Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn C: Khoa hge Xd hgi. Nhdn vdn vd Gido dye: 33 (2014): 122-127
Tap chl Khoa hpc Tru'dng Ba\ hoc Can Thd website: sj. ctu. edu. vn
VAN BE GlOfI TRONG PHAN CONG LAO D O N G PHAT TRIEN KINH T^
NONG HO TRENDIABANHUYENPHUNGHIEP- TINH HAU GIANG Pham Ngpc Nhan^ Le Trdn Thanh Liem' va D6 Ngoc Diim Phuang' ' Khoa Phdt triin Ndng Thdn, Trudng Dgi hgc Can Tha
Thong tin chung:
Ngdy nhgn: 26/05/2014 Ngdy ch^ nhgn: 29/08/2014 TUle:
Gender in labor division in economic development of households in Phung Hiep district, Hau Giang province Tit khoa:
Gidi, phdn cdng, nong hg Keyword:
Gender, division, household
ABSTRACT
Today, rural women has an improvement of awareness about their position and roles in farming production activities, non - agricultural economic sectors, as well as social activities which contribute to the economic development of households. However, there are some women who do not understand clearly the legal rights in family, they often accept with the inequity in labor division in the household. The result of the study about the gender in labor division in household's economic development in Phung Hiep District, Hau Giang Province indicates that female accounts for 2.7%
of tillage activities in rice production, whereas male occupies the higher proportion, at 58.7%. Non-agricultural activities such as sale and purchase women play the key role, with 40%; trade and craft activities (as bamboo, water hyacinth and wicker weaving), with 87.9%. Besides, women are high appreciated in family financial management (37.3%); whereas men only accounts for 19.4%. The study also suggests some solutions to raising gender awareness in labor division of farm households.
TOM TAT
Ngdy nay, phu nii ndng thdn da ndng cao nhdn thirc vi tri vd vai trd cua hg trong cdc hogt dgng sdn xudt ndng nghiep, cdc ngdnh kinh ti phi ndng nghiip, cung nhu cdc hogt dgng xd hgi nhdm gdp phdn phdt triin kinh ti trong ndng hg. Tuy nhiin, vdn cdn mdt sd it phu nd chua hiiu ro quyiniyi^
mat phdp ly trong gia dinh, hg thudng hay chdp nhdn Sit thiiu cdng bdng trong phdn cdng lao dgng lgi ndng ho. Kit qud nghiin ctiu vdn di gidi trong phdn cdng lao ddng phdt triin kinh te hd tren dja bdn huyen Phung Hiep - tinh Hdu Giang cho thdy, nu gidi chiim 2,7% hogt dgng ldm ddt trong sdn xudt lua, nam gidi chiim ty li khd cao 58,7%. Cdc hogt dgng sdn xudt phi ndng nghiip nhu mua bdn nhd le phu ni^ giG: vai tro chd yeu chiim 40%, na gidi tham gia cdc ngdnh nghi thii cdng my nghi fihu dan tre, dan luc binh, dan Idt chiem ty li cao 87,9%. Ben cgnh dd, ni> gidi cdn dugc ddnh cao trong qudn ly tdi chinh cita gia dinh (chiim 37,3%), trong khi nam gidi chiim ty li thdp hem 19,4%. Nghien cuu con ggi md mgt sd gidi phdp nhdm ndng cao vai tro vd nhdn thuc ciia gidi trong phdn cdng lao dgng tgi ndng hd
1 DAT VAN BE
Trong xd hOi phdt ttidn, pham ttd gidi ngdy cdng dugc quan tdm vd la myc tidu de thuc day sy
phat tridn xa hOi ben vung. Cac linh vyc kinh td xd hOi d khu vyc ndng thdn bao gid cung kem phdt ttidn han so vdi khu vyc thdnh thi. Do vay ttong
