir.tB; Truang Tdn Mdn. 2008. trlSl.
'Vm bdn Cham 0TQ 11).
'MangidnPy., 1979 trl-3. CSng theo GS Ludvik Kahis ^gi Hoc Sorbonne. Phdp) khdt^ d/nh rdng hai tim bia mo Arip khdng mat phdt tir vuang ^nrfc Champa mdiirtfd trdn Kairouan cua Tunisia - mdt quae gia ndm d Trung Dang
*UasperoC.. I928.tr. 13.
^Phan Vdn Ddp. 1993.
'MangulnPY. 1979.tr.l-2: HaJiAdi Taha. 1998, trS 'Phan VdnD^. 1993; Tnnmg Vdn Man. 2008.
102 TAP CHf KHOA HQC SO 2 (25) 2012 Bdn canh dd, ihdng qua cac van
bdn chep tay hifn cdn dugc luu irfr lgi cac gia dinh ngudi Chdm d hai linh Kinh Thuan vd Binh Thudn. thudng hay nhde ddn cdc nh&i vgt Md Lai den Champa iruydn dao nhu: Ariya Po Nai Mai Mang Makah, Ariya Tuer Phaow... vd hdu hel cac vua chiia vd tudng ITnh Champa nhu:
Po Klaong Girai, Po Rome, Po Tang Ahaok, Po Hanim Par..\M\ len ngdi deu den thanh dia Makah'" - Kelanlan de hgc dao". Do do, chiing ta thdy Islam d nguoi Chdm hifn nay cd nhieu net tucmg ddng nhu Islam d Malaysia hgn la Islam d khu vuc Trung Ddng. Dd td Islam Champa theo gido phdi Sunni (chinh gido Hdi) bidu hifn qua vifc tdn thd thanh Alia {Po Awluah) ket hgp vdi tuc ihd Id lien vd tin nguong ban dia dugc sung bdi chinh irong cdc nghi Id cua hg; md didu ndy Islam d khu vuc Trung Ddng khdng did chdp nhan. Chinh didu ndy. ve sau ngudi Chdm da lidp nhdn va cai bidn Islam cho phii hgp vdi fruyen ihdng van hda ciia hp.
3. NHAN DIEN C O N G 0 6 N G CHAM BANI/BINI O V I $ T NAM
3.L Cpng ddng Chdm Bdni Id cgng ddng chiu dnh hudng cda tdn gido Islam ma nhiing nhd khoa hoc Ihudng ggi la
Chdm Hdi gido cii hay Chdm Hdi giao Bdni'-. Cpng ddng Chdm Bdni id san phdm dung hda gifra Islam giao vd Ba La Mdn gido, tfr nhirng ihd ki trudc. Cpng dong nay chu ydu cu tni d hai tinh: tinh Ninh Thudn cd 22.113 lin do vd 128 vj tu st sinh hogt d 7 thanh dudng iSang mdgik), vd tinh Binh Thudn cd 18.676 lin do vd 313 vj tu st sinh hogt d 9 thdnh dudng. Tdng sd tin dd Chdm Bdni Id 40.789 ngudi va chidm 36% so vdi tdng ddn sd ngudi Chdm d Vift Nam". Nhdm cgng ddng nay dugc nhdn bidt r6 nhdt la qua tdng ldp lu st Po Acar'""
vd frang phuc ciia ngudi phu nfr'^ Hg thd thanh Allah (Po Awluah), ihd cOng to lidn vd cac vi anh hiing ddn ipc ciing nhu cdc vj than linh thugc van vdt hiiu linh. Hg kidng thjt heo. thil ddng. vd khi den luoi trudng thanh lam Id cdt tdc, Ie cudi. Khi chdi dii Idm nghi thfrc ihd tang'^
3.2. Qua trinh giao Iuu va tiep bien Islam giao, cpng dong Cham Bdni da hinh thanh mgt Ibe thong mdi ve triet ly, kinh k ^ vd hf thdng nghi Id.
