P H A N HLJfU Cd VI SINH TC/VO CA P H £
TS. Trinh Cong Tu, TTNCDat, Phdn bdn vd Moi truang Tdy Nguyen KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE - MOI TRlTOOVG
dkLak la tinh diing dau cd nudc ve ndng suat vd sdn lugng cd phe vdi. Cd dugc thdnh tyu do, can ke den viec khdng ngimg dau tu tham canh cho vudn cay, ddc biet Id thdm canh bang phan bdn. Song, neu nhu phan hda hgc Id yeu td dang dugc ngudi ndng dan chii trgng trong tham canh, thi phan hihi ca chi dugc su dung vdi lugng rat khiem tdn, cd nhirng vudn cd phe trdi qua hang chuc nam canh tdc nhung khdng hi dugc bdi dudng phan hiiu ca dudi bat ky hinh thiic ndo. Hdu qud la ddt trdng ngdy cdng bi thodi hda, chai ciing, lugng vi sinh vat cd lgi trong dat bi sut gidm, vudn cay xudng cap, nang suit vd hieu qud diu tu thip.
Trong khi dd, mdi , ndm tai DdkLdk cd hdng ^ , , ^ -^,^5^* • « r • ^ i ' ^ P^I ••. I ^
tram ngdn tin vd cd phi CHE BIEN VA SU DUNG thai ra trong qud trinh
che bien. Day Id loai vat lieu cd chiia 25- 30%
chit hiiu ca; 1,8- 2,0% ™ , ^ , , , , , „ , , „ , . , , , , , ^^l^ft^Jl N; 0,20- 0,30% P A ;
2,5-3,5% K^Ova nhilu
nguyen td tnmg, vi lugng thilt ylu nhu Ca, Mg, S, Zn, B.. .Tuy vay, trong vd ca phe lai chiia mdt hdm lugng khd Idn cellulose vd lignin, rdt khd phdn gidi trong dieu kien thdng thudng. Cho nen, tren thyc te nhieu cdng ty, ndng trudng vd hd ndng dan sdn xudt cd phe da bd phe hodc dot chdy ngudn nguyen lieu vd ndy, gay lang phi vd d nhiem ddng ke cho mdi trudng.
Hien nay cdc nhd khoa hgc da nghien ciiu sdn xudt dugc mdt sd loai che pham vi sinh vdt cd khd ndng phan gidi cellulose, lignin vd da dugc iing dung thdnh cdng trong viec phdn gidi vd cd phe, ciing nhu mdt sd vat lieu hihi ca khdc. Mdt trong nhiing che pham vi sinh vat phan gidi huu ca ndi bat hien nay Id Men U Vi Sinh Vat - Compost Maker cua Vien Thd nhudng Ndng hod, sdn pham da dugc Bd NN & PTNT cdng nhan la tien bd ky thudt vd cho phep luu hdnh tren todn qudc. Che pham Men U Vi Sinh Vat - Compost Maker da dugc nhieu Chuang trinh, Dy dn thu nghiem tai vimg Tay Nguyen nhu: Dy dn Phdt trien cd phe ben viing tai Krdng Pdk do td chiic EDE tien hdnh; Du dn Chudi gid tri cd phe tai Krdng Buk do GTZ tdi trg; Chuang trinh sdn xuat phan hiiu ca vi sinh d qui md hd gia dinh do Tram Khuyen ndng Krdng Pak trien khai...Hien tai Che pham ndy da dugc Trung tdm nghien ciiu Dit, phan bdn vd mdi trudng Tdy Nguyen, thudc Vien Thd nhudng Ndng hod phdt trien tai dia bdn Tay Nguyen.
Thilt nghT viec dua tiin bd ky thuat sir dung men ii vi sinh vat phan gidi vd cd phe thdnh phdn bdn phuc vu sdn xuit ndng nghiep d qui md cdng ty, ndng trudng, trang trai hodc hd gia dinh dl cdi tao do phi nhieu dit, tdng ndng suat cay trdng, cdi thien chat lugng sdn phdm, ha gid thanh diu tu, gidm thilu d nhiem mdi trudng Id cdn thiet vd phu hgp vdi xu the phdt trien cd phe ben viing hien nay.
