Tgp ehi Khoa hge Tmong Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phan D: Khoa hoc Chinh tri, Kinh ti vd Phdp ludt: 35 (2014)' 32-39
Tap chf Khoa hocTrLTc^ng Dai hgc Can Thd website: sjxtu.edu.vn
PHAN TICH CHUOI GIA TRI XOAI CAT HOA LOC {MANGIFERAINDICA L.) Tf NH B 6 N G T H A P
Truong H&ng Vo Tuan Kiet' va Duong Nggc Thanh'
' Vien Nghien cdu Phdt trien Ddng bdng Song Ciru Long, Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha
Thdng tin chung:
Ngdy nhgn: 25/07/2014 Ngdy chdp nhdn 31/12/2014
Title:
Value chain analysis of
"Hoa Loc " mango (Manglfera indica L.) in the Dong Thap Province
Tukhoa:
chuoi gid tri, gid tri gia tdng, xodi Hoa Lgc Dong Thdp
Keywords:
Value chain, added value and "HoaLoc" mango in Dong Thap
ABSTRACT
I area of the Dong Thap province - the largest in the Mekong Delta - is about 9.031 ha in the year of 2013. Hoa Loc mango area ts about 30% of total mango area in Dong Thap province. Farmers have had many years of experience of mango cultivation. They have successfully applied techniques to handle off-season flowers so mango crops have harvested whole year-round.
However, linkages in production and consumption indicated many difficulties.
Therefore, a systematic research has needed to find out the problems from production to consumption. Also, integrated value chain approach method from Kapllnsky & Morris (2000), Recklies (2001), GTZ Eschbom (2007).
M4P (2007) and Vo Thi Thanh Loc (2013) was used in this research to analyze operations of the Hoa Loc mango value chain in Dong Thap. The result showed that farmers' land area is small and there is a mango Cooperative but not any mango processing factory in Dong Thap province.
Domestic market channel is about 88% of total volume consumption (mainly Ho Chi Minh City market). Shortening market channel and making farmer linkages help reduce costs and increase profit for the value chain actors.
TOM TAT
Ddng Thdp Id tinh cd diin tich trdng xodi nhiiu nhdt DBSCL vdi 9.031 ha nam 2013. Trong dd, dien tich trdng xodi cat Hda Lgc chiem 30% trong tdng diin tich trdng xodi cua tinh Ddng Thdp. Nong'ddn trdng xodi cd'nhieu kinh nghiem sdn xudt, dng dung thdnh cong ky thugt xir ly ra hoa trdi vu vi thd miia vu thu hogch xodi Id quanh ndm. Tuy nhien, viic thuc hien lien kit trong sdn xudt vd tiiu thu cdn nhiiu kho khan vudng mdc. Do dd, mdt nghiin cdu mang tinh he thdng Id rdt cdn thiit di tim ra cdc vdn de tdn tgi tu sdn xudt den tieu thu- Trong nghiin cuu ndy sd dung phuang phdp tiip can cua Kaplinsky &
Morris (2000), Recklies (2001), Eschbom GTZ (2007), M4P (2007) vd Vo 2hi Thanh Lgc (2013) di phdn tich su van hdnh cua chudi gid tri y^odi Hoa Lgc Ddng Thdp. Kit qud cho thdy qui md sdn xudt cda ndng ddn nhd le, todn tinh Ddng Thdp chi cd 1 hgp tdc xd (HTX) xodi, chua cd cdng ty ehi biin xodi. Kenh thi trudng ndi dia chiem ty trong ldn 88% tdng lugng xodi tieu thu (chu yiu Id thi trudng thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh). Viic rut ngdn kenh thi trudng vd liin kit nong ddn sdn xudt giup gidm dugc chi phi vd gia tdng lgi nhudn cho cdc tdc nhdn tham gia.
