KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Sllr DUIXIG BLIIM T H A I A O IXIUOl TDIVI T H E CHAIXI TRAIXIG [Litopenaeus %/annameii THAIVI CAIXIH TROIXIG C A Y
HOA HUE T R A I V G [Paiiantites tuijeras^
Nguyfin Lgc N i n h \ VO Hoang Vi^tS N g u y e n Nggc N h u Q u ^ S N g 6 M m h N h u l n S Ngd TTiuy DiSm Trang^
T6MTAT
Nghi&n ciru dupe thuc hi6n nhgm muc dich tan dung lai bim thai ao nuoi torn the chan trdng (Utopenaeus vannamei) d^ trdng hoa hue trang (Pobanthes tuberosa). Thi nghiem bd tri theo the thiic hoan toan ng&u nhi6n, gdm 4 lan l$p lai va 5 nghiSm thuc gom NTl: dat phii sa chuyen canh hue + bon phan; NT2: biin day + bon phan; NTS: biin day + bon phan + thach cao; NT4: dat phu sa chuyen canh hue khong bon phan va NT5: biin day khong bon phan. Ket qua cho thay su ket hop biin day + bon phan + thach cao (NTS) thich hpp cho hue trSng phat tridn vd sinh tnrong va sinh khdi cay, tuong duong voi cay trdng tren dat phii sa chuyfin canh hu& + bon phan (NTl). Smh khdi tuoi than va tdc do tang sinh khdi tuoi cua than a NTS tmmg ling 100,7 g/cay va 105,2 mg/ngay khong khac bi^t so voi cay trong a dat phii sa chuyen trong hu6 NTl va NT4. Ngoai ra, sinh khdi tuoi va tdc dP tang truong sinh khdi tuoi ciia rfi cay 6 NTS (tuong ung la 8,7 g/cay va 6S mg/ngay) cao hon so voi cay trdng a NTl. Cay hufi trdng 6 NTl (5,48 va 4,08 mg/g) va NTS (4,S5 va 3,39 mg/g) tich luy ham luong dam trong than va rk tuong duong nhau. Kdt qua nghien cuu cho thay kha nang tan dung biin day ao tom trong hue trdng giiip giam phat thai biin day vao moi truong, vira tan dung dupc dinh duOng c6 trong bun de trong cay.
Tii kh6a: Biin ddy ao tdm the chan tiing, hoa hue tring, sinh khdi, sinh trudng, bin vung.
I.GNn THIEU
Theo Nguyfin Van C6ng [1], tai ddng bang s6ng Ciru Long ff)BSCL) nudi tdm theo hinh thiic tham canh da cd tae ddng rat ldn den moi trudng do thiie an du thira, chat thai dang phan va chat bai tidt bi tich tu 1^ trong nude va nen day. Mpt vu torn tham canh tiiai ra mdt lugng biin thai la 111-137 m^ b i i n / h a / v u [21, ti-ong dd lugng hiru c o trung binh 1,35-2,2 t ^ / h a / v u ; tdng d a m (TN) h o n g khoang 33-79,8 k g / h a / v u va lan tdng (TP) la 24.7-50,2 k g / h a / v u . Do dd, neu bim day ao tdm khdng duge quan ly va x u ly tiidt dd till lupng chat hiru co, dam, lan nay s e la ngudn gay d nhifim mdi trudng lan can, a n h hudng ddn cugc sdng ctia nhirng h o dan x u n g quanh m a cdn anh hudng ddn k m h te nuoi h d n g thuy san.