Tgp chi Khoa hoc Trudng Dgi figc Cdn Tha Phdn C: Khoa hge Xahgi. Nhdn van vd Gida due: 33 (2014): 122-^7 cdc chuang trinh nghidn cuu vd ndng nghiep, ndng
thdn, vai ttd cua gidi ludn dugc quan tdm. Trong nghien ctiu vd cdc chinh sach xa hdi ddi vdi phy nft ndng tiidn vdo nam 1998 eua Ld Thi VTnh Nghi eho thdy luc lugng phy nu ndng thdn chiem han 50% lao dOng ttong ndng nghiep. Phu nd ngdy nay ed nhidu ca hOi tham gia vao tdt cd cdc ITnh vyc boat dOng kinh td, vSn hda xa hdi, an ninh, qudc phdng, chinh tti vd tu dd, ngdy cdng khdng dinh vi tti, vai ttd cua hp ttong xa hdi. Trong nhung nam gdn ddy, cd nhieu nghien ctiu vd gidi ttong sdn xudt ndng nghidp, vai ttd cua gidi ttong sdn xudt phdt tridn kinh td hO da dugc cdc nha khoa hoc ttong nude quan tdm, dua ra nhidu nhdn dinh vd vdn dd gidi ttong lao ddng sdn xudt phdt ttien kinh te ndng hO- Trong phgm vi nghien cftu ndy, tac gia dd cdp ddn muc dO tham gia quydt dinh eua phy nft vd nam gidi trong boat ddng san xudt tao thu nhdp nhdm phdt tridn kinh td va ddi sdng cua ndi^ hd ttdn dia bdn huyen Phung Hiep - tinh Hdu Giang.
2 PHU'aNG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1 Phuong phap thu tb|p sd lif u Sd lieu thu cdp eua nghidn cftu duge thu thap tft cdc ngudn cua HOi Phy nft, HOi ndng dan huydn Phung Hidp - tinh Hdu Giang, Phdng ndng nghidp
& Phat ttidn Ndng thon, Phdng Lao dOng Thuong binh Xd hOi, vd cde sd lieu d cdp xd. Sd lieu sa cap didu tta thdng qua phdng vdn 150 hO ndng dan dgi di^n cho 3 viing nghien cftu, ttong dd bao gdm xd Hda An (n=50 hO), xa Phuong Binh (n=50 hd) vd Thi trdn Cay Duang (n=50 hp). Ndi dung didu tta dugc cy thd hda bdng phidu didu tta sogn san.
Phuong phap phdng vdn chuyen sdu dugc ap dung doi vdi lanh dao cap xa, lanh dgo HOi Phy nft, Hpi Ndng dan vdi myc dich thu thdp cac thdng ti^lidit^
quan ddn sy nhdn dinh vd vai ttd quydt diiifi- cua*-' gidi ttong hoat ddng sdn xuat tao thu nhdp ttdn dia ban nghien cftu.
2.2 Phuong phap phan tich sd lidu Cdc du lieu dugc xu ly bang phan mdm Excel, SPSS 16.0 vd tdng hgp phdn tich dya tten cac phugng phdp thdng kd md td. Dd so sdnh mftc dg tham gia quydt djnh efta nam gidi vd nu gidi den cdc boat ddng phdt ttidn kinh td trong gia dinh, nghidn cftu chia nhdm ngudi ra thanh 03 nhdm:
Nhdm thu nhdt - ngudi quydt dinh Id nam gidi, nhdm nay bao gdm dng, chdng, con ttai, con re.
- Nhdm thft hai - ngudi quydt dinh Id nu gidi, nhdm ndy bao gdm bd, vg, con gdi, con ddu.
Nhdm tiiu ba - ngudi quydt dinh gdm ed nam vd nii tham gia quydt dinh cac vdn dd phdt ttidn kinh td ttong gia dinh.
3 KET QUA VA THAO LUi^N 3.1 Gidi trong phSn cdng san xuat ndng aghi|p Trong ddi sdng ndng hd, phu nft va nam gidi ddu tham gia cac hoat ddng sdn xudt tao thu nhap nhdm phdt ttidn kinh td cho ^ a dinh. Cde hogt dOng tao thu nhdp ttong ndng hO het sue phong phft vd da dang tft vipe lam ddng, ttdng ttpt, chdn nudj ddn cdc hoat ddng mua bdn nhd Id hoac cdc nghd tidu thft cdng n ^ e p ttdn dia bdn ndng thdn nhu dan tte, dan luc binh, chdm ndn Id bdng cac nguydn v$t lieu sdn cd tai dia phuang.