1 GIOITHIPU
Ddng Thdp la mdt ttong nfaihig tinli cd dien tich ttdng xodi Idn nfaat Ding bing sdng Ciiu Long
(DBSCL). Xoai la logi cay an trai dugc canh tie tu rit lau ddi, ttong dd dac biet la xoai Cat Hda Lgc la mgt trong hai giong xodi rat ndi tiing va dugc
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hpc Cdn Tha Phdn D. Khoa hoc Chinh tri, Kinh ti vd Phdp lugl: 35 (2014): 32-39 ttdng phd biin nhit tai Ddng Tfadp. Diy la loai cay
an ttdi die sin, cd gid tri kuifa tl cao dugc thi trudng ttong va ngoii nude rit ua cfauong. Trong thdi gian qua, tirtii Ddng Thip cung di cd nfaieu chinh sach di kfauyin khich vi pfaat tiiin sin xuat xoai theo hudng ben vung (sdn xuit tiieo tiiu cfauin an toin, VietGqi va Global G ^ ) vi nang cao gii trj ( c ^ chftng nfain nhan hieu hgp tdc xa (HTX) sin xuat va tieu tiiy xoai Cao Linh mi si:
178904, h ^ tic xa xoai MJ Xuong dugc d p ma sd vung ttdng xuit khlu sai^ New Zealand).
(UBND tinh Dong Thip, 2013)
Qua diy cho thiy tinfa Ddng Thap da rat nd lyc ttong vile lien kit san xuit va tiiu tfau eac ndng sin tfal mgnh efta tinfa. Tuy nhien, su liln kit san xuat va tieu thu phdt sinfa nhilu van di ldn. Cic co sd ehu yeu cd qui md nfad va vira thudng xuyen gap khd khin vi vdn, nhin lyc cdn thiiu, khi nang tiip cgn tfaj trudng va ddp ung cac tiiu cfauan cao ttong tiiu tfay cdn rit faan cfae. Bin canfa dd, quy md sin xuit ciia ndng din con nfad 11 vi nfaan tfaue ve vl sinfa an toan thyc pham chua tdt. M$c du cd djnfa faudng quy hoach pfait trien san xuit nfaung van chua liln kit dugc ndng din cung liln kit sin xuit.
Han nita, kfaau pfadt ttien thj trudng tieu tfay cdn nfaiiu tfaiiu sdL Cy tfal, tfaieu nfaa may cfal bien, quy ttinh cdng ngh? che biln phuc vy xuit khau.
Chinfa vi vay, n^ien cftu nganfa faang xodi cit Hda L$c tinfa Ddng Tfaip tfaeo pfauong phip tilp can chuSi gid trj li rat cin thiit dl quan ly chat lugng sdn phim ragt each fae thong va sin xuit theo nfaiing gl thj trudng cin (tir dau vao sin xuit din diu ra tiiu dftng).
2 PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1 Dja diim nghiin ctiru
Huyen Cao Linh va thinh phd Cao Lanh li hai dja diim dugc chgn dc khio sit vi diy li hai dja phucmg cd di|n ticfa ttdng xoai vi sin lugng xoii cao nfait tinfa Ddng Tfaip. Nim 2012, tfainh phd Cao Linh va huy|n Cao Lanh cd di|n ticfa ttong xoii dat 5.779 ha vdi san lugng dat 58.155 tin chiim lin lugt 64% diln ticfa gieo ttdng va 69,2%
sin lugng xodi toan tinfa.
2.2 Thu thgp so li^u
Nghien cftu niy di tien hanfa theo hinh thftc phdng vin tryc tiip cde ddi tugng (cic tac nhin tham gia cfaudi) bang pfaieu cau hdi ciu true va bin ciu tnic va thio lugn nhdra cd sy tham gia cua ndng din (tfaao luan PRA vdi 02 nhdm ndng din, raoi nfadm 10 ndng dan). Bin canh dd. ngfailn cihi
cung da tiin hanh phdng van cfauyen s&i ban quan Iy chg diu mdi ttdi cay My Hiip di bilt duge sin lupng xoai vi chg hang nam va qui mo kinh doanh eua cdc vya ttai ciy tgi chg. Cac s6 li^u tap trung kfaai thic thdng tin vl hogt dgng mua, faoat d^ng bin, ehi pfai, gia ban, lgi nhugn cua tiing tdc nhin.
