KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
AIVH HUOIXIG H O A T D O M E C U A IVHA M A Y X U LY C H A T T H A I R A | \ I S I I V H H O A T K H E GIAIMG DEIM C H A T LUOIMG
M O I TRUOIMG XUIMG QUAIMH
Nguydn Thg Bmh^ ^ Cao Trudng Son^- ^ Dinh Thj Thu', Nguy&i Thi My' T6MTAT
Nghien cihi nay dugc thuc hien nham danh gia anh huong cua Nha may xii ly chat thai ran (CTI^ smh hogt Khe Giang d^n chat lirgng moi trudng dat. nude, khong khi frong pham vi ban kinh 500 m xung quanh nha mdy, Cac phirong phdp thu thap so Heu thii cap; lay mdu va phan tich moi trudng; so sanh vdi cac quy chuan mdi trudng da duoc sir dung. Ket qua nghien ciiu chi ra ring Chat Iuong moi truong nuoc mat frong ban kinh 500 m quanh nha may da bi 6 nhi^m bdi cac chat hiru cokhi nong do COD, BOD va amoni da vugt qua nguOng cho phep ciia QCVN08:2015 cot BI. Chat lugng moi tnrdng dat, nuoc dudi dat va khong khi hien con khd tdt khi cac thong sd theo doi deu nim dudi ngirong cho phep cua cac quy chuan moi tiirdng hien hanh. Anh hudng cua nha may xir ly chat thai ran sinh hoat Khe Giang den moi tnrdng nude mat va khflng khi Id ro rang khi ndng do cac chat 6 nhiem trong hai moi trudng nay deu cd xu hudng gia tang. Ngugc lai anh hudng cua nha may d^n chal lugng mdi trudng dat va nude dudi ddt khong ro rang.
Tii khda: Anh budng, chat lupng nidi trudng. nha may xdly chat thai dn sinh boat Khe Giang.
I.MOBAU
Nha mdy xu ly CH? sinh boat Khe Giang ddt lai xa Thugng Ydn Cdng, thanh phd Udng Bi dugc dua vdo hogt ddng hi ndm 2016 vdi cdng suat dot rdc 200 tiin/ngay da gdp phan giup cho tinh Quang Nmh ndi chung va thdnh phd Udng Bi ndi ridng giai quydt hidu qua van de CTR phdt sinh va bao ve mdi trudng xanh-sach-dep. Tuy nhien trong qua frinh hogt ddng va vdn hanh nha may UBND thanh phd Udng Bi cd nhdn duoc nhieu y kidn cda guoi ddn ve cac tdc ddng cua nha mdy xie ly CTR Khe Giang den moi trudng khu vuc xung quanh (UBND thanh phd Udng Bi, 2018). Tren thuc te boat ddng ddt rac neu khong dugc kiem sodt nghidm ngat cd the lam phat sinh nhidu chat d nhidm thii cap (dac biet la dioxin), gay tdc dgng xau den chat luong mdi trudng va ddi sdng cua ngudi dan xung quanh cac khu vuc Id dot rac da dugc canh bao (Bg Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng. 2013). Do dd, quan frdc vd giam sdt chat luong mdi trudng xung quanh cac nha may ddt rac la viec lam can thiet de kip thdi phat hien cac tdc ddng xau vd dua ra nhimg giai phdp can thiep kip thdi nhdm bao ve mdi tnrdng va siic khoe ngudi dan. Nghidn ciiu nay dugc thuc hien nhdm danh gia anh hudng cua boat ddng dot rac cua nha mdy xu ly
CTR Khe Giang den chat lugng cdc thdnh phdn mdi frudng xung quanh nhir. dat, nude mdt, nude dudi dat, khdng khi frong khu vuc ban kinh 500 m xung quanh nha may.
2. PHUDNG PHAP NGHBI CUU 2.1. Dia di^m vd pham vi nghidn cdu 2.1.1. Dia didm nghien cdu
Nhd may xu ly CTR smh boat Khe Giang ndm tai dia ban xdm Khe Giang, thdn Tdp Doan, thdnh pho Udng Bi. Tdng dien tich khu vuc nhd mdy 59.149 m^
vdi cac hang muc cdng trinh gdm khu dieu bdnh (nhd dieu hdnh, nha true, trgm cdn didn tii, khu vuc de xe CBCNV). khu sdn xuat (khu nha mdy, xudng san xuat vd sdn bai vat heu) va khu vuc dat cay xanh (dudng di ndi bd, hdng rao xung quanh nha may vd he thdng thoat nude). Nha mdy xir ly CTR sinh hogt Khe Giang sir dung cdng nghe ddt rdc vdi cdng suat ddt 200 tan rac/ngay ddm. Nha may chinh thiic di vdo boat dgng tii ddu ndm 2015.