Hd ndng ddn chft yeu van Id sdn xuat ndng nghidp, chdn nudi, ngoai ra cdn mdt sd hd cdn hogt ddng dich vu ttong ndng nghidp nhu budn bdn phdn, thudc,... Phdn cdng lao ddng ttong sdn xudt ndng nghiep ehu ydu Id nghe ttdng Ida, ttdng mia bao gdm cdc hogt ddng nhu lam cd, ttdng cdy, gieo ma, danh Id mia, phun thudc, bdn phdn, thu hogch san phdm. Lao dOng ttong cdc boat dOng chan nudi bao gdm mua con gidng, cham sdc, di lay thftc dn, ban san phdm.
Trdn 3 dja bdn nghien cftu, nam gidi thudng ldm cdc cdng vide nang nhpc nhu cdy bfta, phun thudc cdn phy nft ngodi cdc cdng vide nOi ^o ttong gia dinh thi cdn tham ^ a sdn xudt ndng nghidp nhu nhd ma, cdy, ldm cd, tham gia thu hogch vd bdn sdn pham. Ddi vdi cdng vide chan nudi, ngudi phy nft dam nhdn vide nhu chgn gidng, chdm sdc, ban san phdm,... Trong sdn xudt lua, tJ Id phu nu tham gia lam dat chi chidm 2,7%, ttong khi nam gidi chidm -ty-ld^khd cao cho cdr^ vide ndy (58,7%), ed hai '"tham'-gia" ldm dat chi chiem 9,3%. Cdng viec thu hoach sdn pham nhu phai Ifta ddi hdi sft dung it cdng sftc thi phy nft ddm nhdn cao nhdt (chiem 19,3%), cd hai eho hoat dOng phai Ida chiem 56,7% vd ty Id thud mudn (ngudi khdc) chidm thdp nhdt 2,7%.
Phan cdng lao dOng ttong chdn nudi gia sue, gia edm ttdn dia bdn nghien cftu cho thdy, nft gidi hdu het dam nhdn cdc cdng vide tu vide di mua thftc dn (48,7%), chdm sdc (69,3%) den ban san phdm (50%), ttong khi nam gidi chi chidm ^ Id rdt tiidp cho cdc hogt dOng mua thftc an, cham sdc, bdn sdn phdm ldn lugt Id 30,7%, 11,3% va 35,3%. Hogt dOng chan nudi ttong gia dinh Id boat ddng nhd Id, ddi hdi sft dyng it sue lao dgng vi vay nft gidi thudng tham gia cae hogt dOng ndy nhdm tgo thdm thu nhdp cho gia dinh.
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dm hgc Cdn Tho Phdn C: Khoa hgc Xd hgi, Nhm vdn vd Gido dtfc: 33 (2014): 122-12?
Bang 1: Phdn cSng lao ddng trong san xudt Bdng nghiep N&ai<H
Ngu-M lam chinh (%)
Nam e}6i Cahai Nsirtrilthac
L TrSng Kia L ^ ddt Gieo ma, cay Bonplian Lam CO, phun t!iu6c oat Phcri lua
2,7 7,3 17,3 7,3 14,0 19,3
58,7 62,7 20,7 47,3 11,3 21,3
9,3 24,0 54,7 39,3 31,3 56,7
29,3 6,0 7,3 6,1 43,3 2,7 2. Trdng miu
LimdSt Gieo hat, trong cay Phun tliuoc Thu hoach
8,7 37,3 16,7 31,3
58,0 21,3 58,0 28,1
24,7 41,2 24,6 37,3
8,6 0,0 0,7 3,3 3. Ch9n nnai
Mua thii'c an Cham soc Dibin
48,7 69,3 50,0
30,7 11,3 35,3
20,6 19,4 14,7
II II II Nguon: Kel qua dieu Ira 150 nong hg tgi huyen Phung Hiep, tinh Hdu Giang, ndm 2013
3.2 Gidi trong phdn cdng san xudt phi nong nghidp
Hoat dOng sdn xudt phi ndng nghidp bao gdm budn ban nhd Id tai ndng hO hoac sdn xudt hang thu cdng my ngh$ nhu dan lat, dan lyc binh, dan tre tft cdc ngudn nguydn lidu sin cd tgj dja phuang.