Di tai da diiu tta 125 quan sat miu cho tit ca cac tdc nhan, cu tiii nfau sau:
I . = ^-'^
Bang 1: Co* cau quan sat mau Tac nban
Dgi ly vat tu ndng ngfaiep Cung cip giong Ndng din Hap tic xa Thuong Iai Vya ddng gdi ttong tinh Vya phin pfadi ngoai tinfa Ngudi bdn 11 Van chuyin Quy tin dung Tong cdng
So quan sat mSu 10
•2
114 1 7 7 3 7 4 2 125 2.3 Phuong phap pfain ticfa
2.3.1 Phuangphdp tiep cdn
Be tii da sft dyng ly tfauylt "cfauoi gia ttj" cua Kaplinsky & Morris (2000), "Kit ndi chudi gid tti - ValueLinks" (2007) efta Eschbom GTZ, "Thj trudng cho ngudi ngheo - cdng cy phan tich chu§i gia tri" M4P (2007) vd phin tich chuSi gia ttj sdn pham - ling dyng ttong ITnfa vyc ndng ngfailp ciia Vd Thj Thanh Lgc va Nguyin Phu Son (2013).
2.3.2 Phuang phdp phdn tich
Ngfaien cftu sft dung pfauong phap v i cdng cu phan ticfa: phin tich thing kl rad td, pfain ticfa chi phi- lgi nhuin, phuang phdp so sinfa. _' ..-^^
3 KET QUA THAO LUAN
Qua kfaio sit cfao tfaiy ndng ddn bin xoai tfaeo 2 phuang thftc Id ban xoai xd vd ban theo phin loai xoii theo ttgng lugng ttdi-gr/trdi (logi l:>450gr, loai 2:>350gr, logi 3:<350gr). Ndng dan si phan logi khi ty le xoii loai I dgt ttin 80%. Kit qua dieu tta cdc tdc rtiian da chia si, khi tiin fainfa phin logi xodi xd till ^ 11 xoii loai I dat khodng 72%, 25%
xoai loai 2 va 3% xoai logi 3. Sy chinh lich gii bdn gifta cdc vy ttong n ^ va giura cac logi xodi ttong vu la rat Idn. Gid bdn xoai loai 1 nam 2012 efta ndng din himg binfa kfaoing 43.200 ddng/kg gap 1,62 lln xodi loai 2, gip 3,13 lan xodi logi 3 va gap 1,43 lan xoai xd.
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tmdng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho PhdnD- Khoa hgc Chinh tri, Kinh li va Phdp lugt. 35 (2014)• 32-39 anitijooodSw^
ID • 0
43J
liil
: Gia ban xoai Hoa Lgc Ddng Thap nam 2012 - 2013
Trong ca ciu chi phi sin xuat xoai Hda Lgc thi chi pfai tfaudc sau, benh chiim cao nfait 31,2%.
Xoai cit Hda Lpc la gidng xoai tdn chi phi phdng trft siu benfa cao faan so vdi cdc gidng xoii kfaac.
Vdi dac tutii trai vd mdng, cd huong thara kfai cfain,... nen ttd tfaanfa ddi tugng tin cdng cua nfaiiu lodi cdn trimg, djch hai. M§t khic, xoii cat Hoa Lgc la giong xoai dac san ed gid tti kinli te eao. Do dd, cdc ndng din tting xoii lu6n thudng xuyIn theo doi va chft ddng phdng ttft siu binh dl dira bio nang suit, chit lugng ttdi gdp phan dn dinh ngudn thu nhap.
Biing 2: Ctf cau chi phi san xuat xoai Hoa Loc ciia nong dan STT Khoan muc
1 Chi phi day vao
dong/lig 12.340
Ty trong (%) 62,0 1.1 Chi phi phan
J.2 Chi phi thudc sdu, benh 1.3 Chi phi tiiuic bdn goc
1.4 Chl pfai tfaudc xu ly - kich thich ra hoa
1.820 6.210 550 3.760
9,1 31,2 2,8 18,9 2
2!
2.2 2.3 3
Chi phi tang them Chi plii bao trai
Ciii phi lao dong (thu4 gia dinh)
Chi phi ichac (dap m6, tirai, van chuySn, lai vay, dung cu) Tong gia thSnh 1 l(g xoiii loai 1
7.570 1.100 4.310 2.160 19.910
38,0 5,6 21,6 10,8 100,0 Ghichu: Ty le qui ddi gid xodi x6, logi 2. logi 3 sangxodi loai 1 ldn lugl Id 1,43,1.62 vd 3,13 Muc qui doi gid xodi logi 2, logi 3 sang logi xodi loai 1 dua trSn Ihdng lin dieu tra vd cdch linh gid binh qudn gia quyen Miic qui doi gid xodi xo qua gid xodi logi 1 dugc linh tren long muc ty le thu hoi xodi xo sau khi duac phdn logi vd gid bdn: logi 1 binh qudn dgt 72%, logi 2 binh qudn 25% vdi gid 0.62 ldn logi 1, logi 3 binh quan dgt 3% vdi gid bdn 0,32 ldn logi
l(60%+25%x0,62+3%x0.32^86,4%, ly 14 qui ddi 1/0,864=1.15) Trong canh tie xoii, ngoai yiu td ky tfauat, kinh nghiim ciia ndng din thi ylu tfadi tilt ludn la van de quan tam fadng diu ddi vdi ndng dan ttdng xoai.