2.1.2. Pham vi nghien cthi
Chat lugng mdi frudng dat, nude, khdng khi khu vuc frong pham vi ban kinh 500 m xung quanh nhd mdy xu ly CTR Khe Giang dugc xac dinh la khu vuc chiu tac ddng (Theo QCVN07:2015/BXD).
Trung tam Ky thuat tai nguyen Dai \a Moi trudng ' Khoa Moi tnrdng. Hoc vien Nong nghiep Viet Nam
KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHt
2.2. Cdc phirong p h ^ nghidn ciiu 2.2.1. Thu thap sdheu thu cap
Thu thdp cac thdng tin. du lieu cd lidn quan tdi de tai tii UBND xd Thugng Ydn Cdng; Phdng Tai nguydn & Mdi truong thdnh pho Udng Bi vd Nha mdy xu ly CTR sinh hogt Khe Giang.
2.2.2. Phuongphap lay miu mdi trudng
• Mdu dat: Tidn hdnh lay 17 mdu dat tang mdt tgi cac khu vuc canh tac. dat vtrdn cua ngudi dan.
Trong dd cd 10 mdu frong pham vi ban kinh 500 m va 7 mdu ngoai pham vi ban kinh 500 m quanh nha may.
Cdc thdng so chat lupng ddt dugc Udn hdnh phdn lich gdm: pH, KLN (Cu. Pb. Zn. Cd, As). OC (chat hiru CO dat), CEC (dung Hch Cabion trao ddi).
• Mau nude mdt: 17 mau nude mdt dd dugc lay trdn muong nude vd ao khu vuc xung quanh nhd mdy dd tidn hdnh phan tich cdc chi Ueu: pH, do due, nhigt dp, DO, TSS. BODs. COD. NH^', NO3. P O / . Coliiorm, KLN (Cu, Pb, 2n, Cd, As). Trong dd. 10 mdu nude mdt dugc tidn hdnh lay frong pham vi lac dpng (trong bdn kinh 500 m) va 7 mdu ddi chung (ngoai ban kinh 500 m).
• Mdu nude dudi dat: 17 mau nude dudi dat dd dugc tien banh Idy lgi cac gieng khoan dang sir dung cua cdc ho gia dinh sdng xung quanh khu virc nhd may frong pham vi nghidn ciiu (bdn kinh <500 m) va khu vuc ddi chiing (bdn kinh >500 m). Cdc thdng sd chat luong nude ngam duoe lira chgn de phdn tich
gdm: pH. Eh. TSS. COD. N H / . NO3. KLN (Cu. Pb, Zn.Cd,As).
• Mdu khdng khi: Tuong tu mau ddt va nude 17 mdu khdng khi dd dugc tien banh Idy tai cac di^m khac nhau xung quanh khu vuc nhd may dd do dgc cac chi tieu: CO, NO., SO,.. TSP, PMi„. tidng dn.
Trong dd, 10 mdu khi lay frong phgm vi bdn kinh
<500 m va 7 mdu khi lay d phgm vi bdn kinh >500 m xung quanh nhd may.
Vj fri cua cdc mdu dat. nude, khdng khi xung quanh nhd may dugc md ta nhu frong so dd hinh 1.
Hmh 1. Vi fri My miu mdi frudng xung quanh Nhd mdy xu ly CTR sinh hogt Khe Giang Phuong phdp lay mdu cdc thdnh phan mdi tnrdng tuan thii theo quy dinh hidn hanh cua Bp Tdi nguyen vd Mdi trudng. Cac phuong phdn Uch cho timg thdng sd mdi tnrdng duoc chi ra trong bang 1.
Bang 1. C^c phuone ph<tp phdn tich thdn£ s& mdi
Th6ng so Phuong phap
Dat pH
l a N (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Zn) Tlianh p h ^ hat OC CEC Khfingkhi CO NO.
SO, TSP PM,„
f)o 6n
TCVN 5979:2007 SMEWW3111B:2012 TCVN 6862:2012 TCVN 8941:2011 TCVN 8568:2010 SOF.Fr.KXQ.03 TCVN 6137:2009 TCVN 5971:1995 TCVN 5067: 1995 40 CFR Part 50 method .Appendix J.
TC\'N 7878-2:2010
Thong sd tni6ng
Phuong phap Nuoc (nuoc mat va nuoc duoi dat) pH
EC DO Do due TSS COD BOD NH,- NO, FO,^
lO-N (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Zn) Coliform
TCVN 6492:2011 SMEWW2510B:2012 TCVN7325:2004 TCVN 6184:1996 TCVN 6625:2000 SMEWW5220C:2012 TCVN 6001-1:2008 TCVN6179-1:1996 SMEWW 4500-NO3E-2012 TCVN 6202:2008 SME\nV3111B:2012 T C \ \ 6187-2:1996
110 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
2.2.3. Miuvngpbip dinh gia mdi trudng YJk qua phdn tich cdc flidng so mdi trudng se dugc so sanh vdi cac quy chuan chat lugng mdi Irudng tuong ling ciia Bg Tdi nguydn va Mdi trudng.
cuth^:
• QCVN03:2015/BTNMT Quy chuan ky thudt qudc gia ve bdm lupng mdt sd kim loai ndng trong dat
- QCVN05:2013/BTNMT Quy chudn ky thudt qudc gia ve ch^t lugng moi trudng khdng khi xung quanh.
