Tgp chi Khoa hgc TrudngDgi hgc Cdn Thcr Phdn B: Ndng nghiip, Thuy sdn vd Cdng nghi Sinh hpc: 34 (2014): 46-54
Tap chl Khoa hpc Tru'cJng Oai hgc Can Thd website: sj. ctu. edu. vn
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ANH HirOfNG CUA DANG VA UtV LlTONG CALCIUM XU^ L V SAU THU HOACH BEN CHAT LU'PNG VA THOfI GLVN TON T R f TRAI XOAI CAT HOA L O C TrSn Thi Bich Van', Le Bao Long', Nguydn Bao Ve' va Nguyin Thi Kim Thoa'
' Khoa Ndng nghiip & Sinh hgc ung dung, Trudng Dgi hgc Can Tha
Thong tin chung:
Ngay nhgn: 28/04/2014 Ngdy chdp nhdn: 30/10/2014 Title:
Type and concentration effects of calcium application for post-harvest treatment on the quality and shelf life of
'Cat Hoa Loc' mangoes Tit khda:
Calcium, xodi Cdt Hoa Lgc, ndm binh, hao hut trgng lugng trdi, ty le rung cudng, dg Cling
Keywords:
Calcium. 'Cat Hoa Loc' mangoes, diseases, fresh weight loss, stem loss, hardness
A B S T R A C T
The purpose of this study was to search out the type and concentration of calcium application for post-harvest treatment on 'Cat Hoa Loc' mangoes to maintain the quality, limit the post-harvest spoiling and extend the shelf life. Experiments were performed on the basis of a Completely Randomized Design, including 10 treatments by dipping 'Cat Hoa Loc' mangoes in CaCh, Ca(0H)2 and Ca(N03)2 in three types of concentration as 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm and 3000 ppm; and the control treatment was with water. Results showed that the treatment of CaCh or Ca(OII)2 in concentration of 3000 ppm effectively reduced the rate of diseases, fresh weight loss, stem loss etc... and still maintained the fruit hardness, peel color and value of senses for the appearance until the eighth day after storing at the laboratory condition (28-33 X^, 55-65%RH), whereas the control treatment only maintained for four days after storage. Other criteria such as vitamin C content, pH, total sugar content and Brix were always maintained in a stable way throughout the storage period.
T O M T A T
De tdi dugc thuc hiin nhdm muc tieu tim ra dgng vd lieu luang calcium xie ly sau thu hogch trdi xodi Cdt Hda Lgc di duy tri chdt lugng, hgn chi tdn thdt sou thu hogch.vd keo ddi thdi gian tdn trii. Thi nghiem dugc bd tri theo the thuc hodn todn ngdu nhien, gdm 10 nghiem thdc thuc hiin bdng cdch ngdm trdi xodi Cdt Hda Lgc trong dung dfch CaCh Ca(OH)2 vd Ca(N03)2 sau thu hogch d ba ndng dg Id 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm vd 3000 ppm vd nghiim thuc ddi chung ngdm trong nude. Ket qud nhu sau: ngdm trdi xodi trong dung dich CaCh hodc Ca(OH)2 d ndng do 3000 ppm cd tdc dyng ldm hgn chi ty li benh, ty li hao hut trgng lugng trdU ty le rung cudng,... ddng thdi vdn duy tri dugc dg cung ciia trdi, mdu sdc vd gid tri cdm quan cho din ngdy thu 08 sau khi tdn trie trong dieu kiin phdng thi nghiim (nhiit do 28-33 C dm do 55-65%), trong khi nghiim thuc ddi chung chi duy tri dugc chdt lugng dugc 04 ngdy sau khi tdn trie. Cdc chi tiiu khdc nhu hdm lugng vitamin C. pH, hdm lugng dudng tdng sd vd do Brix ding dugc duy tri dn dinh trong sudt qua trinh tdn tru.
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tnrdng Dgi hpc Cdn Tha Phdn B:
1 M O D A U
Xoai Id mpt Uong sd cac loai hoa qud ngoai nhdp dang cd muc ldng trudng cao nhdt tgi thi truong Uong vd ngoai nude. Miic tieu thu trung binh mat hang nay trin thi gidi la 3,42 kg/ngudi/ndm. 0 nude ta xoai duac Irdng td Nam din Bdc, nhung tgp trung nhiiu nhdt d cac tinh Dong bdng sdng Cdu Long. Day Id loai cdy an trai quan trpng, cd gia trj dinh dudng vd gid tri kinh te cao nin dupe nhieu nhd vudn ddu lu san xuat. Tuy nhiin, vdn d i khd khdn hien nay la khdu bao quan vd vgn chuyin di xa cdn gdp nhieu Ud nggi. Vi xodi dupe xip vao loai trai cay cd hd h ^ dOt phai, chin nhanh vd de hu hdng sau tiiu hogch. D i gidi quyit vdn de nay la cdn phdi cung cdp calcium cho trdi de ldm cung chdc vdch ti bao. Calcium dugc coi ia mpt nguyin \h khodng chdt quan upng nhdt Uong vdn d i quyit dinh phdm chdt trdi cay. Trong nhung ndm gan ddy, vai trd cua calcium dang dupe quan tam bdi vi nhfJng dnh hudng tdt ciia no, ddc bift calcium cd thi tri hodn su chin vd su lao hda, keo ddi chu tiinh sdng vd gidm nhung rdi loan sinh ly (Sharma el ai, 1996). NhOng nghien ciiu sdm v i dnh hudng ciia calcium dh\ vdi phdm chdt cua trdi cay vd rau qud cd lien quan den vai trd ciia calcium ddi vdi nhO'ng rdi logn ve sinh ly, nhung rdi logn irong ton trO rau, cu vd trdi cdy xudt hiin rat gan va lien kit vdi ham lupng calcium tiiap trong md.
