Tgp chi Kboa bgc Tnr&ng Dgi bgc Cdn Tha Pbdn B Nong nghi?p. Thm^ san va Cong nghe Sinb hgc: 26 (2013): 50-54
Tap chl Khoa hpc Tri/cJng Oai hoc Can Thd website: sj.ctu.edu.vn
N G H I E N ClTU H I N H THAI 0 A TAI CUA HO CA C H E P (CYPRINIDAE) PHAN B O 6 AN GIANG VA CAN T H O
Ha Phudc Hiing' va Ho Kim Lgi
' Bg mdn Qudn ly vd Kinh le nghi cd, Khoa Thuy sdn, Trirdng Dai hgc Cdn Tlio Thong tin chung:
Ngaynhdn: 21/11/2012 Ngdy chdp nhdn • 20/06/2013 Title:
Study on morphological otolith of Cyprinidae distributed in Can Tho and An Giang provinces Tif khda:
Hg Cd chip, hinh thai dd tai, cdu friic da tai
Keywords:
Cyprinidae. morpholog}> otolith.
structural otolith
ABSTRACT
The research on morphological otolith of Cyprinidae M'as carried out from August. 2011 lo July, 2012 in An Giang and Can Tho province The result of this study identified 26 fish species belong to 20 genus of Cyprinidae. Descriptive otolith structure of 26 species belong to Cyprinidae distributed showed that otolith of 26 species has Ellipse-shaped, triangular-shaped or egg-shaped. Has differentiation on the shape (the most differentiation is among sulcus) and the size among species. From, the result of this study can support to identify fish species composition which is based on the otolith morphology
TOM TAT
Nghiin ciru hinh thai dd tai cua hg Cd chep (Cyprinidae) dd dugc thifc hiin tir thdng 8/2011 din 7/2012 a tinh An Giang vd Cdn Tha.
Kit qud Id dd xdc dinh dugc 26 lodi cd cua 20 gidng thugc hg Cd chep. Qua xem xet dgc diem cdu ti-uc dd lai cua 26 lodi cd thugc hg Cd chip cho thdy cd the xip thdnh 3 dgng tdng qudt la dgng hinh Elip; dgng liinti tam gidc vd dang hinh qua trimg Cd su khdc bi^t Mid ro rdng vi hinh dgng (nhdt Id rdnh trung tdm) vd kich thudc dd tai giita cdc lodi Tit ddy cho thdy cd thi dua vdo cdc dgc diim rieng biit ciia timg logi dd tai di hd trg cho dinh danh logi
1 GIOI THIEU
Da so cac loai ca thupc hg Ca chep la nhung loai dac hiiu d dong bing sdng Ciiu Long (DBSCL) va cd gia tri kinh t l cao, dong gop nhieu cho viec cung cip ngudn thyc phim cho vimg. tuy nhien hien nay chiing dang bi khai thac qua miic. mdt so loai gin nhu biln mat va mdt so loai co nguy ca tuyet chung. Vi va>' can phai cd cong tac quan Iy va bao ve tdt ngudn ca ty nhien nay. Qk lam dugc dilu nay thi can co hieu bilt co ban v l thanli phin loai.
phan bo. dac diem sinh thai, dac diim sinh
trudng, vdng ddi phat trien hay miia vu sinh san ciia cac loai thuy san trong ty nhien. Tren thi gidi, ciing nhu d Viet Nam, da cd nhilu nghien cuu ve dac diem hinh thai ngoai va ndi quan cua cac loai ca thudc hg Ca chep. Tuy nhien, do bdi da so cac loai thudc hg nay co hinh thai ben ngoai gan gidng nhau, do vay doi luc nlu chi dua vao hinh thai ngoai ciia ca dk dinh loai cdn gap nhilu khd khan (Campana and Stevenson, 1985).
Da tai (otolith) la ca quan tilp nhan am thanh va can bang cua ca, dac biet la ciu tnic
Tr^ chi Khoa hgc Tnr&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn B: Nong nghiip. Thuy san \-d Cdng nghi Sinh hoc 26(2ril3i . Ciia da tai thi khac biet gida cac loai ca khac
nhau (Furlani va ctv, 2007), do \ ay nd cd thi la CO sd hd trg tdt cho cdng viec djnh loai ca (Harkonen,1986). Tren thi gidi, viec iing dung da tai da dugc ap dung nhieu, tuy nhien d Viet Nam, vi?c iing dung nay. nhit la xac dinh thanh phan loai dya tren cau tnic hinh thai ciia da tai chua dugc nghien ciiu nhieu, dac biet la ddi vdi hg Ca chep. Vi vay, muc dfch cua
"Nghien ciiu hinh thai da tai cua hg Ca chep (Cyprinidae) phan bo d An Giang va Can Tho"
da dugc thyc hien nham hd trg cho viec dinh loai ca ket hgp vdi phuong phap truyen thdng va hien dai la hinh thai ca va di truyen phan tu, Tir dd giup bao ve va phat trien ngudn lgi ben vimg d DBSCL.