• QCVN08:2015/BTNMT Quy chuan ky thuat qudc gia ve chat lugng nude mat
• QCVN09;2015/BTNMT Quy chuan ky thudt qudc gia vd chat lupng nude dudi dat.
2.2.4. Phuong phap xu ly so lieu
Cic kdt qua nghidn cuu dugc tdng hgp, xir ly thdng ke md ta fren phan mem Excel 2007.
8. KFT QUA NGHBU CUU VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Cdc ngudn thai phM smh tu hogt dOng cua Nhd mdy xtr 1^ CTR sinh hogt Khe Giang
3.1.1. Khi tiiai
Khi thai phdt sinh ciia nha may chu yeu la tu cac Id ddt rac, ddy la ngudn tliai lidn tuc (do cac Id ddt rdc hogt ddng lidn tuc khdng nghi), ddc tnmg cua khi thdi Id dot Id chiia nhieu khi ddc hgi nhir CO, SO;,, bui. tham chi la Furan neu rac khdng duoe ddt d nhidt dd thich hgp. Ddc trung khi thai Id dot cua Nhd mdy xir ly CTR sinh boat Klie Giang dugc chi ra trong bang 2.
Bang 2. Ddc tnmg khi thai Id ddt rdc ciia Nhd may xir 1^ CTTR sinh hogt Khe Giang Thong sd
Bui Cacbonmonooxyt
Nito oxyt Luu huynh dioxit
Furan
Don vi mg/Nm' mg/Nm-' mg/Nm'' mg/Nnr' mg/Nm'
Ndng do 87,3 210,90
32,96 6,29 0.53
QCVN61:20 16/BTNMT
100 250 500 250 0,6 Ngudn: Cdng ty Cdphan Dau tir vi Xay dung
Viet Long. 2017 Hidn nay. nhd mdy da cd he thdng xu ly khi thai cua cac Id dot do dd cac khi doc vd but phdt sinh ddu da duoc xu ly dgt ngudng cho phep cua QCVN 61 trudc khi thai ra ngoai mdi trudng.
3.1.2. Nude tiiii
Nude thai phdt smh ciia nhd mdy gdm: Nude ri rdc phdt sinh tir khau tap ket rdc va Id dot rdc; nudc thai sinh boat cua can bd cdng nhdn vien lam vide frong nhd may.
Nude ri rac: do rac thai cua nhd may dugc ddt frong ngay nen lugng nude ri rac phdt sinh khdng nhidu. Tuy nhien. nude ri rac lgi cd thanh phdn cdc chat d nhidm rat phiic tgp nhir chat rdn lo liing (TSS). cac hgp chdt htiu (COD, BOD), chat dinh dudng (nito, phot pbo), cac chat vd co (KLN) vdi ham lugng cao ndn can ddc biel luu y.
Nude thai sinh hoat phdt sinh tir boat ddng sinh hogt cua can bd, cdng nhdn vidn ldm viec fruc Uep tai nhd mdy. Vdi sd lugng cdng nhan 70 ngudi lugng nude smh boat phdt sinh binh qudn ciia nha may vdo khoang 10.5 m^/ngay ddm.
Hien nay, toan bd nude ri rdc vd nude ri tir Id ddt dugc thu gom theo he thdng cdng frong nha xudng vd gdp chung vdi nude thai sinh hogt frong bd chtia nude thai chung. Hien tai nha may chi cd bd chira hai ngan de xtr ly so bd nude thai. Nude thai sau khi qua be Idng hai ngdn dugc bom vdo hd chiia xi Id dot nhdm tan dung kha nang lgc nude eiia xi Id. Tuy nhien, hd lgc nude thai cua nhd may khdng dugc xdy dung dung ky thuat khi khdng cd tudng bao quanh, khdng cd vdt lieu chdng tham day va thdm ngang.
Hieu qua xii ly ciia bien phdp ndy cung chtra dtrgc kiem nghiem vd mat khoa hgc.
3.1.3. Chdt thai rdn
CTR phat sinh cua Nha may xir ly CTR rdn sinh boat Khe Giang gdm:
Mc thii sinh hoat Phdt sinh do hogt ddng sinh boat eua cdn bp cdng nhan vien nha may. Lugng phdt thai vao khoang 50 kg/ngay ddm. Lugng rdc nay dugc thu gom va chuyen ddn bg phan tap ket rac cua nhd may de dot cung vdi lugng rac ma nha mdy tiep nhdn hang ngay.
