Phat trien djch vu mobile money:
CO hoi va thach thOc tai Viet Nam
LE THANH TAM
NGUYEN THI THU TRANG
r
rong nghidn cdu nay, cac tic gia da chi ra nhieu tac dgng tich ciic cua dich vu tid'n di dgng (mobile money), mgt sd'ke't qua phat trien dich vu tien di dgng 6 Viet Nam tuy con rit nhd le, cac cd hoi va thach thiic ldn trong phat trien dich vu tidn di dgng va cac giai phap phat triin dich vu tien di ddng.Tfl khoa: dinh chd'tai chinh, mobile money, nhi mang, tai khoan vidn thdng, thanh toan.
1. Tong q u a n ve d i c h v u m o b i l e m o n e y 1.1. Lich sic hinh thanh dich vu mobile money
Sfl hinh t h a n h ciia dich vu mobile (MM) xuat phat d i l m tfl sfl p h a t t r i e n cdng nghd thong qua i n t e r n e t va thfldng mai dien txi.
Cflng vdi sfl p h a t trien cua cac chfldng t r i n h p h i n mem mdi va so' Ifldng m a n g qud'c t e k^t nd'i ngay cang tang, cong c h u n g ngay cang dfldc tid'p can rpng r a i vdi i n t e r n e t (Cohen-Almagor, 2011; Edosomwan, Prakasan, Kouame, Watson va Seymour, 2011; Dewing, 2012) va cac thig't bi di dpng, thfldng mai dign i\i ngay cang dfldc p h a t t r i e n rpng r a i thdng qua cac flng d u n g thfldng m a i di ddng (M - Commerce), cho phep p h a t trien cac hoat ddng kinh doanh m u a s i m thong qua cac san giao dich ao vdi cac k e t nd'i di dong (dien thoai, may t i n h b a n g va cac thie't hi di ddng khac (Muga, 2015). Mdt trong nhflng ket qua dot pha cua M-Commerce la sfl r a ddi cua MM. Dich vu MM cung cd t h i dfldc coi la mot md h i n h kinh doanh di ddng va cflng la mot t h a n h p h a n bo s u n g cua M- Commerce. Giong nhfl thfldng m a i di dpng phat trien tfl thfldng mai dign txi, dich vu MM eung phat t r i l n tfl tig'n dign t\i. Tig'n dien tut dung de chi tig'n ao dfldc lflu trfl trgn cac mang v i l n thong nhfl i n t e r n e t di hd trd t h a n h toan thong qua cac diem b a n hang hoac chuyen gifla cac m a n g . Khi moi ngfldi b^t d^u s6 dung cac t h i e t bi di dpng nhig'u hdn, dich vu g i n lig'n vdi viec sxi d u n g
thie't bi di ddng trong thflc hign cac dich vu giao dich tien te. Cac h i n h thflc b a n d l u cua dich vu MM la t h a n h toan tfl xa cho cae dich vu nhfl m u a nhac chudng va truy cap thdng tin thdi tid't. Cac dich vu mang da co thg t h u t h a p tfl cac thud bao bang each kha'u trfl tfl k h a c h h a n g cac gia tri thdi gian p h a t sdng (Alampay va Bala, 2010). D l dieh vu MM dfldc pho bie'n rpng rai, cac ca n h a n la k h a c h h a n g tid'm n a n g e i n ed scl ha t i n g cd b a n ho trd dich vu MM la mpt thigt bi di dpng.
1.2. Khai niem va noi ham dich vu mobile money
Theo Higp hdi di dong toan c l u (Global System Mobile Associations - GSMA), dieh vu MM dfldc dinh nghia la cac dich vu ke't nd'i khach h a n g ve m a t tai chinh thong qua mang di dpng. Dich vu MM bao gom cac dich vu chi t r a di ddng (giao dich le va t h a n h toan hda ddn), chuyen tien qua mang di dong, chuyin tien gifla cac thug bao, nhflng giao dich tin dung nhd, quan ly tai khoan qua may di ddng... va nhflng dich vu tfldng tfl.
Theo Donovan (2012), dich vu MM la dich vu cung ca'p tai ehinh thdng qua cac thid't bi di ddng. Theo Lai va Sachdev (2015), cac dieh vu chinh cua cac n h a cung ca'p dich vu MM ci cac nfldc d a n g p h a t t r i l n la c h u y e n tien.
Ld Thanh Tam, PGS. TS„ Tru&ng dai hoc Kinh ttf qutfc dan; Nguyin Tlii TTiu Trang, ThS., Trucmg dai hpc Hai Phtfng.
Nghi4n ctiu Kmh l4s611(498) - Thing 11/2019 2 5
Phat trien djch vu mobile ...
thanh toan hda ddn, dich vu ngan h a n g va mua thdi gian p h a t sdng. Viet N a m chfla cd dinh nghia trong cae van b a n p h a p luat, nhifng dich vu MM dfldc hieu la vi dien tv(\
nhflng khdng co lien ke't vdi tai khoan ngan hang (Trpng Dat, 2019).
Dich vu MM thfldng t a p t r u n g vao ba nhdm nhfl sau: t h a n h toan di ddng, tai chfnh di ddng va ngan h a n g di dpng.
BANG 1: D i c h v u M o b i l e m o n e y 1 ^ chinh di dflng
Tin
dung Bao hi^m Tiet kidm
N g ^ h ^ g di ddng Giao dich Thtfng tin Thanh toan di dtfng
P2P (C^
nhan ca nhan)
C2B (Khach hiing v6i
doanh nghidp
B2B (Doanh nghidp v6i doanh
nghidp)
B/G2C (Thanh toiin titfn lirong cua doanh nghidp, chinh phii cho nhan vien, hoac c^c khoan trg ca'p) A^yd/7:Gencer (20U), Wanyonyi va Bwisa (2013),
Shaikh va Karjaluoto (2015).
T r o n g dd:
- Chuyen tien di ddng: la dich vu trao doi tien mat thflc te' t h a n h tien ao cd the dfldc chuyen qua nha cung ca'p dich vu tfl ngfldi nay sang ngfldi khac b i n g didn thoai di ddng.
- Ngan hang di ddng: la san pham hoac dieh vu dfldc cung ca'p b6i ngan hang hoac to chflc tai chinh vi md de thflc hien cae giao dich tai ehinh va phi tai ehinh b i n g thie't hi di dpng nhfl dien thoai di dpng, dien thoai thong minh hoac may ti'nh bang.