2 PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU Nghien ciiu dugc thyc hien tir thang 08/2011 - 07/2012. Miu Ca chep dugc thu dinh ky 2 lan/thang, vdi so lugng 30 ca
thi/loai/dgt. tu cac ngu dan \ a d cac chg dia phuang dgc theo tuyen sdng Hau thudc 2 tinh An Giang va Can Tho. Mau sau khi thu dugc phan nhdm, dinh loai so bd, bao quan lanh \ a mang ve phan tfch tai phdng thi nghiem Khoa Thiiy san. Trudng Dai hgc Can Tho,
Dau tien viec dinh danh cac loai ca thudc hg Ca chep theo dac diem hinh thai ngoai dugc dya tren cac tai lieu cua Mai Dinh Yen, 1992;
Truong Thii Khoa va Tran Thj Thu Huong, 1993: Rainboth, 1996; va HW'w,ilshbase.org.
Tiep den viec lay da tai tir ca dugc thuc hien theo hudng dan ciia Stevenson & Campana,
1992.
Da tai dugc can trgng lugng bang can dien tu (0.0001 gam) va do chieu dai. chieu rgng bang kfnh hien vi co uac vi vdi do phdng dai 4X - lOX. Ddng thdi dugc md ta cac dac diem ve hinh thai da tai thdng qua anh chup bang ki'nh lup dien tur vdi do phdng dai 2.5X - 3.5X.
Mep lung Viing lorn m a lun:
Doi chuy
Hinfa 1: Cac cfai tieu fainfa th^i da tai dirge quan sat (Neogene, 2008)
Chiiy . Mieng ranh trung tam
Vimg 16m mat bung
Gd ranh trgn
Phin duoi
Ranh trung tam
3 KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 DSc diim nhan dang den giong dua tren
da tai cua cac loai thuoc hp Ca chep Nhin chung ciu true da tai ciia cac loai thugc hg Ca chep (Cyprinidae) cd the xep thanh ba dang: i) hinh enlip: ii) hinh tam giac:
\ a iii) hinh trimg. Trong dd, cac phan ciia da tai cd khac biet kha rd, la: chu\ (Rostrum), ddi chuy (Antirostrum) va ranh Uung tam (Sulcus).
Trong nghien cuu nay chiing tdi de xuat cac ca sd de nhan biet cau triic hinh thai da tai cho cac gidng thudc hg Ca chep nhu sau:
Tgp chi Kboa hgc Tnr&ng Dgt hoc Can Tha Phdn B Ndng nghiep. Thuy san vd Cong nghi Sinh hgc 26 (2013). 50-54 la. Da tai dang hinh enlip.
2a. Cd ddi chuy khong nhd cao
3a. Chu> dang biu. Mep lung ldm Paralaubuca 3b. Chuy dang biu. Mep lung khdng ldm Esomus 3c. Chuy dang biu. Phin duoi nhd cao Rasbora 2b. Cd doi chiiy nhd cao
3a. Ria da tai tran lang Epaheorhynchos 3b. Ria da tai gd ghi, cd phan thuy
4a. Phin dudi biu tron Leptobarbus 4b. Phin dudi nhpn Puntioplites lb. Da tai dang hinh tam giac.
