NHIN LAI CHINH SACH CUA THAI LAN
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OOl V6l NGUdi HOA TRONG UCH sD
CHAU THI HAI*
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id'ng vdi nhilu nUde trong khu vflc ebinb sich eua ebinb phu Thai Lan ddi vdi Ddng Nara A, ngfldi Hoa d Thii ngfldi Hoa qua cic thdi ky lich sfl.Lan chie'ra radt vi tri k h i quan trpng ,. , ->^ ^ .^
^;. ' I, V, f - - u ' ^An I- BOI CANH LICH SU, DAC T R U N G
trong ddi song kinh te xa hpi cua nfldc . , . ^ x. - v^ ^ v , . . .., , , , . .. , . / . . . XA HOI VA Cd S d NHAN THU'C CUA VIEC DINH HINH CHINH SACH niy. Nhflng lai khie vdi nhilu nfldc trong
khu vflc, ngfldi Hoa d Thai cd rapt qui
trinh hda nhip vio x i hdi ban dja k h i Ira Chung ta dang b i n de'n chinh sach ciia a. Nguyin nhan nio da din dl'n bilu qua Thai Lan ddi vdi ngfldi Hoa nen cho phip niy, phai ching Thii Lan da cd rapt ebinb tdi dfldc dflng mde thdi gian tfl nam 1939- sich k h i ralm deo ddi vdi cdng ddng thdi ky diu nfldc Xilm dfldc ddi ten thinh ngoai kilu ndi chung v i cdng ddng ngUdi Thii Lan^^^ dl'n nhflng n i m 60 cua t h i ky Hoa ndi riing? Ni'u nhfl viy thi chinh XX- khi Thai Lan thfle hien ke hoach 5 sich dd dfldc binh t h i n h trong bdl canh nira lin thfl nha't. Tuy nhiin, de tranh lich svf, die trflng xa hdi v i cd sd nhin giai thich rfldm ra, ten gpi Thai Lan dfldc thfle nio? Chinh sach dd dfldc t b i hien sii dung trong bai xuyen sudt trong mpi qua cac thdi ky lich sfl ra sao? Nd dem lai thdi ky lich stt va cung di van de cd tinh bilu qua nhfl t b i nio ddi vdi qui trinh he thd'ng, chung tdi raud'n ngfldc ddng thdi phat triln kinb te xa hdi eua Thii Lan ndi gian trinh biy tdm t i t nhflng ebinb sich chung v i cdng ddng ngfldi Hoa ndi rieng?. do trong cic thdi ky trfldc v i sau mde thdi Cd gi khie biet gifla ebinb sach ddi vdi gian da dfldc gidi ban.
ngfldi Hoa cua Thii Lan so vdi rapt sd Nhfl phin t r i n da de cap. Thai Lan l i nfldc khac trong khu vflc v.v. Day l i rapt nfldc tdn tai kha thanh binh so vdi cac nhflng vi'n di d i t ra thu hut sfl quan tam qud'c gia khac trong khu vflc, loai trfl sfl cua chung tdi. Tuy nhien, trong pham vi thdng tri cua Mien Dien trong mot thdi rapt bii tap chi, ngfldi viet khong cd tham gian khdng lau (1759-1767) va mot sdlln vpng giai quylt h i t rapi vi'n d l raa chi ed gay hi'n vdi cac nfldc ling gilng Viet Nam t h i t i p trung rapt sd net cbinb trong v i Carapuehia. Kl tfl dd v l sau, raac du
* Chau Thi Hai, nguyen can bp Vien Nghien cflu Dong Nam A
Chdu Thi Hdi Nhin lai chinh sdch ciia Thai Lan ddi vdi ngUcfi Hoa... 11
h i u bet cic nfldc trong khu viic l i n Ifldt bj rapt vi tri quan trpng trong n i n kinb te cic the Iiic tU ban phUdng Tay thd'ng tri T h i i . Nhd dd p h i n ddng trong cic t b i be nhUng T h i i Lan v i n tdn tai trong n i n dde eira quyin d T h i i ed cieh nhin Uu i i hdn l i p tUdng ddi eua rainh. Bdl canh lich sfl vdi cdng ddng d i n cfl n i y so vdi rapt sd' dd da tao ra n h i l u ldi the cho T h i i Lan: nUde k h i e trong khu vflc. Hdn t b i , 95%
l)Nhd mdi trfldng h o i binh v i dn djnh, d i n sd cua T h i i theo dao P h i t trflng hdp T h i i Lan d i trd t h i n h mdt thj trfldng hi'p vdi tin ngudng m i ngudi Hoa tdn sung d i d i n thu h u t ngudn vd'n tU ban cua cic tao ra mdt khdng khi dn hda gifla ben til'p nfldc phfldng Tay dd v i o nhfl Anh, P h i p , nhin-edng ddng ngUdi T h i i ban dja v i H i Lan, Bd D i o Nha,...2)Khi ngudn tU b i n dUde t i l p nhin-edng ddng ngUdi Hoa ban do v i o T h i i Lan n g i y e i n g nhieu thi di eU. Tuy nhien, sii n h i n thfle v i chinh ty II t h u i n vdi nd I i q u i trinh dd tbi h o i s i c h eua nhflng n h i cam quyin T h i i Lan eung n g i y c i n g nhanh, nhu e l u v l ngudn cung khdng h o i n t o i n thd'ng nhi't m i lien n h a n liie eho q u i trinh n i y eung trd n i n tue ed sU dilu ebinb d l phfl hdp vdi tinh ci'p thiet, nhflng dan efl ban dja lai khdng hinh kinh t l - x i hdi chinh trj v i mdi cd kha nang dap flng dfldc nhu c l u dd vi quan he gifla Trung Qud'c v i T h i i Lan vd'n nganh n g h i t r u y i n thd'ng eua hp l i qua cic thdi ky Ijch sfl cu t h i .