Cung cap calcium tryc tiip cho Udi cay la phuang phap c6 hiiu qud nhdt di ldm gia tdng hdm lupng calcium trong trdi cdy, diiu ndy cd the thuc hien bdng cdch phun len Udi trudc khi thu hoach hodc ngdm Uai sau thu hoach (Conway el ai. 1993).
Diiu do giiip Ui hodn sg: Ido hda hogc sir chin cua trai, gidm ldn tiiat tren trdi cay sau tiiu hoach. Viec cung cap calcium giup hinh thdnh Ca-pectales Idm gia ldng su cihig chdc vd dn djnh cho vdch t i bao Udi, khdng Igi s^r mem Udi (Grant et ai, 1973;
2.3 Cdc chi tiiu Itieo doi
ing nghiip, Thiiy sdn vd Cdng nghi Sinh hpc: 34 (2014): 46-54 Jackman and Stanley, 1995). Do dd, viic tim ra dang va liiu lupng calcium x u Iy sau thu hogch di duy tri chdt lupng va keo dai thdi gian tdn trtt tiai xodi Cdt Hda Lpc Id h i t sue cdn tiiiit vd cd y agMa kinh ti quan ti-png.
2 PHlTONG TIEN VA PHlTONG PHAP 2.1 Phuotig ti^n thi nghiim
Mdu ti-ai xoai Cdt Hda Lpc dupe thu tai vutm ndng ddn d Chau Thdnh - Hau Giang. Chgn tiai c6 ciing do chin bdng phuong phdp t>' trpng (chpn trK dat ty trpng tix 1,00-1,02) (Trdn Thj Kim Ba, 2007;
Nguyin Thanh Tai, 2008), tiii cd cimg kich ca, khdng bj sau binh, trpng lupng khodng 2 Uai/kg.
Hda chdt: CaCb, Ca(N03)2, Ca(0H)2, H2SO4 dam ddc, methanol, diethyl ether, acid acetic, NaOH, acid oxalic 1%, HCI 1%, cdn,...
2.2 Phuong phap b^ trf thf nghiem Thi nghiim dupe h6 tri theo t h i thuc hoan todn ngiu nhiin, gdm 10 nghiim thdc (Bang 1), duoc lap lai 4 ldn. Thdi gian ngam trai d mdi nghi?m thiic la 15 phiit, sau dd dk khd tu nhiin. Moi nghiim thiic phan tich 70 trdi.
Bang 1: Cdc ngliiim thdrc trong thf nghifm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
« c h Hda chat NgSm nude Ngam CaCb Ngam CaCb Ngtai CaCb Ngam Ca(OH)2 Ngam Ca(0H)2 Ngam Ca(0H)2 _ J J g t a Ca(N03)2.-
• Ng4m Ca(Nd3)2 Ngam Ca(N03)2
xfrly Nong d$ (ppm)
0 1000 2000 3000 1000 2000 3000
J:.^. 1000
2000 3000
l o n g so trai bi bSnh t i n c6ng - Ty le trai hi thiet hai (%) = , x 100
Tong s6 trai quan sat - T y l e h a o h u t (Trong luong ban dau(g)-Ttong luong sau ton trtt (g))
trpng luvng(%)= ^ S i ! Trgng luong ban A (g)
DO Brix (%) .• Sil dung chilt quang (khiic xa) kj hi6u ATAGO do Nhat sin suat.
Tong so trai bi rung cu6ng - Ty le rung cuong (%) = . ^ IQQ
T6ng sd trai quan sat
x l O O
i
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn B: Ndng nghiip. Ihuy sdn vd Cong nghi Sinh hgc: 34 (2014): 46-54 Sir thay ddi mau sdc vd trai: xdc dinh bdng may
do mdu hiiu Minolta CR-10.
Dp cung thjt trdi (l^cm^); sd dui^ may FRUIT PRESSURE TESTER-FT 327.
- pH dich trai: Sir dung may pH cdm tay hieu HANNA do Nhat san xuat.
- Ham luong dudng tdng sd(%) theo phuang phap Phenol - sulfuric acid (Dubois et al., 1956).
Hdm luang vitamin C (%): Dinh luong vitamin C (acid ascorbic) theo phuong phap Muri (1900; ti-ich dan bdi Nguyen Minh Chan, 2005).
Danh gia cam quan: theo tiiu chudn cua
Bang 2: Ty Ji binh (%) ciia trdi xoai Cdt Hoa L$c theo thdi gian tdn trii Carino (1964) vaLooney (1970).
2.4 Phuffng phap KIT Iy sd lieu
Sd lieu thi nghiem dupe phdn tich phuong sai ANOVA, phep kiim djnh Duncan bdng phdn mim SPSS 16.0. Dd till dupe ve bdng chuang ti-inh Microsoft Excel.
3 KET QUA VA THAO LU^N 3.1 Ty le bfnh (%) ciia xodi Cdt Hda L§c Qua kit qua Bang 2 cho thdy, binh bdt ddu xudt hien d cdc nghiim thdc ddi chung va cac nghiem thiic cd xd Iy calcium tir ngay thu 04 sau thu hoach.