Trong hogt dOng ndy, nft gidi thudng chidm ty I?
cao, nam gidi chi tham gia rat it. Ddi vdi cdc hogt dOng mua bdn nhd Id, nft gidi chiem t? Id 40%, thdp nhdt Id nam gidi chidm ^ Id 20,8%. Trong vi^c lya chgn m|t hdng dh ban, phdn cdng lao dOng nft gidi cung chiem ty Id cao nhdt (55,1%), ke tidp la cd hai cftng tham gia chidm 28,9% vd thdp nhdt Id nam gidi 16%. Kdt qud tiidng ke cung cho thdy, ttong hogt dgng sdn xudt mat hang thft cdng my i^hd, cdc hO gia dinh ed nii gidi tham gia ttong Bdng 2: Phan cdng lao ddng trong hoat dpng phi
linh vuc ndy chiem ty Id cao nhdt 87,9%, thdp nhdt la nam gidi chi chiem 12,1%.
Do dac thu eua cdng vide, mua bdn nhd Id, ldm thu cdng my nghd ddi hdi lao dOng nhe nhdng, kheo leo, tinh chdt cong vide nay phft hgp vdi ngudi phu nft hon Id nam gidi ttdn dia bdn nghidn cftu. Ddi vdi nam gidi, hp chi chd ttpng cac cdng viec nang nhpc trong gia dhih nhu cdy bfta, phun thudc, ldm ddt,... Qua kdt qua nghidn cftu cho thay, su phdn cdng lao dOng ttong sdn xudt tao thu nhdp cd sy binh ddng vd gidi. Ngdy nay, didu kidn kinh td phdt ttidn cao hon, khd nSng tidp cdn cdc thdng tin vd binh ddng gidi dl ddng ndn ttong cdng vide lao dOi^ nft dupe sft dyng mOt cdch dung mftc, thay vi ldm nhiing cdng vide nang nhpc nhu nam gidi thi hp ldm nhftng cdng vide it tidu hao nhidu sftc lyc hon.
ndng nghiep
Ho^t dgng san xuat kinh doanh L\ra chgn mat hang de ban Dan tre, dan luc binh
Ngirdi Nirgi<H
40 55,1 87,9
lam chinh (%) Nam gitii
20,8 16,0 12,1
Cahai 39,2 28,9 II Ngudn: Kit qud diiu tra 150 nong hg lai huyen Phung Hiip. tinh Hdu Giang, ndm 2013
tu lanh, mdy bam nude, cudi hdi vg cho con cai,...
Kdt qua n^idn cftu cho thay, cdc ndi dung cdng vide ttoi^ gia dinh tiiudng cd sy quydt dinh, ban 3 J Gidi trong quyet dinh cac van de sinh
hogt, ddi song ciia gia dinh
Cdc cdng vide ldn can quydt dinh ttong gia dinh bao gdm ldm nhd, sfta chfta nha, mua ban tai san phyc vy sdn xudt, sinh hoat ttong gia dinh nhu tivi.
bac thdng nhdt y kidn cua hai vg chdng chidm ty Id 30,7% doi vdi cong vide lam nha, sfta ehfta ldn vd 60,7% cho vide quydt djnh cho con cai hpc hdnh.
