C A C TIEU CHI DANH GIA CHAT LUCfNG TRANH TUNG CUA KIEM SAT VIEN TAI PHIEN TOA HINH SU
Tdo Thi Quyen'
Tdm tdt: Thuc hien tranh tung trong xet xic la mot nguyen tdc hiin dinh, ddng thai la khdu dot phd trong cdi cdch tuphdp nhdm bdo ddm tinh ddn chu, cdng khai, khdch quan, binh ddng trong quy trinh td tung d Viet Nam. Thdi gian qua, trong rdt nhiiu phien tod hinh su hogt ddng tranh tung cua Kiem sat viin dd cd chuyin biin tich cue nhimg vdn con bgc Id khdng it hgn che, bdt cap.
Yiu cdu cdi cdch tuphdp trong giai doan tiip theo doi hdi tiip tuc nang cao chdt luang tranh turig ciia KSV trong phien tod. Bdi viit phdn tich cdc tieu chi ddnh gid chdt lugng tranh tung cua Kiem sdt vien trong phien tod hinh su Viec nhgn thicc ddy du cdc tieu chi ndy se gdp phdn ndng cao chdt luong hogt dgng tranh tung ciia kiem sdt vien tgi phien tod hinh su, thdng qua do bdo ve cdng ly, bdo dam quyen vd lai ich hgp phdp ciia cdng ddn ngdy cdng tdt han.
Tir khda: Kiem sdt vien, tieu chi, chdt lugng tranh tung.
Nhdn bdi: 02/4/2019; Hoan thdnh bien tap: 29/5/2019; Duyet ddng: 10/7/2019.
Abstract: Conducting litigation in trial is a constitutional principle, and a breakthrough in judicial reform to ensure democracy, openness, objectivity and equality in the proceedings in Vietnam. In recent years, in many criminal courts, litigation activities ofprocurators had positive changes but still showed many limitations and shortcomings. Request for judicial reform in the next period requires further improvement of the quality of litigation in the trial. The article analyzes the criteria for assessing the quality of litigation ofprocurators in criminal trial. The complete awareness of these criteria will contribute to the improvement the quality of litigation activities of prosecutors at the criminal trial, thereby protect justice, ensure the rights and legitimate interests of citizens.
Keywords: Prosecutors, criteria, quality of litigation.
Date ofreceipt: 02/4/2019; Date of revision: 29/5/2019; Date of approval: 10/7/2019.
Nghi quydt sd 49-NQ/TW ngay 2 thdng_6 sd vd boat ddng dua ra chiing cir, ddnh gia, phan nam 2005 vd Chidn luge cdi cdch tu phap den tich chung cii, tranh ludn, ddi dap, ludn tdi cua nam 2020 da xdc dinh yeu cau: "Ndng cao chdt KSV tai phien toa hinh su nhdm lam sang td sy lugng tranh tung tgi tdt cd cdc phien tda xet xic, that khach quan ciia vu an, bdo ve quan dilm coi day Id khdu dot phd cua hogt dgng tu bugc tdi ciia minh ddi vdi hi cao, qua do tao ca phdp"^. The che hda quan diem neu tren ciia sd de HDXX dua ra bdn dn, quy8t dinh chinh Dang, khoan 5, Dieu 103, Hidnphap nam 2013 xac, diing phap luat, truy ciiu trdch nhiem hinh da quy dinh: "Nguyen tdc tranh tung trong xet su dung ngudi, diing tdi, khdng oan sai, khdng xic dugc bdo ddm "\ Ddy la mdt trong nhiing bd lot tdi pham.
nguyen tdc nhdm bao dam tinh dan chu, cdng Thdi gian qua, boat dgng tranh tung ciia khai, minh bach, khach quan, binh dang trong td KSV tai phien tda binh su da co chuySn biln tung binh sy d Viet Nam. tich cue: Da sd KSV dd nhdn thirc ddy du vd Chdt lugng tranh tung ciia Ki^m sat vien quan tdm hon den viec tranh tung tai phien tod' (KSV) tai phien toa hinh su ia tdng hgp cac chi giira KSV va ngudi bao chiia da binh ddng hon ' Pho Giao su, TiSn sy, Hgc vien Chinh in Quoc Gia Ho Chi Minh.