Vifie tan dung bim thai day ao nuoi torn dd san xuat n6ng nghifip da duge nghien ciiu a DBSCL vdi kdt qua k h a thi [3]. Cay hufi h a n g (Pohanthes tuberosa) \a mgt h o n g nhiing cay h o a cd gia h i k m h te cao, cd the g a p 7-10 lan so vdi liia, nfin nong dan
' Khoa Moi truong va Tai nguyen Thien nhien, Trucmg Dai hpc can Tha
Email: nldtrang®ctu.edu.vn
viing DBSCL rat thich h d n g eay h u e h a n g [4]. Do dd, vific sir dung biin thai ao nu6i torn tham canh ket hpp ti-dng eay la m p t giai phap ben virng, gdp phan tai su dung lai bim thai, giam chi phi x u ly biin, va hon niia cd the tan dung ngudn d m h duong k h a eao h o n g biin d e cung cap cho cay, giam chi phi san xuat. Tir vific k e thira cac cong trinh nghifin ciiu tan d u n g biin thai tir ao nuoi thuy san da thue hien thanh cong h o n g quy mo nghien eiiu, dfi tai su dung biin thai ao nuoi torn t h e chan h d n g (Litopenaeus vannamei) tham cardi h d n g eay h o a hufi frang (Polianthes tuberosa) duge thuc hien nham giam phat thai biin day ao nuoi tom r a moi trudng ttr nhifin, h a n chd 6 nhifim m6i trudng.
2. PHUONG PHAP NGKEU CUU 2.1. C h u i n bi vAt lifiu thi nghidm
Thi nghifim duoc thue hien tir tiiang 5 den thang 9 nam 2019, tai n h a ludi Khoa Moi trudng va Tai nguyen thifin nhifin, TnKxng Dai h g e Can T h o . T h i nghifim duoc bd tri trong dieu kifin nha luoi, dam bao anh sang eho cay h u e smh trudng va phat trien (31,2 - 3 5 . 7 k L u x ) .
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 3/2020
KHOA HQC CdNG NGH|
Dat phii sa duoc thu tren dat chuyen canh trong hoa hue trang tai xa My Khanh, huyen Phong Di^n, thanh pho Can Thff (9°56'32"N, 105°40'12"E), dat duoc thu tren lip trong hoa hue voi do sau 20 cm.
Bim thai ao nuoi torn the chan trang thSm canh (co mat do nuOi 80-90 con/m^ duoc thu o huyen Tran De, tinh Soc Trang (9°27'53"N, 106°11'52"E). Dat va bim day truoc khi bd tri thi nghidm duoc thu mlu dai dien de xac dinh mot sd dac tinh ly hoa dat (Bang 1).
Dit va bim sau khi thu ve duoc phoi kho va sang qua mat luoi 2 X 3 cm nham loai bo tap chat CO trong dat va bim [51, luong dat sir dung cho thi nghi*ni la 5 kg/chau, luong nuoc tuoi cho tat ca cac nghiem thiic nhu nhau voi 500 mL/lan tuoi, luong nuoc tuoi dupc tinh toan dua vao 50 - 70% kha nang giii nuoc ciia dat [6], tiiy tiiuoc vao nhu cau nude cua cay timg giai doan, tan suat hioi nmic cho cay 2 ngay/lan va tiroi cay vao budi sang (8-9 gidf). Tdng luong nuoc tuoi trong 84 ngay thuc hien thi nghidm la 21 L/chau.
Bang 1. MOt sd dac tinh ly hda d^t va biin day su dung trone thi nehigm Thdng sd
pH (1:2,5) EC (1:2,5)
Kha nang giir niroc cua dat Am do
Ty trong TP TN Sa can dat
Donvi
mS/cm
%
%
g / c m ' m g / g m g / g
%Cat:%Set:%Thit
Dat chuyfen canh hue 5,61±0,05 1,00±0,00 27,50*0,0 4,43±0,06 2,20+0,08 1,44±0,03 0,69±0,02 11,3 :40,5:48,2
Biin day ao tdm 5,63±O,07 1,30±0,00 20,63±0,9 l,3Oi0,03 2,26+0,03 2,59±0,04 0,17±0,01 60,2:35,4:4,4 Cu gidng hoa hue Trang duge su dung la gidng
hue kep mua d xa Tan Hue, phudng Tan Quy Dong, thanh phd Sa Dec, tinh Ddng Thap. Cu hufi ed dudng kinh 3 4 cm, chieu dai cu va mam 6,84+0,24 em, khdi lupng cii tuoi 48,69+4,47 g/cu dupc sii dung hdng trong thi nghiem. Chau nhua duge su dung de hdng cay cd chidu eao x dudng kinh, tuong iing 22 em x 28 cm va dirge khoet 2 16 nho dudi day (02) de thoat nude (Hmh 1).