Trudc khi Islam du nhap vdo cdng d6ng Chdm, ngudi Chdm dd cd mdt he thdng uiel ly vd vii try gdn lien vdi Po Ind Nagar (Thdn'm? xir sd). Khi Islam dugc fruydn vdo cgng ddng Chdm d the XWV.
ngudi Cham xual hien thdm mot tridt ly
^'TkdiA dia MAKAH: D^i vdi ngudi Ch&n, MtduA lihdi^phdi id mdt dia danh di chi xd A rdp md di chi xi K^antan- MdaysuL Ngudi Md Lai cSng vdy. MahA Id mfit ihdnk dfa thigfdi siiu hinh. ehinh vi the cho nin ngudi ia khdng the din chon ndy dieac. Vi vdy, ngudi Chdm cd cdu "nao makah danah " (3t xu makah donah) vdi nghTa den Id "di thdnh d/a Makah
•vd Met&iah ". nhung ngh^ b^g Id ~ra Jf Id^ig ^ trd lai" Cung theo DLombard trade the k^ XVI. danh tit Maktdt Aipc
£aig trong vdn chuang Md Lai IA6i^ An dd Ihdnh ^ HSI gido d nudc ji rdp mi td liiu vuang Afalakka (Ud Laij. Sau the ky Ihii XVI khi MalaihabiBd Ddo f/hach^ ddng thoA dja Makah dufn: ddi tii'Malakka din Kelanlan (iia Lai}-mdt lii^
bm^ cd nhliu mdi qutat hf khOng khll vdi vuang quSc Champa. pfguSn: Sakaya. 2010. Vdn hoa Chdm ~ nghiin euu vd phi bmh. Nxb. Phfl NS. Hd N&. cade chu 4, a-. 247 - 248].
•'Motauv G, Po Dharma. Abdul Karim. 2000: Ihiww VSn Man. 2008. tr 158
"PhmXudn Biin, 1991: Phan Vdn Dip, 1992: Hodng Mmh Dd, 2006; Nguyin MSng Dwtmg. 2004
"1h«mg VSn Mon. 2008, Ir. 153.
"Po Actr Id tS^ lap tusTdvu dnh hudng eua Islam. T&^ Idp lu si ndy ihudng mdc do diu mdu Irdng eo lunh Id bd di cdch
£fit phu d trude vd sou hmg. Ho thudng mde vdy mdu trdng vd codec kadung - mdt ehitm tiH dufK may bSng vdi diaig dt dvng /nJm huang di vd edu biia chua trdn giU thdn thi
"Pht na Chdm Bdm ihudng mdc vay. io ddi bil to. ddu ddi akhan mhram - khdn dpi dau co gdn ddi hoa vdn. Phu nd Ch&n Bdni thidng mdc trangphx ndy vdo cockle hdi hode than gia tiin hdnh cdc ngfa thdc. r^hi li eua gia dinh vd ddng ha '*Sakco^ 30(a: Bd Ihaig Ptv. 2001. Phi Van Hdn. 2005.
"Hii ihdo guic tivi bia ^Ddi^ Nam A. do KptVih Ddng Phdpphdi hap vai Hdi Khdo cdh(KMalayiuitd chdc. tu ngay 09-ta/liaOll. KB Kuala Lumpia: Malx^aia.
CHINH TRj - VAN H Q A - GIAO DgC - XA HOI 103 mdi ggi Id Sakkarai Po Kuk (triel ly Po
Kuk). Vdi hf thdng iridt ly nay, Po Kuk la vj thdn tdi cao ciia Chdm Bdni cung vdi Po Awluah (thdnh Alia) da Igo ra nhdn sinh quan va the gidi quan tarn Iinh mdi ciing l6n tai song song vdi met ly Po Ina Nagar.
Cd hai he d i ^ g tridt Iy nay da dugc mgt sd Ie nghi tin ngudng cda cgng ddng Chdm Bdni {Cam Awal) va Chdm Bdlamdn (Cam Ahier) ghi chep lai frong cdc thu tjch. bia ki Chdm'^
Moi mdt Idng Cham Bdni ddu cd mdt thdnh dudng rieng {sang mdgik). Thanh dudng thudng dugc tga Igc d giua lang va mang dang dap kidu nhd tuc (sang ye) fruyen thdng cua ngudi Cham'''. Ben trong thdnh dudng cd bye Minbar diing cho cac tu 51 dting giang kinh. 0 trudc cua ra vao cua Ihanh dudng cd ddt mdt tan dd thznhpatau khah bah - tugng trung cho hoang hi Um Mari^. Thanh dudng Id nai tdn nghiem
va dugc xem nhu la nhd thanh Alia, do dd, Ihanh dudng Iudn ddng ciia vd chi md cfra vao cac dip le Idn nhu: Id Ramdwan (thdng Ramdwan), Waha, Suk Yeng (U Kinh hoi)... Dd frdng nom thanh dudng, dgc kinh Koran {Cora'dn)-^ vd frigc hien cac nghi Id cho tin.dd. cdng dong Cham Bani cd mgt tang ldp tu sT ggi la Po Aear.