Ben cgnfa dd,. thdi tiet xau cijng^co anh hudng rit ldn din kJ thu^t xft^ry^rPrw^-vdadu-ttdi. Do dd, khi gjp thdi tiit bat Igi ndng dan thudng phai ton nliilu chl phi cho phun thuic xft 1^? - kicfa tfaich ra hoa nhiiu lin (chiim 19% co ciu chi phi san xuit) va ton nfaiiu cdng lao dOng cfao viec rung cay va pfaun rfta sgcfa nude mua tten cay xoii. Vi tfal, cfai phi lao d^ng cung ting lln vd ludn chilm tJ ttpng cao ttong ca ciu cfai phi sin xuit khodng 22%.
Thdi tiit bit lgi khdng efai inli hudng den kha nang d|iu trai mi con dnh hudng din chit lugng ttai xodi, giam gid ban va chi phi ting cao. Dd ciing la nguyin nhin ddn den cfal phi sau benh, chi phi xft ly - kicfa tfaiefa ra faoa vi cfal phi lao ddng ludn chilm tJ le cao ttong ting ca cau cfai phi sdn xuit xoii.
3.1 Sa do chudi gia trj xoai Cat Hoa Lgc tinh Ding Thap
Cic chuc nang tfaam gia ehuSi
- Nguon ddu vdo: bao gdm nha cung d p gidng, phin bon, thudc bio ve thye vat,...
- Sdn xudt: ndng din trong xoai, thanh vien HTX.
- Thu gom: ed faai tdc nhin cfainfa li tiiuong ldi va cfau vya frong tinfa.
- Sa che: cd hai tic nhan chinfa la vya ddng gdi ttong tinh va vya phin phii ngoii tinh.
- Thuong mgi: bao gdm ci vya ddng gdi ttong tinh va vya phan phii ngoii tinh. Tuy nhien, vya phdn phdi ngoai tinh thyc hiln chftc nang thuong mai la chu yiu.
Tgp ehi Khoa hge Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn D: Khoa hoc Chinh Iri, Kinh le vd Phdp lugt: 35 (2014): 32-39 lu v a o \ \ S a n xult^^'^^^rhu gom ^ ^ ^ So chi ^ ^ > T h u o n g m a i ^ ^ . Tieu dung \ >
Vi|n, Trudng, Khuyin ndng dja phucmg
Cic Sd, ngdnh, Ngin hing, Quy tin dung
Hinh 2: Sor do chuoi gid tri xoai cat Hda L6e Bing Thap Kenh thj trudng sdn phdm xodi Hoa L^c tgi
tinh DSng Thdp
Qua so do chudi gid tti xoii cat chu Ddng Thdp xic dinh dugc cdc kinh chinh sau:
Kinfa 1: Ndng din ^^ thucmg ldi —^vya ddng gdi ttong tinh^*-xuit khiu
Kinh 2: Nong dan ^*- vya ddng gdi ttong tinh
^^ xuit khau
Kinh 3: Ndng dan ^•thuong lai ^ ^ v y a dong gdi ^ ^ vya phin phdi ^^ bin II ^ • - ngi dia
Kinh 4; Ndng din^*-tiiuong lai ^^-vya phin phii ngodi tinh —••bdn le^*-ngi dja
Kinh 5: Ndng din ^•^vya ddng gdi ttong tinfa bin 1 1 ^ * ngi dja
Kinfa 6: Ndng dan^*-bin le^^ngi dja
Kinfa 7: HTX — • vya phin phoi ngodi tinh -^•ban Ie^*-nOidia
3.2 Phan ticfa kinh te ehuSi
Qua so di cfaudi gii ttj xoii cit Hda Lpc Ding Tfaip cho thiy, kenh xuit khlu la kinfa ed ting gid ttj gia ting cao nfaung cfaiim ty 11 khilm tin chi kfaoing 12%. Thj trudng tiiu thu cfainh cua xoii cit Hda Lpc Ddng Thip la thj trudng ngi dja, die bi|t la tiiinfa pfao H i Chi Minh. Hing nira lugng xodi cat Hda Lgc chu yiu xuit khlu sang Trung Quic qua efta kfaiu Lang Son. Tuy nfailn, thj tmdng Trung Quic tieu tiiy xoii edt Hoa Lgc khdng nhilu bang xoii edt Chu v i cdc loai xoai kfaic vi gii cua xoii Hda Lgc rit eao, kfad bdo qudn, vd mdng nfaanfa chin,... Sdn lugng xoii cit Hda Lgc xuat khiu sang cic tiij trudng Cfaau Au, M^, Nhgt, Han Qudc la rit it vi kfadng duy tti dugc sdn lugng dn djnfa.