2a. Chiiy dang biu
3a. Chiiy dang biu hinh m6c ngugc xuong 4a. Vien da tai tran lang
5a. Doi chiiy nho cao. Mep lung 16m sau Barbonymus 5b. Doi chiiN nhd cao. Mep lung khdng ldm Osteochilus 4b. Viin da tai cd phan thiiy
5a. Phan 3 - 4 thiiy tir chuy din d6i chiiy Hampala 5b. Phan 3 - 4 thiiy d mep bung Catlocarpio 3b. Chiiy dang biu fron
4a. Vien da tai tron lang Cirrhinus 4b. Vien da tai gd ghe Morulius 3c. Chiiy dang biu trdn thudng dai Thynnichthys 3d. Chii}' dang bau tron cd phan thiiy Hypophthalmichthys
2b. Chu\ dang nhpn 3a. Ddi chiiy nho cao
4a Vien da tai tran lang. Mep bung cat ngang thanh mat phing Puntivs 4b. Vien da tai tron lang. Phan dudi va mep bung tryc giao Labiobarbus 4c. Vien da tai gd ghe. Dudi phan thuy. Mep bung gin dudi nhd ra Cyprinus
3b. Ddi chiiy khdng nho cao Henicorhynchus Ic. Da tai dang hinh qua triing Cyclocheilichthys
T^ chi Khoa hoc Tnr&ng Dgi hpc Cdn Tha Phdn B: 1 3.2 Dac diem hinh thai da tai cd dang hinh
enlip
Cau tnic ranh tnmg tam cua da tai dang hinh enlip cd the phan thanh 6 dang sau (Hinh 2): i) Ranh trung tam la vimg ldm va md ra d dau chuy (dai dien la Ca mit Epalzeorfiynchos coatesi, xem H,2a); ii) Ranh trtmg tam nam theo true ngang keo dai tir mep bung qua mep lung (Ca thieu nam - Paralaubuca riveroi, H,2b); iii) Ranh trung tam la mpt viing ldm d phan dau da tai (Ca Idng tong - Esomus longimanus, H.2c): iv) Ranh trung tam cd hinh mdc keo dai tir dau chuy xudng gan phan dudi (Ca Idng tong lung thap - Rasbora retrodorsalis, H, 2d): v) Ranh trung tam cd hinh chd thap d giira trung tara da tai (Ca chai - Leptobarbus hoevenii, H.2e): vi) Ranh tnmg tam hep, keo dai tu chiiy xudng tan dudi (Ca danh - Puntioplites proctozj stron.
H.2f).
3.i Dac diem hinh thai da tai cd dang hinh dang hinh trirng
Ddi vdi da tai dang hinh tning thi dac diem phan biet kha rd rang: i) Ria da tai nhd. min.
diu. Phin -ria dudi phat trien theo hudng tu mep bung len mep lung tren cimg I gdc (dai dien la Ca cdc - Cyclocheilichthys enoplus.
H.3a); ii) Ria da tai nhd, khdng min, khdng deu. Phin ria dudi phat trien tu 2 ben vao giua tren 2 gdc (Ca ba ky tring - Cyclocheilichthys repasson, H.3b)
3.4 Dac diim hinh thai da tai cd dang hinh dang hinh tam giac
Ddi vdi da tai dang hmh tam giac thi diem khac biet dugc nhan biet dau tien la chuy: cd 2 dang chuy la chuy dang biu va chu\- dang nhgn.
Ddi vdi nhdm chu\ dang nhgn thi dac diem phan biet tilp theo la cau tnic ranh trung tam:
cd thi phan thanh 5 dang ranh tnmg tam nhu sau: i) Ranh trung tam la dudng ldm thang dung keo dai tir mep bung sang mep lung (dai dien la C i rim - Punlius leiacanthus. H,4a); ii) Ranh mmg tam la dudng ldm xeo tu mep lung xudns va kit thuc d phin dudi (Ca dd mang - Punlius orphoides. H.4b); iii) Ranh uung tam
ing nghiep. Tlim san vd Cdng nghe Sinh hoc: 26 (20l3i. ^f'-^J hinh chd Y nam Uen true ngang chieu dai da tai (Ca linh tia - Labiobarbus lineatus, H.4c):
hv Ranh trung tam nam tren true thang diing theo chieu cao da tai d giiia trung tam va rieng ddi vdi dang nay thi ddi chuy khdng nho cao.
(Ca linh dng Henicorhynchus siamensis.
H.4d): v^ Ranh trung tam hinh chu L nam dgc theo chieu cao da tai (Ca chep - Cyprinus carpio, H.4e).
Ddi vdi nhdm chuy dang bau thi dya vao hinh dang cua chu\ thi phan thanh 4 nhdm: i) Chu\ dang bau hinh mdc ngugc xudng; ii) Chiiy dang bau trdn; iii) Chuy dang bau thudng dai; ranh trung tam hinh chii Y nam dgc theo chieu cao da tai (chi cd mdt loai la Ca Iinh cam - Thynnichthys thynnoides, H,5a); iv) Chiiy dang bau udn cd phan thii\: ranh trung tam hinh chir T ngugc nam dgc theo chieu cao da tai (dai dien la Ca me trang - Htpophthalmichthys molitrix, H.5b),
Chiiy dgng bau hinh mdc nguffc xuong Ddi vdi nhdm chu\ dang bau hinh mdc ngugc xudng thi cac loai thugc nhdm nay cd cau tnic ranh trung tam ciia mdt sd loai tuang ddi gidng nhau. do do chiing ldi su dung ket hgp vdi cac dac diem khac cua da tai de phan biet gitra cac loai cd ranh tnmg tam gan gidng nhau nhu: mep lung va ria da tai. Cd 3 dang nhu sau:
Dang I: Ria da tai uon lang. mep lung ldm sau (cd 3 loai dai dien vdi 3 dang ranh trung tam nhu sau: a) Ranh trung tam hinh chd Y nim tren true ngang chieu dai da tai (Ca me vinh - Barbonymus gonionotus, H.6a),- b) Ranh tnmg tam la vung ldm nhd phia dudi chii).