2.2. Bd tri thi nghiem
Thi nghifim duge bd tri theo the thirc hoan toan nglu nhien vdi 5 nghiem thiic, mdi nghiem thirc vdi 4 lan lap lai (Bang 2). Trdng 3 cu hue gidng/chau Iue ban dau, ddn dgt bdn thuc lan 1 (30 ngay sau hdng), cay dugc tia bdt cdn de lai 1 cay/chau (Hinh 1).
Cdng tbiic phan bdn duoe ap dung theo ky thuat canh tac cua Bd Nong nghidp va PTNT [7], hong qua trinh hdng bdn kdt hop mot sd loai phan urfi (46% N), DAP (46% P^Os. 18% N) va KNO3 (46% K,0, 13% N) de cung cap dinh duong cho cay phat trifin.
Thi nghifim ed 5 nghiem tinic bao gdm NTl; dat phii sa chuyfin canh hue + bdn pban; NT2: bim day + bdn phan; NT3: bun day + bdn phan + tiiach cao; NT4: dat
phu sa chuyen canh hufi khdng bdn phan; va NT5:
bim day khdng bdn phan (Bang 2).
2.3. Theo dOi sinh tnrdng ciy va danh gia I^ hda tinhd^t
2.3.1. Theo ddi sinh trudngciyhui Chieu eao, sd la va sd ehdi eiia cay hu^ dupc theo doi va ghi nhan 14 ngay/lan cho den khi k^t thuc thi nghiem. Sd cay danh gia cho mdi n g h i ^ tinic la 4 cay (hay 1 cay/chau nhua, la mgt nghieni thiic). Tdng sd chdi/cay dugc ddm trfin mdi cum chdi, khi ehdi cao duge 0,5 cm. Chieu cao eay dirpc do tir gde den la dai nhat ciia eay. Chidu dai phat hoa duge do bang thudc tir gdc ddn dinh cao nh^t cua phat hoa liic thu hoaeh. Den khi cay ra hoa tidn hanh thu hoach eay, do chieu dai phat hoa, sinh khdi tuoi va kho ciia than va cii.
Hinh 1. Md ta ckc nghifim thtic
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 3/2020
KHOA HOC C d N G NGHE
Nghidm thtic
NTl NT2 NTS NT4 NTS
BSng 2. Nghiem thiic.
T6n nghiem thiic
D^t phii sa chuyOn canh hue + DAP va ure Dat bim day ao tdm + DAP vaure
Dat biin day ao tom + DAP va urg + thach cao Dat phii sa chuydn canh hue - khong phan bdn Dat biin day ao tom - khong phan bdn
nhx lupng v4 thdi di&n bdn phSn cho cic nghiem thiic Bdn lot
(g/chau) CaS04.2H,0
3,0
Bdn thiic (g/chau) L a n l
(30 NST) DAP
1,8 1,8 1,8
Ure 1,8 1,8 1,8
Lan 2 (50 NST - gan xay ngii)
Ure 0,45 0,45 0,45
KNO3 0,45 0,45 0,45
Tdng N, P, K nguyen chat N 1,418 1,418 1,418
P , 0 . 0,828 0,828 0,828
K2O 0,207 0,207 0,207
Ghi chd: NST: ngiy sau ti-dng; DAP: phan DAP CO 46^ P^OsViimN; phan ure cd 46% N; phan KNOsCd 46%K20val3%N.