Tgp ehi Khoa hge Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn D: Khoa hgc Chinh tri, Kinh te vd Phap ludf 35 (2014): 32-39 Bang 3: Gii tri gia ting chuSi gii tri xoai Cat Hda Lgc theo kinfa xuit khiu
DVT: ddng/kg Khoiin muc Nflng din Thinmg lai Vya ddng gdi trong tinh _ J o n s _ Kenh 1: Ndng dan - Thirong Iii - Vua trong tinh - Xuit khau
Gid ban Gid tti gia ting Chi phi dau vio Chi phi ting tfalm Gii ttj gia ting tiiuln Lgi nhuin/chi phi (lin)
43.200 30.860 12.340 7.570 23.290 1.17
48.000 4.800 43.200 960 3.840 0,09
65.000 17.000 48.000 5.740 11.260 0,21
14.270 38.390 Kenh 2: Nong din - Vya ddng gdi trong tinh - Xuat khau
Gid bdn Gii ttj gia tang Chi phi diu vao Cfai pfai tang thira Gid trj gia ting thuin Lgi nhuan/cfai phi (lin)
44.600 32.260 12.340 8.130 24.130 1,18
65.000 20.400 44.600 5.740 14.660 0,29'
13.870 38.790 Ngudn, Kit qud dieu tra 2013
Tft kit qui phin tich Bing 3 cho thay, tdng gid ttj gia ting dugc tao ra ttong kinh I vi kinli 2 li nhu nhau 52.660 ddng/kg. Khi kinfa thi truong cang dugc rut ngan thi efai pfai tang them eai^ gidm v i gii ttj gia tang thuin (1^ nfaugn/kg) cang tang.
So sinh kinfa 1 vi kinh 2 (bd qua tic nhin thuong ldi vya phdn phdi ngodi tinh) thi tong chi phi tdng tfalm ttong kenh xuat khau giam duge 400 ddng/kg va lgi nfaugn tang thim 400 ddng^g. Qua kit qua pfain tich cung chi ra ring, khi nit ngin kinh thj tnrdng thi lgi nhuin dugc pfaan pfadi theo nguyin tic tdc nfadn liln ke trudc va tie nlidn liln kl sau duge faudng lgi. Tuy nfailn, tic nhin liin kl sau, tiip can tfaj trudng lit faon thi lgi nfauan tang nfaiiu han. Cy thi, ttong kinh xuat kfaau kfai nit ngin kinh till Igi.nfauin efta tdc nhan ndng din cfai ting tfalm 840 ddng/kg, trong khi do tdc nfain vya ddng gdi ttong tinh thyc hiln hoat d^ng thuong mgi cd lgi nhugn tang thira 3.400 ddng/kg. Tuy xoii edt Hda L^c la logi ttdi cay dgc sin thom, ngon rtiiung sd lugng xuit kfaiu chua nfaiiu. Hien tgi, tfai trudng nOi dja vin la tfaj trudng chu lye cua xoai cat Hda LOc vdi ddi tugng klidch hang cd thu nliip ttung binfa, eao. Gia bin xodi edt Hda Lpc ludn cao hom gip nhilu lin so vdi cde loai xoii khde vd ludn nim trong nhdm trii cay cd gii bdn cao nhit ttin tfaj trudng. Do dd, thj trudng va khdefa hang ctia xoai edt Hda L^c raang tinh phin khue cao. Xoai edt Hda L^e dugc tieu thy mgnh nfait tai cic cfag diu moi Idn, silu tfai vd nha faing tai tfainh pfad Hd Cfai Minfa.