tren mep bung (Ca he dd Barbonymus schwanenfeldii): c) Ranh trung tam hinh vdng cung lu chuy vdng xudng mep bung (Ca he vang - Barbonymus alius, H.6b);
Dang 2: Ria da tai uon lang. mep lung khdng ldm (cd 3 loai dai dien vdi 3 dang ranh trung tam nhu sau: a) Ranh trung tam hinh chd Y nam dgc theo chieu cao da tai. mep lung ldm sau (Ca me huong - Osteochilus schlegelii. H.6d): b) Ranh trung tam hinh chu I nam dgc theo chieu cao da tai (Ca me hdi -
Tap chi Khoa hgc Tnr&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn B- Ndng ngliiep. Tliuy san vd Cdng nghi Sinb hgc: 26 (2013): 50-54 Osteochilus melanopleura. H.6c): c) Ranh
trung tam hinh cai mdc d gan cudi mep Itmg (Ca me lui - Osteochilus hasseltii, H.6e).
Dang 3: Ria da tai cd phan thiiy (cd 2 loai dai dien vdi 2 dang ranh trung tam nhu sau: a) Ranh trung tam hinh chu Y nam dgc theo chieu cao da tai, ria da tai phan 3 - 4 thuy tir chiiy den doi chuy (Ca ngya cham - Hampala dispar, H.6g); b) Ranh trung tam la dudng ldm nam dgc theo chieu cao da tai, phan 3 - 4 thuy d mep bung (Ca hd - Catlocarpio siamensis, H.6f).
Chuy dgng bau iron
Co 3 dang ranh trung tam dai dien cho 3 loai ca d nhdm dang chiiy bau udn nay la: i) Ranh trung tam hinh cai binh, d giiia cd u Idi (Ca linh dng dudi dd Cirrhinus julUeni, H.7c); ii) Ranh trung tam hinh chii T ngugc nam dgc theo chieu cao da tai (Ca du6ng - Cirrhinus microlepis, H,7b); iii) Ranh trung tam nam fren true thang dimg theo chieu cao da tai (Ca et mgi - Morulius chrysophekadion, H.7a).
4 KfiTLUAN
Xac djnh dugc 3 hinh dang da tai dac tnmg cua 26 loai thugc hg Ca chep (Cyprinidae) la hinh Elip; hinh tam giac va hinh qua tning nhung cau tnic ranh trung tam d m6i loai khac nhau la khac nhau.
Mo ta dugc hinh thai da tai dac trung ciia cac giong, loai ciia hg Ca chep (Cyprinidae).
TAI Ll£U THAM KHAO
1. BeaUiz Morales-Nin, 1987. Detemiination of growth in bony fishes fiom otolith microstmcnire. FAO fisheries technical.
322pp.
2. Beverton M.A and Holt S.J, 1957. On the dynamics of exploited fish populations Fish Investigation. London series 2. 19: 1 - 533.
3. Campana E. Steven, and J.M. Casselman.
1985. Stock discrimination using otolith shape anaK sis. Canadian Joumal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50:1062-1083.
4. Dianne Furlani, Rosemary Gales and Pemberton David, 2007. Otoliths of Common Australian Temperate Fish: A Photographic Guide, 216pp.
5. Gaemers, P.A.M. 1984, Taxonomic position of the Cichlidae (Pisces, Perciformes) as demonstrated by the morphology of their otoliths. Netheriands Joumal of Zoology 34(4):566-595.
6. Kathryn J. Frost, 1981. Descriptive Key to the Otoliths of Gadid Fishes ofthe Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas. Vol 34. NO. I, P. 55 - 59.
7. Mai Dinh Yen, Nguydn Van Trpng, Nguyen Van Thien. Le Hoang Yen va Hiia Bach Loan, 1992. Dinh loai cac loai ca nudc ngpt Nam Bp.
Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc va Ky thuat. 347 trang.
8. Neogene Marine, 2008. Elasmobranchii teeth and Teleoslei otoliths.
http://eusmilia.geology.uiowa.edu/database/tel eosl/charactotoritjpg, 06/09/2008 9. Rainboth Walter J.. 1996. Fishes ofthe
Cambodia Mekong. 265pp.
10. Harkonen.T.. 1986. Guide to the otolitfis of the bony fishes ofthe Northeast Atlantic Danbiu APS biological consultants. 255pp.
11. Tnrong Thii Khoa, Trin Thi Thu Huang, 1993. Djnh loai ca nudc ngpt vimg dflng bing song Ciiu Long. Tu sach Trudng Dai hpc Cin Tho. 361 trang.