- Thanh toan di dpng: mot loai dich vu MM khac, theo dd t h a n h toan cho eae san ph^m va dich vu dfldc thflc hidn thong qua viec sii dung tai khoan MM. Dich vu cho phep khach hang cd t h i chuyin tien tdi doanh nghiep nhfl: t h a n h toan dien, nflde, hda ddn mua san ph^m, t r a Ifldng... hoac chuyin tien tfl mpt doanh nghiep nay sang mpt doanh nghiep khac.
Trong he t h a n h toan dien txt, dich vu MM c6 the dfldc sii dung cho mpi loai khach hang, vdi ta't ca cac muc dich sii dung dich vu va
boat ddng da dsing. Khach hang sxl dung dich vu MM bao t r u m ca doanh nghiep, ca nhan, chfnh phu, to chflc, theo cae nhdm B2B, B2C, P2G, C2C, C2B. Cac mue dich t h a n h toan da dang khac nhau, tfl kinh doanh, giao due, giao thdng, cae dich vu cho ddi sd'ng, de'n eong an viee lam, lam viec vdi Chmh phu, cac to' ehflc phi ehinh phii.
1.3. Do'i tifdng khdch hdng trong tam Dich vu MM co t h e ap dung cho mpi dd'i tfldng khach h a n g khac n h a u , nhflng thfldng hfldng de'n p h a n doan trpng tam la nhflng ea nhan chfla tflng cd tai khoan ngan hang, tin dung hay bao hiem. Dich vu MM cho phep ngfldi dung giii, n h a n , chi tra va gifl tien tie't kidm hoan toan qua thig't bi di ddng. Ngfldi sii dung dich vu MM co t h i t h a n h toan tfl xa thdng qua thig't bi di dpng (tien dien, tie'n nfldc...), chuygn, n h a n tig'n (nhan, tra tid'n tai chinh vi mo, n h a n tig'n kieu hdi hoac tie'n eua nhflng ngfldi di lam xa gLti tien ve que), quan ly va lflu trfl tien.
1.4. Cdc mo hinh cung cap dich vu mobile money
Hien nay, trdn thg' gidi cd 3 md hinh cung ca'p eac dich vu MM , gom: (1) cac nha cung ea'p dieh vu v i l n thong; (2) cac dinh che tai chinh; (3) dd'i tac cung cap giai phap phoi hpp c h a t ehe vdi n h a mang vdi mpt hoac mdt so' dinh che tai chinh va n h a cung ca'p dich vu vign thdng. Trong 3 md hinh trgn t h i mo h i n h thfl 3 dang d i n trd ngn quan t r p n g va chig'm uu the' (Lai va Sachdev, 2015; GSMA, 2016; GSMA, 2018).
Trung Qud'c la mpt trong nhflng quo'e gia phat trign m a n h t h a n h toan dign t ^ t r o n e nhflng n a m g i n day. Hien
qudc gia nay cd tdi 84% giao dich la qua thanh toan dign t i . Tap doan Alibaba kie'm dugc hang chuc 1. Nghi dinh 80/2016/ND-CP ciia T^u IUOHR Ch' K phii quy dinh, vi didn tu la dich vu cung cj lai khoan didn tir dinh danh do cac t6 chirc cune ' ""^^
vu tmng gian thanh to^n tao lap trdn vat mang ti^r ''^'^
chip ditfn tCr, sim ditfn thoai di dflng, mSy ti'nh )
26 Nghi^ aiu Kinh tdsiSl1(498)-Th4i^j
Phdt trien djcli vu mobile
ty USD moi nam nhd hinh thflc t h a n h toan nay (Mmh Sdn, 2019).
2. C a c Ifli i c h v a r u i r o c u a d i c h v u m o b i l e m o n e y
2.1. Cdc lai ich
Theo Tobin (2011), Winn va Koker (2013), Gutierrez va Tony (2014), GSMA (2018), dich vu MM ngay eang k h l n g dinh dfldc nhflng ldi ich thie't thflc, cu the nhfl sau:
- Ddi vdi ngddi dan: dich vu MM mang lai ldi ich thig't tbfle nha't dd'i vdi ngfldi dan, dac biet la nhflng ai ehfla sxi dung dich vu ngan hang hoac sxi dung dfldi dang tie'm nang (unbanked va underbanked); giup qua trinh thanh toan, ehuygn tien ddn gian, t h u a n tidn hdn; viec sii dung dich vu MM an toan hdn so vdi SL[ dung tien mat hay tai khoan ngan hang; dich vu MM lam t a n g k h a nang tie'p can cac dieh vu tai ehinh dd'n mpi tang Idp dan cfl.
- Bdi vdi cac doanh nghiep nhd va viia:
dich vu MM dong vai tro q u a n trong trong viec thuc d^y tang trflcing cac doanh nghigp vfla va nho. Dich vu MM giup cac doanh nghigp nay cd thg da dang hoa cac phfldng thflc thanh toan, nam b i t dfldc thdi quen tieu dung ciia ngfldi mua, dd dang tie'p thi san pham de'n dung vdi ngflcii cd n h u c l u , giup tang doanh so ban hang.
- Ddi vdi eac ddn vi cung dp dich vu mobile money
Vdi cac dinh chg' tai chinh: MM cho phep cac dinh chd'tai chinh giam chi phi giao dich, giam Ifldng tie'n mat trong lflu thdng.
Vdi eac cdng ty v i i n thdng: cac cdng ty viec thong cung ca'p ha t i n g cho viee thflc hien dich vu MM, dich vu MM dfldc coi la mot chie'n Ifldc canh t r a n h n h i m t a n g doanh t h u cho cae nha mang dfla vao long t r u n g t h a n h cua khach hang.
Vdi cac ddn vi do'i tac cung ca'p dich vu: cac ddn vi nay cd sfl lign ke't chat che vdi cac dinh chg' tai chinh va cac cong ty v i l n thdng n h i m cung ca'p cac giai phap tot nha't tdi ngfldi sxi dung. Khi so' ngfldi sii dung dich vu MM
khdng ngflng t a n g len dong nghia vdi viec doanh thu cua cac ddn vi doi tac cung ngay cang dfldc cai thien.
- Dd'i vdi sii phat triin cua ndn kinh ti:
trong cupc each mang khoa hpc cdng nghd 4.0, dich vu MM la n h a n to' quan trpng thuc day t a n g trflSng kinh td' thdng qua viec tang to'c dp chuyen tie'n va giai quyg't nhanh chdng cac giao dich va dae biet vide giao dich qua dich vu MM cd t h i lam giam khd'i Ifldng tig'n mat trong nen kinh td'. dich vu MM con la cong cu hflu hieu trong viec chuyen dd'i so' trong ne'n kinh te' so': ve cd ban, chuyin dd'i so' se dan de'n thay ddi md hinh kinh doanh.