Tang Idp tu sT nay cd nam cap tfr thdp len cao: Acar, Mddin, Katip, Injdm vd Po Gru.
Cdc tu st thudng la nhting ngudi dgi didn cho ddng hg cua mgt palei (idng) Chdm d mgt thdnh dudng thugc dan vi palei dd.
Vi frieo phong tyc cgng ddng Chdm Bdni, mdi ddng hg phdi cd it nhdt mgt tu sT dd thuc hifn cdc nghi Id frong cac gia dinh va ddng hg, Phong tuc nay da tao sy binh ding trong tin dd Bani, it nhdt vd mdt ddng hg Irong phgm vi mang tinh tdn gido. N6 cho thay xu hudmg 'Uhodt ly" ciia thiet che xa hgi ddng cap theo Bdlamdn gido^.
Thdnh dieang (Song mdgik) Cham Bani Anh: Thanh Quyen Ddi vdi tin dd cdng ddng Chdm Bdni, hg quan niem rdng viec thuc hidn cdc bon phan can ban ciia tin ngudng - tdn gido Id ciia cac m st. Hg chi gifr cac gidi cdm frong an udng va ddn thdnh dudng ddng Id frong cac dip Ie. CJ ddy, chiing la thdy cdc tin dd ddn Ihanh dudng dang l l cac vj than va
7M SI Bdni chuan bf hanh le trong thdnh dudng phung hidu dng ba td tidn. Hg khdng hgc kinh koran {Cora 'dn) vd khdng lam Ie moi ngay theo nghi thiic Islam.
Bdn canh be thdng tridt Iy vd kinh kf, cgng ddng Cham Bdni cdn cd he thong nghi Id bao gdm: le tdn giao tin ngudng, nghi Id vdng ddi, id hOi dan gian, va le
•'Sakt^^a, 1994. Ir 49-52,
"Phan y^Dop. 2006. tr.l22: Tmong Vdn Man. 2008. tr.}S4.
"Vdn bdn Cndm (DTQ. 31).
"Ndi dmg cua hnh karan Id gk-chip nhihig nghi li hdnh ddo. M& mat do^ kinh biran diu CO ghi tdm ldt ldi gidi lUchy nghld cua do^n kiidi. di cha cdc tu sldiddng trong vife hpe vd hdnh li.
"Phan Vdn Dap. 2006, tr.i2S.
TAP CHf KHOA HQC S 6 2 (25) 2012 nghi ndng nghidp. Cung nhu cdng ddng
Cham Balamdn, cgng ddng Cham Bdni cd tyc thd "del aiau'^-^ vdi he ihdng cac nghi Id rija thd hien su thd cimg Id lidn.
3,3. Cgng dong Cham Bani eiing vdi c o n | dong Cham Balamon la mot t h ^ r the xa hoi Chdm. Hai cong ddng nay ton tai va phat trien phu thugc, chuyen hda lan nhau va khong mang tinh sdhfru. Do do, khong the nhin nhgn cgng dong Cham vdi tfnh chat mot thuc the chiflh tr{ ma la mgt ban the xa hgi.
Trong suot chieu dai lich su phat tridn ctia Idc ngudi Cham dd cd mdi ihdi gdn lidn vdi tdn tgi va suy vong cua nha nudc Champa. Do vdy, ca cau td chirc xd hgi cua cgng ddng ngudi Cham ngay nay, dT nhidn van cdn mang nhidu ddu dn ca cau Id chuc Nhd nudc Champa thdi co dai.
Ben cgnh dd, su anh hudng mgnh me cua ha nen vdn minh ldn An Do, Ardp. Trung Hoa cimg vdi sy lac dgng. luan hoan ciia ba tdn giao Idn nhu Bdlamdn giao. Phai gido va Islam.