' Bg Chinh trj (2005), Nghj quySl s6 49-NQ/TW ngay 2 thang 6 nam 2005 \h Chien lupc cai each tu phap d^n nam 2020. Ha Ngi 'Khoan5Dieul03 HiSn phap ciia nuoc Cong hoa xa hgi chii nghTa Viet Nam nam 2013.
o
se"4/2019 - Nam thiJ Mtffli bon
9tnl|c iinat trong tranh luan; tinh trang kidm sat vien ne
tranh tranh ludn vdi ngudi bao chiia ve co ban da dugc khac phuc; vi tri, vai trd cua ngudi bao chiia tai phien toa da dugc dd cao han... Thdng qua do, phien toa ddn chii, cdng bdng ban, quyen va Igi ich chinh dang cua duong su ngay cang bao dam.
Tuy nhien, chat lugng tranh tung cua nhieu KSV cdn han che: nhidu ban ludn tgi chua dugc chudn bi tdt; ky nang ddi dap, tranh ludn cua KSV tai cdc phien toa hinh sy cdn ban che;
khdng it KSV cdn lung tiing trong vidt bdn cao trang, dy thao ludn tdi; phuong phdp phdt bieu luan tgi va tranh ludn chua sdc ben...
De ndng cao chat lugng tranh tung tai phien toa hinh su, KSV cdn ndm vftng cac tieu chi danh gia chdt lugng tranh tung. Dudi day la cac nhdm tiSu chi danh gid chdt lugng tranh tung ciia KSV tai phien tda hinh su:
1. Mirc dq day du, ro rang, chinh xac ciia ho sor Idem sat, de cinmg xet hoi cua kiem sat vien
- Ve hd so kiim sdt vu dn hinh su:
Ngay tir khi dugc phan cdng thyc hanh quyen cdng td va Idem sat dieu tra vu an, KSV phai nghien ciiu ky hd sa vu an. De bao dam tdt ti§u chi nay, KSV phdi tudn theo Quy che cdng tdc thyc hanh quyen cdng td, kiem sdt xet xu cdc vu an hinh su (Ban hdnh kem theo Quyet dinh sd 505/ QD-VKSTC ngdy 18/12/2017). Cu ihk la:
KSV tham gia phien toa phdi tryc tiep nghien cim todn bg hd sa cua vu dn de nam vung ndi dung vu an, bao gdm: hdnh vi pham tdi cua cdc bi cao; cac chimg cir budc tdi, ga tdi; cdc tbh tiet tang nang, gidm nhe trdch nhiem binh sy; phdn tich danh gid tdng hgp vu an; cac dieu, khoan phdp lu$t se dp dung de chudn bi thyc hanh quyen cdng td va tham gia tranh tung tai phien toa.
Trudc khi md phien toa, KSV chudn bi tdi lieu vu an, trong do xac dinh ro nhirng van de cdn mdu thudn, nhirng diem chiing cii yeu, dac biet phdi xem xet cac chiing cii budc tdi bi can, bi cao. Neu bi can, bi cao ra tod phdn cung chdi tgi thi cdc chiing cii dd cd dii dd budc tdi
Ididng? KSV ciing can chudn bi cdc tai lieu khac cd lien quan tdi viec ket tdi bi cao va gidi quyet vu an nhu tai lieu chuyen mdn ve qudn ly kinh te, xa hgi, hanh chinh... Day la nhiing co sd bet siic quan trgng giiip KSV cd thd chu ddng tranh tung tai phien toa.
Hd sa kiem sdt phdi dugc lap theo diing quy dinh cua Vien kiem sat nhdn ddn tdi cao ban hanh kem theo Quydt dinh sd 590/QD-VKSTC ngay 5 thang 12 ndm 2014. Cac tai lieu, chiing cii sao chup ddy du, cd ghi rd but luc theo hd sa chinh de khi ddi dap, tranh ludn cd the neu ngudn chinh xac, ndng cao tinh thuyet phuc trong ddi ddp, tranh ludn.