2.3.2. Thu vaphin tich miu dat
Dat phu sa va bun day trudc va sau khi bd tri thi nghifim dupe xu ly kho tu nhien hong didu kifin nhidt dd phdng. Sau do nghien qua ray cd mat ludi 0,5 mm de tien hanh phan tich cac ehi tieu do dan difin (EC), gia bi pH, tdng lan (TP), tdng dam (TN) va ty trgng theo phuong phap chuan APHA [8] hong bangs.
2.4. Tinh toan vA xu 1^ sd li^u
Tdc dp tang trudng smh khdi cua than va rfi (mg/ngay) eua hue hang dugc tinh dua vao (khdi
Bang 3. Phirong phap phan tich mpt s6 chi tifiu trong d^t
lugng liic thu hoaeh - khdi luong ban d^u)/sd ngay hdng.
Tdc do tang tnrdng tuong ddi (RGR - mean relative growth rate) la miic sinh trudng smh khdi kha hong mgt don vi thdd gian (mg/g/ngay), duge tinh hfin su thay ddi vd sinh khdi cay, duge tinh dua hfin cong tiiirc Fisher [9], RGR=(hiW2 - hiW^/(t2 - tl) hong dd Wl, Wg la khdi lugng cay tai thdi diem bat dau bd hi thi nghifim tj, va thdi gian thu hoaeh tj (ngay).
Chi tieu Ty hgng EC pH TP TN
Donvi g/em^
mS/m mg/g mg/g
Phuong phap Phuong phap picnometer
Do EC bang may do Milwaukee cam tay (ty le ly trich datmude la 1:2,5) Do bang may pH cam tay Hanna 8424 (ty lfi ly trich datmude la 1:2,5) Cong pha va so mau a bude sdng 880 nm
Phuong phap Kjeldahl Sd Ueu cae lan lap lai cua timg chi tifiu dupc tdng hgp, tinh toan bang phan mdm Microsoft Excel 2013.
Str dung phan mdm thdng ke Statgraphic Cenhinon XV (StatPomt, Inc., USA) dd phan tieh phuong sai mdt nhan td (one-way ANOVA). So sanh trung binh cae nghidm thuc dua vao kiem dinh Tukey d miic 5%.
Sir dung phan mdm Sigmaplot 14.0 (San Jose, California, USA) dd ve bidu dd.
3. KFT QIU VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Smh trudng cua cSy Hud h ^
Chieu cao eay hue a tat ca nam nghifim thiic (NT) deu tang theo thdi gian nghifin ciiu va cd su khac biet giiia nam NT (p<0,05; Hinh 2B), ngoai trtr ngay thii 42 va 56. Sau 84 ngay hdng, ehieu cao eay hufi d NT3 (bim day ao + phan bdn + thach cao) cao nhat 78,3 cm va tang 44% so vdi cay trdng d NT5 (bun day ao). Tdc do tang ehieu cao cay (mm/ngay) d NT3 tuong duong vdi NTl (dat chuyfin canh hue + phan bdn) (p>0,05; Hmh 3), nhung cao hon ba nghiem thirc cdn lai (p<0,05; Hinh 3).
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 3/2020 79
KHOA HOC CONG NGH|
Mgt sd nghifin ciiu khac cung ghi nhan tuong tu, su tang hudng cua cd linh lang (Medicago sativa) da tang lfin 10-40% bang cae phuong phap bon bd sung thach cao [10]. Ngoai ra, Azza etal(2011). [11] cung da ghi nhan, vifie bdn bd sung luu huynh va thach cao lam tang dang kd su tang tnrdng cu the nhu chidu cao cay va dudng kinh than. Tuy nhifin, chieu dai phat hoa ciia cay hue hong nghifin cuu hifin tai la tuong duong nhau giira nam NT (p>0,05; hinh 3).