ndng nghiep v i cdng chflc. D i e trflng n i y
da tao ra rapt "khoang trd'ng" v l boat dpng H. N H I N LAI CHINH SACH CUA THAI ngoai thfldng v i ndi thUdng. Bdl canh Ijeh LAN DOI V 6 l NGU*6l HOA QUA CAC sfl v i d i e trUng xa hdi dd da dera lai cho T H O I KY LICH S U
ngudi Hoa ba ldi t h i : l)NgUdi Hoa-radt ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ . j ^ . . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ j ^ ^^^ g . ^ . ^ j ^ ^ j ^ ^ . cpng ddng di eU ehu yl'u tfl eie tinh ven
b i i n nam Trung Hoa vd'n cd t r u y i n thd'ng Thdi ky Ayuthaya (1350-1767):
trong hoat ddng thfldng raai ed kha n i n g Ayuthaya hinh t h i n h v i p h i t t r i l n trong
"li'p" dfldc chd trd'ng thfldng raai d eac thdi ky h o i n g kira eua thfldng raai Chau vung dd thi mdi hinh t h i n h cua Thii; A. Vdi vi t h i cua rainh, Ayuthaya trd 2)Dfla v i o nhflng d i e tinh cdng ddng v l t h i n h rapt thfldng cang trung chuyin rhdl Uin k i t ngdn ngfl, v i n h o i , phong tue h i n g h o i quan trpng khdng ehi ddi vdi tap q u i n ed tinh xuyen qude gia n i n hp ed T h i i Lan m i cdn ddi vdi ea he thd'ng kha n i n g ddng vai trd radi gidi gifla cic thfldng raai eua khu viie. Vi viy, quan he the Ifle tfl ban dang boat ddng t r i n thi budn b i n cua T h i i Lan vdi Trung Qud'c trfldng Thai Lan vdi nhau va gifla thi trong thdi ky n i y p h i t trien k h i raanh, trfldng Thai Lan. vdi cac thi trfldng khac ngfldi Hoa da cd cd hdi p h i t huy vai trd trong khu vflc va ngoai khu vflc; 3) Vdi kha boat ddng budn ban v i radi gidi cua rainh.
nang boat dpng thfldng mai cd b i l u qua v i Cic the he e l m q u y i n trong thdi vai trd mdi gidi n a n g dpng cua minh, cpng Ayuthaya cung n h i n thfle dfldc vai trd do ddng ngfldi Hoa T h i i Lan n g i y e i n g gifl cua ngfldi Hoa n i n da sfl dung hp nhfl rapt
12 Nghien ciru Ddng Nam A 10/2011 Iflc Ifldng ehu yl'u cho s^t phit triln ndi i n cd ed sd tdn tai vflng chic, hp sdt sing thfldng vi ngo^i thfldng cua di't nfldc. hoic l i thilt lip quan h i "cpng sinh" vdi Dfldi thdi thdi Phya Tak Sin ( 1767- ^ua" ^bfle chfnh phil, hoic tim each raua 1782), nin kinh t l thfldng nghidp ciia chflc tfldc trong bp may ehlnh quyln-mpt Thai Lan da dflc?c khdi sic. Quan hd budn t i n g ldp quy tOc ngfldi Thai g6b Hoa din ban gifla Thai Lan v i Trung Qudc phat din hinh thinh. Ting ldp n i y ngiy cing triln k h i raanh, nhilu trung t i m budn cd tilng ndi quan trpng v i chilm dfl^
bin, cdng Xfldng thu cdng ra ddi. Mdt ^^iem tin ciia n h i elm quyin Thai Lan phin do quan nilm v l each Ifla chpn thdi bi'y gid. Dilu niy dfl<?c t h i hien trong nginh ngbl v i it cd kha ning trong boat cbinb sach eua chfnh phu Thai Lan, dpng budn bin nin ngfldi Thai ban dia khdng nhflng khdng tira eich ban chi khing dip flng du ngudn nhin Iflc cho sfl nhflng boat ddng kinh te ciia ngfldi Hoa phat triln niy. Mit khac, ngfldi Hoa vd'n m i cdn giao ludn cdng vi^c thu t h u i ngoai cd truyin thdng boat dpng budn ban td ra thfldng cho hp. Vi the, tfl d i u th^ ky XDC cd kha ning dip flng sfl phit triln ciia trd di ngfldi Hoa da kilm soat nginh boat nin kinh t l Thii Lan luc dd. Vi the, n h i dpng ngoai thfldng ciia nfldc niy, mie dii cira quyin Thii Lan d i chu y dl'n Iflc dan sd cua hp liic dd chi chiem 1% trong Ifldng ngfldi Hoa khdng chi cd ngfldi Hoa tdng sd dan cua ca nfldc.
trong nfldc m i cdn tao rapi dilu kiln Tfl gifla the ky XIX, mie du Thai Lan thuin Idi dl thu hut Iflc Ifldng ngfldi khdng hi cac the Iflc tfl ban phfldng Tiy Trung Hoa nhip cfl. Cung chinh trong thd'ng tri trflc tiep nhfl b mot sd nfldc khac thdi ky Phya Tak Sin n i m quyin, die biit trong khu vi^c, nhflng thi trfldng niy lai bi dfldi triiu dai Chakri (Rama I 1782-1809) cic t h i Iflc tfl ban phfldng Tay chia nhau ngfldi Hoa d at di cfl dl'n Thii Lan v i lip lpi fch. Trfldc sflc Ip ciia mot s^ nfldc, nin nhilu phd ehd ddng due, dien hinh l i cbinb phil Thai Lan bupc phai ky cac hilp phd chd ngfldi Hoa d Sampheng sau niy dinh bi't binh ding v l doc quyin budn ban da trd thinh mpt trong nhflng phd chinh i^ia gao vdi ngfldi Bd Dio Nha n i m 1516, cua Bangkok ngiy nay. vdi H i Lan n i m 1592 v i b chflng mflc nio
Vdi flu t h i dd, ngfldi Hoa nhanh chdng dd ngfldi Anh 1826 va ngfldi My 1833 trd thinh mpt Iflc Ifldng kinh te quan kiem soat ludn ca quyin ngoai giao va trpng, die biet l i trong linh vflc boat dpng quyen tfl do thfldng mai. Mdi mdt nfldc co npi v i ngoai thfldng. Hp lip nen cac hoi each khai thac thi trfldng khac nhau va budn nhd d l canh tranh vdi cac t h i l\lc tfl phan anh kha diy du die thfl ciia ho. Nlu ban phfldng Tiy. Hp t i p trung vdn diu tfl nfldc nio coi trong hinh thfle boat dong vio cac linh vflc kinh doanh dii hdi nhfl cho vay li'y lai nhfl tfl ban Phap tM cac lip xfldng, t i u rudng, lap ddn diin, td hinh thfle khai thac thi trfldng ciia ho chflc thu raua cac khoang san, ndng san cung diin ra nhd gipt va elm chflng, li'y dl xui't khiu. Dl dam bao cdng viec lim nhflng ngudn Idi nhd trfldc m i t lim muc
Chdu Thi Hdi Nhin lai chinh sdch ciia Thai Lan ddi vdi ngUdi Hoa... 13 dieh v i nhflng quy dinh cua hp ddi vdi quan ly di't dai. Nhflng trin thfle t l so'
ngfldi Hoa eung phan anh k h i r5 tinh Ifldng ngfldi Hoa boat dpng trong linh vflc chi't i'y. Ngfldc lai, nlu nfldc nio li'y hinh ndng nghiep chilm ty 11 ri't thi'p nen thfle khai thac lau dii lira rauc dicb v i khdng anh hfldng Idn dl'n hp so vdi dilu chu trpng vi'n d l trfldng vd'n lira trpng khoan; 2)Qud'e hflu hoi vi§e thu raua thde tara nhu tU ban Anh se sdra nhin thfle gao, nghia l i giao quyIn thu mua thde gao dUde vai trd kinh t l cua ngUdi Hoa v i sfl cho n h i nUde quan ly trin pham vi toin dung hp nhu mdt Ifle Ifldng mdi gidi gifla qude bd qua khiu trung gian (khiu trung cic t h i liie tu ban ngoai qude vdi nhau vi gian hiu b i t nim trong tay ngUdi Hoa)..