Tgp chi Kftoa hgc Trudng Dgi hge Cdn Tho Phdn C: Khoa hge Xd hgi. Nhdn vdn vd Gido dvc: 33 (2014): 122-127 Cdc cdng vide nhu mua sdm nhd, tdi san phyc vu
nhu cdu sinh hoat cho cdc thanh vidn trong gia dinh chu ydu Id phu nft quydt dinh vd thyc hidn, chiem ty Id 72,7%. Vide ldm nha, sfta ehfta Idn ttong gia dinh thudng do nam gidi ddm nhdn chidm t^ Id Bang 3: Quydt dinh trong cac cdng vide Idn cua gia dinb
tuong ddi cao (44%), nu gidi chi chidm 25,3%.
Dac bidt, cdc cdng viec quan ttpng ttong gia dinh nhu lam nhd, cudi hdi vg con cdn cd cd sy tham gia quydt dinh efta dng bd, bd me ttong gia dinb.
Lo^i cdng vide Ngircri lam chinh (%)
Nfl-fiidi Nam gidi
Ldm nhd, sfta chua ldn Quydt dinh cho con hpc hdnh Mua tdi sdn sinh hogt
25,3 31,3 72,7
44,0 8,0 27,3
30,7 60,7 II Ngudn Kit qud diiu tra ISO ndng hg igi huyin Phung Hiep, linh Hgu Giang, nam 2013
3.4 Gidi trong quyet djnh vay vdn vd sft dung vdn vay
Doi vdi vide vay vdn phuc vu sdn xudt trong ndng hO, hdu hdt Id ngudi chdng dmig tdn vay von chiem ty Id 70,7%. Kdt qud ngiudn cftu ndy cung cho thdy thyc td ngudi chong dftng tdn ttong sd Bang 4: Gidi trong quydt djnh vay vdn
hftu cdc ngudn lyc ddt dai, tdi san ndn vide dftng ten vay vdn ddi vdi ngirai chdng Id duong nliidn.
Trong vide sft dung vdn vay, ket qua nghien cftu cho thdy ca hai quydt dinh sft dung vdn vay chidm ty 1? cao nhat (52,7%), kd ddn la nft gidi ttong gia dinh (27,3%) va tiiap nhdt la nam gidi (20%)
Gidi Ngirdi quan ly vdn Ngudi dftng tdn vay vdn Ngudi quyet dinh sii dyng von vay Nugidi
Nam gidi cahai
44,0 29,3 26,7
28,7 70,7 0,6
27,3 20,0 52,7 Ngudn: Kit qud diiu tra 150 nong hg lgi huyin Phiing Hiip, linh Hgu Giang, ndm 2013
3.5 Gidi trong kiem soat nguon lyc tdi chinh Ngudn lyc tai chinh ciia gia dinh thudng dugc su dyng vdo cdc myc dich mua thftc an, chdm lo cho con cdi hgc hanh, mua vgt dung ttong gia dinh, tidt kidm,... Ket qud nghidn ciiu thd hidn ttdn Hinh I eho thdy, nu gidi ludn dugc danh gid eao han ttong qudn ly tdi chinh cua gia dinh vdi vide chi tidu nhd Id hang ngdy chiem den 37,3%. Kdt qud didu tta tgi cdc hg cho thdy, ttong qud ttinh ra
quyet djnh sft dung tdi chinh, hdu hdt ddu cho rdng cd su tiidng nhdt cua cd vg vd chong, \y le nay chidm ddn 43,3%, nam gidi gift quydn sft dung tidn ttong gia dinh chi chidm 19,4% chiem ty Id thdp nliat ttong gia dinh. Theo ket qud nghidn cftu cua UNDP (2001) cho thay, trong cdc quyen binh ding cua nft thi quydn kidm sodt ngudn lyc tdi chinh Id quydn cao nhdt. Can bdng ^di ttong quydt dinh sft dung tidn thd hidn sy binh dang gifta nam vd^^hft^
trong kiem sodt eac lgi ich.