Tuong tu, sd chdi va sd la cay cting khong ed su khac bifit giua cac nghifim thuc (p>0,05), ngoai trir sd la eay a ngay tiiir 84 (p<0,05; hinh 2D), NT3 cd 26 la/cay cao hon so vdi NTS (17 la/cSy). Tdm lai, ket qua cho thay sir ket hgp biin day va thach cao thieh hpp cho cay hue trdng phat tridn ve chieu cao cay va so la, va eho ket qua tuong duong voi cay hdng hfin d^t chuyfin canh hdng hufi hang cd bdn phan (NTl).
3.2. Sinh khdi va tdc dd tang trudng sinh khdi ciia cay hud
IH^^Lttnl
d nghifim tiuic NT3 (hrong ling 100,7 g/cay va 105,2 mg/ngay) khong khac bifit so vdi cay hdng a dat phii sa chuyfin hdng hufi (NTl va NT4). Tuy nhien, sinh khdi tuoi va tde do tang trudng smh khdi tuoi ciia rfi cay a NT3 (hrong iing la 8,7 g/cay va 63 mg/ngay) cao hon so vdi NTl. Didu nay eho tiiay cd the do bun day CO kha nang giir nude kem hon (Bang 1), do do vific gia tang tdc dp tSng trudng sinh khdi tuoi rfi cSy hong nghifim thiic co bim day nham de cai thidn kha nang hap thu nude cua eay [12].
rfly (mm/ngty)
Hinh 2. Hinh tiiai ( ^ , chidu cao eay (B), sd chdi (C) va sd la (D) ciia cay hu$ a nam nghifim thiic theo
thdi gian
Ghi chu: Trung binh + do lech chuan (n=4);^-^-'^:
khic ky tiili khac biet cd y nghia thdng ki giira cac nghiim thuc tiong cimg mot mdc thai gian dua theo Idem dmh Tukey (p<0,05).
NTl: di't chuyin canh hue + phin bdn; NT2: dat bim day ao + phin bdn; NTS: dat bim day ao + phin bdn + thach cao; NT4: di't chuyin canh hui - khong phin bdn: NTS: di't bim diy ao - khdng phan bdn
Sinh khdi tuoi ciia than va toe dp tang smh khoi tuoi eiia than giiia nam nghifim thiie khac bifit ed y nghia thdng kfi (p<0.05: hinh 4 ^ . Trong dd, sinh khdi turn tiian va tdc dp tang sinh khdi tuoi ciia than
Hmh 3. Tdc dO tang chidu cao cay ( ^ va chidu dai phat hoa (B) ciia cay hu^ 6 5 n ^ ^ m thiic Toe do tang sinh khdi kho cua phan than cay b NT3 la 11,3 mg/ngay, tuong duong vdi cac n g h i ^ tiuic cd chat ndn la dat phii sa chuyfin hdng hu^
(NTl va NT4) (p>0,05; hinh 4B). Tuong tu tdc dO tang smh khdi tuoi ciia rfi, gia tri RGR sinh khdi khfl cua rfi cay cung dat tdc do eao nhat d NT3 la 1,35 mg/g/ngay. Theo Toma et al(1999). [13], vific sir dung tiiach cao eho dat da eho thay tac dung cd lgi vi Ca^"^ di chuydn vao hong dat, do dd cai thifin su tang trudng eua rfi va giam eang thang nhu cau nude [14j.