Dieh vu MM giflp Chinh phu giam bdt chi phi in tid'n, van chuyen tid'n, kiem soat td't hdn cac ddng tie'n trong nd'n kinh te'.
- Ddi vdi sii phat trien xa hdi: dieh vu MM e6 vai tro quan trpng trong thuc day tai chinh toan dien, gop phan xda ddi giam ngheo be'n vflng. Nhid'u nghien cflu chi ra r i n g , dich vu MM cd vai tro quan trpng trong viec thuc d^y tai ehinh toan dign. He thd'ng dich vu MM cd t h i dflde cung ca'p 6 ba't cfl ndi nao cd dich vu dien thoai khdng day, nhd do giup vfldt qua khoang each, cung nhfl viee thie'u van phdng chi n h a n h ci khu vflc ndng thdn. Vi vay, cd ldi ich dac biet vdi ngfldi ngheo, khdng cd tai khoan ngan hang, khi dfldc tie'p can vdi eae dieh vu tai ehinh, hp quan ly dong ti^n cua minh td't hdn, ke'hoaeh chi tieu va tig't kiem cflng dfldc xii ly hieu qua hdn. Hp ed t h i tie't kiem nhflng khoan tig'n ra't nhd ma khdng c l n thong qua ba't ky thii tuc nao tfl ngan hang. Dich vu MM giflp Chinh phii phong chd'ng t h a m nhung, tieu cflc, tpi pham kinh te'. Nhd viec kigm soat tot hdn ddng tien trong nd'n kinh te', dich vu MM CO vai tro dac biet quan trpng trong viec phdng chd'ng t h a m nhung, tidu cflc, phdng chd'ng riia tie'n, gdp p h i n o'n dinh kinh te' - xa hpi.
2.2. Cdc rui ro tiem an tdC dich vu mobile money
Ben canh cac ldi ich thig't thflc m a n g lai, dich vu MM cung tie'm an nhflng r u i ro
Nghi4n cOU Kmh t^sd 11(498) - Thiing 11/2019 27
Ptiat trien djch vu mobii
nha't dinh (Ehrenfeld va Wood, 2007; Tobin, 2011; Winn va Koker, 2013; Gutierrez va Tony, 2014; GSMA, 2018)
• Rui ro ve n h a n thflc
Rui ro ve n h a n thflc dfldc hieu la n h a n thflc cua k h a c h h a n g ve ke't qua ba't ldi se p h a t sinh tfl viec sil dung dich vu MM. Rui ro ve n h a n thflc dfldc coi la rao can dd'i vdi dich vu MM, vi nd a n h hfldng tieu cflc dg'n y dinh h a n h vi c^a k h a c h hang. Cac loai rui ro lien q u a n de'n giao dich tai chinh ed t h i la rui ro ridng tfl, rui ro thdi gian va rui ro p h a p ly.
Rui ro rigng tfl lien quan de'n cac chi tid't ca n h a n khdng dii an toan. Giao dich ed t h i dflde lien ke't vdi mot so' didn thoai di dpng, vi vay, ng'u khdng cd each bao mat an toan ra't cd t h i bi cd t h i theo doi, n h a n dang sd' va dia chi ca n h a n sxi d u n g vao nhflng muc dich xa'u. Khdng gid'ng nhfl cac hinh thfle dich vu tai chinh t r u y a n thd'ng, dich vu MM thfldng khdng yeu cau tfldng tae trflc tie'p vdi cac n h a eung ca'p dich vu tai chinh, kg ca trong qua t r i n h md t a i khoan mdi.
Cac yeu cau di md t a i k h o a n MM thfldng ra't khac so vdi yeu cau mci t a i khoan ngan h a n g . Nhfl vay, vigc thie'u thdng tin k h a c h h a n g se tao r a mpt ndi t r u an an toan cho nhflng ke riia t i l n hoac tai ehinh k h u n g bd' nhfl sii dung bf d a n h , tdn hoac thdng tin cua ngflcii khac, t h a m chi ngay ca tfl ngfldi da chg't. Cac giao dich ra't nho cung cd t h e dfldc thflc hign t h d n g q u a cac dieh vu MM.
D i l u nay ra't nguy h i l m k h i bi ldi dung chia nho cac giao dich n h i m tron t r a n h sfl giam s a t cua cae n h a q u a n ly va cac n h a thflc thi p h a p luat. Dieh vu MM cd t h i bi ldi dung vao boat dpng tieh hdp quy ba't hdp p h a p , tpi p h a m da riia tie'n cd the trdn tien mpt each sach vao cac t a i k h o a n khac n h a u iam cho nd ra't khd n h a n r a dfldc.
Rui ro thdi gian: lien q u a n dd'n sfl n h a n h chdng cua cac giao dich, vi ifldng thdi gian can thig't de thflc hign mdt giao dich ed t h i cd rui ro. Trong trfldng hdp khdng cd k i l m soat .ndi bo dfldc lap t r i n h ,
sfl n h a n h chong co t h i cung ca'p phfldng tien hieu q u a cho tdi p h ^ m d l ldi dung va rfla tien.
- Rui ro p h a p ly: do sfl n h a n h chdng m a dieh vu MM m a n g lai ngn ne'u thieu sfl giam sat t r o n g k h o n g gian MM se lam gia t a n g cac rui ro p h a p ly. Sfl giam s a t cua ed quan q u a n ly n h a nfldc chfla c h a t che b i n g eac linh vflc tai c h i n h truyg'n thd'ng, n e n khi ed bid'n cd' ba't ldi xay ra, h a u q u a tac ddng se ra't n g h i e m t r p n g .
• Rui ro he thd'ng
Dich vu MM la s a n p h ^ m cua cdng nghd.
Cac san p h a m n a y thfldng dfla vao mot hoac mdt vai n h a cung ca'p cdng nghe, do vay khi cd sfl cd' cd t h i d i n dg'n r u i ro he thd'ng. Ngoai ra, rui ro he thd'ng cung cd thg de'n tfl vigc s u p dd d a n h tig'ng ciia mpt vai cdng ty cung ea'p dich vu ddn le nhflng lam niem tin cua eac k h a c h h a n g t r e n thi trfldng bi lung lay.