Rac tai che: Rac tai che la lugng rac thai duoc phan loai frong khdu sdng loc cila nha may. Lugng rac nay se dugc nhd may tap ket trong kho vd dem ban phe heu.
Tro xi tu cac Id ddt rac: Phdn fro xi cdn lai sau qua trinh ddt rdc. Hien nay, lugng fro xi nay duoc nha may tan dung de lgc nude tiiai, sau dd van chuyen di chdn lap tai bai chdn lap chat thai rdn Khe Giang. Dieu dang chu y Id frong fro xi cua 16 ddt rdc chtia nhidu chat 6 nhiem vd co ndn khi su dung de
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE lgc nuoc cd the lam gia ting chat d nhidm frong nude
(Ngd Trd Mai va Bui Qudc Lap, 2015).
3.1.4. Chat thii nguy hai
Chdt thai nguy hai cua nha mdy phdt sinh do eac boat ddng siia chua, thay the, bao duong cdc loai thidt bi frong ddy chuyen san xuat. mdt phan phat sinh tir vide phan logi. sdng lgc. Thdnh phan chat thai nguy hai bao gdm dau bdi fron, dau diezen. ddu md thai, gie lau dinh dau, dc quy chi thai, bdng den huynh quang bdng.
Cac nguon thai phdt sinh ttr nhd mdy anh hudng tdi chat lugng mdi ti-trdng xung quanh qua nhieu cdch khac nhau. Trong dd, khi thai cua cdc 16 ddt rdc mdc du da duoe dira qua he thdng xii ly khi tiiai nhung vdn dua mdt luong ldn chat d nhidm vdo mdi Inrdng khdng khi. Cac chat 6 nhidm frong khi quyen nhu bui, khi dgc cd the hi nude mua hda tan, roi xudng ddt gay d nhidm ddt va nude cho cac khu vuc xung quanli nha may. Bdn canh dd, ngudn nude thai cua nhd mdy mdc dii phat sinh khdng nhidu nhung
hidn nay chua dupe quan ly chdt che dd bj t h ^ thau va rd ri ra ngodi thdng qua nude mua chn\- ti^ va qua tiinh tiiam tiiau gay 6 nhidm ddt. nuoc mgt va nude ngdm. Ddi vdi chat tiiai rdn hi^n duge nhd ly quan ly tdt va dem ddt cung rac Uiu gom ndn it tdc ddng den mdi tiirdng, ngogi tru luong xi than sii dung de lgc nude tiiai cd tiie lam ndng dd cac chdt d nhidm va tiidm tiidu ra bdn ngodi mdi fruong.
3.2. Hi§n trgng mdi trudng vd san xu^t ndng nghidp khu vyc xung quanh Nhd mdy xii ly CTR sinh hogt Khe Giang
3.2.L Hidn tr^g mdi tnidng nude m$t Ket qua phdn tich chat lugng nude mdt frong pham vi bdn kinh 500 m xung quanh nha mdy cd dau hi?u bi d nhi^m bdi chat hihi co (Bang 3). Cu thd, ty le mdu vugt chuan cua BOD Id 20%. COD la 20% vd NH," Id 70%. Ngodi cdc chat hiru co thi cdc tiidng sd con lai ddu ndm dudi ngudng cho phep eua QCVN08:2015/BTNMT cgt BI nhidu ldn.
B ^ 3 . Thong sd BOD COD N H / NO.,- P O / Coliform Cu Zn Pb As
Ch^t luong mdi trudng nude m$t xung quanh NhA miv xu 1^ CTR sinh hoat Khe Giane Don vi
mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/l mg/L MNP/100 mL
mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L
Bien ddng (nhd nhat - ldn nhat)
1.56-28,6 4,3 - 53,8 0.02-24,5 0.03-2,56 0.03-0,04 1.300-6.400
0.04-0,15 0.04-0,12 0,0015-0.0056
0,00430.0022
Trung binh 7,71 17,09 5,50 1,20 0,03 2.860 0,08 0,07 0,00 0,00
QCVN08:2015/
BTNMT Cpt BI 15 30 0,9 10 0,3 7.500
0,5 1,5 0,05 0,05
Tyl?
vuot chuan (%) 20 20 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ghi cbii: QC\^0S:2015-Cdt BI - Tieu cbuan chat luong nude mat dung tudi tidu tiiuy lai 3.2.2. Hidn trang nude dudi dat
Klia ndng ntrdc dudi dat hi 6 nhidm cd the do nguon ntrdc mat bi d nhiem, chdt d nhidm cd the hi tham thau theo cdc tang dat va di vao ntrdc ngdm.