^ Sml kh^i nmi/kbo Hiin (|| ^ TDC i<i ling sinli kkoj Imnlilia [bin {v^^
^Siiihk!io(inriflJi6rT(g) CZB TiciJ¥(ii|jinhUiili«i*Ki4(B((il)
!==> RGR linh hioi kii5 diai \^^ii») tZZ2 RGR nnli lihai khi A (m^g/ip;)
I ^™ (A)
Hmh 4. Smh khdi v i tdc dO tang sinh khdi hroi (A);
smh khdi, tdc dd tang sinh khdi khfi va RGR (B) ctia p h ^ tiian va rS cay hu0 tr^ng b nam nghi$m thiic
KHOA HOC CbNG NGHl 3.3. Dac tinh I^ hda dit, biin day ao va ham
lupng N . P h o n g cay
3.3.1. Gii tri EC, pH va ty trong di't va bun diy ao
Gia tri EC hong d^t va biin day ao dau vao (tirong ling 1,0 va 1,3 mS/m; bang 1) cho thay, do b ^ chsit bim day ao nfin gia hi EC trong biin day cao hon hong dat phu sa hdng hufi chuyfin canh. Tuy nhifin, khi ket thue thi nghifim, EC hong nghifim thire eh& nen phii sa M cao hon hong biin day ao (Hinh 5A), hong dd, EC hong nghifim thiie cd bd sung phan bdn (NTl) cd EC vugt cao gan gap 3 lan so vdi dau vao. Gia hi EC hong tat ca nghiem thue cd biin day ao deu giam hon EC dau vao. Cd thd dat set pha thit cd kha nang giir nude (bang 1) va kha nang tich My chat dinh duong eao [15], lam eho gia tri EC hong dat phii sa NTl tang lfin.
Gia tri pH hong dat va bun day ao dau vao la tirong duong nhau (tirong iing 5,61 va 5,63; bang 1).
Tuy nhien, khi kdt thiic thi nghifim gia tri pH trong bim day ao NT2 va NT5 dat cao nhat (p<0,05; hinh 5B), kd ddn la NT3, NT4 va NTl, deu giam hon so vdi gia tri pH dau vao. Dac biet NTl cd gia h i pH ttiap hon so vdi eac nghiem thiic cdn lai 4,84 (p<0,01;
Hinh 5B), cung vdi dd su smh trudng cua cay eiing gdp phan lam cho pH ciia dat giam do eay hap thu dinh duong vdi dang ion va chiing thudng ehiem cation nhieu hon anion [16]. Viec bdn bo sung thach cao vao bim day ao d NTS lam giam gia tri pH it hon so vdi eac nghiem thuc biin day ao khong bdn thach cao (NT2 va NT5), duge ghi nhan tuong hr hong cae nghifin euu hude dd bdi Gharaibeh etal(2009). [17]
vkP>is\iadetal(2015).m].
Hinh 5. Gia tri EC (A), pH (B) vA ty hgng df(t vA bim trong nam nghidm thue liic thu hogch
Gia tri ty hgng hong dat phii sa chuyfin hdng hufi va bim day ao la tuong duong nhau (2,20 va 2,26 g / c m ^ , nhd hon 2,40 g/cm^, cho thay dat va bim day ao dfiu cd lugng mim cao [15]. Theo Barros et al(2004). [19], sir dung thach cao va hdn hgp thach eao cd hifiu qua hong viee dieu chinh im do eua dat, dugc bieu thi bang tae ddng tich cue ddn cae dae tinh vat ly va hda hge cua daL Ket qua ty hpng hong dat va bim day ao deu giam hon so vdi man dau vao. Dat da giam su nen chat, tao ra mgt radi trudng thuan lgi hon eho su phat trien cua rfi.
3.3.2. Ham luang N, P trong dat, bun vi ciy Dat phii sa chuyen hdng hufi dugc sir dung hong nghien eiiu cd ham lugng N (0,69 mg/g) cao hon hong bun day ao (0,17 mg/g) (Bang 1, dae tinh dat va biin dau vao). Nhung sau thdi gian hdng cay ham lugng tdng dam cd hong dat phii sa a nghifim thuc cd bdn phan (NTl) va khong bdn phan (NT4) deu ed xu hirdng giam so vdi dau vao, tuy nhifin, vdn cao hon so vdi cac nghifim thiic cd chat nen la bim day ao (NT2. NTS va NTS) (Hinh 6A). Nhin chung, t^t ca nghifim thiic cd bdn hay khong bdn thfim dam thi ham luong tdng dam hong d^t va biin liic thu hoach ddu giam di so vdi ddu vao, didu nay eho thay cay hue da hap thu thfim mpt phan dam cd sin hong dat va bim.