Kit qud pfaan tich Bdng 4 eho thiy klii phin
tieh cdc kinfa tfaj ttudng ndi dja tfai ket qui dgt dugc tuang ty nhu phin tich cic kinh thj trudng xuit khiu. Khi kinh thj trudng cing ngan thi tdng ehi pfai tang them eua kenh cang giim v i tdng Igi nfaugn cua kenh cang ting va gii trj gia ting tfauin (Igi nhuin) dupe tii phin phdi theo nguyin tic tdc nhan liln ke trudc va lien ke sau dugc ting thim lgi nfaugn.
Tuy nfailn, qua ket qui phin tich Bing 4 ciing chi ra ring hai kinh cd sd lugng tdc nfaan bai^
nhau nfaung tao ra gid trj khdc nhau. Cy the khi so sdnh kenh 5 (ndng dan, vya ddng gdi ttong tinh, ban le) v i kinh 7 (HTX, vya phin phoi ngo^ tinfa, bdn Ie) cfao thay chi phi tdng them cua kinh 7 gidra 290 ddng/kg v i lgi nhu§n tang 290 ddng/kg. Die bilt, cic ndng din v i xi'yilffH]Bg&6"lgniHuan"dat cao nhit trong tit ca cdc kenh 25.720 ddng/kg. Mdc dft trong kinh 6 nong din bin dugc gii cao nhit nhung lgi nhugn dgt thip faan kenh 7 vi ndng din phii tdn tfalm cfai pfai cfao mdi gidi (cd xoai) 10%
doanfa tiiu mdi ldn bdn. Ndng dan hoan toan khdng biit duge khdch hang rai chi thdng qua trung gian la mdi gidi, hoin toin 11 thugc vd mdi gidi vi tfadng tin tfaj trudng, fainh thuc tfaanfa todn,... Tdm 1^, kfai kinh tfaj trudng dugc nit ngan tfai ea faai tdc nfaan ndng dan va tdc nfaan cfau vya deu gia tang dugc Igl nfauan vd viee nit ngan kinh thj tmdng giup mang lgi hieu qud hon ve tong chi phi, tdng gii trj gia tang va tong lgi nhugn cfao toin kenh.
Ddng tfadi kfai liln kit ngang dugc ting cudng tfai giup cfao ndng din giim dugc chi phi vi ting tfalm Igi nhuin.
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hge Cdn Tha Phdn D: Khoa hge Chinh tri, Kinh ti vd Phdp ludi: 35 (2014): 32-39 Bang 4: Gii tri gia tang chudi gia tri xoai Cat Hoa Lgc theo kenh ngi dia
Khoan muc Gia bdn Gii tti gia tdng Chi phi dau vao Chi pfai ting thim Gii tti gia tdng tfauan Lai nhuin/chi phi (lin)
Nong dan 43.200 30.860 12.340 7.570 23.290 1,17
Thmrag lai
Kenh 4: Ndng dan - Thmrag lai - Vua phS Gia bdn
Gid ttj gia ting Chi phi ddu vao Chi pfai ting thira Gia tti gia tdng thuin Lgi nhuin/chi phi (lan) Kinh 5: Ndng dSn - Vya Gia bdn
Gii ttj gia ting Chi phi diu vao Chi phi tang them Gid tti gia ting tfauin Lgi nhuan/cfai phi (lan)
43.200 30.860 12.340 7.570 23.290 1,17
47.200 4.000 43.200 960 3.040 0,07
Vua dong gdi trong tinh
52.100 4.900 47.200 2.360 2.540 0,05 in phoi ngoai tinh . Ban Ie
49.600 6.400 43.200 1.970 4.430 0,10 ddng gdi trong tinh - Ban le - N$i dia
45.750 33.410 12.340 8.930 24.480 1,15
57.200 11.450 45.750 2.900 8.550 0,18
Vua phan phdi ngoiii tinh
57.200 S.IOO 52.100 1.880 3.220 0,06 '. - Noi dia
57.200 7.600 49.600 2.870 4.730 0,09
DVT.