Dudi day chiing tdi xin gidi thieu qui trinh che bien vd sii dung phan huu ca vi sinh tir ngudn nguyen lieu Id vd cd phe.
I. Nguyen, lieu (dl chi biln 1000 kg vd ca phe) + Vdcdphe
+ Phan chudng + Vdi bdt
+ Phan lan tecmo
1000 kg 200 kg 20 kg 50kg
THONG TIN KH&CN SO 1/2009 19
KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE - M O l TRlTONG +Phanure : lOkg
+ Ri dudng : I k g +Men ii vi sinh vat : I - 2 kg
2. Tdm tat qui trinh che bien 2.1. Phdi trdn nguyen lieu
Trdi 1.000 kg vd cd phe ra san (san dit) theo ludng. Rie 200 kg phan chudng, 20 kg vdi, 50 kg ldn tecmo vd 10 kg ure Ien ludng. Trdn diu nguyen lieu, kit hgp tudi nudc cho din khi ludng nguyen lieu cd im do khodng 60%. Dung bat phu ludng nguyen lieu lai dl trdnh mua nang.
2.2. Hoat hda men
Sau khi phoi trdn nguyen Ueu dugc 5 ngay thi tiin hdnh boat hda men bang each: hda 12 kg men ii vi smh vat h-ong 200 lit nudc sach, bd sung 1 kg ri dudng, 0,1 kg ure, khuiy diu.
2.3.U
Sau khi boat hod men dugc 4- 6", thi tiin hdnh tudi men (gdm cd nudc men vd phan can chua tan) Ien luong nguyen lieu vd trdn diu. Sau dd gom ludng rdng 250 cm, dai tuy y, cao 120 cm.
Dung bat phu kin de giu dm vd nhiet do.
2.4. Dao, nen ddng nguyen lieu
Sau 20 ngdy ii, tiin hdnh ddo trdn lai dong nguyen lieu mdt ldn nura, neu thieu am cd the bd sung. Gom, len luong vd giam de nen khdi nguyen lieu, dn dinh do cao khodng 100-120cm. Dung bat phu kin de giii am vd nhiet.
Sau khodng 3 thdng ii, nguyen lieu se hoai muc va cd the bdn cho cay.
3. Chat lugng phan hiiu ca vi sinh che bien tir vd ca phe
Ddng phan sau khodng 3 thdng ucd thdnh phan nhu sau:
-pH^a :5,0 6,5 - Chit huu CO tdng sd (OM): >20 % - Dam tdng sd (N) : 1,5 - 2,0%
- Lan hiiu hieu (Vfi,): 0,8 -1,0%
- Kali tdng sd (K,0) : 2,5 - 3,0%
- Vi smh vat cd ich : 10' -10' CFU/g 4. Hudng dan su dung
Phdn hiiu co vi sinh dugc che bien tir vd cd cd phe Id I loai phan hiiu ca tdt. Ngodi viec cung cap chat hiiu co vd mdt sd chdt khodng can thiet cho cay trdng, loai phdn ndy cdn bd sung vi sinh vat cd ich, gdp phdn cdi tao vd dn dinh do phi nhieu dat. Do dd, cd the dung de bdn Idt hay bdn thiic cho cay trdng.
Lieu lugng va phuong phap bdn Phan hiru co" vi sinh tir vd ca phe cho mgt sd cay trdng
Loai cay Caphe Hd tieu Cay dn qua
Lugng bon 4-5 kg/cay/ndm
3-4 kg/cay/ndm
3-4 kg/cay/ndm
Phuong phap bon
- Chia deu ldm 2 ldn, bon vdo dduvd giira mua mua - Bon theo rank quanh tdn cdy, sdu 10-15 cm. Bon xong lap ddt lai.
THONG TIN KH&CN SO 1/2009 20