Ngugc lai vdi xu hudng cua dam, tdng lan hong bim cd bd sung thach cao dat gia tri cao nhat (4,85 mg/g) va cao hon so vdi gia tri ddu vao (2,59 mg/g;
Bang 1). Vific bdn thach cao lam tang ham lugng ion va Ca^"^ hong dung dich dat [20], lam tang kha nang hap phu PO^^ manh hon [21] va cd the kdt hia va tao phiic hgp vdi Ca^* [22], lam giam bdt dang hda tan cua P trong dat [23]. Chinh qua trinh nay da lam han che bdt kha nang hap thu P cua cay hue va ham lugng lan tieh luy hong than va rfi cay d NTS (4,08 va 5,37 mg/g) thap hon so vdi nghifim thiic bim day khdng bdn tiiach cao (NT2), rifing ham lugng TP tieh liiy hong rfi cay d NT2 cao gap 2 lan so vdi cay hdng d NTS. Chinh vi the, de cay hap thu nhieu P hong bim (hay ndi khac di giiip giam bdt P hong bim) thi can ed giai phap hd h p vifie phdng thich P eho cay dfi hap tiiu, hoac chgn ddi tirgng cay ed kha nang hap tiiu P tdt hon.
Nguoe lai vdi xu hudng dam hong dat va bim day, cay hufi hdng a NTl va NTS tich luy ham lugng dam hong phan than eao nhat (p<0,05; hinh 6C).
Tdng dam duge eay tich luy hong phan than va rfi NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 3/2020 81
KHOA HOC C O N G N G H i eay hue d NTl (5,48 va 4,08 mg/g) tuong duong 6
NTS (4,35 va 3,39 mg/g). Ham lugng N tdng trong bim day d NTS ban dau tiiaip hon 3 lan so voi hong dat phii sa ban dau (NTl), nhung eay hue co kha nang tich luy ham lugng N trong phdn than la gidng nhau giira hai nghifim thiic NTl va NTS. Qua do, cho thay, sir bd sung thach eao hong bim day ao gop phan cho dam huu dung nhieu [24], nfin eay ed the hap thu va tieh luy N hong than nhidu. Su tich luy N
trong phan r^ cay d NTS cung tiid hien tuong tiJ, cy tiie la rfi cay tich luy ham lupng N gi^"& ^^ ^^^
trong a nghifim tinic NTl va NT4 (ndn dat phii sa).
Mgt lan nua khang dinh vific bdn bd sung tiiach cao vao bim day ao da phdn ndo cai tiiien anh hudng sinh tnrdng eay hufi khong ehi do man, ma cdn bd sung ngudn Ca^* hda tan, tiiam gia hieu qua cae ho^t dOng hong dat [25].
N[.hivm Ihuc
Hinh 6. Ham lugng TKN (A),TP (B) h ^ n g d l t v a b ^ ; cSy hu$ Iiic ihu hoach Tom lai, qua kdt qua ham lirong tdng dam va tdng lan hong bim day ao sau thdi gian nghifin cuu giam di, eu the hong nghifim thirc bim day ao khdng bdn bd sung phan bdn (Hinh 6), lugng tdng dam va tdng lan giam tuong iing 50 va 2596 so vdi ham lugng ed hong bim sii dung dau vao (Bang 1). Ngoai ra, eay hue hdng d NT bim day ao khong bdn bd sung phan bdn ed kha nang sinh trudng va phat trien tuong duong vdi eay hufi hdng d dat phii sa chuyfin canh hufi biin day ao khong bdn bd sung phan bdn (Hinh 2, 3 va 4). Hon nira, qua kdt qua su tich luy dam, lan vao phdn than va rfi cua cay hue (Hinh 6) mgt ldn niia da khdng dinh kha nang tan dung dinh duong dam, lan trong biin day ao de trdng hufi trdng la kha thi. Tir do, gnip lam giam vifie thai bun day gay d nhifim moi trudng, vira tan dung dugc dinh duong cd hong biin de hdng hue mang lai hifiu qua cao eho ngudi san xuat.