Tuy nhien. ket qua phan tich cho thay chat lirgng
Bang 4. Ch^t lugng mdi trudng nude dudi d ^ xung quanh Nhd mdy xii ly CTR smh hoat Khe nude ngam frong khu vuc ban kinh 500 m quanh nhd may hien cdn kha tdt. Ngoai tiidng so COD cd ty le vugt chuan 20%. edn lgi lat ca cac thdng sd khac d^u cd nong dp thap bon nguong cho phep ciia QCVN09:2015 nhidu Ian.
Tlidng sd pH EC TSS COD
Don VI mS/cm
mg/L mg/L
Bien ddng (nhd nhat - ldn nhat)
6.42 - 7,25 0.04-0,37
4,0-21,0 1,24-8,96
Trung binh (n-lO)
6.81 0.18 11.67 3.17
QCVN09 2015/BTNMT
5.5-8.5
4.0
Tyle vu9t chuan (%)
0
20 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2019
KHOA HOC CONC NGHE
NH,- NO,
^Cu Zn Pb As Cd
mg/L mg/l rag/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L
0.01-0.94 0.04-0,92 0,031-0,052 0.048-0,052 0.0015-0043 0.0032 - 0,0057
0.00050,0009
0.15 0.27 0,042 0,050 0.0024 0.0045 0,0008
1,0 10,0
1.0 3.0 0,01 0,05 0.005
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.2.3. Hidn trang mdi trudng ddt
Kha ndng mdi tnrdng dat xung quanh Nhd mdy xii ly CTR sinh boat Khe Giang bi d nhidm den tir nguy CO Idng dpng cac chat d nhidm cd frong khi thai hodc th£m thdu qua nude thai ciia nhd mdy. Tuy
nhidn ket qua phdn tich cdc mdu ddt xung quanh kbu vuc ban kinh 500 m quanh nha may cho thay chat lugng dat khu vuc nay edn rat lot khi tat ed cdc thdng sd theo ddi deu ndm dudi nguong cho phep cua QCVN03:2015/BTNMT nhieu lan.
BSngS.Ch Thong sd pH OC CEC Cu Zn Pb As Cd
i t lugng mdi tnidng d^t khu vuc xung Don vi
%
mg/L mg/L rag/L mg/L mg/L
Bien ddng (nhd nhat - ldn nhat)
5.02-5,74 1,12-2,24 5.22 -14.50 40.6-58.4 64-100 26,8-42,0
4,2-7.81 0.31-0,94
quanh NhA miy xijr ly CTR sinh ho^t Khe Giang Trung binh
(n-lO) 5.36 1,59 8,76 47,75 80,5 35,5 5.29 0,55
QCVN03 2015/BTNMT
100 200 70 15 1.5
Tyle v u ^ chuan (%)
0 0 0 0 0 3.2.4. Hidn b-gngmdi tiudng klidng khi
Mdi trudng khdng Idii la thdnh phdn mdi tiirdng chiu tdc ddng nhidu nhat bdi boat ddng dot rdc cila Nha mdy xOt ly CTR sinh boat Khe Giang. Tuy nhidn.
nhd nhd may cd bo ti-i he thdng xir ly khi tiiai hodn chinh ndn khi thai phat sinh ciia cdc Id ddt rac ludn
bao dam quy chuan cho pbep trude khi thai ra ngodi mdi trudng. Nhd vdy. chat lugng mdi Inrdng khdng khi frong khu vuc bdn kinh 500 m quanh nhd mdy chua bi d nhidm, tdt ca eac thdng sd deu dat ngucmg cua QCVN05:2015/BTNMT.
B4ng 6. Chit luong mdi trudmg khdng khi khu vuc xung quanh Nha Thdng sd
Tieng dn TSP PMIO CO SO, NO.,
Don vi dB lig/nf lig/nf lig/ni' lig/m'
Bien ddng (Nhd nhat - Ldn nhjit)
4 0 - 6 4 5 8 - 8 5 30,2 - 52,5 2.520-2.850 4 0 - 6 8 5 8 - 8 4
Trung binh (n=10)
52,2 72,6 39,65 2.587 56,7 70,7
may xu ly CTR sinh boat Khe Giang QCVN05
2013/BTNIVIT 70 300 30.000
350 200
Tyle vuot chuan (%)
0 0 0 0 0 0 Qua kdt qua danh gia cac tlianh phan mdi trudng
trong ban kinh 500 in xung quanh Nha may xir ly CTR Khe Giang cho tliay chi cd duy nhiit mdi trudng nude mat bi tac ddng xau khi ndng do cac thdng sd BOD, COD va NH,* da vucrt qua ngudng cho phep ciia QCVN08:2015 vdi ty 14 mJu vuot chuin ISn luot la 20*, 20% va 70%. Cac thanh phiin mdi tnrdng cdn lai ddu cdn tdt khi cac didng sd quan trac deu dat
nguong cho phep ciia cac quy chuan chat luong mdi tnrdng hien hanh.
