Nghien cOu - Trao doi
Xay duhg tieu chi Ichong gay o nhiim nham thufc thi hieu qua cong tac bao ve
moi tPuiDfng tai cac doanh nghiep '
o TS. D6 NAM THANG Phi Vu trudng Vg Hgp tac qugc tg, Bi TN&MT
ThS. Lift) THANH TRUNG Vu Khoa hgc va Cing nghi, Bi TNSMT
ThS. N G U Y I N T H | NGQC A N H
^Hn Khoa hgc mUlnidng. Ting cue Millnjeng,Bi TN&MT
-^ ^ ^ dng vdi qui trinh diy WlLm " ' * " ' ' CNH-HOH d nudc n ^ ^ ta trong thdl gian qua,
cic hinh vl gay thiit hgi da vi phgm phip lu$t ve BVMT ci xu hudng gia ting. Tinh trgng ONMT ngiy cing diin bienphiie tgp, kim theo tti li svphit sinh cic vg vlgc tranh chip ve mil trudng (trong dd ngudi bi thiit hgi tir hinh vi vl phgm phip luit BVMT yiu ciu cic chii the vi phgm, ihuOng It cic doanh nghiip sin xuit boi thudng)...
Khic phvc tinh trgng niy, chung la cin nhanh ching xiy dung lliu chi khing gay 6 nhiim. bao dam thi/c thl higu qui dng tic quan If vi BVMT.
V l n d l b l i thudng t h i f t hgi vdi m d i trudng t u nhien
Thdi gian qua, d nudc ta da x i y ra n h i l u su c l lidn quan d i n mdi trudng, d i l n hinh l i ONMT b i l n tgi 04 tfnh m i l n Tnjng de Cdng ty TNHH Gang ttidp Hung Nghifp Fonnosa gay ra; n h i l u vp x i t h i i t r i i p h i p v i e n g u i n nude de doanh n g h i f p gay ra nhu Cdng ty Vedan, n h i may Supe p h i t p h i t va hda e h i t Lam Thap, Cdng ty TNHH Miwpn V i f t Nam
tgi V i f t Tri, Nha m i y g i i y Bai B i n g tfnh Phu Thp; n h f p k h i u f e quy ehl, n h f p k h i u p h i l l f u gay ONMT d e i n g H i i Plidng...
N g u y i n n h i n d i i n ra ttnh trgng trdn mdt p h i n la dp doanh nghifp cdn xem nhg cdng tac BVMT, ehua tuan thd cac quy djnh v l BVMT, ban cgnh dd edn dp h f thdng phdp luft v l BTTH ddi vdi mdi trudng ehua thue s u hoan t h i f n va dgt h i f u qua khi t r i l n khai trong thUc t l . H i f n nay, d e hudng d i n v l bdi ttiudng ttiif t hgi (BTTH) mdi trudng chua eg ttil, v i f c xde dinh trach n h i f m eda t l chBc/ci n h i n gay ONMT cdn ttiif u. VI nhif u ly de khac nhau k l c i chd quan, khach quan va nhBng tdn tgi mang ttnh c h i t Ijch sa ma d c quy djnh nay cdn n h i f u b i t c i p , chua d i p Ung dupe eac ddi hdi md ttiuc ttin dang v i se d f t ra.