4. KET LIMN VA KHI NGHI
Biin day ao nudi tom the chan trdng cd bdn phan d^m, lan va bd sung thach cao gdp phdn cai thifin
ham lugng TKN (C) v a T P (D) hong p h ^ tiidn va rS ciia nam n g h i ^ thuc
smh trudng, smh khdi va kha nang hap thu N cua cay hue hang va tuong duong voi eay hdng hong dieu kifin dat chuyfin canh hufi cd bdn phan. Ket qua khang dinh kha nang tan dung biin day ao tom trong cay hue hdng giup giam phat thai biin day vao m6i tnrdng, vira tan dung dinh duong ed hong biin ii trdng cay. Can cd them danh gia ve mot sd giai phap phdi hgn, ket hgp mgt sd dang phan hiru co de tang kha nang giir nuoc cho biin.
LUCAMON
Nghien cuu niy duac tii ti(r bdi kinh phi tu dS tai nghiin cuu khoa hoc cdng nghe cap ca sa TSV2019-75, duac cap bdi Truong Dai hqc Ch Tha.
TAI UEU THAM KHliO
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USE OF SEDIMENT FROM INTENSIVE WHrTEUEG SHRIMP {Utopenaeus vannamed POND FOR PLANTING TUBEROSE (Pohanthes tiibemsa)
Nguyen Loc Ninh, Vo Hoang ^ e t Nguyen Ngoc Nhu Quynh, Ngo Minh Nhuan, Ngo Thuy Diem Trang Siunmary
The study was conducted in the greenhouse to aim at reusing whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) pond sediment to grow tuberose (Polianthes tuberosdi. Tlie expenment was arranged in a completely randomized design with four replicapons and five treatments consisting of (NTl): alluvial soil for tuberose cultivation + fertilizer; (NT2): shrimp pond sediment + fertilizer, (NTS): shrimp pond sediment + fertilizer + gypsum; (NT4): alluvial soil for tuberose cultivahon without fertilizer; and (NTS): shrimp pond sediment without fertilizer. The results showed that the treatment of NT3 (shrimp pond sediment + fertilizer + gypsum) was suitable for P. tuberosa growth and biomass, which were similar to the plant grown in treatment of alluvial soil for tuberose cultivahon + fertilizer treat (NTl). Shoot fresh biomass and its growth rate of P. tuberosa in the treatment of NTS were 100.7 g/plant and 105.2 mg/day, respectively, which were similar to those plants grown in the treatments of NTl and NT4 (alluvial soil for tuberose culPvaUon). In addition, root fresh biomass and its growth rate of P. tuberosa m the treatment of NTS (8.7 g/plant and 63 mg/day, respecUvely) were higher than those grown in the treatment NTl. The P. tuberosa accumulated similar amount of nitrogen in the shoot and root in the Ueatment NTl (5.48 and 4.08 mg/g) and NTS (4.35 va 3.39 mg/g), respectively. The results of the study indicated that the abibty of reusing whiteleg shrimp
^ pond sediment to grow tuberose helped to reduce sediment discharging to the environment as well as was reusing nutrients in sediment to grow plant.
Keywords: Biomass. growth, Pohanthes tuberosa, sustainable development, whiteleg shnmp pond sediment
Ngudi phan bifin: PGS.TS. Nguyen Thi Kim Ly Ngdy nhdn bai: 27/9/2019
Ngay thdng qua phan bidn: 28/10/2019 Ngay duydt dang: 4/11/2019
84 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 3/2020