Binle 66.400
9.200 5.7200 790 8.410 0,15 66.400 9J00 57.200 790 8.410 0,15 66.400 9.200 57.200 790 8.410 0,15
:d6ng/i^
Tdng 54.060 13.560 40.500
54.060 13.200 40.860
54.060 12.620 41.440 Kenh 6: Ndng dan - Bin le - Noi dia
Gii ban Gia ttj gia tdng Chi phi dau vdo Chi phi tdng thira Gid trj gia ting tfauin Lgi nhuan/cfai pfai (ldn)
50.000 37.660 12.340 12.750 24.910 0,99 Kenh 7: HTX - Vya pban phoi ngoai Gii bdn
Gid trj gia tdng Chi phi tang tfi4m " ~ ' * Gia tri gia tang thuAn Lgi nhuan/chi phi (lan)
48.500 36.160
— 10.44(f- 25.720
1,13
tinh - Ban le - Noi dia
57.200 8.700 48.500 1.100 7.600 0,15
66.400 16.400 50.000 790 15.610 0,31 66.400 9.200 57.200 790 8.410 0,15
54.060 13.540 40.520
54.060 12.330 41.730 Ngudn. Kit qua diiu tra 2013
Ket qud trao ddi vdi cdc cfauyin gia ttong linh vyc ndng nghiip tinh Ddng Thip, die bilt la sin xuit xoai di cho biet ndm 2012 ting lugng xoai toan tinfa 82.992 tan, ttong do sin lugng xoii cit
Hda Lgc udc khoang 12.599 tin, qui dii sang xoai cat Hda Lgc loal 1 la kfaoing 10.835 tin. Kit qua pliin tich tdng thi kinh t i chudi nfau s ^ :
Tgp chi Khoa hge Trudng Dgi hpc Cdn Tho Phdn D: Khoa hgc Chinh tri, Kinh li vd Phdp ludt: 35 (2014): 32-39 Bang 5: Tdng hgp kinh t i chugi
Khoan muc
Chuoi gia tri xoM Cat Hda LOc 1. San lugng (tin)
2. Gia ban (kg) 3. Lgi nhuan (d/kg) 4. Tong lgi nhuan (ti ddng) 5. T6ng thu nhap (ti ddng) 6. san lugng trung bmh mdi chu thi/nam (tin) (triSu ddng)
Chuoi gia tri xoai Cat Hda Lgc 1. San lugng (tan)
2. Gia ban (kg) 3. Lgi nhuan (d/kg) 4. Tong lgi nhuan (ti ddng) 5. Tong thu nhap (ti dong) 6. San lugng trung bmh mdi chii thi/nara (tin) 7. Lgi nhu§n trdn moi chii the (trifu ddng)
Cbuoi gia tri xoai Cat Hda Ldc 1. San lugng (tin)
2. Oia bin (kg) 3. Lgi nhuan (d/kg) 4. Tdng lgi n h u ^ (ti ddng) 5. Tong thu nhap (ti dong) 6. % Tdng loi nhuan 7. % Tdng thu nliap
Kdng dan HTX xuit khSu
1.322 43.200 23.290 30,79 57,11 2,54 59,16 ndi dia
9.513 43.200 23.290 221,56 410,97 2,54 59.157 ndi dia va :
10.835 43.200 23.290 252,35 468,07 62,3 21,2
Thmrag lai 1.322 48.000 3.840 5,08 63,45 59,87 229,90 3.186 47.200 3.040 9,68 150,36 59,87 182.005 suat khau
4.507 50.000 5.840 14,76 213,81 3,6 9,7
Vira trong tinh
1.322 65.000 11.260 14,89 85,92 465,40 5.240,40 7.108 52.100 2.540 18,05 370,32 465,40 1.182.116 8.430 54.123 3.907 32,94 456,24 8,1 20,6
Vita ngoai tinh
7.736 57.200 3.220 24,91 442,52 417,00 1.342.740 7.736 65.000 7.120 24,91 442,52 6,2 20,0
Banle
9.513 66.400 8.410 80,00 631,68 5,30 44.573 9.513 75.000 9.210 80,00 631,68
19,8 28,6
Tdng
50,76 206,48
354,20 2.005,85
404,96 2.212,32
100,0 100,0 Ngudn: Kel qud diiu Ira 2013
Qua kit qui phan tieh kinh tl chuoi Bang 5 cho thdy kinh ngi dja tgo tdng gia trj sdn lugng (tdng thu nhdp) eao glp 10 lin kinh xuit khlu. Khi phidri tich eho toan chuSi (ci kinh xuat khau vi ndi dja) tfai tdng gia tri sin lugng cua nginfa hang xodi edt Hda L^c raang lai khd ldn la khoing 2.212 ty ddng/nira va ting lgi nfauan dgt kfaodng 405 ty ddng/nam. Diiu quan trpng khi nghien eiiu chudi gia ttj la khdng ehi quan tim din tdng gii tti san phim tao ra ldn ma cdn la sy tai phin pfadi lgi nhu|n sao cho sy vgn hanh chudi dugc thdng sudt, fail fada Igi ich va bin vQng.