gifla tfl ban ngoai qudc v i tu ban ban dia. K l hoach niy d i bi rapt nhin vit trong Nhflng sii khie nhau trong nhin thfle eua ebinb phu Thii phan ddi. 6ng niy (Phya tflng nfldc tfl ban phfldng Tay riing le d i Mano) cho ring khdng nin v i khdng t h i d i n dl'n rapt sfl canh tranh quylt lilt xoi bd dia vi kinh t l eua ngudi Hoa nlu nhara thu hut Iflc Ifldng ngfldi Hoa eho thfle sii mud'n vflc nin kinh t l eua Thai qui trinh khai thie tbi trfldng eua hp. thoit khdi tinh trang ehung eua cude Nhung eung ehlnh sfl canh tranh niy d i khung hoang kinh t l t h i gidi 1929-1933.
tao dilu kiln eho ngfldi Hoa ed ed hdi phit T)l dung hda cic quan dilm trong ebinb huy vai trd mdi gidi cua minh. Hp y thfle pbu, cudi cung vile thu raua thde gao dfldc dfldc tam quan trpng eua hp trong vai trd thfle hien trin cd sd cdng tfl hdp doanh radi gidi v i li'y dd lira dieu kiln raie ea giiia n h i nfldc v i ngfldi Hoa. Nhflng ngfldi vdi eae the Iflc tfl ban nio raud'n sfl dung Hoa vin phan ddi cbinb sich cdng tfl hdp hp. Day l i ed hpi td't eho ngfldi Hoa vUdn doanh niy rai chi ung hd cho xu hudng len lira giiu v i din dan li'n i t ca vi tri tU nhan hda v i keu gpi giam t h u i trong kinh te eua ngUdi Thii ban dia. Dilu niy cic boat ddng kinh doanh.
khd ed t h i chap n h i n khdng ehi ddi vdi Mac du k l hoach kinh te mdi eua ting Idp dan cfl nguyen tru m i ngay ea Pradist mud'n chuyin cic linh vflc cdng nhflng ngfldi cam quyin b Thai vdn v i n cd nghe, thfldng nghiip v i nhflng nghi thu nhflng chinh sach cdi rad khi dfla ra cong tfl tay ngfldi Hoa sang ngfldi Thai nhflng quy dinh ddi vdi ngfldi Hoa. Trfldc khdng dfldc Qud'c hpi chi'p nhin nhflng nd tinh hinh niy bupc chinh phu Thii Lan vin tilra I n trong y thfle eua nhflng ngfldi phai cd biin phap kilra ehl'the Ifle kinh t l elm quyin Thii Lan sau niy. Sau khi eua ngoai kilu ndi ehung v i ngfldi Hoa ndi Pradist dfldc efl lim Bp trfldng Bp t i i riing. Thing 3-1933, Luang Pradist d i cbinb nim 1939, dng vin tira cieh thfle ban h i n h mdt k l hoach kinh t l mdi trong hien nhflng y tfldng eua minh trfldc day dd cd 2 dilu khoan quan trpng: 1) Chinh nhim kilm c h i vai trd kinh t l cua ngUdi phii se bd tiin ra mua bdt rudng di't cua Hoa. Vdi cfldng vi radi, Pradist da ban ndng dan, Mue dich cua dilu khoan nay l i hinh rapt loat thdng tfl ci'm ngfldi ngoai nhim han e h l vai trd cua ngfldi Hoa trong qudc khdng dfldc b i n hing rong. Nhflng
14 Nghien citu Ddng Nam A 10/2011 phin ddng nhflng ngfldi ngoai kilu boat NiyonC-^). Nim nguyin tie niy thfle chi't li dpng trong Unh vi^e niy l i ngfldi Hoa. Si^ nhim kilm c h i ngfldi Hoa v i nang eao vai thich nghi vdi rapi hoin canh v i mpi dilu trd kinh t l eua ngfldi Thii. Nhflng trin kiln de sinh tdn l i mdt d^c trflng v i cung tbi;tc tl, ngfldi Hoa v i n tim each lich qua l i radt kinb nghiira tilra t i n g eiia ngfldi cac thu tyc quy dinh cua ehlnh phil de tilp Hoa, nin trong rapi tinh hud'ng phai ddi tyc khing djnh vj trf ciia minh. Neu chinh phd vdi cic ehlnh sach ciia cbinb phu sd phu stt dyng cac biin phap nhim ci'm tai, hp ed nhflng kinh nghidm xoay chuyin doan mpt sd boat dpng kinb doanh ddi vdi tinh t h i k h i linh boat. Nlu chfnh phil ngoai kilu, Hoa kilu se lap tflc xin gia ban chi quyin sd hflu di't dai, hp tim each nhip qud'c tjch Thai. Nlu cbinb phu ban bd vd'n vio eie nginb ngbl kinb doanh che mpt sd nginh nghe ddi vdi nhflng khac. Nlu cbinb phu eim ban bing rong, ngfldi Thii gd'c Hoa (khi hp da gia nhip hp lip tflc quay sang hinh thfle budn bin qudc tich) v i flu tien d i n h eho ngfldi Thai t i p trung. Sfl ning dpng dd d i giflp hp ban dia, ngfldi Hoa lip tflc thay ten ddi hp, thoit khdi bi't ky nhflng quy dinh nio cua hoic tim dl'n con dfldng hdn nhan ngoai cbinb phu dl til'p tue gifl vflng vai trd tde, li'y danh nghia ngfldi chdng hoic kinh t l v i til'p tue gdp phin giup Thii ngfldi vd d l ed du tfl each phap ly trong Lan Vfldt qua edn khung hoang kinh t l hoat ddng kinh doanh. Mot dieu dang bin 1929-1933. b day l i dfl ngfldi Hoa da gia nhip quoc Thoit khdi sfl khung hoang kinh t l tich ban dia hay da thay ten ddi hp, nhflng toin clu nim 1933, chinh phu Thii Lan mpt khi hp chfla thfle sfl n h i n ddng xi hpi raud'n thoit khdi sfl le thude vio cic Thii thi bp cflng cd the thdng qua he ngudn tfl ban phfldng Tay de cd rapt nin thd'ng hp hing de dfla vd'n v l Trung Qudc kinh tl' doc lap, die biet Ii trong cac Unh ''^^ng each chuyin tien qua dfldng Hdng vflc cdng nghiep nhfl p h i t triln n h i raay Kdng hoic mpt ndi nao dd cd thi.