Doi chiing CaCl2 lOOOppm CaCl22000ppm CaCl2 3000ppm Ca(OH)2 lOOOppm Ca(OH)2 2000ppm Ca(OH)23000ppm Ca(N03)2 lOOOppm Ca(N03)2 2000ppm Ca(NO3)23000ppm F
CV(%)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- -
02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- -
ThM gian ton trir (ngav) 04
5 5 2,5 0 5 2,5 0 5 2,5 0 ns 16,26
06 (22.5-) 5' 2,5'' 0"
5' 2,5'' 0' 5b 5b 2,5b 10,95
**
08 (47,5') 7,5' 7,5"
5"
5' 2,5' 2,5b 7,5b 5b 5b 7,44
**
10 (10)
-
(10) 7,5 7,5 7,5 5 (12,5) (12,5) 7,5 ns 10,06
12 (12,5)
-
(10) (10) (10) 7,5 5 (12,5) (12,5) (10) ns 8,37 Trong citng mgi col cdc sd chic theo sau giong nhau khong khdc biily nghia (hdng ki qua phep thie Duncan, ns: khong khdc biit CO y nghia thdng he, * *: khdc biel thdng IK d mdc y nghia 1 %. (): phdn tich nhiing trdi cdn lgi
sau thu hoach. Cho den ngay thii 12 thi nhiing Trong cac nghi$m tiuic xudt hien b?nh thi
nghiim thiic ddi chirng cd t^ Ii trai bi nhilm binh nhiiu nhat (5%), d cdc n ^ i i m tiuic xu Iy CaCh r3000 ppm, Ca(OH)2 3000 ppm vd Ca(N03)2 3000
"ppm chua cd ddu hieu xudt hiin benh, cac nghiim thuc cdn lgi cd xudt hien binh nhung it han so vdi ddi chdng, my nhien gi&a cdc nghiim thiic khdn^
khac biit •^ nghia th6ng ki so vdi nghiem thdc ddi chiing. T^ li trai b{ binh bdt ddu tang lin d cac n ^ i i m thiic tijt ngdy thu 06 vd tang dan cho den ngay 12 sau khi t6n tru. d ngay thii 06 sau thu hogch tin t j li ti-di bi benh cua nghiim thuc ddi chiing dd lang rit nhanh va giii vi tri cao nhat (22,5%) va khdc biit thdng ke d miic y i^hla 1%
so vdi cdc nghiim thuc cdn Iai. Trong qud trinh bdo qudn rau qud, t^ I^ binh la mdt chi tiiu quan trpng dnh hudng din sd Iugng vi nliung trdi bi benh diu phdi logi bd. Do dd, thi nghiim nay ngimg theo ddi nhihig nghiem thiic nao cd ty I? b|nh cao hon 10%. Vi vgy, kit qua lii Bdng 2 cho thiy d nghiim thiic doi chiing se ngimg theo ddi ki td ngay tihii 06
nghiim thiic cdn chip nhdn duac Id Ca(0H)2 2000 ppm (7,5%) va Ca(0H)2 3000 ppm (5%). Theo Conway et at (1993) cho rang, cjilcium la thanh phin ciu true vd Idm vung chdc vdch ti bdo thirc vdt. S^r suy gidm thanh phin calcium trong ti bao gay m nhimg Id hdng hodc lam nut trong vdch ti bao, diiu nay se dan den gia tang s\r phat trien cua vi khudn va ndm tiin md ti bdo thirc v^t.
3.2 Ty le hao hut trpng lupug (%) ciia xoai Cdt Hda Ldc
Kit qud d Bang 3 cho thiy, ty le hao hut trpng lupng trai xoai Cat Hda L^c d cdc nghiem thiic tang ddn iheo thdi gian tdn trii. Giai dogn tir 2 den 8 ngdy sau khi tdn trir, cac i^hiim thurc cd xd Iy calcium vdn duy tri duac tj le hao hyt trpng lupng thdp hon ddi chiing, dac biit Id cac nghiim thurc xii Iy Ca(0H)2 3000 ppm, Ca(N03)2 3000 ppm va CaCb 3000 ppm vdn cd ty Ii hao byt trpng lupng thdp nhdt va khdc biet co ^ nghTa th6ng ki d miic 1% so vdi ddi chung.