3. D i c h v u m o b i l e m o n e y t a i V i e t N a m : thflc t r a n g , cd h o i v a t h a c h thflc '
3.1. Thuc trang phdt trien dich vu mobile money tqi Viet Nam Tai Vigt Nam, theo Vietnam Digital Landscape (2018), trong td'ng sd' 96 tridu dan, cd tdi 67% dang dung I n t e r n e t , 57%
dang sfl dung mang xa hoi mot each thfldng xuygn, 73% sii dung dien thoai thong minh trong sd' 146,5 trieu t h u e bao toan qudc. Mflc do sii dung i n t e r n e t va mang xa hdi t a n g tru6ng a'n tfldng (28% vdi
^ " ' T m v T ^?\:''\^^-^ - a hpi so vdi nam 2017), dp phu cua vidn thong len tdi gan 100% d a n so. Viet Nam van c giai doan d a n so' vang. ; trong
vdi do tudi trimcr binh la 31 va 69,3% dang d tudi 15-60 m ?
so, 2018). ^ ^ ^ "
Hien nay, t h a n h toan khdng dun.
•g tie'n m a t va sil d u n g cac dich vu fintech V
iieo dg an t h a n h t o a n khong d u n g tig'n m a t thg' chung t r g n t o a n the' gidi. TheotJg 5 "
t h a n h t o a n khong d u n g tig'n m a t tai ° Nam giai doan 2016 -2020 tai Quy^t .. t%i Vigt
28 Nghiin cOU Kmh l^s(Sl1(498)-fh^i^
'/^Ois
Phat trien djch vu mobiie ,
so 2545/QD-TTg ngay 30-12-2016 cua tfldng Chinh phu, Viet Nam cung d a t muc tieu dg'n nam 2020, ti^n m a t chi chie'm 10% tdng phfldng tien t h a n h toan (Chmh phii, 2016b).
Tuy nhidn, theo chi sd'fmdex cua Ngan h a n g The' gidi, Vidt N a m cd Ifldng giao dich phi tie'n mat tha'p nha't trong k h u vflc va chi d a t 4,9%, trong k h i ty le nay 6 T r u n g Qud'c la 26,1%, Thai Lan la 59,7% va Malaixia la 89%. Thanh toan phi tien m a t chu yg'u giao dich thdng qua cac tai khoan ngan h a n g . Hien nay, so' dan cd tai khoan n g a n hang ra't tha'p, chie'm khoang 40% d a n so', con so' nay cdn dac biet tha'p hdn 6 cac vung ndng thdn (Demirgii? va cdng sfl, 2018). S a u gan 6 n a m thflc thi Nghi dinh 101/2012/ND-CP cua Chinh phii ve t h a n h toan khdng dung tie'n mat, ty trpng t h a n h toan khong dung tien mat tai Viet Nam mdi giam dfldc tfl 12,01%
xuo'ng trgn 11% vao cud'i n a m 2018 (Chinh phu, 2012; Hoai Dfldng, 2019).
Mat khac, cac n g a n hang, t r u n g gian thanh toan cung ca'p vi dien tii hien nay dang tap t r u n g d k h u vflc t h a n h t h i , sii dung smartphone vdi ke't noi i n t e r n e t . Dp phu cua tai khoan n g a n h a n g hien chi chig'm khoang 30-40% d a n sd'va khdng p h a i ai c6 tai khoan ngan h a n g cung cd t h e thanh toan trflc tuyg'n. Udc t m h k h o a n g 70- 80% dan so chfla dfldc tiep can vdi t h a n h toan didn tii qua thie't bi di ddng (Bach Dong, 2019). Tham chi, ci mot so' ndi khd khan, ngfldi dan chfla hi ed k h a i nidm tiianh toan didn til.
Tfl nhflng phan tich trgn cho tha'y, Viet Nam r a t can thig't phai co thgm cac cdng cu ho trd, cac bidn phap p h u hdp d l b i t n h i p dfldc vdi xu the' chung cua t h e gidi va trfldc m i t la dat muc tigu dg'n n a m 2020, tien m a t ehi chiem 10% tdng phfldng tien t h a n h toan (Chinh phu, 2018). Vdi mflc dd p h u song vign thong len tdi g i n 100% d a n so' (Vietnam Digital Landscape, 2018), vdi dac thfl ve vi tri dia ly, ddn so, k i n h tg' c u a Viet Nam, bien p h a p hieu qua nha't va duy nha't t^i thdi diem hign tai chi cd t h i la MM.
Viet N a m da cap phdp cho 29 ddn vi khdng p h a i la n g a n h a n g tridn k h a i eung flng dieh vu t r u n g gian t h a n h toan (Ngan h a n g N h a nflde, 2019). Tuy nhidn, theo Thdng tfl 39/2014/TT-NHNN va cac thong tfl siia doi lien q u a n , t a i khoan dam bao t h a n h toan la t a i k h o a n t h a n h toan b i n g ddng Viet N a m cua to chflc cung flng dich vu t r u n g gian t h a n h toan md t a i cac ngan h a n g thfldng m a i d l dam bao cho viec cung flng cac dich vu t r u n g gian t h a n h toan (Ngan h a n g N h a nfldc, 2014). Do vay, t h a n h t o a n dien tfl p h a i lign quan tdi mot tai k h o a n n g a n h a n g (chfla cd sfl t h a m gia dpc lap cua cac t a i k h o a n v i l n thdng) nhfl sfl hdp t a c Vietcombank - MOMO, MB Viettel, P G B a n k - Petrolimex, s a n p h a m Vi Viet cua Lien Viet Post Bank. Dg'n nay, cac n h a m a n g nhfl Viettel, tap doan bflu chinh v i l n thong Viet N a m (VNPT) da s i n sang trien k h a i dich vu MM trgn dien rpng (Minh Khdi, 2019). Vi vay, dfl bao trong tfldng lai khdng xa se c6 sfl bung no cac dich vu MM t a i Viet N a m .
3.2. Ca hot vd thach thiic cho phdt trien dich vu mobile money tqi Viet Nam
3.2.1. Cdhgi
• Cd sd chi dao, dinh hddng rd rang td Chinh phu
Thfle te da chflng minh, cac dich vu MM da p h a t h u y nhie'u tac dung 6 nhie'u quo'c gia, nha't la cac nfldc dang p h a t t r i l n . Nam b i t dfldc xu the' dd, trong nhflng n a m g i n day, Viet N a m da ra't chfl trong vao vige p h a t t r i e n cac dieh vu nay, dac bigt trong l m h vflc t h a n h toan khong dflng tien mat.