- Vi di cuangxet hdi:
KSV phdi dy thao de cuong tham gia xet hdi va nhiing ngi dung can lam sang td tai phien tod de tham gia xet hdi nhdm xdc dinh su that ciia vu an va cac tinh tiet khac cd lien quan den viec dinh tdi vd de xudt hinh phat. KSV phdi luu y cdc mdu thudn va cdch xet hdi de gidi quyet cac mdu thudn, bac bd nhimg loi chdi tdi khdng cd ca sd; Ddng thdi KSV phdi dy kien ndi dung cd kha nang bao chiia va chuan bi cac cau bdi de lam sang td van de ma ngudi bao chira quan tam.
2. Tieu chi ve mnc do chap nhan ciia Hoi dong xet xn: doi vol quan diem buoc toi ciia Idem sat vien
Muc do chdp nhdn cua Hgi ddng xet xir (HDXX) ddi vdi quan diem budc tgi ciia KSV dugc danh gid tren ca sd su phii hgp, ro rang, hgp phdp, logic vd thuyet phuc ciia viec xet hdi, luan tdi, tranh ludn tai phien tda. Cu the la:
- Vi viec xet hoi cua KSV:
Tai phien toa, KSV theo ddi, ghi chep ddy dil ndi dung xet hdi cua HDXX, cua ngudi bdo chiia va y kien trd Idi ciia ngucd dugc xet bdi de chu ddng tham gia xet hdi, lam sang td hanh vi cua bi cdo, xdc dinh su that khach quan ciia vu dn.
Khi cd ngudi tham gia td tung xuat trinh tai lieu mdi, KSV can kiem tra, xet hdi ve ngudn gdc, ngi dung tdi lieu dd de cd ket luan chinh xac. Trudng hgp chua dii dieu kien ket ludn ma
o
tai lieu mdi dd cd the lam thay ddi ndi dung, tinh chdt vy dn thi KSV dh nghi HDXX hoan phien toa de xac minh.
KSV cdn chu ddng trong xet hdi, khdng nen cho rang viec xet hdi la nhiem vu ciia HDXX. KSV phai tap trung lam ro cdc chiing cir, xdc dinh tinh chat, miic dd hanh vi, thii doan, cdng cy, phuang tien de thyc hien tdi pham, ddng ca, muc dich pham tgi, cac tinh tiet tang ndng, giam nhe... Phuang phdp xet hdi ciia KSV cdn linh boat, chii y den cac cdu bdi, cdu trd Idi ciia HDXX, ngudi bdo chiia va ngudi tham gia td tung. Cdc cau hdi phai ro rdng, ngan ggn, de hieu, tranh giai thich dai ddng va lap lai.
- Ve ludn tgi cua KSV:
KSV xdy dyng bdn ludn tdi, trong dd dy kien cdc tinh hudng cd the xdy ra tai phien tod de ket hgp vdi ket qua xet hdi, tham tra chirng cii tai phien toa nham phdn tich, danh gia chimg cir de cbiimg minh nhiing vdn de sau:
Cd hdnh vi pham tdi xay ra hay khdng, thdi gian, dia diem va nhiing tinh tiet khdc cua hdnh vi pham tdi; Ai la ngudi thuc hien hanh vi pham tdi, cd loi hay khdng cd Idi, loi cd y hay vd y, cd nang lye trach nhiem hinh sy hay khdng, muc dich, ddng ca pham tdi; Nhiing tinh tidt tang nang, tinh tiet giam nhe trdch nhiem binh sy cua bi cao va nhiing dac diem ve nhdn thdn ciia bi cao; Tinh chdt miic do thiet hai do hdnh vi pham tdi gay ra.
Ban luan tdi cua KSV phdi the hien dugc nguyen tac "ludn chiing trudc va ludn tdi sau", tiic la phai phdn tich, ddnh gia chimg cii cua vu an de xdc dinh tdi pham, ngudi pham tdi theo cac didu, khodn ndo cua Bd ludt Hinh su trudc, sau dd phdn tich, phe phdn tinh chdt, miic do cua hdnh vi pham tdi, vai trd ciia bi cdo trong vu dn cd ddng pham, nhdn thdn bi cdo, tinh tiet tang nang, giam nhe, nguyen nhdn, dieu kien pham tdi, cac bien phdp ddu tranh phdng ngua
nhdm budc tdi bi cao va de xudt miic hinh phat sao cho sat diing, phii hop.