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn B: Ndng nghiip, Thiiy sdn vd Cdng nghi Sinh hgc: 34 (2014): 46-54 Bang 3: Ty le hao hut trpng luyng (%) cua trai xoai Cat Hda LQc theo thcri gian ton trir
Thoi gian ihn trii' (ngdy) N. thirc
Doi chung
Ca(OH)! lOOOppm Ca(OH)2 2000ppm Ca(OH)23000ppm Ca(N03)2 lOOOppm Ca(NO3)i2000ppm Ca(NO3)2 3000ppm F
C V ( % )
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-
02 3,75' 2,77' 3,03' 1,95' 2,43' 3,20' 1,90' 2,18' 2,22' 1,95' 39,37
04 8,38"
6,90'*
7,55b-' 5,33"
7,13-' 7,18"
5,02- 6 , 4 8 "
6,45'' 5.32"
**
15,22 06 (12,05-) 10,55-' 10,68"
9,80' 9,85' 10,60*
9,80' 10,60"
9,75' 9,55' 9,69
08 (14,20-) 12,62"
13,38"
11,85' 12,30"
12.90"
11,88' 12,10"
12,20"
11,95' 7,97
10 (15,40)
-
(15,60) 14,65 (16,65) (15,42) 14.72 (16,15) (15,92) (15,15) ns 6,44
U (17J0) (18,13) (17,35) (19,li) (17,73) (18,60) (18,(3) (18,13) (18JS) ns 17,43 Trong cimg mpt cgt cdc sd chU iheo sau gidng nhau khdng khdc biil y nghfa thong ke qua phep ihie Duncan, ns: khong khdc biil CO y nghia ihdng ki. * *; JfcAac biil thdng ki a mite y nghia I %. (): phdn lich nhiing Irdi cdn lgi
Din ngay thii 10 sau khi tdn trii ^ Ie hao hut Upng lupng d nhOng nghi?m thiic cao hon 15% thi vd trdi bj nhdn Idm mat gid Iri cdm quan, nin ngung theo ddi nhiJng nghiim thiic nao cd ^ Ie binh cao han 10% va ty le hao hut Upng lupng cao hem 15%. Ket qud tir Bdng 3 cho thdy d ngay thii 10 sau klii tdn trii chi cdn lgi hai n ^ i m thiic dgt yiu ciu dd Id CaCb 3000 ppm (b?nh 7,5% vd hao hyt ti-png lupng 14,65%) vd Ca(0H)2 3000ppm (b?nh 5% vd hao hyt trpng lupng 14,72%). Din ngdy Ihii 12 ihi tit cd cac nghidm tiuic diu khdng dgt yeu cdu. Trin Minh Tdm (2000) cho rang
Bdng 4: D$ Brix ciia trdi xodi Cdt Hoa Ldc theo thoi gian ton trir
khodng 75-85% su gidm trpng lupng trm la do mdt nude, 15-25% sir gidm trpng lupng la do tiiu hao chit khd Uong qud trinh hd hap duy tri su sdng cho 3.3 Su- thay doi d$ Brix ciia xodi Cat Hoa Loc Kit qud phdn tich tir Bang 4 cho thay, d tgi tiicri diim ngay sau khi thu hoach thi khdng cd su khac biit y nghTa thdng ke ve dp Brix giiia cdc nghiim thiic CO xii ly vd nghi$m thiic ddi chiing. Diiu nay cho thl;y ngudn nguyin liiu ihi nghiem ban dau tuang ddi ddng deu nhau ve pham chat.
N. thwc Doi chimg CaCh lOOOppm CaCl2 2000ppm CaChSOOOppm Ca(OH)2 lOOOppm Ca(OH)!2000ppm Ca(OH)23000ppm Ca(N03)2 lOOOppm Ca(NO3)22000ppm Ca(NOs)2 3000ppm F
C V ( % )
0 5,45 5,45 5,40 5,45 5,40 5,45 5.45 5.48 5.48 5.40 ns 6.14
02 9,20"
8.80*
8.45' 8.65-' 8.30»
8,80"
8.20' 8.35' 8.50' 8,30' 3,55
•*
Thiil gian ton trir 04 17.30- 15,50' 14,50"
13.40=
14.65"
14.43"
13,50- 15,48' 14.58"
14,45"
3,97
**
06 (18,95-) 16,951 16,65"
16,25"
16,55"
16.65"
15,90- 16,80' 16,85' 16,15"
2.36
**
(ngiy) 08 (20,80-) 19,45' 19.40' 18.45- 19.60' 19.25' 18,05- 19,45' 19,20' 18,60- 1,54
**
10 (21,55-)
-
(21.30-') 2 0 , 8 5 "
(21,35-') (21,15-') 20.40- (21,35") (21,30-') (20,50-) 1.27
«*
12 (21,65) (21,65) (2140) (21,65) (21,60) (21,45) (21,70) (19,35) (21,55) ns 7,08 Trong cimg mpi cgl cdc sd chU theo sau gidng nhau khong khdc biily nghta thdng ke qua phep li
khdc biinhdngke. **. khdc biil ihdng ki d mircy nghia 1%. (): phdn lich trdi cdn lgi r Duncan, ns-khotig 3.4 Ty l | ryng cuong (%) ciia xoai Cat Hda L6c
Ket qud tir Bang 5 cho tiidy, tai tiidi diim ngay thii 08 sau khi tdn trii Uai bit ddu rung cudng, cao nhat la d nghi?m thiic ddi chiing (15%) va t h ^ nhat Id d cdc nghiim thiic CaCh 3000 ppm va
Ca(0H)2 3000 ppm (0%), TJ le trdi bj nmg cudng tdng ddn tiieo thdi gian tdn tiU, cho din ngay thii 10 va 12 thi t j Ie rung cudng d cdc nghidm thijc CO xii ly calcium khdng khac biit qua phan tich thdng ki.