Dig'u n a y dfldc t h i hien ro trong chu trfldng, c h i n h sach va trong cac v a n b a n quy p h a m p h a p l u a t .
Tfl n a m 2012, C h i n h p h u da eho r a ddi Nghi d i n h so 101/2012/ND-CP ngay 22- 11-2012 va dfldc siia ddi bd s u n g ngay 0 1 - 7-2016 t a i Nghi dinh sd' 80/2016/ND-CP, sau do, 2 n g h i d i n h n a y da dfldc N g a n h a n g Nha nfldc hdp nha't tai Nghi dinh
N^iSn CLUJ Kmh tesd 11 (498) - Thing 11/2019 2 9
Phat trien djch vu mobile ...
Sd'43/VBHN-NHNN ngay 14-7-2016 (Ngan hang Nha niidc, 2016). Ngay 30-12-2016, Thu tfldng Chinh p h u da r a Quye't dinh so' 2545/QD-TTg phe duyet d l a n P h a t t r i l n t h a n h toan khdng d u n g tie'n m a t t a i Viet Nam giai doan 2016 - 2020. Trong Chid'n Ifldc p h a t t r i l n n g a n h n g a n h a n g Viet Nam den n a m 2025, dinh hfldng de'n n a m 2030, Chinh phu da dat r a muc tieu dfla ty trpng tien mat t r e n tdng phfldng tien t h a n h toan xud'ng dfldi mfle 10%) vao cud'i n a m 2020 va r u t xud'ng con 8% vao cud'i n a m 2025 (Chinh phu, 2012; Chinh phu, 2016a;
Chinh phu, 2016b; Chinh phu, 2018).
Tai Nghi quye't Q2/NQ-CP cua Chinh phu ngay 01-01-2019 ve vigc "Tig'p tuc thflc hien nhflng nhigm vu, giai phap chu yg'u cai thign moi trfldng k i n h doanh, nang cao nang Ifle canh t r a n h quoc gia n a m 2019 va dinh hfldng dg'n n a m 2021" cung t h i hien rd sfl quyg't tam cua Chinh p h u thdng qua vide ygu c l u 100%i trfldng hpc, hgnh vien, cdng ty dign, cdng ty ca'p, thoat nfldc, cdng ty ve sinh mdi trfldng, cac cong ty vien thdng, bflu chinh trgn dia b a n do thi phd'i hdp vdi cac n g a n hang, td chflc cung flng dich vu t r u n g gian t h a n h toan dg t h u hpc phi, vign phi, t i l n dien... b i n g phfldng thflc t h a n h toan khdng d u n g tig'n mat, flu tien giai p h a p t h a n h toan t r g n t h i e t bi di ddng, t h a n h toan qua thie't bi eha'p n h a n the va hoan t h a n h trfldc t h a n g 12-2019 (Chinh phu, 2019).
• Cd ty Id ngddi dan sd dung didn thoai di dgng cao
Vigc s5 hflu thie't bi di dpng la die'u kien c l n d l thflc hien cac giao dich MM. Hien nay, Vigt N a m cd ty lg ngflcfi d a n sii d u n g dien thoai di ddng k h a cao, 145,6 trieu t h u e bao/97 trigu d a n . Nhfl vay, ty lg t h u e bao di ddng trgn td'ng sd' d a n ldn tdi 152%, chfla ke tdi nhflng ngflcii d a n sii d u n g cac thig't bi di ddng khac, t r o n g dd, cd tdi 67%
dang d u n g i n t e r n e t , 57% d a n g sii d u n g mang xa hpi mot each thfldng xuygn va 73% sxi dung dien thoai thdng minh. Mflc
dp sfl d u n g i n t e r n e t va m a n g xa hpi t a n g trfldng a'n tfldng (28% vdi i n t e r n e t va 20%
vdi m a n g xa hpi so vdi n a m 2017), dS pliu ciia v i l n t h o n g ldn tdi g i n 100% dan so.
Viet Nam la qud'c gia dflng thfl 16 trgn thg' gidi ve' so' Ifldng ngfldi sii d u n g i n t e r n e t (Vietnam Digital L a n d s c a p e , 2018). Vidt Nam v i n d a n g t r o n g giai doan d a n so' vang, vdi dp tudi t r u n g b i n h la 3 1 , trong dd 69,3% tfl 15-64 tudi, la cac p h a n k h u c tap t r u n g flng d u n g sd' va n h a n h n h a y khi tig'p can vdi cdng nghg mdi. Nhflng ye'u td' trgn la die'u kien ra't t h u a n ldi cho vige t r i l n k h a i cac dich v u MM trgn p h a m vi toan qud'c (Dan sd', 2018).
• Cac cdng ty khdi nghiep ve fintech "nd rd"
Cac cdng ty fintech m a n g t i n h cha't khSi nghigp nen ra't s a n g tao va n a n g ddng, cd nhieu san p h a m mdi. Hp d a n h gia dich vu ngan hang dfldi gdc dd cua k h a c h h a n g va s i n sang cung ca'p cac dich vu mang lai trai nghiem td't hdn cho ngflcii dung. Ngan hang cd kinh nghiem tai chinh, ngudn von ddi dao, niem tin ldn tfl k h a c h hang, a m h i i u kha nang tai chinh cua khach h a n g . . . Vigc ke't hdp nay se bie'n fintech trd t h a n h canh tay nd'i dai cua cac ngan hang tdi nhflng doi tfldng ehfla c6 tai khoan h ngan h a n g t r u y i n thdng, hay nhflng doi tfldng chfla tie'p ckn dich vu t r u y i n thd'ng. Do'i vdi eac n h a mang hp cd tap hpp k h a c h hang ldn, ha t i n g viln thdng, cdng nghg dflde d l u tfl manh me cd sfl am hieu ve' h a n h vi tieu dung, kenh p M n phdl rdng k h a p . Sfl kg't hop gifla cac cdng ty fintech, eac dinh che tai chinh va cac n h a vien thdng se tao r a nhflng budc ddt pha trong vide p h a t t n e n cac dieh vu MM
Nam 2017, Vigt N a m mdi chi cd hdn 70 eong ty fintech, h u y dpng dflpc 3 trigu USD trong nam, h e s i n h t h a i fintech c i a V ' t Nam v i n tfldng ddi nho va dang h gigj A ^^
d l u cua sfl p h a t t r i l n khi so sanh VA' ° ^ ^ thi trfldng ASEAN k h a c nhfl Xingapo^^^'^
Indgngxia. Tuy nhien, v6i sfl ho trti ^^
Chinh phu, cac td chflc tai chinh /~ '^^^
^^ cac
30 Nghiin ciiu Kinh Iesd11(498)-fhiir~'
^•'2019
Phdt trien djch vu mobile..
doanh nghiep k-hSi nghiSp nganh fintech is ViSt Nam dang phat trien nhanh chong.