KSV phai bdo dam nguyen tdc "chiing cii ddn dau, kk tdi den do", khdng dugc suy dien, quy kk chu quan hoac thdi phdng chiing cu.
'''Quy tdc vi chimg cu nhdm ngdn chgn viec sic dung nhiing chung cir khdng ddng tin cay co thi Idm cho tda dn dua raphdn quyit tren ca sd nhicng thdng tin sai lech. Quy tdc vi chung cic ciing nghiem cdm sic dung chung cu cd the gdy ra nhicng djnh kien khdng cdng bdng cho cdc ben tham gia td tung"^.
Khi xay dung ban luan tdi, KSV phai luu y tranh tinh trang chi md ta dien bien ndi dung su viec pham tdi ma khdng vien ddn, sir dung chiing cir chiing minh kem theo.
Ddi vdi vu an pham tdi qud tang, don gidn, chimg cii rd rang, bi cao nhdn tgi tbi viec phdn tich chiing cir, chiing minh trong bdn ludn tdi Cling cdn ngdn ggn, sue tich. Ddi vdi vu an tinh chdt phiic tap, chiing cii chua rd rang, bi cdo khdng nhdn tdi, Idi khai ctia ngudi bi hai, nhdn chimg cdn nhieu mdu thuan... tbi KSV phdi phdn tich, chiing minh trong bdn ludn tdi that chat che, logic dd giai quyet cdc mdu thudn, lam rd cac van de ket luan, bdc bd cdc vdn dd mau thudn, bdt hgp ly.
- vi su xdc thuc, Idgic khi trinh bdy bdn ludn toi:
Hoat ddng ludn tdi cua KSV dugc quy dinh tai didu 321 Bd ludt TTHS nam 2015:
"Ludn tdi ciia KSV phdi cdn cic vdo nhimg tdi lieu, chimg cu, tdi lieu, dd vgt dd dugc kiim tra tgi phien tod vd y kien ciia bi cdo, ngudi bdo chiia, ngudi bdo ve quyin vd lai ich hgp phdp cua bi hgi, duong su, ngudi tham gia td
tung khdc tgi phien tod"\ Didu dd ddi bdi KSV phdi theo ddi vd bdm sat diln bi6n phien tod. Thyc hien quy dinh nay se khdc phuc tinh trang KSV sir dyng mdt ban ludn tdi da chudn bi sdn va cd the ndi dung ciia nd khdng an
* Nguyin van D6ng, HS Thj Khuyen (2017): "Ho?t dgng tranh tung trong \6 tyng hinh sir a Vi?t Nam hi^n nay", Tap chi Khoa hgc v^ xa hgi Vi^t Nam, s6 8 - 2017, tr,70.
^ Dieu 321, Bg lu^t Td tung hinh sir nSm 2015.
o
So 4/2019 - Nam thtf Mu^fti bon
nhap vdi nhiing tinh tiet dien ra trong giai doan xet hdi tai phien toa.
- Su chudn xdc, luu lodt, thuyet phuc trong tranh ludn, ddi dap cua KSV:
Khodn 2, Didu 322, Bd ludt TTHS nam 2015 quy dinh: "Kiim sdt vien phdi dua ra chimg cic, tdi lieu vd lap ludn di ddi ddp den Cling tieng y kien cua bi cdo, ngudi bdo chica, ngudi tham gia td tung khdc tgi phien toa"- Nhu vdy, KSV cd trdch nhiem ddi dap, tranh luan vdi bi cdo, ngudi bao chira, ngudi tham gia td tung khdc tai phien tda, dua ra chimg cu, tai lieu, gidi thich va lap ludn cd cdn cir ro rang va xac thyc; KSV khdng dugc ddi dap theo kieu
"gin nguyen quan diem truy td" ma khdng gidi thich gi them.
Trong qua trinh ddi dap, tranh luan, KSV cd the cd nhieu phuang phdp ddi ddp, tranh luan khdc nhau. Cd ba phuong phdp chu yeu dugc ap dung la: 1/Phuang phdp ddi dap, tranh ludn ddi vdi timg y kien mdt; 2/Phuang phdp ddi ddp, tranh ludn ddi vdi nhiing y kien quan trgng, then chdt, mang tinh quyet dinh ddi vdi vu dn trudc;
3/Phuong phap dung loi khai nhdn tdi cua bi cdo tai ca quan dieu tra vd tai phien tod de ddi ddp, tranh luan.