Theo quy djnh p h i p luat hidn hanh d nude ta, BTTH dp vl phgm phdp luft v l BVMT ttiufe ITnh vuc BTTH ngpai hpp ddng. Dp v f y , Cd sd phdp ly giai q u y l t d e ydu c i u v l BTTH do vi pham phap luat v l BVMT tnidc h i t dupe ttiuc h i f n ttlep d e quy djnh v f BTTH
ngoai hpp ddng cBa Bd L u f t d i n su. Cu ttil, O i l u 602 Bd L u f t d i n su nam 2015 quy djnh nhU sau:
"Chd ttil l i m ONMT ma gay ttilf t hgi thi phai b l i thudng ttiep quy djnh eiia phap luft, k l cS trudng hpp chu ttil dd khdng ed l i i . - Thep dp, t l chBc, d nhan gay thif t hgi do ed hdnh vl g i y ONMT se p h i i chju t r i c h n h i f m khi h f i d f 3 y l u t f quan trpng sau: (1) ttilf t hgi ttiue t f (cho t l chUc, d nhan khac) da x i y ra; (2) d hanh vi ttii phap l u f t mdi tmdng (gdy ONMT); (3) cd mdi quan h f nhan q u i glBa thiet hgi thUc t l x i y ra va hanh vi t r i i p h i p l u f t
Trong t i n siia d l i , b l sung va ban hanh mdi vap nam 2014, L u f t BVMT da khang dinh eo s * phap ly cQa v i f c truy cilu t r i c h n h i f m BTTH do hanh vl gay ONMT, suy thoai mdi tmdng. Cg ttil, theo K h o i n 8 D i l u 4 L u i t BVMT 2014, - t l ehUc. h f gia dinh, d n h i n g i y 8 n h i l m , s u d va suy ttioai mdi tmdng p h i i k h i c phgc, BTTH v i ttich n h i f m khac ttlep quy djnh eua phap l u f r . Luat d n g danh mdt chuong ndng quy djnh v l BTTH v f mdi ttudng (Chuong XIX), trong dd d
Tdi nguyen v o Mdi frirtng | W i - I M w I g n i 7
nguydn t&c xCf ly trdch nhiem d5i vdi td chClc, cd nhdn gdy ONMT vd xde dinh thiet hgi do d nhiem, suy thoai mdi tradng. De eu thi hod cac quy djnh ki trfin. Chinh phCi dd ban hdnh Nghj dinh so 03/2015/Ne-CP ngdy 06/01/2015 quy djnh vg xac dinh thidt hai vdi mdi tradng.
Bdn cgnh vt$c quy djnh cdc tradng hdp t6 ehac, ca nhdn phSi cd trdch nhidm boi thadng, Nghj dinh cung quy djnh ci nhQng trudng hyp td chac, ed nhdn khdng ph5i phdi BTTH. Sy phdn biet nhy vdy Id can thi^t nham sdm giSi phdng trach nhidm eho cdc t6 chtjtc, cd nhdn tham gia sSn xu^t, l<inh doanh tuy ch^p hdnh nghidm chinh phdp lu§t BVMT nhang Igi n&m trong khu vyc cCing vdi cdc td chac, ca nhdn khac dang cd hdnh vi gdy ONMT va dang bj truy ciiu trdch nhidm phdp i^ (bj khdi ki^n, bj xCf ly hdnh chinh ho$c thdm chf bj truy cOu trach nhi0m hinh sy). Cy thd, theo quy djnh tgi khodn 4 Didu 13 Nghj djnh ndy ' T d chac, ca nhdn tudn thCi dSy 6ii cdc quy djnh cCia phdp lugt vd BVMT, cd he thdng xii ly chii thfil dgt ydu cSu vd chting minh dyyc r i n g khdng gdy 6 nhigm, suy thodi mdi trudng thi khdng phki BTTH ddi vdi mdi tradng vd khdng phdi chju cdc ehi phf lidn quan ddn xde djnh thi^t hgi vd thyc hidn thii tyc ydu cdu BTTH".
Khodn 5 Didu 13 Nghj djnh sd 03 quy djnh: "Bd TN&MT hudng diin trinh ty, thO tyc chdng minh td chac, cd nhdn khdng gdy ONMT theo quy djnh tgi khodn 4 Didu ndy". Thyc td eho thdy, dd chQng minh td chde, cd nhdn khdng gdy ONMT trong tnJdng hyp td chde, cd nhan ndy cd cdc hogt ddng sdn xudt, kinh doanh d trong cung khu vye vdi cdc td chac, cd nhdn sdn
8 Toi nguyan v 6 Moi tru'dng |
xuat, kmh doanh khac ed hdnh vi gdy ONMT khdng ddn gidn. Day Id van de rat quan trpng dd bdo dam dung nguydn tac cd thd hda trdch nhidm, x& 1^ diing ngydi, dung vi phgm, tranh Idm oan chO the khdng vi pham nhyng khong bd Ipt chO thd cd hdnh vi vi phgm, phdng ngda va hgn ehd tdi mdc tdi da nhDng chi phf, thiet hgi Widng ddng cd ma cdc td ehdc, cd nhdn tuy da nghidm ch?nh chap hanh phdp ludt ve BVMT nhyng v i n bj vydng vdo vdng ki$n tyng hodc bj xem xet dd truy edu trdch nhiem phdp ly. Day Id nhiJng van de thyc t i l n dang ddt ra ma mudn trd ldi dyyc can thidt phdi cd nghien cdu cdng phu, bdi b&n cd khfa cgnh l^jf ludn vd thyc tidn.