gii'y, xi nghiep san xui't thudc la, n h i Nhfl vay, mie dfl c6 nhflng thay ddi may det td, n h i may san xui't dd hop, nha trong chinh sach ciia chinh phil Thai Lan may xi ming, n h i miy ein thip, n h i raay qua cac thdi ky elm quyen khac nhau Ipc diu ... Trong ti't ca nhflng n h i raiy trfldc khi Dai chien the gidi thfl hai bung niy chi ed n h i miy Ipe diu l i vdn cua tu nd - khi m i quan he gifla Thai Lan vi ban Anh, edn dai bp p h i n Ii vdn cua ngfldi Trung Qudic dang con n i m trong pham vi Hoa dfldi hinh thfle hdp doanh. Dfl l i cdng quan h^ budn ban ddn t h u i n chfla hi cae y tfl hdp doanh nhflng tren thfle te, ngfldi thfle h^ ehlnh tri chi phdi, nhin chung ho Hoa van cd vai trd li'n at ngfldi Thai. D l da n h i n thfle dfldc vai tro quan trpng ciia kiem che tinh trang nay lai mdt l i n nfla ngfldi Hoa trong sfl phat triln cua dit chinh phu Thai phai thfle hien mot chien nfldc. Nhflng n h i n thfle nay se thay ddi dich keu gpi ngfldi Thai dung hang ngfldi khi Chien tranh the gidi thfl hai bung nd, Thai theo nim nguyen tic gpi la Ratha sau khi Chil'n tranh k i t thuc, die biet la
Chdu Thi Hdi Nhin lai chinh sdch ciia Thdi Lan ddi vdi ngUdi Hoa. 15
tfl khi nfldc Cdng hda N h i n dan Trung Hoa ra ddi t h i n g 10 n i m 1949.
2. T r o n g c h i l ' n t r a n h t h e g i d i thuf h a i Trong Chil'n t r a n h t h i gidi l i n thfl hai, khi N h i t d i n h xud'ng Ddng Nam A, T h i i Lan d v i o rapt vi t r i k h i e b i n . N g i y 21/12/1941, rapt hidp fldc ddng rainh dfldc ky k i t gifla N h i t v i Thai Lan. Trong khi dd Trung Qude lai dflng v l phe ddng minh Anh, My chd'ng N h i t nen gifla T h i i v i Trung Qud'c thfle chi't l i d v i o bai ehiln t u y I n ddi nghich nhau. Thai dp cua cbinb phu T h i i ddi vdi ngfldi Hoa phu thude v i o t h i i dp ebinb tri n i y v i ed sfl thay ddi so vdi trfldc day. N l u nhfl trfldc day, d chiing mflc n i o dd, ngfldi Hoa dfldc flu i i cho phep boat ddng trong n h i l u n g i n h nghe tbi sau khi hiep dinh ddng rainh dUde ky k i t gifla T h i i v i N h i t v i t h i i dp phan flng eua Trung Quoc trong sfl vile n i y thi l i p tflc cbinb phu T h i i Lan d i thay ddi ehlnh sach ddi vdi hp. N g i y 19-6 n i r a 1942, chinh phu T h i i Lan d i ra rapt nghj dinh Uit k l 27 n g a n h n g b l eira sfl boat dpng eua ngfldi Hoa m i ehi d i n h riing cho ngfldi T h i i (ke ca nhflng n g b l binh dan nhi't l i c i t tde v i l i r a gaeh). Ngay gidi ban thdi gian, de chuyin ddi n g i n h nghe ddi vdi ngfldi Hoa eung dfldc quy dinh kha n g i t ngheo: n l u eae t h i n h p h i n ngoai kieu k h i e dfldc gidi b a n tfl 90 n g i y thara ehl mpt n i m de ehuyen ddi cic n g i n h n g h i boat ddng thi ddi vdi ngfldi Hoa sfl chuyin ddi n i y phai thfle hien ngay l i p tflc. Khdng nhflng t h i , trong linh vflc thue efl t r u ddi vdi ngfldi Hoa eung tang vpt. N l u trfldc day t h u i dinh efl eua
moi ngfldi ehi ed 4 bat sau khi nghi djnh dfldc ban h i n h l i p tflc t i n g l i n 10 bat.
T b I l l n h i p qud'c tich ddi vdi Hoa kilu eung k b i t khe hdn. Vi du Hoa kilu raud'n n h i p qud'c tjch T h i i phai d v i o dp tudi tfl 50 trd l i n rai phai l i ngUdi d i tflng phuc vu trong quan dpi hole ed mdt chflc vu gi k h i e eua n h i nfldc. Nhflng ngfldi xin n h i p qud'c tjch dfldi 50 tudi hay it hdn phai bil't ndi thao t i l n g T h i i ; ngfldi dfldi 30 tudi bat bude phai bil't dpe v i bil't viit t h i n h thao tilng Thii,... Hdn t b i nfla, trong cflng rapt nira, chinh phu Phibun Songbrara ( t h i n N h i t ) ban h i n h rapt sic l l n h ci'm ngfldi Hoa tfl do di lai. Di tfl tinh n i y qua tinh k h i e phai ed gii'y p h i p , ci'ra ngUdi Hoa efl t r u d rapt so' vflng v i thi xa eua Thai Lan.