Mai doun Kinh Cora an (Corun) Anh' Thanh Quyen
Thuat ngfr Awal cd ngudn goc tfr Argp. CO nghTa la """ddu tien, sdm. phdn ddu"'*. Ngudi Cham diing ihudt ngu ndy de chi nhfrng ngudi Chdm ddu lidn cai dao ttr Balamdn giao sang Hdi gido Bani.
Ngugc lai. ihugt ngQ Ahier la gdc tfr Argp cd nghta la "sau, phdn sau". Ngudi Cham
"Cittatauldv^t&ngdiAfngnidingv&t thiing eita tdc ha
"Hawkins J.M., 2004, tr 13
Nhung tren thuc ic, ba tdn giao ndy khong ton tgi va phat tridn ciing ragt liic.
md chi tdn tai theo lung thdi ky Ijch su phat tridn tiiinh vugng khdc nhau. Mai den khi quyen lyc cua Nhd nudc Champa su>
thdai, sy iranh gianh anh hudng ciia hai luong tu tudng An gido va Islam xuat hidn mdt cdch ro net d khu vuc Panduranga (tinh Ninh Thugn va tinh Binh Thudn ngay nay).
Chinh dieu nay, da gay nen su phan hda va ddi lap mau thudn trong ngi bd cgng ddng xa hgi ciia ngudi Cham tuc ducmg riidi. E)d gidi quydt sy mau ttiuan ddi lap nay, cpng ddng ngudi Cham d khu vyc Panduranga dd sdm biet iing dyng quan nidm lufrng hgp dung hda dd xda nhda ranh gidi frdn.
Hg phan ldp ihdnh hai nhdm cgng ddng ddn cu Awal (cdng ddng Chdm Bdni) va cgng ddng dan cu Ahier (cpng dong Chdm Bdlamdn) dya irdn ca sd quan nidm: '^Tuy bieu hien ciia hai mat ddi lgp nhirng thdng nhdt trong mdi quan he'\ Vice sfr dung thuat ngfr Awal va Ahier Id nhdm de chi hai mat ddi lap ciia su thdng nlidi.
Quan cdnh ldo mp cua cong dong Chdm Bam ir linh Binh Thuan diing thugt ngfr ndy chi nhiing ngudi chua dugc cai dgo hoac cai dao sau cimg ifr Balamdn giao sang Hdi gido Bani. Rieng
\ iec dimg thuat ngti Chdm Bdni {Bim) va Chdm Balamdn {Akaphir/Akapier) thi lgi mang mpt y nghta khac. Tu Bdni/bini la gdc lu Ardp cd nghta Id "dda con trai, con
CHfNH TR! - VAN HOA - GIAO DUC - XA HOi
ciia ddng tdi cao"'\ Tuy nhidn. khi liep nhgn ydu to Islam vao, ngudi Chdm dung ifr nay de chi "phdi nir" ihudc phai Awal.
Cdn lii Akaphir/Akapier cd ngudn gdc Ifr chfr Kafir ciia ngdn ngu Ardp cd nghfa Id khdng phdi tin dd Islam (non - muslim).
Tu ndy diing dd chi nhtrng ngudi Cham chiu dnh hudng Bdlamdn gido ddi tap vdi Chdm Bani (chiu dnh hudng ciia Islam)-*'.
Hai thudt ngfr Cham Bdni (Bini) va Cham Balamdn {Akaphir/Akapier) dugc diing dd chi nhdm cdng ddng ngudi Cham chju dnh hudng Islam giao vd nhdm cdng ddng ngudi Chdm chiu dnh hudng Balamdn
Katip doc kinh Cora 'an Irong lc ldn phong lai ihanh dudng
Moi quan hf lufrng hgp ndy the hidn rat ro trong sinh hoal vdn hda linh than ciing nhu sinh hogi van hda vdt chat cua hai nhdm cdng ddng ngudi Chdm d viing Nam Trung Bd ngay nay. Td chuc cdng ddng xd hgi truyen thdng ciia ngudi Chdm la mpi id chfrc nhj phdn - ludng hgp. Cung tren co sd ndy. ngudi Chdm da diic kdl thanh mdt bidu tugng ciia su thdng nhdt qua Homkar^.