Dd xuat xdy d y n g tieu chf khdng g i y 6 n h i l m n h i m t h y c thi hi^u qud cong tdc bdo v$ mot trydng tgi cdc doanh nghiep
Qi ndng cao hi$u qud cdng tdc BVMT tgi cdc doanh nghidp, bd tidu chf dyyc xdy dyng nhkm khuyen khfeh. djnh hydng vd thuc ddy cdc td chdo, ed nhdn tidn hdnh cde hogt d^ng BVMT, nhdm thyc hidn cdc quy djnh cCia phdp ludt Vidt Nam, hUdng tdi mye tidu phdttridn bdn vOng, qudn ly chd't thdi. kidm sodt d nhidm, khdng gdy suy thodi/sy cd, phdng ngda cde thdm hpa mdi trydng tdc ddng ddn siJc khde ci!ia ngudi lao ddng vd cdng ddng xd hdi, bdo ddm nguyen tac ngUdi gdy d nhidm phdi trd tidn vd phdi chju trdch n h i f m phdp ludt vd BTTH ndu phdt sinh hdnh vi vi phgm gdy bidn ddi mdi trydng. Mye tidu cy the cua tidu ehf la: Ho trp cdc td chde, ed nhdn ty ddnh gid, xdp logi nhSm tidn hdnh cde hogt ddng thyc hidn mye tieu ve mdi trudng trong tdng thd mye tieu chdt lyyng cua td chac; Djnh
W2-Tliing 9/2016
hudng cdc vdn dd td chde, cd nhdn can du tidn dd edi tidn hogt dpng BVMT d y a trdn mdc chSt luyng neu ra trong bp tieu chf ndy;
Cung c^p tdi liSu, cdn ca khoa hpc nhdm xdy dyng hd sd cho cac cd quan chde ndng dd chdng minh khdng gdy ONMT trong qud trinh thanh tra, kidm tra, chdp hdnh cdc quy dinh khdc cDa phdp ludt Vidt Nam vd BVMT.
Vide xdy d y n g tidu chf dya trdn nhDng cdn cd chfnh la: Ludt BVMT 2014 vd edc vdn bdn hudng d i n thi hdnh; cdc chf tieu vd tidu ehf da dayc dd e^p trong h0 thdng cdc vdn bdn QPPL, quy chudn ky- thudt vd tieu chudn mdi trUdng cua Vidt Nam da dype ban hdnh va con hi^u lyc; cdc van bdn QPPL khde vd BVMT; cde tidu ehf da dape dd xudt trong bdo cdo c i a cdc chuydn gia trong ITnh vyc mdi trydng; kinh n g h i f m thd gidi vd xdy dyng tidu chf phye vy cdng tdc qudn ly mdi tradng.
Tidu chf dapc dd xudt xdy dyng chd ydu t f p trung vdo giai dogn vgn hdnh sdn xudt cOa doanh nghidp. Ydu cdu thyc hidn cdc tidu chf ndy cdn cO vdo cdc quy djnh phdp ludt vd BVMT.
cy thd:
Tiiu chf Chung vS xic dinh chu thi: T d each phdp nhdn, trdch n h i f m phdp IJ-; Logi hinh hogt ddng; quy md hogt d f n g ; phgm vi hogt ddng; nguydn lidu ddu vdo dype sii dyng; mdy mdc, thidt bj, phypng tidn si!f dyng cua td chdc/cd nhdn; cdng nghf dp dyng; cd s6 vdt chdt - ky thuft, thidt bj chuydn dyng dd do dgc, Idy m i u , x d 1^, phdn tfch cdc m i u quan t r i e mdi trydng; quy trinh hogt ddng, sdn xudt; h f thdng qudn ly chdt lyyng vd ngudn nhdn lyc.