Trong linh vflc giao due, ebinb phu Thai Lan eung ban h i n h s i c l l n h b i i bd quy dinh thfle hien 5 t i l t hpc t i l n g Hoa radi t u i n d ti't ea eie trfldng hpc (quy djnh n i y ed tfl thdi Pradish). Khdng nhflng t h i , cbinb phu T h i i Lan cdn ban b i n h sic l l n h ddng efla 50 trfldng hpc eua ngfldi Hoa v i giai t i n ti't ea eie td chflc cbinb tri eua ngfldi Hoa ke ea eie td chflc Qud'c d i n Dang khdng phan biet eua Tudng Gidi Thach hay eua Uong Tinh VI. Thara ehl d Bangkok edn ed rapt v i i nhdra ngfldi T h i i theo ehu nghia dan toe eiie doan dfldc N h i t trang bi vu khi cdng khai chd'ng lai ngfldi Hoa.
Tdm lai, trong thdi ky Chil'n tranh t b i gidi thfl bai, chinh phu Pbibul Songkhram l i mpt chinh phu than N h i t nen quan he gifla T h i i v i Trung Qud'c cung trd nen c i n g thang, ebinb sach cua cbinb phu Thai ddi vdi ngfldi Hoa trong thdi gian n i y
16 Nghien citu Ddng Nam A 10/2011 vi viy eung trd nen k b i t khe bdn. Cd t b i Kbinh eua Tfldng Gidi Thach. Nhflng coi day l i thdi ky khd k h i n nhi't eiia cpng tinh binh Trung Qud'c Iflc bi'y gid khdng ddng ngfldi Hoa d Thii k l tfl khi hp dit thuin l<?i eho ddi sd'ng eua ngfldi Hoa b chin dl'n di't nfldc niy eho dl'n khi Chiln Thii Lan. Mdt mit, sau Chil'n tranh nin tranh t h i gidi thfl hai kit thuc. kinb t l Thai Lan rdi vio tinh trang chung eiia t h i gidi bj cude Dai ehiln t h i gidi thfl 3. Sau Chien tranh the gidi thui hai j^^j j ^ ^ ^.^^ j^j^t ^^^ j ^ i t khac, gifla
Thing 9 nira 1945, ehiln tranh t h i Trung Qude v i Thii tuy ed hiep fldc hflu gidi thfl hai k i t thfle, Nhit diu hing, ngh; dfl0c ky k i t t h i n g 6 nira 1946, vi quin ddng rainh klo vio Bangkok, chinh cbinb phii Thii cd nhflng dilu ebinb trong phu thin Nhit Pbibul Songkhrara bj ba cbinb sich ddi vdi ngfldi Hoa b diy, nhflng bl. Chinh phu Trflng Kbinh eua Tfldng ban t h i n ngfldi Hoa 6 Thii khdng di theo Gidi Thach d i bupc ehlnh phu Thii Lan "^dt xu hfldng ehlnh tri ddng nhi't. Da Ifle dd dfldi quyin eua Seni Praraoj ky kit Ph^n trong so bp di theo dfldng ldi ehlnh rapt ban hiep fldc dfldi tin gpi "Hiep fldc trj eua Tfldng Gidi Thach , ung hd Quoc hflu nghi Hoa-Xiira (ngiy 23-1-1946) v i din Dang. Cung ed mpt sd boat ddng bf dUde phi chuan d Nam Kinh ngiy 28-3- mat ung hp phong trio Cdng san. NhUng 1946. Hiep fldc dfldc thoa thuin vdi nhilu vdi thii dp bi't hdp tic vdi che dp Cpng san dilu khoan quy djnh vl radi quan he gifla vi vdi tinh t h i n canh giic cao, ehlnh phii hai nfldc, trong dd cd 4 dilu liln quan dl'n Thii (ddi tin tfl Xilm sang Thai thing 5- viee quan ly Hoa kilu: l)Hoa kilu d Thii 1946) coi ti't ea ngfldi Hoa nim trong dfldc hfldng diy du l u i t phip qude tl; pham vi cfldng tda ciia nhflng ngfldi Cong 2)Nhflng quy dinh tfl do xui't nhip canh san Trung Hoa. Vi the, sau Hiep dinh ky eua Hoa kilu; 3)Quy dinh Hoa kilu dfldc kit nira 1946 khdng lau, chinh phii Thai bao vl t i i san v i tinh mang; 4)Hoa kilu Lan ban h i n h quy dinh ci'm ti't ea nhflng dfldc tham gia mpi boat ddng trong cdng ngfldi Hoa sinh sd'ng tren di't Thai Lan nghiip, ndng nghiip, v i thfldng nghiep. khdng dfldc tham gia bi't ky td chflc dang Sau hiep fldc niy, ebinb phu eiia P^^^ ""^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ng san lin Qulb dan Praraoj bupc phai dilu cbinb ebinb sich ^ ^ " 8 - '^^^^ ^^"^ "^y chi tdn tai dl'n khi ddi vdi ngfldi Hoa. Vile diu tiin l i buy bd " ^ ^ ^^ng hoi Nhan d i n Trung Hoa quy dinh ci'ra ngfldi Hoa boat dpng trong ^^^"^ ^^P ^^^^ l^^^-
27 nginh ngbl khac nhau, bd quy dinh
4. TU khi Cong hoa Nhan dan Trung Hoa thanh lap den thap nien 60 ciia t h e k y XX
n h i nfldc dde quyin thu mua lua gao ma chinh phu than Nhit Pbibul Songkhram quy dinh trong thdi ky Nhit chilm ddng.