3.3. Anh hudng ciia Nhd mdy xir ly CHT? sinh hoat Khe Giang ddn mdi trudmg
De lam rd anh hudng ciia Nha may xu ly CTR sinh hoat Khe Giang den chat luong mdi tnrong xung quanh da tidn hanh so sanh su bien ddi ve chat hrong cac thanh phdn mdi trudng tai thdi didm hien
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHl tgi (2018) vdi chat lugng mdi truong trudc khi nhd
mdy di vdo hoat ddng (2015), sd beu mdi tiirdng ndm 2015 dugc ke thira frong bdo cdo DTM ciia nhd mdy (Cdng ty Cd phan Xay dung va Dau tu \'iet Long.
2015),cdcimgvi tn'lay mdu so vdi thdi diem hien tgi.
Mdt khde cung da lien hdnh so sanh chat lugng mdi trudng hien tgi frong bdn kinh 500 m vdi khu vuc ngodi pham vi ban kinh 500 m so vdi dng khdi nhd may.
3.3.1. Mdi tnidng nude mM
Bang 7. So sdnh ndng dp cdc c h ^ d nhi^m cd trong
* So sanh tiieo thdi gian
Ket qua so sdnh mdt sd thdng sd chat lugng mdi tiirdng cua khu vuc nghidn cuu tai thdi diem trude va sau khi nhd mdy di vao hoat dpng duge chi ra frong bang 7. Theo dd. so vdi ndm 2015 ndng do cua tiit ca cdc chdt d nhidm frong nude mdt eua khu vue nghidn eiiu deu tdng len dang ke. Trong do, nong dg cua COD, BOD, amoni, nitrat vd Coliform tdng ldn nhidu nhat, va dd vugt qua ngtrdng cho phep cua QCVN08:2015 Cdt BI.
nude n 4 t ciia khu vyc nghidn ciht theo thdi gian Thdng sd
TSS COD BOD,, Amoni Nitrat Cu Pb As Coliforms
Donvi tinh mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MNP/lOOml
Thdi 2015 (XI)"
3,60 1.55 2.2 0.009 0.12 0,0105 0,0021 0,0016 9
gian 2018 (X2)
90,50 31,35 16,88 16,79 2,27 0,1050 0,0034 0,0041 5.150
Bidn ddng A = X2-X1
86,90 29.80 14.68 16.78 2,15 0,0945 0,0013 0,0025 5.141
QCVN08:2015 CgtBl
50 30 15 0,9 10 0,5 0,05 0,05 7.500 Ghi chii: (*) Sd lieu tham khao tiong bao cao DTM cua nha may nSm 2015
* So sanh tiieo khdng gian ^^° ^ ^ ^ '^^^^ ^^b^g mdi tiudng tai khu vuc bdn kinh Ket qua so sanh ndng do cdc chat d nhidm trong
nude mdt tgi khu vuc chiu tae dgng (frong ban kinh
500 m quanh nhd mdy thap hon so vdi khu vuc ddi chiing khi hau hdt nong dp cac chat d nhidm ddu cd gia tri cao hon (trir thdng sd TSS vd amoni).
500 m) vd khu vuc ddi chiing (ngodi bdn kinh 500 m)
Bang 8. So sdnh chdt lugng mdi trudng ntrdc miit b^ng pham vi bdn kinh <500 m vd >500 m xung quanh Nhd may xii !y CTR smh boat Khe Giang
Thdng sd TSS COD BODs Amoni Nitrat Cu Pb As Coliforms
Donvi rag/1 rag/1 rag/1 rag/1 mg/l rag/1 mg/l mg/l MNP/lOOml
Ban kinh ngoai 500 m (XI)
66,67 7.37 4.20 0.53 0.65 0.1000 0.0038 0.0032 3000
Ban kinh 500m(X2)
59,20 16.22 8.12 6,95 1,23 0,0720 0.0024 0.0031 3.060
Bien ddng (X2-X1)
-7.47
QCVN08:2015 CgtBl
50 8.85 ; 30 3.92 15 6,42 0,9 0,58 10 -0,0280 0.5 -0,0014 0,05
•0,0001 0.05 60,00 ' 7.500 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Nhu vgy, cd the tiidy boat ddng cua Nha mdy xii
ly rac Khe Giang da cd nhiing anh hudng xau ddn mdi tiirdng nude mdt frong khu vuc ban kinh 500 m xung quanh nhd mdy. Ddc biet la su gia tang ndng do ciia eac chat him ca. dinh dudng da vtrgt qua nguong cho phep.
3.3.2. Mdi trudng nude dudi dat
Kel qua so sdnh chat lugng nude dtrdi dat cua khu vTJte lac ddng (pham vi 500 m) vdi khu vuc ddi chiing (ngodi 500 m) dirge chi ra frong hinh 2.
ddt d pham vi nay Id rdt nhd
ban kinh vd khdng
> 500 m nhung su chenh Idch dang kd.