Tdm Igi. lin nguong - Idn giao Chdm dd ra ddi \a ton tgi gdn lidn vdi qua trinh
giao. Dieu nay ndi ldn ring, cdng ddng Cham Bani hay Cham Balamdn ddu cimg xuat thdn tfr mdi cdi ngudn - ciing mdi tdc ngudi. Do dd. sy khdc biel ngdy nay chi Id sy khdc biel vd sy phdn cong dam nhan vai trd phung sy Yang (than) hogc Awluah (thanh Alia) md thdi-". Nhdm ccing ddng Cham Bdlamdn (Cam ^/i/e/^
pliung sy Yang thugc nhdm Duang linh - tanaow/likei/amd (due/con irai/n^cai cha). Nhdm cdng ddng Chdm Bani (Cam /Jwt7/) phung su/)H7i/flft(ihanti Alia) ihudc nhdm Am tinh - Binai/kumei/amaik {ck\i con gdi/ngudi me).
;^^n^m^^
Phu nir Chdm Bdni mdc y phuc Irong le ldn pliong lu sT Chiim Bdni,
Anh: Thanh Quyeu hinh thanh vd phdt frien cua vuang qude Champa. Trdi qua bao thang tram cua ljch su vdi sy thjnh suy cua vuang trieu, dd keo theo sy syp dd ciia cd mpt hf ihdng tin nguang - ldn gido. Cgng ddng Chdm d khu MJC Panduranga (thugc tinh Ninh Thugn va Binh Thudn ngay nay) dd xdy dyng cho minh mdi toai hinh tin ngudng - tdn gido ridng. Loai hinh tin ngudtig- ion giao nay dugc dya Ircn co sd cua ndn van hda ban dja, uong dd ndi bdC nhfrng ydu td truydn ihdng cda xd hgi ndng nghidp. chd dd gia
"Aymonier E., 1906. tr 323
".fymonlerE.. 1906. tr.2.
^Thdnh Phan. 2001.
"Tir Hamkar cd nguon gde tit Omkara - Id biiu tnmg cho h'mh twang triet hoc cua An Dfi.
TAP CHf KHOA HQC S6 2 (25) 2012 dmh mlu hf, va tin ngudng thd cung td 4.
lien... kdl hgp vai nhiing ydu td van hda An Do, Islam vd Phdi gido da dugc ngudi Cham tiep nhan vd bidn ddi phii hgp vdi ndn van hda vd didu kifn xd hgi. Dd ciing Id qua uinh "nhdt the hda" nhfrng ydu Id van hda ngoai sinh vao nen van hda ban c dia Chdm. Trong qud uinh nhdt thd hda dy, mgt phdn da hinh thanh nen cmig ddng U'n ngudng - tdn giao Cham Bdni d Vidl Nam.
Ngdy nay, trong viec xdy dyng nhd g nudc phap quydn d Viet Nam, ca chd quan ly hdnh chinh Nha nudc ddng vai trd chii dgo cho su van hanh ciia xa hgi. Nhung frong qua frinh xay dyng vd cai bidn co chd quan ly xa hgi; ddc biel la xdy dung ndng Ihdn mdi cdn cd sy quan lam thich dang ' • hem nfra, ddn nhiing yeu to hgp \y cda td chiic xa hgi Iruydn thdng. Song song dd, la phai cd sy cg sdt \^ ndng kdi hgp va vgn dung nhimg ydu id lich cyc. nhan didn hdi hda, Ihifn chi ban trong phong tuc - tap qudn. tin ngudng - ldn giao ciia ngudi 8.
Chdm. Lam dugc nhu the. ching nhiing gdp phan nang cao hifu qua cdng tdc quan ly Nhd nudc md cdn gdp phan gidi quydt lot van dd dan tgc, tin ngudng - tdn giao vdn lau nay chiia dyng. tdn dgng nhidu nhidu khd. phCrc tap va gdy du luan d viing 9.
ddng bdo Cham.
TAI L I f U THAM KHAO 1. Aymonier, E., 1906. Dictionnaire
Cam - Francois [Tir diin Cham - Phdp]. EFEO, Paris.
2. Phan Xuan Bidn - Phan An - Phan U, Vdn Dop, 1991. Van hda Cham, Nxb.
Khoa hgc Xa Hdi, Ha Ndi, 392 trang.