3. Mirc do tuSn thii quy trinh, thu tuc, each thirc tranh tung ciia kiem sat vien
KSV phai tudn thii nghiem chinh quy dinh d Muc 5, chuong XXI cua Bd luat Td tyng hinh su nam 2015. Muc ndy quy dinh thu tuc tranh tung tai phien tda, xac dinh quyen, trach nhiem cua cac chu the trong qud trinh tranh tung. Tuan tbii quy dinh ve thii tuc la mgt yeu cdu mang tinh hanh chinh tu phdp de ddnh gid xem cdc chu the tham gia tranh tung thyc hien quyen vd nghia vu cua minh cd hgp phap vd diing trinh ty hay khdng.
Chdt lugng tranh tung cua KSV cdn dugc danh gid thdng qua van hda, thai do khi xet hdi, tranh luan cua KSV.KSV phdi giir thdi do binh tinh, bidt lang nghe y kien ciia ngudi khac, khdng ndng nay, quat nat khi thdy bi cao bay ngudi tham gia td tung khac khai bao khdng
thanh khdn, trai vdi y minh, quanh co chdi tdi, nhiing Idi gd tdi cho bi cao khdng khdch quan hoac trong phien toa xuat hien cdc tinh tiet, chung cii mdi.
4. Ty le cai, sira, huy an
Thdng qua ty le khdng cdo, khang nghi ciing cd the ddnh gia chat lugng tranh tung cua KSV tai phien tda. Neu ty le khang cdo, khang nghi cdc bdn an cao thi chdt lugng tranh tung cua KSV tai phien tda cdn thap. Bdi le, khi viec tranh tung dugc thuc hien triet de, diing phdp ludt, ban dn da tuyen dugc mgi ngudi tdm phuc, khdu phuc thi viec khdng cao, khang nghi se giam va ngugc lai. Ndi each khac, sd lieu khang cdo, khang nghi Id minh chiing cho thay chat lugng tranh tung cua KSV tai phien tda d miic do nao.
Ben canh dd, chat lugng tranh tung tai phien tda cdn the hien qua ty le cai, siia, buy an. Neu ty le cai, siia, huy an cao tiic la chat lugng tranh tung tai phien tda cua KSV cdn thdp vd ngugc lai. Neu ty le an so thdm bi Tod dn cdp phiic thdm buy dn cao thi cd the ddnh gid rang chat lugng tranh tung cua KSV d phien toa sa tham thdp, bdi le qua tranh tung nhung KSV cap sa tham khdng phat hien ra cdc vi pham trong viec truy td.
5. Mirc do dong tinh cua cong luan va nhihig ngiroi tham gia to tung khac
Thdng qua dien bien tai phien toa cd the danh gid chdt lugng tranh tung ciia KSV. Khi ben budc tdi (KSV, bi bai) vd ben gd tdi (ngudi bao chiia, bi cao) thyc hien diing trach nhiem ciia minh theo phap ludt, HDXX lam tdt vai trd
"trgng tai", that su cdng tam, khach quan, dieu khien phien tod that su dan chii se dat dugc sy ddng tinh cua cdng ludn vd nhirng ngudi tham gia td tung. Nhan xet ve tranh tung ciia KSV, Ludt su Phan Trung Hoai cho rang: "Tdi nhdn thdy thdi gian qua, viec tranh tung, iing xir cua Kiem sat vien tai phien tda da the hien mdt dien mao mdi...
(Xem tiep trang 54)
o
chua dap img dugc yeu cau dilu tra, thdm chi mdt sd vy an phai tam dmh chi dilu tra dl chd ket qua gidm djnh, gdy anh hudng khdng nhd trong cdng tac gidi quyet td gidc, tin bao tgi pham vd dieu tra, xir ly tdi pham.