Tgp chi Khoa hpc Trudng Dgi hpc Cdn Tha Phdn B: Ndng nghiip, Hmy sdn vd Cdng nghi Sinh hgc: 34 (2014): 46-54 Bang 5: Ty le rung cuong (%) cua trdi xoai cat Hda Ldc theo thdi gian ton tru
N . t h i c ThM gian t6n trir (ngay)
. 0 02 04 06 08 10 12 Ddi chiing 0 0 0 0 (15")
CaCb lOOOppm 0 0 0 0 5^" (7,5) (15) CaCl2 2000ppm 0 0 0 0 2,5^ (7,5) (12,5) CaCl23000ppm 0 0 0 0 0" 5 (5) Ca(OH)2 lOOOppm 0 0 0 0 5'" (5) (10) Ca(OH)2 2000ppm 0 0 0 0 2,5" (5) (7,5) Ca(0H)2 3000ppm 0 0 0 0 0" 5 (5) Ca(N03)2 lOOOppm 0 0 0 0 5'" (10) (12,5) Ca(NO3)2 2000ppm 0 0 0 0 5'" (7,5) (10) Ca(NO3)2 3000ppm 0 0 0 0 2,5" (5) ( 7 j ^
F - - - - * * ns Ns
CV (%) - - - 10,52 8,57 6 J 0 Trong cimg mgt cgt cdc so chie theo sau gidng nhau khdng khdc biii y nghia thong ke qua phep thu Duncan, ns: khdng khdc biit thong ke, **• khdc biit ihdng ki d mucy nghia I%. (): phdn tich trdi con lgi
3.5 Sv thay ddi m^u sic vo trai xodi Cat trii. Sau 06 ngdy tdn trii cd su khac biit thdng ke d Hda Lpc miic y nghia 1% giira cdc nghiem thiic cd xur Iy
„ ; . AD- r u *u- ,. • .^us.-»•!; .1. calcium va ngliiem thiic ddi chirng. Tuy nhiin, vao Ket qud Bang 6 cho thay, ngay tai thdi diem thu . . ^ T. . • . • ,. ,.1 ^ - iu- *» , i. -
!,„„ u AA } UA Z.X A * ,£• IV- ' 1 1 . ' I---. g'ai doan cuoi cua qua trinh ton tru tin dp khac hogch do khac mdu vd trdi khong co khac biet qua , ,' .. •- . . . . ., - , u~ • n.-
t." .' u *!,•' I • ^-x 4. • J- . 1 . ' • /.^x ' mau vo trai giua cac nghiem thuc khong co khac phan lich thong ke. Gid In do khac mau (AE) vo . . . ._ ^ . , . , ^ , ; i , , ^
; .. . , . . ? ., , .- j i .. . . . .1 biet y ngbia qua phan tich thong ke.
trai a cac nghiem thuc ldng dan theo thdi gian ton - J o i r o Bang 6: Su thay ddi mau sac (A£) cua trai xoai Cat Hda Lpc theo thoi gian tSn trft
N. thfte Doi chung CaCU lOOOppm CaCl22000ppm CaCUSOOOppm Ca(0H)2 lOOOppm Ca(OH)2 2000ppm Ca(OH)2 3000ppm Ca(N03)2 lOOOppm Ca(NO3)2 2000ppm Ca(NO3)2 3000ppm F
CV(%)
0 39.53 39.71 39,51 39,38 39,68 39,31 39,28 39,69 39,27 39,32 ns 1,21
2 40,39 41,61 41,21 41,98 40,41 39,98 40,63
ThMi 4 40,72 41.73 41,70 41,62 41.17 40.83 41.10 , 4 0 , 4 3 . ^ = E 4 0 , 9 3 ~ '"40;70'*~
40,69 ns 3,02
• " 4 r , 0 8 - 40,92
ns 3,13
gian ton trii 6 (44,98") 43,33- 43,91"
43,02"
43.43*
42,14' 41.59'
= i 2 , 7 0 * '-43,74"
42,52' 2.88
**
(ngiy) 8 (42,83) 43,69 43,50 42,24 42,40 41,69 41,56 43,10 42,70 43,56 ns 4,52
10 (45,60) (45,75) 44,43 (44,54) (44,45) 42,65 (45,35) (44,38) (45,11) ns 3,72
12 (47,12) (46,60) (47,04) (46,98) (46,90) (46,94) (46,72) (46,79) (46,74) ns 1,06 Trong ciing mgt cgl cdc sd chie Iheo sau giong nhau khong khdc biil y nghTa thdng ki qua phip ihii Duncan, ns: khdng khdc bi4l cd^nghXa thdng ki, **; khdc biit thdng ki d mucy nghia 1%, (): phdn tich nhirng trdi con lgi
3.6 S^^ thay doi do ctrng (kgf/cm^) cua trai cua trai la nhiing nghiem thiic co xur ly calcium d xoai Cat Hda L^c ndng dd cao (3000 ppm) va giua cdc nghiim thuc
Giai dogn tir 4 din 08 ngay sau khi tdn trir thi nghiim thiic ddi chiing cd dd ciing thdp nhit.
Nghiem thirc cd uu thi tiong viec duy tri dd ciing
nay cd su khdc biit y nghTa thdng ki d miic 1%
!7).
Tgp chi Khoa hpc Tmang Dtfi hpc Can Thcf Phin B. Nong nghiip. Thiiy san va Cong nghi Sinh hpc: 34 (2014): 46-54 B a n g 7: B j cling (kgf/cm') ciia t r a i xoai C a t H o a t h e o t h M gian t o n t r i t
N . thiic
T h o i gian ton trir ( n g a y ) Doi chijmg
CaCl2 lOOOppm CaCl22000ppm CaCl2 3000ppm Ca(0H)2 lOOOppm Ca(OH)2 2000ppm Ca(OH)2 3000ppm Ca(N03)2 lOOOppm Ca(N03)2 2000ppm Ca(NO3)2 3000ppm
4,36 4,46 4.35 4,40 4,38 3,38 4,38 4,19 4.46 4.38
2.69 2,96 2,92 3,00 2,92 3,06 3,15 2,67 3,04 3,06
1.40' 1.75"
2,04"' 2.15"
1,77'- 2,04"
2,36"
1,75"
2,07"
2,27"
(0,69-) 1,09>«
1,46"
1,63"
1,25' 1,58"
1,94"
1,19"
1,55"
1,83"
(0,67«) 0.67"
0,79""
0,81""
0,75"
0,90""
1,02"
0.71"
0,75"
0,94"
F
C V ( % ) 6.18
Trong cung mpt cgt cdc sd chir theo sau giong nhau khong khdc biil y nghTa Ihdng ki gua phep thir Duncan, ns: khdng khdc biit CO y nghTa thong ke, **: khdc biit ihong ki d mice y nghTa 1%, (): phdn tich nhiing trdi con lgi
3.7 S ^ thay dSi t r i st p H ciia t r a i xoai C a t Hda L $ c
K i t qua lii Bdng 8 cho thay, tri sd pH dich trai
B a n g 8: T r j so p H ciia t r a i xoai C d t Hoa Lpc theo t h o i gian t o n trir
d cdc n g h i i m thiic cd x u h u d n g tdng theo thdi gian tdn trii.