19,4%
37,3% ^ ^ m
I I
Nam gidi Nft gidi Ca hai Hinb 1: Gidi trong kidm sodt ngudn lyc tai chinh Ngudn: Kit qua diiu Ira 150 ndng hg Igi huyin Phung Hiip, linh Hdu Giang, ndm 2013
Tgp chi Khoa hgc TrudngDai hgc Cdn Tho Phdn C: Khoa hgc Xa hgi, Nhdn v •o due: 33 (2014): 122-127
3.6 Gidi t r o n g p h a n cong cac hoat d d n g xa bdi Qua Hinh 2 thdy rd, giua nam va nft cd sy mdt can bang ttong vide tham gia cdc hogt ddng cdng ddng. Nam gidi tham gia cdc budi hpp xdm, nghe tuyen truydn kidn thuc vd chinh sdch, phdp luat ldn lugt chidm 57,3% vd 56%. Didu ndy cdng ldm tang them khoang cdch ve nhdn thftc, hidu bidt xd hOi gifta nam vd nu. Trong khi do, cdng viee tdt quan
70 n 60 50 - 40 ^ 30 20 10 0 -
%
57,3
• •
25,3 ^m
J l
17,3
I
321
•
561 •
• ^
1226 58
16 WBM
ttgng la nudi day con cai Igi chft ydu do nu gidi dam nhan (chidm 45,3%). Khi phu nft cd trinh do thdp, phan ldn thdi gian hp danh cho cdc hoat dOng san xuat. Do dd, hg cd rat It thdi gian dd chdm sdc sftc khoe cho con cai va cho chinh bdn than.
Nghidn cftu cung cho thay rang, vide tham dy cac ddm hieu, hy. Id hdi... chft ydu la ed hai vg vd chdng phan cdng tham dy.
iVa
• Chdng
• Ca hai
Tham gia hop xom ap Dy tuyen truyen Di dam, Ie, hoi Hinh 2: Phan cong tham gia cac dpng xa hpi trdn dia ban nghidn cihi Nguon: Kit qud diiu tra 150 nong ho tgi huyin Phung Hiip. linh Hdu Giang, ndm 2013
3.7 Gidi t r o n g cdng tdc c h d m sdc six k h o e Ci dia ban nghien ciiu, ngudi dan cd thdi quen ty cham sdc sftc khoe, ty dieu tri mgt sd bdnh nhe nhu vidm hong, cam, dau da day... cho ngudi benh tai nhd, hp chi dugc dua ra ttam xd xa hoac bdnh vidn huydn khi bdnh nSng, vi vay dd cd nhidu ttudng hgp ddng tide xdy ra. Tdng hgp kdt qua didu tra true tidp 150 hd, cd tdi 58% hd co y kidn tu mua thudc d nhd thudc vd nhd cho udng hoac sft dung cdc loai: c a y ^ u ^ tgi^ja- phuong (ttong do nu gidi thyc^hidn nhidm vy n ^ chiem 36,7%, cdn
nam gidi thyc hidn vdi ty Id 21,3%), cd 39,3%
ngudi ttong gia dinh bdnh dua ddn ttam xa khdm lay thudc, rat ft hp mdi bac sy den nha tti benh (chidm 2,7% tdng s6 hO dieu tta (Hinh 3)). Ngoai viec mua thuoc, lay thuoc cho ngudi bdnh udng, till vide ndu an, tdm rfta cham sdc cho ngudi dm ydu trong gia dinh do phu nu Iam la chinh- Kdt qua phong vdn nlidm phy nu cho thdy, khi ngudi vg bi dm thi thudng ty cham sdc ban than, trft khi khdng thd "gugng day" dugc thi ngudi chdm sdc minh mdi la chong va cac con.