HINH 1 Cac loai h m h Fintech tai Viet Nam
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CIKlTCrUd 7S^u<5>j.- Fintechnews (2019b).
Trong sd' 124 cdng ty fintech t a i Viet N a m tinh den thang 6-2019, 3 linh vflc chu yeu la thanh toan (vdi 35 cdng ty), cho vay n g a n g hang (23 cdng ty) va cong nghe chudi khd'i (17 cdng ty) (Fintechnews 2019b). Fintechnews cua Xingapo da chi r a 13 s t a r t u p fmteeh t a i Viet Nam dang tren dfldng dfla Viet N a m vao ban do fintech toan ciu va khuye'n nghi n h a dau tfl ngn dfla hp vao d a n h sach theo doi trong nam 2019. Danh sach do gdm: bePOS, Finhay, Finsify, Growth Wealth, Momo, Moca, OnOnPay, TheBank.vn, TrueMoney Vietnam, Time, TrustingSocial, TomoChain, Zion (ZaloPay) (Fintechnews, 2019). Sfl phat
t r i l n m a n h me ciia cac cong ty fintech cung da giup tao r a mdt mdi trfldng nang dpng, t h u h u t dfldc ngudn n h a n Iflc cha't Ifldng cao vdi nhieu san pham dieh vu mdi. Ngay cang ed nhieu ngfldi dung dich vu, tin tflcfng hdn vdi viec su! dung cac hinh thflc t h a n h toan khdng dung tien mat.
• He thd'ng cd sd ha tang viin thdng va cac dich vu ho trd phd hdp
Hien nay, h a t a n g vien thdng Viet Nam p h a t trien ra't m a n h me, ndi b a t vdi 2 n h a mang ldn la VNPT va Viettel. Dflng trflde xu the' toan cau va chii trfldng cua Chinh phii, 2
Nghien cOu Kinh id sdi 1(498)-Thing 11/2019 31
Phat trien djch vu mobile ...
nha mang nay da san sang eho vigc trien khai cac dieh vu t h a n h toan khong dung tien mat qua tai khoan v i l n thdng. Nhfl vay, vdi sfl san sang nhap eudc cua 2 mang vidn thdng ldn, mpt lan nfla khang dinh, Viet Nam cd cd sd ha t^ng vien thdng ra't phu hdp cho sfl phat trien cua dieh vu MM.
Ben canh dd, he sinh thai hd trd eon bao gdm eac ben khae n h a u nhfl cae n h a d a u tfl, cac sfl kien va ddn vi td ehflc, cac dia didm lam vige ehung, cac boat ddng cua Chfnh phii dd'i vdi eac startup ndi ehung, cac cdng ty fintech tap trung vao t h a n h toan ndi rieng...
Tai Viet Nam, he sinh thai nay dang cd nhflng bfldc phat t r i l n vfldt bac. Trong 5 n a m qua, ty Id tang trflcJng co-working space b Vidt Nam trung binh la 55%/nam, trong dd cac doanh nghiep IT sxi dung tdi 55% khong gian ciia cac co-working spaces (Shira va Associate, 2018). Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh nam trong top 50 t h a n h phd' cd mflc dp tang trflSng co-working space cao nha't trgn toan thg'gidi nam 2019 (Nguyen Quy, 2019).
• Cac dinh che' tai chinh dang phat tridn manh me vi dan quan tam tdi thi trddng ban le, thu nhip thip
Trong 3 mo hinh cung cap cac dieh vu MM, gdm: (1) cac n h a cung ca'p dich vu vign thdng; (2) cac dinh che' tai ehinh; (3) dd'i tac cung ea'p giai phap phd'i hdp chat ehe vdi nha mang vdi mdt hoac mdt so' dinh chg' tai chinh va nha cung ca'p dich vu vign thdng, thi md H n h thfl 3 dang dan tr5 ngn quan trpng va chiem flu thg', do nd khSc phuc dfldc nhflng nhflde diem cua hai md hinh dau. Cac dinh c h i tai chinh ndi chung, ngan hang ndi ridng cd nhieu kinh nghiem trong quan ly tai ehinh truyen thd'ng, ngudn vd'n ddi dao, niem tin ldn tfl khach hang, am hieu k h a nang tai ehinh eua khach hang. Cac n h a v i l n thdng cd cd sci ha tang, cd Ifldng k h a c h hang ldn va kenh phan phoi rpng k h a p . Cac doi tac cung ca'p cd n h i l u san p h a m mdi nhflng lai thieu kinh nghiem quan ly tai chinh va t h i l u thdng tin ve khach h a n g t i l m nang. Nhfl vay, sfl ket hdp cua 3 chu t h i tren trong md hinh
cung ca'p dich vu MM la mot t a t yeu khach quan va cac dinh che tai chinh la mpt r"^t xich quan trpng trong mo hinh dd.
Viet Nam la mdt qud'c gia he thd'ng cac dinh ehe' tai chi'nh p h a t t r i l n rdng khap va da dang vdi n h i l u loai hinh. Trong ba kenh chu dao: tin dung n g a n hang, chflng khoan, bao hiem; ngan h a n g van la ngudn cung von ldn nha't va cd gia tri tong tai san chig'm chu dao trong khd'i tai san 14 trieu ty ddng eua cac dinh chg' tai chinh. Trong tdng tai san, nhdm to chflc tin dung chiem 95,5%, cdng ty chflng khoan va quan ly quy 3,4%, eae cdng ty bao hiem 1,1%. Quy md cae dinh che tai chinh dg'n cud'i n a m 2018 tfldng dfldng 203%
GDP ca nfldc, t a n g 11,5% (tTy ban Giam sat tai chinh qud'e gia, 2018). Vdi he tho'ng rdng khap va da dang ve loai hinh, cac dinh ehe tai ehinh chac chan se ddng vai trd tich cflc do'i vdi sfl phat t r i l n cac dieh vu MM tai Viet Nam, thong qua cac chig'n dich mci rdng hoat dpng va td'i flu hda tai chinh toan didn.