Tuy cd mpt sd dieu chinh k h i cdi md ddi Sau khi nfldc Cong hoi Nhan dan vdi ngfldi Hoa sau khi chiln tranh k i t Trung Hoa dfldc t h i n h lip 10-1949, rdi thue vi dfldi sflc ep eua cbinb phu Trflng My nhay vio Thii Lan n i m 1950 b i
Chdu Thi Hdi Nhin lai chinh sdch eiia Thai Lan ddi vdi ngUdi Hoa... 17
b i i n p h i p vien trd quan sfl v i kinh t l khang dinh vi tri eua ngfldi Hoa trong q u i thdng qua sfl thoa t h u i n cua ngfldi Anh - trinh p h i t t r i l n eua T h i i Lan, Pbibul vd'n da ed rapt thdi gian ehi phdl boat ddng n h i n thfle dfldc r i n g : dfl xu hfldng cbinb ngoai thfldng eua nfldc n i y , ngfldi My trj gi hay dang phai n i o eung khdng raiy nghiim nhien trd t h i n h ban eua T h i i . quan trpng ddi vdi bp. Cii lira eho ngfldi Dfldi sfl ehi phdl eua My, Pbibul Hoa t r i n trd l i vile l i m i n eua hp ed Songkhrara dflde tra tfl do v i dfldc phue nhflng trd ngai gi? Lira the n i o d l vfldt chflc. Vd'n l i rapt ngfldi ri't g h i t Hoa kilu qua trd ngai dd v i tilp tuc k h i n g dinh vi v i sd Cdng san, vile My n i m dflde Pbibul tri kinb t l eua hp trong x i bdi ban dia ra d i dua den k i t qua l i T h i i dflng ban v l sao? Vi t h i , ddi vdi ngfldi Hoa khdng t b i phla My trong eudc di'u tranh d Liln Hdp dung bien p h i p cbinb trj m i phai dflng Qud'c v l eupe ehiln t r a n h Triiu Tiin v i bien p h i p kinb te. Xui't p h i t tfl n h i n thfle eupe ehien Ddng Dfldng. Than My v i gh6t dd, nhflng bien p h i p ci'm doin v l kinh t l Cdng san dfldng n h i i n sfl dilu chinh cbinb lai dfldc cbinb phu T h i i til'p tue i p dung:
s i c h eua ehlnh p h u T h i i trong thdi ky n i y ci'ra khai t h i e rflng, ci'ra san xui't v i p h i n se khdng ed ldi eho ngUdi Hoa. TrUde h i t , pbdl than, khdng dUde b i n nude d i , md ehlnh phu ed nhflng quy dinh n b i r a kilra n h i in, lira thd xl'p chfl T h i i , l i i taxi, l i i soat ngudn t i i ehlnh eua Hoa kilu. Ti't ca xe buyt, lira thd cao, lira mudi, lira ndng sd t i i n Hoa k i l u g& v l Trung Qudc thdng nghiep. Tren thfle t l , ebinb s i c h n i y cung qua con dfldng Hdng Kdng nhfl vdn hp v i n gay khd k h i n eho ngfldi Hoa nhflng anh l i r a trfldc day phai qua sfl k i l m duyet cua bfldng d i n ddi sdng kinh te eua hp khdng ngan h i n g Thai k l tfl t b i n g 12-1951. d i n g k l . Vi nhfl d i phan tich t r i n diy, Thue cfl t r u cua Hoa k i l u eung t i n g Iln: ngfldi Hoa ed radt kinh ngbiera xoay tfl 4 bat n i r a 1939 len 20 bat n i r a 1951 v i chuyin tinh t h i k h i Unh boat rapt khi bi t i n g vpt len 400 bat n i r a 1952. Ngfldi Hoa cic quy dinh eua ebinb phu nude ban dia da di'u t r a n h q u y l t liet phan ddi sii t i n g can loi.
t h u i mdt each bi't hdp ly n i y nhUng cudi Ndi tdra lai, ehlnh s i c h T h i i h o i n i n eiing cflng chiu rapt mflc t h u i gi'p 50 I l n kinh t l ra ddi trong nhflng n i m 30 eua t h i so vdi nam 1939 l i phai tra 200 bat. Tuy ky XX dflde p h i t t r i l n manh rae trong thdi nhiin, ngfldi Hoa b Thai cung nhfl b n h i l u ky ehlnh p h u t h i n N h i t Phibul nfldc Ddng Nam A khac trong thdi ky n i y Songkhrara n i m quyin lai dflde eung ed' chia t h a n h hai xu hfldng chinh tri ro n i t : sau khi nfldc Cpng h o i Nhan dan Trung mpt than Cpng san, xu hfldng kia than Hoa ra ddi. Tuy nhiin, nhflng bien phap My. Ti't nhien, trong chinh sach cua chinh n g i n ngfla, ci'ra doin nhflng boat ddng phu T h i i cung cd sfl phan biet ddi xtt theo kinh t l cua ngfldi Hoa thdng qua chinh hai xu hfldng chinh tri n i y , Chinh phu sich T h i i h o i n i n kinh t l it raang lai b i l u Phibul tim each ngan c h i n a n h hfldng cua qua eho p h i t t r i l n di't nfldc. Vi ddi vdi Cpng san. Nhflng qua thfle t l ' di'u t r a n h ngfldi Hoa-mpt cpng ddng ngfldi cd kinh
18 Nghien citu Ddng Nam A 10/2011 nghiem lieh l u | t dieu luy^n thi khdng ed dfla dl'n kit eye l i lira cho ngudn Ifle kinh rapt quy djnh nio ed t b i can d\i(}c nhflng t l cua hp ndi ri§ng v i sfl p h i t trien kinh thu thuit bil'n hda eiia hp. Vi thi, cbinb t l di't nfldc ndi chung hi sut kim. Tfl sich niy khdng mi'y hi^u qua nlu d i t ra nhflng bii hpc kinh nghiem niy, chinh rauc dieh kilra e h l sfl boat ddng cua ngfldi phu Thai Lan da n h i n thfle dflde ring Hoa, rai ngfldc lai, nd da p h i vd sfl vin mud'n ting cfldng vai trd canh tranh eua binh bing hoi v i gii trj thing dfl eiia nin ngfldi ban dja, din din dfla thinh phin kinh t l ndng nghiip, thu hep thi trfldng kinh t l niy thay the vai trd kinh td ngfldi ndi dja. Vi rapt rait eie xf nghidp kinh Hoa, khdng ed eich nio tdt hdn l i ting doanh eua ngfldi Hoa d i dinh binh v i k h i cfldng hdp tie vdi hp v i dflng bien phap phat triln d rapt sd linh vflc, boat ddng cd quan ly chit che di kilm soat kinb t l ddi bilu qua hdn ngfldi ban dia v i bo^t ding vdi bp rapt each trflc til^p. Cach quan ly td't hdn d nhflng Unh vflc bupc hp phai niy chi cd bilu qua khi ngfldi Hoa tfl chuyin ddi; trong khi dd, ngfldi ban dia khi nguyin thara gia v i tfl nguyen chuyen tilp thu nhflng nginh ngbl do ngfldi Hoa giao kinh nghiem ciia ho cho ngfldi Thai chuyin giao lai thieu kinh nghidm lira ban dia. Nhflng chuyin biin trong nhin eho ning sui't, hieu qua v i khdi Ifldng san thfle niy cung dfla tren cd sd ciia kit qua phara tdng t h i eua nin kinh t l hi sut giara nghien cflu ciia cac n h i khoa hpc thuoc bo rapt each ro ret. Mat khie, sfl ci'm doin phin nghiin cflu khoa hpc xa hdi cua Vien khdng nhflng lira giam di ngudn vdn tich Hin lam Qudc gia v i Hpi ddng die biet ve luy de t i i san xui't diu tfl phit triln, d vi'n di ngfldi Hoa eua Thai<3) de trinh len ehiftig mflc tdi t l hdn, thdng qua he thd'ng cbinb phu nira 1973. Ban kil'n nghi dfldc quan he hp hing hay he thd'ng kinb doanh phdl hdp gifla hai bp phin dd da dfla ra mang, ngudn vd'n eiia ngfldi Hoa cd t h i nhflng npi dung cu thi: xae dinh ro ring chay v l Trung Qud'c hay di mpt ndi nio do v l tfl each phap nhan ciia tflng thanh viin ngoii lanh thd Thai Lan. Tfl thfle te do da trong cdng ddng Hoa kieu v i ngfldi Hoa^.