N. thiic Doi chiing CaCb lOOOppm CaCl2 2000ppm CaCl2 3000ppm Ca(0H)2 lOOOppm Ca(OH)2 2000ppm Ca(OH)2 3000ppm Ca(N03)2 lOOOppm Ca(NO3)2 2000ppm Ca(NO3)2 3000ppm
*cV(%)
0 3,34 3,17 3,17 3,20 3,16 3,17 3,24 3,22 3,15 3,15 ns 3,43
2 3,56 3,47 3,45 3,64 3,55 3,51 3,44 3,43 3,52 3,47 ns 5,34
ThM gian ton trii 4 4,64"
4,27"
3,89' 4,00' 3,89' 4,10"
3,81' 3,86' 3,85' 3,92'
7,12
,*
6 (6,01") 5,06' 4,55' 4,47' 4.75' 4,54' 4,43' 4,84' 4,88' 4,67' 6,95
**
(ngay) 8 (6,27") 5,24' 4,97' 4.73' 5.23' 4,77' 4,73' 5,21' 5,33' 5,12' 6,28
**
10
(5,41) (5,10) 5,70 (5,76) (5,40) 5,79 (5,46) (5,62) (5,53) ns 8,94
12 (6,02) (5,74) (5,82) (6,06) (5,96) (5,93) (6,05) (5,80) (5,86) ns 5,52 Trong cimg mpi cpl cdc so chU theo sau gidng nhau khong
khdc biil cdy nghTa thdng ki. **: khdc biil thdng ke a mm Trj sd pH cua trai x o ^ Cat Hda Lpc tir khi thu hogch d i n 02 ngdy sau khi tdn trii thi giiia cac nghi?m tiiuc khdng cd s u khac biit y nghia q u a phdn tich thdng k i . N h u n g d i n ngay thii 04, 06 va thur 08 sau khi tdn trii tiii giiia cdc nghiim thiic cd xii \^ calcium va nghiem tiuic ddi chiing cd s u khac bi?t tiidng k i d miic <j nghTa 1%, nghiim tiuic cd u j s6 pH cao n h l l la n ^ i i m tiuic ddi chiing (lln lupt la 4,64; 6,01 v a 6,27 tuong iing vdi cdc ngay
Wide biit y nghfa thong ki qua phep thu Duncan, ns: khdng
•y nghTa 1%, (): phdn lich nhitng Irdi cdn lgi thii 04, 06 vd 08 sau khi ldn tni) vd nh&ng nghi?m thiic cd xii ly calcium thi cd trj sd p H cao hon.
3.8 S u t h a y d d i h a m lirprng d u d n g tdng sS (*/o) ciia trdi xoai C a t H d a L § c
Qua k i t qua phan tich thong ke d Bdng 9 cho tiidy, hdm lucmg d u d n g tdng so d i n ngay tiiii 02 sau khi t6n trii khdng cd s\i khdc b i i t y nghta tiling k i giua cdc n g h i i m thiic.
T(^ chi Khoa hpc Trudng Dgi hgc Can Tha Phdn B: Ndng nghiip, Thuy sdn vd Cong nghi Sinh hgc: 34 (2014): 46-54 Bang 9: Ham lupug dudng tong sd (%) ciia xoai Cat Hda Ldc theo thdi gian t^n trir
Doi chiing CaCh lOOOppm CaCl2 2000ppm CaCl2 300Qppm Ca(OH)a lOOOppm Ca(OH)2 2000ppm Ca(OH)2 3000ppm Ca(N03)2 lOOOppm Ca(NO3)2 2000ppm Ca(NO3)2 3000ppm F
CV (%)
2 3,90 3,72 3,85 3,82 3,92 3,85 3,82 3,85 3,88 3,90 ns 27,93
4 9,25"
8,78"
7,68"
6,82- 8,60"
7,90""
7,05' 8,90"
8,25""
7,88*"
12,33
••
ThM gian 6 (12,85") 11,38"
10,30"
8,70- 11,17"
9,48"
8,63- 11.42"
11,42*
10,35"
9,46
**
ton trir (ngay) 8 (13,95") 12.58'"
12.62*' 11,05- 12,28*- 12,02"
11,85"
13.00*
11.88"
11.47"
8.15
*,
10 (1330) (13,48) 12.45 (13,25) (12,70) 12,18 (13,20) (13,02) (12,82) Ns 7,72
12 (14,00) (13,88) (13,78) (13,80) (13,48) (13,40) (13,72) (13,82) (13,28) Ns 7,31 Trong citng mgt cgt cdc sd chii Iheo sau gidng nhau khdng khdc biit y nghia thong ki qua phep thir Duncan, ns: khdng khdc biit cd y nghfa ihdng ki. **: khdc biel thdng ki d mucy nghfa 1%, (): phdn tich nhiing Irdi con lgi
Tir ngdy thii 04 din ngay thii 08 sau khi tdn trii cd su khdc bi$t thong ke giiia cdc nghiem thirc xu 1;^ calcium so vdi nghiem thiic ddi chiing d miic y nghTa 1%, diiu nay cd the dupe giai thich la do sir thuy phdn tinh bdt xdy ra khdng ddng deu giua cac ngliiem tiuic, Uong dd nghiim tilitic ddi chdng cd hdm lupng dudng ldng sd cao hon so vdi cdc nghiem tiuic cdn Iai. Tuy nhiin, vdo ngay thii 10 va 12 cua qud Uinli ton trii thi khdng cd su khac biet y nghTa thdng ke giiia cac nghiem thuc. Cd the la do trai da di vao giai dogn chin ldi da cua qua trinh chin sau thu hogch nin lam hdm luong dudng tdog so giira cac nghiem thiic khdng cdn khac biet.