Kit qui phan tich chuoi gid ttj ttong Bang 5 cho thiy, tic nfain ndng dan vi tdc nfaan bdn le cd lgi nfaugn/kg dgt cao nhit vd ting lgi nhugn cung dgt eao nhit. Ndng dan dat tdng lgi nhugn todn chuoi khoang 252 ty ddng/ndra vd ban le dgt tdng lgi n h u ^ khoing 80 ty ding. Tuy nfailn, lgi nfauan
tten mdi chii thi cua tic nhan ndng dan vd bdn II c i h ^ kinh xudt khlu vi ndi dja diu dgt thap nhat, ndng dan dgt lgi nhuan binh quin 59 tti|u ddng/nam, bin II kfaoing 44 trieu ddng/nam.
* KETLU.^N
- Xoai edt Hoa LOc la loai ciy trdng ddi hdi ky thudt canh tac eao, chiu dnh faudng nhilu cua thai tilt.
- Xodi edt Hoa Lpc la logi trai ciy dgc cd gid tti kinh te cao. Tuy nhien, thj tmcmg tiiu thy cdn han chl, chft ylu tieu thy trong nude, thj tmdng xuit khlu hiu nhu khdng dang ki vi cfau yiu xuit sang tfaj trudng Trung Qudc.
- Sy nit ngdn kinh thi tmdng mang lai hieu qud cao hem cho sy vdn hanh kenli thi tmdi^ (tiit kiem chi phi, gia ting lgi nhuan). Tac nhin dugc faudng lgi khi nit ngin kinh thi tmdng la tdc nhdn liln kl tmdc vi liin kl sau (lgi it Hen kit dgc).
Tgp chi Khoa hge Tmdng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn D. Khoa hpc Chinh tri, Kinh ti vd Phdp lugt: 35 (2014): 32-39 i Ndng ddn la rait xich yiu nhit vd di tdn
thucmg nhit ttong sy van hanfa he tfadng cua toin chudi. Tuy nfaien, xa viin vd ndng dan bdn xoii cho fagp tac xa cd ehi pfai tang tfalm tfaap va ban dugc gid cao nfaat, gia ting dugc Igi nfauan (Igi icfa liln kit ngang).
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Cue tfadng kl Ddng Tfaap, 2013. Niin gidm thdng kl cdc tinh Ddng Tfaip 2012. Tp. Hd Chi Minh: NXB Thong kl.
2. GTZ Eschbom, 2007. Phuang phap lugn dl thuc diy cfaudi gia trj. Cam nang ValueLinks.
3. Kaplinsky, R., and M. Morris, 2001. A Handbook for Value Cfaain Research, The
Institute of Development Studies, Universi^ | of Sussex. Brighton, United Kingdom. I 4. M4P, 2008. Marking value chains work *
better for the poor: A toolbook for pratitioners of value cfaain analysis. A publiccation financed by tfae UK department for intemational development (DFID).
5. UBND tinh Ddng Thdp, 2013. Bdo cdo hOi ngfai liln kit sdn xuat v i tiiu tfau ndng sin, tfauy sdn.
6. Vd Tfai Tfaanh Lpc v i Nguyin Phft Son, ^ 2013. Gido trinfa phin ticfa cfaudi gia ttj sdn phim (ftng dyng ttong ITnh vyc ndng nghiip). Nfad xuit bin Dai fagc Cin Tfaa.