50 40 30 20 10 -j
0
%
36,7
I
21,3•
39,3Vg mua thuoc Chong mua thuoc Kham bSiib tai tram Mdi bac sT den nha
H i n h 3 : P h u o i i g each didu t r i bdnh cua hd gia dinh Ngudn: Kit qud diiu tra 150 ndng hg lai huyin Phung Hiep, tinh Hdu Giang, ndm 2013
Tgp ehi Khoa hge Trudng Dgi hge Cdn Tha Phdn C: Khoa hge Xa hgi, Nhdn van vd Gido dvc: 33 (2014): 122-127 <
3.8 Gidi trong thyc hifn cac bidn phap ke hoach hda gia dinh
TJ Id thyc hidn cdc bien p h ^ kd hogch hod gia dinh d cdc hO rat thap. Trong cdc hO cd dp dung cdc bidn phdp ttanh thai tbi sy tham ^ a cua nam gidi lgi thap han rat nhieu so vdi nft. Tren dia ban nghien ciiu cd 44% sd hO (66 hp) dugc didu tta cd ap dyng bien phap ke hoach hoa ^ a dirih, ttong dd 62,1% (41 hg) la phy nft dgt vdng vd udng thudc ttdnh thai, chi cd 4,6% (3 hO) nam gidi su dung bao cao su. Tft kdt qud khdo sdt ndy, cd thd khdng dinh phy nft Id ngudi ddm nhidm chinh bidn phdp kd
hogch hod gia dinh (gdp han 13 ldn so vdi nam gidi). Trong xa hOi hidn nay, hon ai hdt phy nft chinh la ngudi y thftc dugc viec bdo vd sftc khoe, hg y thftc dugc vide ddng con s6 vat vd cho ehinh ban thdn vd gia dmh ndn da ty gidc di d^t vdng hoac udng thudc tranh thai. Tuy nhidn, mpt bO phan chi em chtra nhdn tiiftc ddy du vdn dd ndy do ed hidu bidt cdn han che, qua ket qud khdo sdt, mOt sd chi em eho rang su dung cdc bipn phdp trdnh thai se dnh hudng xau den sue khde nen cdn e nggi chua thye hidn, din ddn vide mang thai ngodi y mudn.
I
44%Hinh 4: Ty If cac hp sft dyng bien phap ke hogch hda tren dja ban nghien cihi Nguon- Kel qud diiu Ira 150 ndng hd lgi huyin Phung Hiep, linh Hgu Giang, ndm 2013
i KET LUAN
Gidi trong hoat dOng sdn xudt ndng nghidp gdp phdn phdt tridn kinh te trong gia dinh ngdy cang dugc chu ^ the hidn sy binh ddng ttong phdn cdng lao dpng.
Phy nft ttdn dia bdn nghidn cftu Id ngudi quydt dinh vide mua ban nhd Id, chan nudi, quan ly vd quyet dinh sft dung tdi chinh cho cdc sinh boat ttong gia dmh.
Dd nang cao vai ttd eua nft gidi nham phat huy nang lyc efta ngudi phy nft ttong gia dinh cdn chft y bdi dudng cdc kidn thftc vd binh ddng gidi, cdc quydn ve phdp ly cua hp ttong ^ a dmh thdng qua cdc hogt ddng khuyen ndng trdn dia ban nghidn cftu.
5 LOICAMTA
Tdc gid chdn thdnh edm on Hdi Phu nft, HOi Ndng ddn huydn Phung Hiep da tao didu kien cho dd tdi thyc hidn ttdn dja ban huyen. Tdc gid gfti ldi cam on ddn Ban Gidm hidu Trudng Dai hpc Cdn Tha dd tao didu kidn, cdp kinh phi cho nghidn cftu nay ttong phgm vl eiia de tdi c ^ Trudng.
TAJ LIPU THAM KHAO
1. Frank Ellis, Peasant economics, Cambridge University Press, 1998.
2. Nguyin Kim Ha, Phdn cdng lao dgng nam na nhir mgt cdng ctiphdn tich gidi, Nha xudt ban Khoa hpc xd hpi, Hd NOi, 1999.
3. Ld Thi VTnh Nghi, Chinh sdch xd hgi ddi vdi phu nu vimg ndng thdn, Nhd xudt bdn Khoa hpc xd hOi Ha NOi, Ha NOi, 1998.
4. UNDP, Leaming and Information Pack, Resource 7a Summary of Women's Equality and Empowerment (Longwe) Framework, Resource 9e, 2001,56-71.