3.9 Su thay ddi hdm lugrng vitamin C (mg/lOOg) ciia trai xoai Cit Hda L^c
Kit qua phdn tich tir Bdng 10 cho thdy, d tai thdi diim sau thu hogch vd 02 ngdy sau khi tdn trii Ihi giiia cac nghiem thirc cd xu ly calcium vd nghiem thiic ddi chiing klidng cd su khdc biit y nghTa thdng ki. Sau 04, 06 va 08 ngay ldn trii thi giiia cac nghiim thiic cd s^r khac bi$t thdng ki d miic 1%. Tai thdi diem ngdy thur 08 thi nghiim thuc cd ham lupng vitamin C thdp nhdt la nghiim thiic ddi chiing (3.42g/100g) va khac biet thdng ke so vdi nghiem thirc xic I^ CaCh 3000 ppm vd Ca(0H)2 3000 ppm. Tuy nhiin, din ngdy tiui 10 va 12 thi giiia cac nghiem thiic xii Iy calcium khdng cd su khac biet y nghTa thdng ke.
Bang 10: Ham lupng vitamin C (mg/lOOg) ciia xoai Cat Hda Lpc theo thoi gian tdn trir
Doi chiing CaCh lOOOppm CaCh2000ppm CaCh3000ppm Ca(OH)2 lOOOppm Ca(OH)22000ppm Ca(OH)23000ppm Ca(N03)2 lOOOppm Ca(NO3)2 2000ppm Ca(NO3)23000ppm F
CV (%)
0 12,38 12,05 12,02 12,22 12,05 12,38 12,40 12,30 12.15 12,42 ns 8,17
2 10,08 9,80 10,12 9,72 10,35 10,75 10,12 10,12 10,20 9,92 ns 9.88
ThM gian ton trir I 4 7.12' 7.92"
8,50"
8,55"
8,65- 8,95"
9,42"
8,65"
8,45*
9,38"
11.68
**
6 (5,20') 5,85"
6,30"
6,75"
6.48"
7,00"
6,95' 5,90*
6,28"
6,80"
15,75
**
[ngay) 8 (3,42') 3,42"
3,95"
4,12"
3,88"
4,10"
4,32"
3,75*
3,85*
3,98"
8,15
**
10 ~ (2,85) (2,90) 2,80 (2,85) (2,85) 2,92 (2,85) (2,85) (2,90) ns 11,06
- -=EEu=3
" j 2 — (1,75) (1,80) (1,70) (1,75) (1,75) (1,83) (1,75) (1,75) (1,80) ns 17,97 Trang citng mpi cgt cdc sd chU iheo sau gidng nhau khdng
khdc biil CO y nghfa Ihdng ki, **: khdc biil thdng ke d muc
khdc biel y nghfa thong ke qua phep thd Duncan, ns: khdng y nghia 1%, (): phdn lich nhirng Irdi cdn lgi
Tgp chi Khoa hpc Trudng Dgi hpc Cdn Tha Phdn B: Ndng nghiip. Thity sdn vd Cong nghe Sinh hpc: 34 (2014): 46-54 Nhin chung, hdm luong vitamin C cua trdi
xoai Cdt Hda Ldc cd xu hudng gidm ddn ironp tiidi gian tdn trii. Diiu nay cd thi la do tidi dupe tdn tiii 0 diiu ki?n phdng tin nghiem cd nhi?t dp luang ddi cao (tiimg bmh 28-33"C) Iam cho vitamin C ti-ong ti^i bj oxy hod nhanh. Theo Qudch Dinh et al. (1996) va Trdn Minh Tam (2000) cho ring ham lupng vitamin C giam mgnh U-ong qua tiinh bao qudn.