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Tiiu chi ve hinh vl
Khing viphgm nhOng hinh vt bi nghiim dm cia phap luit vi BVMT trong qui trinh hogt ding, bao gim: Khdng phd heal, khai thac trai phep ngudn til nguyen thidn nhidn; khdng khai thac nguin t i i nguyin sinh vft bang phuong ttfn, edng eg phuong phip hfy dlft, khdng dCing thdl vg v i sin lupng thep quy ajnh eiia phdp luft; khdng khai thic, kinh dcanh, tidu thg cie ipii nggy cip, quy, hiem dupe uu tidn bio vf do CO quan nha nudc cd tham quyf n quy djnh; khdng phd heal, xim chilm trii phdp di sin thidn nhidn, khu bip t i n thidn nhidn trdn dit liln v i trdn biln; khdng xiy dung, hoat ddng trdi phdp trong khu vuc d m do mile df dfc biet nguy hilm ve mdi trudng del vdi eon ngudi; khdng d n trd ho?t dfng BVMT cOa ed quan chde ning; khdng ed diu hifu Idm sai if eh thdng ttn gdy hfu qui xiu, nghidm trpng din mdi trudng.
Khing d hinh vi phgm eic quy dinh vi quin If chit thil, eic quf dinh vg ke hogeh BVMT, bio cio dinh gii tic ding mii tnJdng, di in BVMT, bao gim: Khdng vfn ehuyin, chdn lip chit dde, chit phdng x», chit thii v i clilt nguy hsi khie khdng ddng quy trinh ky thuft v l BVMT; khdng thil chit thdi ehua xU ly dst quy chuin ky thuft mdi trudng chit dfc, chit phdng x?, chit thil v i chit nguy hsi khie khdng dung quy trinh ky thuft v l BVMT;
khdng dua vio ngudn nude hda chit ddc hai, chit thii, vi sinh vft. ehl phim sinh hpe chua dupe kilm djnh v i tie nhin dde hai khie a l l vdi een ngudi va sinh vft,- khdng thai khdi bgi ed chit, mul dfc hai vin khdng khi;
phit t i n bUe xa, phdng xa, cdc chit ion hda vupt qui quy ehuin ky thuft mai tmdn; khang giy tting on v i df rung vupt qui quy ehuin ky ttiuat mdi trudng;
khdng nhap khiu va qua d n h chit ttiii tu nude n g d i dudl mpi hinh thUe; khdng nhip khau v i qui d n h ddng, ttiUe vft chua qua kilm dich, vi sinh vat va ehl phim sinh hpc ngoai danh muc eho phep; khdng sin xuit kinh dnanh sin phim nguy hsi chp con ngudi; sinh vft v i hf sinh thii; khdng sU dung nguyen vft lifu xiy dung chUa yeu to doe h?l vupt quy ehuan ky thuit chp phdp; khdng xim h?l cdng ttinh thilt bj, phuong tidn phgc vg hp0 ddng BVMT ciia nhi nude;
khdng thilt k l , thi edng hf thdng cdng trinh nhim che gllu hinh vi hiy heal mdi trudng; Chip hinh cie quy dinh vf DTM/KBM; quan trie mdi trudng: nudc thii, khi thii; Hf thing quin ly mei tmdng thep ISO 14001; giim sit mdi trudng; cdng khai thdng tin mdi trudng; Hf thing xil ly nude thii, khi thii, chit thii ran; thdng s l mdi trudng v l nude thil, khi thil, chit thii rln, bgi, tiing I n , dp rung; phdng ngUa, khie phgc su e l mdi trudng v i kit qui thanh kilm tra.
Tiiu chi khich quan