17,75 18,85
Tim rrt'
tt $ $
Hinh 2. So sdnh ndng dd mdt sd ch^t d nhidm frong nude dtrdi ddt ciia khu vuc nghidn ciiu vdi khu vue
ddi chiing
Hinh 2 cho thdy ndng do amoni va nitrat frong nude ngam lai pliam vi ban kinh 500 m Id cao hon rd ret so vdi khu vuc ngodi pham vi ban kinh 500 m.
Ndng dg ciia cdc KLN lgi hai khu vye lac ddng va ddi chung cd su chdnb lech nhd. khdng dang ke.
3.3.3. Mdi trudng dat
Ket qua so sdnh frong hinh 3 cho tiiay mac dii ham lugng cac KLN frong dat frong pham vi ban kinh 500 m cao hon so vdi ndng dd cua chung frong
Bang 9. Bidn dOng vd ndng dd cac ch^t d nhilm frong mdi tnrdng khdng khi xung quanh khu vyc Nhd m ^ xu ly CUR Khe Giang
i:Banlinh<5a0m aBankinh>500m
Hinh 3. K^t qua so sdnh hdm lugng cdc KLN frong dat khu vue nghidn eiiu vdi khu vuc ddi chiing
3.3.4. Mdi tmdng khdng khi
* So sanh theo thdi gian
Ket qua so sdnh nong dd cac chat d nhidm khdng khi xung quanh nha mdy d hai tiidi diem 2015 va 2018 cho thay, mdc du, ndng do trung binh cua cdc chdt d nhidm d ca thdi didm hien tgi vd ndm 2015 deu ndm dudi nguong cho phep cua QCVN05:2015/BTNMT nhung nong do cua chung cd su thay doi ddng ke. Cu tb^: ndng dd ciia tat ca cdc chat khi nhu SO., NO.,vd CO d hien tai ddu cd su gia tang ddng ke theo thdi gian. Trong do. sir gia tang nong dd ciia NO^ la cao nhal. gap 3.900 ldn. SO^
vdi 3,42 Idn, CO lang gap hon 2 ldn, lieng dn lang 1,12 ldn. Chi cd duy nhal ndng do bui lo liing frong khdng khi la giam di 0,83 ldn so vdi Ihdi diem trudc khi nha may di vao boat dgng.
Thdng sd Bui la lung
Dodn SOj NO, CO
Donvi (ig/m^
dBA i"g/m'
\ig/m' lig/irf
2015' (XI)
94 50 19 0.02 1.237
2018 (X2) 78 56 65 78 2.583
Bien ddng A1.X2-X1
-15 6 46 78 1.347
QCVN 05:2015/
BTNMT 300
70 350 200 30.000 Gbi elm: (*) Sdlieu tham kliao tiong bao cao DTM cua nha may nam 2015
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
pham vi ban kinh 500 m cao hon so vcn khu vue ngoai 500 m nhung miic do gia tdng khdng nhidu. eg tiie: Bui lolling tdng 0,07 pg/nl^ SO. tdng 4.6 pg/nv' va NO. tang 7,27 pg/m^ Trong khi dd. tieng dn vd ndng do CO frong phgm vi bdn kinh 500 m cdn thdp hon so vdi khu vuc ngoai 500 m.
Bang 10. Sfr khdc bi§t v^ ndng dO cdc ch^t 6 nhidm trong mdi budng khdng khi giiia khu vyc bdn kinh 500 m ' Su thay ddi theo khdng gian
Ket qua so sanh ndng do cac chdt khi tai khu vue bdn kinh < 500 m vd > 500 m cho thay sy khdc biet ve ndng dd cdc chat d nhidm frong khdng khi ximg quanh nhd may la khdng ddng ke Cu the, ndng do cua cdc chat khi nhu SO,, NO, va bui lo liing frong
Thdng sd Bui la lung
Do dn SO.J NOj CO
Donvi Hg/ra' dBA (ig/m' (ig/m'
^g/ra'
vdngo^500m Ban kinh ngoai
500 m (XI) 72.33 56.00 59.00 70,33 2.617.00
xung quanh nh Ban kinh 500m(X2)
72.4 54,6 63,6 77.6 2550
Elmcty Bi^n ddng A-(X2-X1) 0,07 -1.40 4.60 7.27 -67.00
QCVN05:2015 BTNMT
300 70 350 200 30.000 Qua qud trinh so sanh chat lugng mdi trudng
cua khu vyc nghidn ciru vdi chat lugng mdi tnrdng tai khu vyc ddi chOmg, cung nhu so sdnh sy bien ddi chat lupng mdi trudng theo thdi gian ta cd the thay boat ddng ciia nhd mdy dd cd nbyng tdc dgng khd ro ret ddn mdi Irudng nude mdt vd mdi Inrdng khdng khi, ndng do cac chat d nhidm trong hai mdi tnrdng nay cd xu hudng tdng len. Tuy nhien, dnh hudng cua nha may tdi chat lugng mdi Irudng dat vd ntroe diroi dat chua rd rang.