3.10 S\r thay dii gia trj cam quan cua trdi xoai Cdt Hda Lpc
Qua kit qud trinh bay d Bang 11 cho thay tgi thdi diim thu hogch, gid tii cam quan giua cac nghiim thiic khdng cd su khdc biet y nghTa thing ki. Gia tri cam quan cua trai d cdc nghiim thiic gidm ddn theo thdi gian tdn trii. Sau 06 ngay ton Uii thi trdi d cac nghiim tiuic vdn cdn xanh tuoi va bdng, gia trj thuong phim gidm it, cac nghiim thiic cd xii 1^ mudi calcium cd gia tri cdm quan cao hon so vdi doi chiing va khac biil qua phan tich thdng ke d miic 1 %. Ngdy thii 08 sau khi tdn tru, phdm
Bang 11: Gid trj cam quan (diim) ciia trdi xoai cat Hda L$c theo thdi gian tdn trtj*
chdt ti-ai bit diu giam sut, vd ti-ai khdng cdn xanh tuoi va bdng. Diim sd cam quan ciia trdi c6 sir khdc biit giiia cac nghiem thiic, tat ca cdc nghiem tiuic cd xii Iy calcium duy tri gia tri cdm quan lit bon so vdi ddi chiing vd cd khac bi^l qua phdn tich tiidng ke d miic S nghTa 1%. CJ thdi diim ngdy tiiii 08 sau khi tdn ti-a thi gia tri cdm quan ciia n^iem thiic ddi chiing da mdt gia trj thuong phim (du6i 40 diim). Din ngdy thii 08 sau khi tin trii, qua ddnh gid cam quan thi trai xodi Cdt Hda Lie d cac nghiem cd xu ly Ca(OH)2 ho|ic CaCh d n^ng do 3000 ppm cd gia tri thucmg phdm cao ban 40 diem, Uong khi nhimg nghiem thiic khdc thi gid tri cam quan da thdp dudi 40 diim. Din ngay thii 10 sau khi tdn trii thi trai xoai Cat Hda Lpc d cac nghiem thiic diu khdng cdn gia tr; thuong pham (diim cam quan thdp hon 40 diim). Nhu v$y, vi?c ngdm calcium sau thu hoach da Idm tri hodn s\r giam gid trj Ihuang phara ciia trdi khoang 2 ngdy so voi nghiim thiic ddi chiing, Uong dd viic n^dm Uai voi Ca(OH)2 3000 ppm td ra cd hieu qud nhdt.
D6i chiing CaCh lOOOppm CaCh2000ppm CaCl2 3000ppm Ca(0H)2 lOOOppm Ca(OH)22000ppm Ca(OH)2 3000ppm Ca(N0j)2 lOOOppm Ca(NO3)22000ppm Ca(NO3)23000ppm F
CV(%)
0 76,5 76 74,5 76 75.5 76,5 76 75 75,5 76,5 ns 3,39
02 62' 65"
63,5' 67"
63,5' 66"
69- 62,5' 64.5*
66ab
ThM gian tSn trii 04 50,5- 55""
55,5'"
58,5"
51,5"
55"- 59"
50,5- 53.5""
57*
06 (44-) 48,5""
47,5""
51"
45,5"
47,5""
50,5"
44- 46,5"- 51"
3.73 4.75 5,23 (ngiy)
08 (25-) 35' 36' 44"
35' 37' 44,5"
35,5' 35' 37' 6,46
**
10 (27-)
-
(28,5'-) 31' (27<) (28") 35"
(27-) (28") (31') 6,01
**
12 (22,5) (24,5) (24) (23,5) (23,5) (25) (22) (24) (25,5) Ns 6,99 Trong cimg mdt cgt cdc sd chU Iheo sau gidng nhau khdng khdc biil y nghTa thdng ki qua phip thie Duncan, ns: khdng khdc biil cd y nghTa Ihdng ki. **• khdc biit thdng kid mircy nghfa 1 %., (): phdn tich nhiing Irdi con lgi
phdm chit nhu dp Brbt, pH djch trai, ham lupng dudng tdng sd deu thdp hon d6i chiing. Ddng thdi, dp Cling, hdm luong vitamin C va gia trj cam quan cda nghiem tiuic xu Iy CaCb hodc Ca(OH)2dn6ng dp 3000 ppm ludn duy tri d miic cao, mau sdc v6 trai (AE, ti-i sd b) it b; thay &h\.
4.2 Dixuat 4 KET LU-*N VA BE XUAT
4.1 Kit ludn
Trong diiu ki?n tdn trii d nhiit dp phdng (nliiet dd: 28-33''C va dm dd: 55-65%), ti-di xodi Cat Hda Ldc dupe ngdm trong dung djch CaCb hodc Ca(0H)2 15 phut d ndng dp 3000 ppm sau thu hogch ton tiii duoc 08 ngdy ma van duy tri duac chit lupng. Viic xd Iy nay giiip uai hgn chi dupe t>- i? nhilm binh (CaCh 7,5% va Ca(0H)2 5%), hgn che hao hyt trpng lupng (CaCh 14,65% va Ca(0H)2 14,72%) va ban chi ty Ii h-ai bj rune cudng (CaCh 5% vd Ca(OH): 5%). Cac chi tieu vi
Nin thuc hiin them cdc thi n^iem di khao sat them cac khia cgnh khac nhu: nhiit dp ngam va cac nhiit dd tdn trii khac nhau cd dnh hudng nhu the nao din ddi sdng sau thu hogch cua trdi xodi Cat Hda Ldc.
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Phdn B: Ndng nghiip, Thity sdn vd Cong nghi Sinh hpc. 34 (2014): 46-54
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Smitii and D. Thom (1973), "Biological interaction between polysaccharides and divalent cation: The egg-box model", FEBS Lett.,VoI.32,pp.l95-198.
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Sci. 25(4):205.
11. Trdn Minh Tdm (2000), Bdo quan vd chi biin ndng sdn sau thu hoach. Nha xudt ban Ndng nghiip. Ha Ndi.
12. Trdn Thi Kim Ba (2007), Ndng cao nang sudt, phim chdt va keo ddi tiidi gian tdn trii xoai Cat Hda Lpc (Mangifera indica .var Cat Hoa Loc) bdng biin phap xii \S hda chit trudc va sau thu hoach. Lugn vdn tiin si.
Khoa Ndng nghieiJ va Sinh hpc U'ng dung.
Trudng Dai hpc Cin Tho.