3.2.2. IQidkhan, thach thdc
• He thd'ng khudn kho phap ly cdn chda hoan thien va thid'u ddng bg
Cae san pham tfl dich vu MM dfla trgn nhflng ddi mdi va sang tao lien tuc cua edng nghg, do dd, n h i l u trfldng hdp cac quy dinh cua phap luat hign h a n h chfla theo kip. BSi vay, khi^eo sfl cd tfl thi vigc thie'u ed sd phap ly cd t h i gay r a tdn hai ldn v l n i i m tin vao he thdng.
Hidn nay, tai Viet Nam, mdi trfldng phap ly ve lmh vflc nay cdn ehfla hoan thidn chfla day du va thie'u d i n g bp, cac chinh'sach va digu kien hd trd phat t r i l n dieh vu thanh toan dign tfl cdn yg'u va thieu. Ngoai mpt sd van ban ve t h a n h toan khong dung tign mat, Chinh phu ehfla cd van ban nao quv A\r^\^ J.
the ve viec ap dung cae dich vu MM. Vigc sii dung cac dich vu MM se dat r a nhieu tha h thflc lign quan d i n khudn khd phap ly g^
toan trong giao dich, bao m a t thdn? H>," -.-•
pham cong nghg cao va chu quygn so' c^g ^' qud'c gia. Ve mat quan ly, cd ra't nhi^u th' h^
thfle nhfl giao dich bat thfldng, nhigu^^^
32 N^iin ciiu Kinh tdsd 11(498) - f>ISf^
'/airs
Phat trien djcli vu mobile ...
gian, tdi pham cdng nghe cao t a n dung cd hpi, ke hd de true ldi, hay nhflng riii ro, bao mat an toan cho ngfldi dung. Thdi gian qua tai Vigt Nam da xay r a nhflng vu an ve danh bac, riia tien ... lign quan tdi viec chuyen tien that thanh t i l n ao va ngfldc lai thong qua tai khoan ngan hang, hoac qua hinh thfle the cao nhflng ra't khd k h a n trong vide quy trach nhiem cho cae bgn lien quan, do chfla cd che' tai phu hdp (Hoang Diep, 2018).
• Nhin thdc cua dai da so'dan cd ve" dich vu MM cdn thip, thanh toan chu ye'u bang tien mat, mdt bg phin thid'u sii tin tddng ddi vdi cac giao dich dien t^
- San pham tai chinh vd'n da cd dac tinh khd hieu va phflc tap vdi dai bd p h a n dan cfl, nha't la trong nhflng vflng co n h a n thflc tai chi'nh tha'p, vdi eac san p h a m fintech thi tinh phflc tap va khd hieu cao hdn ra't n h i l u . Vi vay, cac flng dung MM can dfldc thig't ke' sao cho d l sii dung ma v i n dam bao an toan.
Thflc te, ngflcfi dung Viet Nam k h a xem nhe van d l bao mat trgn dien thoai cua minh.
Cac thie't bi di dpng dang trd nen qua phd thdng, ng'u ngfldi dflng khdng chu trong tdi viec bao mat se la tao ke he) d l cac loai tpi pham cd t h i d l giao dich ba't chinh hay ta'n cdng vao ehinh cae n h a cung ea'p dich vu.
Thoi quen t h a n h toan dung tidn mat hien dang ra't phd bid'n cf Vigt Nam. Van cd tdi 90% ehi tieu hang ngay tai Vigt Nam sii dung tiln mat, 99% sii dung t i l n m a t khi thanh toan cac mat hang dfldi 100.000 ddng.
Tham chi cd nhflng ngfldi con khdng big't tdi bat ky hinh thfle t h a n h toan nao khac ngoai tiln mat. Do dd, di thay ddi thdi quen cu va hinh thanh thdi quen t h a n h toan mdi la mpt khd khan ra't ldn do'i vdi nen kinh te, ddi hoi phai cd sfl phd'i hdp ddng bp gifla cae ban nganh nham tuydn truyen, hfldng d a n tich cflc tdi ta't ca cac t^ng Idp dan cfl (Hoai Dfldng, 2019).
- Hign nay, cac dich vu MM chfla thflc sfl pho biln trong dan chung. Ni vky, ngflcfi ddn cdn riCt e de, thieu sfl tin tfldng dSi vdi cac
dich vu MM ndi chung va t h a n h toan dign tfl noi rigng. Viec tao dflng niem tin dan de'n thay ddi thoi quen trong dan cd vai trd quyg't dinh tdi sfl p h a t t r i l n eua dich vu MM.
• Ha ting thanh toan so' cdn nhieu bat cip
- Quy hoach chfla nha't quan va ddng bo hg thd'ng t h a n h toan sd'. Hien ed 87 ngan hang, 26 to chflc t r u n g gian t h a n h toan, 23 vi dien tfl tai Viet Nam phai thflc Men ke't ndi vdi hang tram nghin td chflc, doanh nghidp d l cung cap dich vu t h a n h toan. Tuy nhign, tai mdt diem cha'p n h a n t h a n h toan, mdi ddn vi lai chu ddng xay dflng he thd'ng trang thie't bi t h a n h toan rieng eiia ddn vi minh d i n tdi lang phi va khdng tSn dung dflde ha tang ehung. Cac hinh thflc t h a n h toan mdi nhfl NFC, QR Code, sinh trac hpc... mdi bat d l u phat t r i l n nhflng v i n trong giai doan dau.
De'n cud'i 2018, ehi eo 16 ngan hang trieu khai flng dung QR code vdi 30.000 diem cha'p nhan QR code (Khue Nguyin, 2019).
- Cac he thd'ng t h a n h toan chfla phd cap khap mpi mien cua da't nfldc. Cac td chflc tai chinh chi t a p t r u n g phat trien mang Ifldi, khach hang tai nhflng khu vflc t h a n h thi, hfldng tdi dd'i tfldng ngfldi dan thu nhap cao, cd tai khoan ngan hang. Dd'i tfldng ngfldi dan vung sau vung xa, t h u n h a p tha'p va cd thdi quen tie't kiem van can mdt dich vu tai chinh re va dg tiep can. H a t a n g t h a n h toan sd' tren di dong nhfl hda ddn dign, nflde, truyen hinh, dien thoai, internet, bao h i l m , tai chinh ca nhan, h a n h chinh cdng... da dflde trien khai nhflng p h a m vi chfla tfldng xflng vdi tiem nang thi trfldng.