lim thay ddi nh^n thfle phin nio trong Cin cfl vio sfl xic dinh niy, nhflng ngflcli gidi lanh dao Thai Lan trong vi^c dilu ^ a n g quob tich Thai va con chau hp sinh cbinb chinh sich doi vdi ngfldi Hoa d cae ^^ v i Idn Iln tren di't Thii dflde doi x^
giai doan til'p theo sau niy. cong bing nhfl cong dan ban dia. Vi mot p m »^ 1- r. - /.«, J.«' ., « . ~ «« khi da cd sfl cdng b i n g trong tfl each phip
5. Tfl nhifng n a m 60 d e n t h a p n i e n 80 ^^ , ^ \ , , v . ' ...1-«-1 ' -tnr ' nhan thi chinh phu can cd nhflng biin
cua t h e ky XX ^ phap thfle thi de thfle hi^n quyen binh
Nhflng gi da xay ra do chinh sach Thai ding trong linh vflc boat dong kinh te-xa hoa nin kinh te da giup cho gidi lanh dao hoi v i chinh tri. Quyin binh ding nay chi Thai lan rut ra dfldc nhieu b i i hoc kinh thfle hiin dfldc khi cbinb phu chu dong de nghiim quy bau. Sfl ci'm doan va ban chl^ ra cac phfldng an hdp t i e gifla hai thanh nhflng boat dpng kinh te ciia ngfldi Hoa se phan dan cfl nay, giup hp bilu biit nhau;
Chdu Thi Hdi Nhin lai chinh sdch ciia Thdi Lan ddi vdi ngUdi Hoa... 19
coi ngfldi Hoa n b u ngudi ban dia; v i dUdng n h i i n phai cd-ibien p h i p n i n g dd ngUdi T h i i vUdn lliafccbi^ plinb rapt sd linh vflc kinh t l m i tirfldc d i y do ngfldi Hoa dpe quyen. Cd nhfl v i y mdi binh dn dflde x i hdi v i huy ddng ngudn Ifle ciia ngfldi Hoa eho sfl p h i t t r i l n kinh te eua di't nUdc. Nhflng ebinb s i c h T h i i h o i n i n kinh t l , b a n e h l ci'ra d o i n ngfldi Hoa...trfldc day ehi lira nay sinh tinh trang ngfldi Hoa tira eich ddi phd. Sfl giing eo gifla eie quy dinh eua cbinb phu T h i i v i eie giai p h i p tinh t h i ddi phd eua Hoa k i l u d l bao tdn ngudn vd'n cua bp d i keo d i i trong n h i l u t h i p ky, giy bi't dn eho x i hdi eho dl'n khi cbinb phu ban h i n h dfldc ehlnh s i c h k h u y i n khich hdp t i c gifla cae t h i n h p h i n kinh te trong x i hpi v i ed ci'u lai nganh n g b l trong nhflng t h i p n i l n 70, 80. K i t qua eua sfl dilu cbinb n i y da tao ra sfl p h i t trien binh dn cua n i n kinh t l T h i i Lan trong sudt t h i p nien 90 eua the ky XX.
m. VAI NHAN XET THAY Ldi KET
Chung ta vfla dilra qua cbinb s i c h ddi vdi ngfldi Hoa eua T h i i Lan qua eie thdi ky lieh sfl. Tuy ed nhflng thdi ky v i b tflng thdi dilra khae nhau tuy thudc quan diera v i n h i n thfle eua ngfldi eira quyin rai ed sfl dieu chinh d l thich hdp vdi bdl canh lieh stt eua tflng thdi ky dd. Nhflng nhin ehung cbinb sach ddi vdi ngfldi Hoa eua ehlnh phu Xiem trfldc day cung nhfl T h i i Lan sau n i y d i i n ra kha I m diu. Nhd dd, ngfldi Hoa ed ed hpi t h u i n Idi d l p h i t huy vai trd eua rainh trong til'n trinh p h i t t r i l n kinh t l - xa hdi - cbinb tri eua di't
nfldc n i y .
Cd t h i ndi T h i i Lan l i rapt rad binh bdi n h i p t h i n h cdng eua cpng ddng ngUdi Hoa d khu viie Ddng Nara A. 6 T h i i ngfldi ta khd ed t h i phan biet gifla ngfldi Hoa v i ngfldi T h i i . Bdi le nhieu ngfldi ed cdi ngudn q u i hfldng tfl Quang Ddng, Triiu Chau, Phflc Kiln nbUng hp lai raang day du t i n bp eiia ngudi T h i i . Cung khdng it trong sd' hp l i sii k i t hdp gifla bai ddng raiu Thii-Hoa. O Bangkok raie dfl ed phd' ngudi Hoa (Chinatown) nhUng sii eU trfl t r i n lan cfla bp b l u k h i p trong rapi ngd ngieb t h i n h phd'eung ndi len r i n g khd cd t b i tira thi'y rapt cdng ddng ngUdi Hoa raang d i y du y nghia eua nd gid'ng nhU stt binh t h i n h cpng ddng cua bp d rapt so' quoc gia k h i e trong khu vflc.