3. Hodng Minh Dd, 2006. Tin ngudng.
tdn gido trong cgng ddng nguai 12, Chdm a Ninh Thudn, Binh Thugn, Nxb. Ly lugn Chinh uj. Ha Npi. 209 trang.
Phan Van Ddp. 1992. "Ton giao uong xa hdi cua nguoi Cham d Viet Nam'", frong Vdn de kinh ti - vdn hda ddn tdc Chdm, k>' ydu khoa hgc.
Vien Dao lao Md rgng TP.HCM (nay Trudng Dai Hgc Md TP.HCM).
Phan Van Ddp. 1993. Tdn gido cua nguai Chdm a Vi^t Nam, Ludn an Tien st, Mdn Khoa hoc Xa Hdi tai TP.HCM.
Phan Van Ddp, 2006, "Ton giao ciia ngudi Chdm d Viet Nam", trong Ddn tdc hoc vd nhung vdn de xd hdi hien dai, Nxb. Khoa hgc Xa hdi. Ha Ngi, fr. 1 0 3 - 1 3 0 .
Nguydn Hdng Ducmg, 2004. "Anh hudng cua Balamdn giao, Phat giao vd Hdi gido ddi vdi van hda cda ngudi Cham d Viet Nam", trong Tdn gido trong mdi quan h? vdn hda vd phdt iriin a Viil Nam, tr. 323 - 335.
Haij • Adi Taha (editor). 1998.
Costumes of Campa and the Malay group in Vietnam [Trang phye cua Champa vd nhdm Md Lai d Viet Nam], EFEO and Muzeum Negara Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Phii Vdn Hdn, 2005. Ddi song vdn hda vd xd hdi ngudi Cham Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh, Nxb. Van hda Dan tgc, HaNoi.
Hawkins. J.M., 2004. Kamus Dwibahasa Oxfiyrd Fajar: Jnggeris- Melayu, Melayu-Inggeris, Oxford university Press.
Lafont P.B.. Po Dharma, 1989, Bibliographie Campa et CUtm [Thu muc ve Champa vd Chdm], L'Harmattan, Paris.
Manguin P.Y., 1979. L'introduction de I'Islam au Campa [Gidi thi^u Islam d Champa], Public. BEFEO, Vbl,LX\a (translated in English by Robert Nicholf).
CHiNH TRI - VAN H 6 A - G l A O DUG - XA HOl 107 13. Maspero G.. 1928. Le Royaiime 17.
de Campa [Vuang quoc Champa], Public. Van Desi, Paris.
14. Truang Van Mdn (Sakaya). 1994.
"Le Rija Nagar ciia ngu&i Chdm - mot tin ngimng ddn gian Chdm doc ddo". Tap chi Dan lpc hgc. sd 3T994.fr 4 9 - 5 2 .
15. Truong Vdn Mdn. 2008. Subien doi 18.
tin ngudng. tdn gido cua ngudi Cham d Viet Nam. irong "Sir bien doi cua tdn gido lin ngudng d Viet Nam hien 19.
nay". Nxb. The gidi, Hd Npi. Ir.l31 - 1 7 3 .
16. Moussay G.. Po Dharma, Abdul 20.
Karim. 2000. Sai Mai Mang Makah [Thi phdm Nai Mai Mang Makah].
No. 3, Public. EFF-O, Kuala Lumpur. 21 Malaysia.
Thanh Phan. 2001. "Mdi vai suy nghT ve Ihyc trang tin ngudng - ldn giao ciia ngudi Chdm hidn nay", bdi bao cdo nghien cfru khoa hgc tgi Hgi nghj khoa hgc ve tdn gido tin ngudng ciia ngirdi Cham a Kinh Thudn - Thuc trang vd gidi phdp, tinh Ninh Thuan.
17/9/2001.
Bd Trung Phy, 2001, Gia dinh vd hon nhdn cua ngic&i Chdm & Viet Nam.
Nxb. Van hda Dan ldc. Hd Ngi.
Nguyen Hiiu Thdng. 2003. Tdng thu muc Champa, Nxb. Thuan Hoa, 489 trang.
Vdn bdn Chdm (DTQ.II). Dak rai patao Cam [bien nien sU vua Champa].
Vdn ban Chdm (DTQ.31). Sakkarai Po Kuk. ndmmdk sang mdgik f uidt ly Po Kuk. Ddu tich thdnh dudng].