Vdi nhiing khd khan, vudng mdc neu tren da dnh hudng khdng nhd din hieu qua boat ddng tiep nhdn, gidi quyet td gidc, tin bdo vl tdi pham, kien nghi khdi td. Chinh vi vdy, trong thdi gian tdi de cdng tac tiep nhan, gidi quyet td gidc, tin bdo ve tdi pham dat hieu qud cao, ban che thdp nhat tinh trang bd Igt tdi pham vd lam oan ngudi vd tgi. Chiing tdi thdy rang, cdn cd de xudt lanh dao lien ngdnh tu phap Trung uang bd sung va hoan thien Thdng tu lien tich sd 01/2017 vd chi dao Bg Cdng an sua ddi, bd sung quyet dinh sd 1319/QD-BCA-C41 ngdy 20/3/2015 ban hanh quy trinh tiep nhdn, giai quyet td giac, tin bdo ve tdi pham vd kien nghj khdi td trong Cdng
an nhdn ddn de phii hgp vdi thuc tiln dp dung Bd ludt TTHS nam 2015.
Cd nhu vdy, mdi ndng cao ban nira chdt lugng boat ddng tilp nhan, gidi quyet td giac, tin bdo vl tgi pham, tao niim tin trong quan chiing nhdn dan, gdp phdn xay dyng tiie trdn an ninh qudc phdng ngdy cdng viing manh./.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Bg ludt Hinh su nam 2015 sira ddi, bd sung nam 2017;
2. Bd luat Td Umg binh sy nam 2015;
3. Thdng tu iien tich sd Ol/2017/TILT- BCA-BQP-BTC-BNN&PTNT-VKSNDTC ngay 29/12/2017 quy dinh viec phdi hgp giiia cac co quan cd thdm quyen trong viec thyc hien mdt sd quy djnh ciia BLTTHS nam 2015 ve tiep nhdn, gidi quyet td giac, tin bdo ve tdi pham, kien nghi khdi td giiia Bd Cdng an - Eg Qudc phdng - Bg Tai chinh - Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien Ndng thdn - Vien Kiem sat nhan dan tdi cao./.
C A C TIEU CHI DANH GIA CHAT L U O N G TRANH TUNG CUA KIEM SAT VIEN TAI PHIEN TOA H I N H S U
(Tiep theo trang 45)
Tdi rat mong, Kiem sdt vien vd Luat su cd su ddi ddp thdng thdn va danh cho nhau sy tdn tigng. Chi cd su tdn trgng, binh dang, khdch quan va trach nhiem thi mdi dugc ngucd ddn tin tudng, dugc du luan xa bdi danh gia cao"*.
Ben canh dd, nhiing y kien ciia cdng ludn, quan diem, y kien cua cac ludt gia, chuyen gia, riba nghien ciiu ve phdn quyet ciia HDXX se la mdt trong nhiing minh chiing ve chdt lugng tranh tyng ciia KSV tai phien tda xet xu an hinh su.
Tdm lai, "Tranh tung the hien tinh ddn chu, cdng khai, minh bach, khdch quan, binh
ddng trong td tung hinh su, nhdt la trong cdc phien tda xet xir vu dn hinh su"''. Nang cao chdt lugng tranh tung ndi chung va tranh tung ciia KSV ndi rieng la yeu cau khach quan, cdp bach d Viet Nam hien nay. Nganh Kiem sat cd the can cii vao cdc nhdm tieu chi neu tren dl danh gid khach quan, toan dien, chinh xac vl chdt lugng tranh tung ciia KSV. Qua dd gdp phan bao ddm viec xet xir ddn chii, cdng bdng bao dam cdng ly, bao dam^ quyin con ngudi^
quyen cdng dan theo yeu cau cai each tu phap bieii nay./.
* van Tinh: "Ky nang tranh tyng cua KiSm sat vien t^i phien toa hinh sir dudi goc nhin ciia Lu^t luat, Vi?n Kiem sat Nhan dan t6i cao), ng^y I thang 10 nam 2018.
' Nguyin van Dflng, Ha Thi Khuygn (2017): "Ho^t dpng tranh tyng trong t6 tung hinh hpc \k xa hpi Viet Nam, s6 8 - 2017. tr.69
r" (Bao dien tii Bao v^ phap o Viet Nam hi?n nay", T^p chi Khoa