V l kinh te, nhd cbinb s i c h k h i dn b o i eua ebinb phu T h i i (nhin rapt cieh tdng thi), ngfldi Hoa cd rapt radi trfldng boat ddng kinh t l k h i ly tfldng. Cd le eung vi t h i rai ngfldi Hoa d di't nUde n i y d i chiira rapt vai trd v i vj tri k h i quan trong trong t i i n trinh p h i t trien kinh t l , x i hpi, ebinb tri eua di't nfldc. Tuy ebi chilm 10%
(ed t i i lipu dfla ra eon sd' 13 hoic 17%) d i n so'cua ea nude, nhflng ngfldi Hoa da chilm tdi 40% ngudn vdn tfl ban, 80% sdedng ty cd t i n t r i n thi trfldng chflng k h o i n eua nfldc n i y . Vdi kha n i n g kilra soit tdi 40%
ngudn vd'n, ngfldi Hoa kilra soit ludn (toin bp hoic rapt p h i n ) eua 347 n g i n h i n g v i ecKsd kinb doanh tii'cbinb. Trong so' 15 n g i n h i n g Idn nhi't cua Thii, ngfldi Hoa ebiira gifl dl'n 12 n g i n b i n g . Trfldc Chiln t r a n h the gidi I l n thfl bai, ngfldi Hoa nam tdi 90% boat ddng budn b i n le.
20 Nghien cUu Ddng Nam A 10/2011 Tuy sau ehiln tranh ty lp niy ed giam di Ro ring chinh sach dn hoi eua ehlnh ebflt it 72% nhflng ty lp bo^t ddng trong phu Thai ddi vdi ngfldi Hoa d nfldc niy da
nginb ngin hing-tii chinh l^i ting len. cd tic ddng tich evte. Tuy nhien, sfl tic Tfl nhflng nim 60 din nhflng nim 80 ddng cy t h i Iln nhilu linh vflc boat dpng ngfldi Hoa chilm tdi 90% gii trj xui't khiu cua ngfldi Hoa ndi rieng v i xa hdi Thai cua 4 nginh hing quan trpng cua Thai: Lan ndi chung nhfl t h i nio v i se tilp tuc thilc, gao, eao su v i gd tich v i nim nhilu tiin triln ra sao? Vi cd gi khac bi^t gifla cdng ty, t i p doin kinb t l c6 t i m ed khu ehlnh sach cua ehlnh phii Thai Lan vi vvfe vi t h i gidi theo md binh boat ddng mdt so' nfldc khie trong khu vflc? Sfl khac kinb doanh mang-radt miu hinh liln kit bipt dd b i t ngudn tfl dau? Tfl truyin thdng kinb t l die thfl trong xu t h i khu vflc hoi eua ehlnh sich ddi ngoai v i ddi ndi hay v i toin elu boa dang dien ra sdi dpng xui't phit tfl tinh die thfl xa hdi ciia quoc hipn nay. gia niy? Vi rdi, nhflng ebinb sach dd c6 VI Unh vflc chinh tri xa hpi, sd lfl(?ng ^hl i p dung dfldc b mflc dp nio trong tttng ngfldi Hoa tham gia vio eae ci'p ehlnh Q^d'c gia trong khu vflc Ddng Nam A ndi quyin ciia Thii k h i ddng dao. Cd tii Ueu chung v i b Viit Nam ndi rieng l i nhflng dfla ra sd ngfldi cd vi tri chinh tri mang vi'n de m i tic gia ciia bii viet niy hy vpng ddng miu Hoa chilm k h i nhilu trong Ifle cd dilu kiln dfldc thao luin ti^p trong mpt Ifldng quan chflc cua Thii. Mflc dp xic dip nio dd./.
thfle eua sd Ueu niy edn phai kilm chflng thim nhflng ro ring d b l u b i t cic linh vflc ebinb tri, quan sfl, ngfldi Thii goc Hoa d i nira nhflng trpng trich quan trpng. Cd le hii'm ed ndi nio trin t h i gidi rai ngfldi Hoa
„u;;f^ ^,-v «U;A\. ,^+«.' 4. * i-« 1- Ten Xiem dupe Phibul Songkhram ddi chiera gifl nhieu vi t n quan trpng trong bp ^^^^^ ^^^. ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^
miy ehlnh quyen nhfl b Thii. Chfla ndi 9.1945 Thii Lan lai dupe doi lai thanh den eie vi tri Thfl, Bp trfldng, eac dai bilu Xiem din diu thing 5 -1949 mpt Iln niia qudb hpi, ehu tich cic ngan hing, ehu tich ^^" ^'^"^ ^^' '^'^'^ ^^' ^^' ^^^"^ '^^^' ^ "
eac dang phii chinh tri m i ngay trong vai ^- ^'^"^ P^^P "^^ ^^^° ^ "^uygn tic: 1). Chi
* ^ TV,' ,.A u ' u u ' A~ x l - r ^- ^"^ ^^^"S thfl gi do ngUdi Thii san tro Thu tfldng ehinh phu da ed tdi 5 ngfldi xui't;2). Chi mie quin io do ngudi Thai Thai gdc Hoa. Do l i cac Thu tfldng: Chuan d$t may; 3).Mdi ngudi dan tham gia vio Leepai nim gifl chflc Thu tfldng hai nhidm ^°"S cupc kinh t l nhu lim thUdng nghiip 1 » /ior.o i««,r i ,,^rtr, «««,v r^, •, . hay sln xui't hing dit may 4). Tham gia ky (1992-1995 v i 1997-2001), Thil tfldng ^^ ^ ^ ^^ chflng eong eu0e eua ehinh Banhan Silpa-archa (1995-1996), Thii phu; vi 5).Bilu thi su ung ho chinh phii tfldng Thaksin Shinawatra (2001-2006), ^^"8 cieh hinh nghe lim i n budn ban TV,,', +,vA „ Auu- -4. T7 •• •• /r,r.«n «o,,v thit thi, khoug gian lin vi liu thue ( Thu tfldng AbbisitVejiajiava (2008-2011) Ratha Niyon)
v i nfl Thu tfldng dfldng nhiim Yingluck 3 Hdi ddng die biit vl ngudi Hoa d Thii dUdc Shinawatra (2011). thinh lip tfl nim 1971
CHU THICH
Chdu Thi Hdi Nhin lai chinh sdch ciia Thdi Lan ddi voi ngUdi Hoa... 21
4. Theo ban kiln nghi dd cpng ddng Hoa kilu v i ngudi Hoa d Thii dUde chia thinh 3 nhom khie nhau: nhdm thfl nhi't l i nhflng ngudi edn mang qud'c tjch Trung Qud'c v i Dii Loan; nhdm thfl hai l i nhflng ngitdi d i gia nhap qud'c tjch Thii; v i nhom thfl ba l i eie t h i he con chiu eua nhflng ngUdi da mang qude tieh Thii.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
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http://www.prospeet-magazine.eo.uk/arti- ele_details.php?id=4212
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