4 . KETLUAN
Ket qua ddnh gia hien trang mdi trudng xung quanh Nha may xir ly CTR sinh boat Khe Giang cho thdy mdi birdng nude mat frong pham vi ban kinh 500 m quanh nha mdy dd bi d nhidm bdi cdc chat hiiu ca khi ndng do COD. BOD va amoni da vtrgt qua nguong cho phep ciia QCVN08-Cdt BI vdi ty le cac mau vugt chuan lan lugt la 20%, 20% vd 70%. Chat lugng cdc thanh phdn mdi trudng nude dudi dat, khdng khi vd ddt hien con khd tdt khi nong dd cdc thdng sd quan frdc deu ndm dudi nguong cho phdp ciia cac quy dmh hien hanh.
So sanh sy bidn doi chat lugng mdi tnrdng khu vue chiu tac dgng (bdn kinh < 500 m) va khu vuc ddi chung (ban kinh > 500 m) xung quanh nhd may vd sy bien ddi chdt lugng mdi tiirdng eua khu vye nghien cihi tai tiidi diem frudc (ndm 2015) vd sau (ndm 2018) khi Nhd may xii iy CTR smh hogt Khe Giang di vao boat ddng eho thdy anh hudng eua nhd
mdy d^n mdi tnrdng khdng khi vd mdi tiirdng nude mdt Id khd rd rdng khi ndng dg cua hdu hdt cdc thdng sd d nhidm frong hai mdi tnrdng nay d^u cd xu hudng gia tdng. Ngugc lai, anh huong cua nha mdy ddn chdt lugng mdi trudng dat va nude dudi dat chua rd rdng.
TAI L£U THAM KHAO
1. Bp Tai nguyen vd Mdi Irudng (2012). Bdo cdo hign frang mdi tnrdng Qudc gia ndm 2011: Chat thdi rdn. Hd Ndi.
2. B6 Xdy dyng (2016). QCV07:2016/BXD - Quy chuan ky thuat Qudc gia v^ cdc cdng trinh ha tdng ky thudt - edng trinh chieu sang.
3. Cdng ty Cd phdn Dau tu va Xay dyng Viet Long (2015). Bao cao danh gia tac ddng mdi trudng ciia Du an ddu tu xay dung nha may xu ly chdt thai rdn va nguyen b^u tai tgo cdng suat 200 tan/ngay.
4. Cdng ty Cd phan Ddu lu va Xay dung Vi$t Long (2017). Bao cdo: Ket qua quan frdc mdi truong Nhd mdy xu ly chat thai rdn sinh boat Khe Giang.
5. Ngd Trd Mai, Biii Qudc Ldp (2015). Nghidn ciiu thanh phan va de xuat each thtic su dung tro xi tir 16 ddt rdc sinh hogt phat dien.
6. UBND thanh pho Udng Bi (2018). Bao cdo long ket dy an: Ddnh gid tdc ddng mdi tnrong tir boat dgng cua Nha may xir ly chat thai rdn Khe Giang d^n san xudt ndng nghiep cua cac hg ddn.
116 NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 -THANG 9/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
EFFECTS OFTHE ACilVlT'lES OF KHE GIANG DOMETIC SOLTO WASTE TREATMENT FACTORY ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALTIY
Nguyen The Binh, Cao Truong Son, Dinh Thi Thu, Nguyen Thi My Summary
This study was caried out to assess effects of Khe Giang domedc solid waste treatment factory on environmental quality of soil, water and air in radius of 500 m around the factory. Main methods were used including secondary data collecling; environmental sampling and analyzing; and companng with environmental standards. The results indicated that: Surface water quahty in the radius of 500 m around the factory was polluted by organic substances when the concenfration of COD. BOD and ammonium exceeded the permitted threshold of QCVN08: 2015 column BL The environmental quality of soil, groundwater and air IS still quite good when the monitoring parameters are below the permitted level of the current environmental standards. The impact of Khe Giang dometic solid waste freatment factory on surface water and air is obvious when the concentration of pollutants ui these two environments tends to increase. In contrast, the influence of the plant on the environmental quality of soil and groundwater is not clear.
Keywords: Eifect, environmental quality, Khe Giang dometic solid waste treatment factory.
Ngudi phdn bien: GS.TS. Nguydn Xudn Cy Ngdy nhdn bdi: 15/3/2019
Ngdy thdng qua phan bien: 16/4/2019 Ngdy duyet ddng: 23/4/2019