- Hg thd'ng t h a n h toan sd'chu y l u cd y l u to' nfldc ngoai la chu yeu. Thi trfldng t h a n h toan sd' - thfldng mai so' cua eae doanh nghiep
"thuan Viet" dang phat t r i l n manh mun, thie'u ehien Ifldc bai ban.
- Kilm soat t h a n h toan xuygn bign gidi con h a n chg'. Cac td chflc, ca n h a n tai Viet Nam cd thd d l dang m u a san ph^m, hang hda, dich vu, chdi tro chdi trflc tuye'n tai nfldc
Nghiin ciiu Kinh tdsd 11(498) - Thing 11/2019 33
Phdt trien djch vu mobile ,
ngoai va ngfldc lai ngfldi nfldc ngoai cd the de dang mua san pham, h a n g hoa, dich vu tai Viet Nam thdng qua cac flng dung cdng nghe thdng tin (mobile app, website...), trong khi dd, cac ed quan quan ly n h a nfldc chfla the quan ly, k i l m soat rapt each chat ehe, d i n tdi vide tha't t h u thue' (Ngpe Mai, 2019).
- Chfla c6 sfl kg't nd'i thdng tin dong bo gifla eae ngan hang, cac flng dung thanh toan. Thi trfldng dang cd qua nhieu vi dien tii khac nhau va ngflcfi tieu dung khdng thd t h a n h toan tai cae ciia hang khac n h a u vdi cung mdt flng dung. Tham chi, ne'u mud'n t h a n h toan khdng can vi hay the, ngfldi dung phai tai mot luc hang loat flng dung khac nhau, nop t i l n vao nhieu vi dien tfl khac nhau.
• Nhan ldc cho phit tridn cac dich vu MM cdn thiiu vi han chi vi kinh nghidm
Vdi sfl phat trien manh me eua cac nganh thfldng mai didn tii ndi chung va cac dich vu MM ndi rigng trong nhflng n a m g i n day, ngudn cung lao dpng eho nganh nay cdn n h i l u h a n che' ea v l sd' Ifldng va cha't Ifldng.
Mpt bp phan sinh vien ra trfldng cd ky nang ve thfldng mai didn tvl nhflng kie'n thflc, kinh nghiem v l giao thfldng hay trinh dp ngoai ngfl con yg'u va chfla the dap flng ngay dfldc nhu c l u cua cac doanh nghiep, h l u het cac doanh nghiep phai tiep tuc dao tao sau khi t u y i n dung.
• Sii phdi kit hdp gida cac ddn vi tham gia cdn chda chat che
Hign nay, dd'i vdi cac dich vu tai chinh di dpng ndi chung mdi ehi cd sfl t h a m gia cua mpt sd ngan hang vdi cac n h a mang va cae ddn vi cung ca'p dich vu. Sfl t h a m gia nay dai da sd'ia ddc lap, chfla cd sfl phd'i ke't hdp chat che gifla 3 ben. Cac dich vu chu yeu tap trung vao eac vi dign tii, muc dich ehinh cho t h a n h toan. Do'i vdi cac dinh che tai chinh chfla cd sfl t h a m gia ddng bo eua ta't ca cac ddn vi, nen eac san ph^m tdi ngflcfi tieu dflng chfla da dang. Hien nay, mdi chi cd rsft it cac cdng ty bao hiem t h a m gia b a n san pham thong qua cac vi dign iii.
4. M 6 t s o k h u y a n n g h i n h a m P^^^' trie'n d i c h v u m o b i l e m o n e y t a i Vigt N a m
Mdt li, hoan thidn khudn kho phap ly, hfldng de'n xay dflng mdt "san ehdi binh dang" trong tfldng lai cho cac ddn vi t h a m gia cung ca'p dieh vu, qua do khuyd'n khich sfl hdp tac - canh t r a n h cung cd ldi gifla eac chu t h i . D I giam t h i l u cac riii ro ve mat p h a p 1^, Nha nfldc nen quy dinh dd'i vdi eac ddn vi cung cap dich vu ve gidi b a n cho tai khoan, tan sua't giao dich, khd'i Ifldng va so' tien dfldc chuyen trong mpt khoang thdi gian nha't dinh. Vi ng'u cac giao dich khdng lign k i t vdi ngan hang thi nhieu do'i tfldng cd thg dung tien tfl budn lau, budn b a n ma tuy, mai dam.... ndp t i l n m a t vao vi dien tii di thanh toan ma tien trong vi didn tii lai la tien saeh.
Day la mot loai tpi p h a m co t h i dung d l riia tiln, tuy nhign sd' ngfldi dan cd tai khoan ngan hang hidn nay mdi chi khoang 30%, vi vay nen viec gidi b a n tan sua't giao dich, khdi Iflpng va thdi gian cho eac giao dich la ra't can thig't. Mpt each de giam thieu rui ro khac • la giam sat cac ludng giao dich d l nd canh bao nha cung ca'p dich vu ve cac m l u giao dieh dang ngd va eo bien phap xii ly kip thcfi.
Mat khae, can cd sfl phdi hdp chat che gifla cac bp, nganh hen quan nhfl: Bo Khoa hpc va cdng nghe, Bp Tai chinh. Bo Tii phap, Ngan hang Nha nfldc... trong vide hoan thign khudn khd phap ly, q u i n ly ddng bd va nhkt quan, bao vg quyin Ipi cfla ngudi tieu dung, tao moi trfldng kinh doanh t h u a n ldi cho sfl phat t n e n cua eac nganh cdng nghg tai chinh ndi ehung va dich vu MM ndi rigng', gop p h i n cua Viet dn dinh cua he thdng tai chinh
Hai la, tang cddng cdng tic tuyin truyin tao thdi quen cho ngifdi sd dune Mn^ ^•- ' cua Chmh phu la hfldng tdi n i n kinh f' t h a n h toan khong dung tien mat, nhu h tflc la dich vu MM phai cham dupc td" ^" ^ t i n g 16p dan cfl. De lam dflpc dieu nay d ^ ° ' chie'n Ifldc qudc gia phd cap, nang cao \ ^°
thflc cua ngflcfi dan ve tai chinh tang CUdng
34 Nghiin cOu Kinh tdsd11(49B)-fh^.
'9IJ/2^
Phat trien djch vu mobile ...
long tin khi sii dung dich vu, dao tao ve each thflc sil dung dieh vu, bao mat, tao thdi quen thanh toan khdng dung tien m a t ... qua do thuc day nhu cau cua ngfldi sii dung.
Ba la, hoan thidn ha ting cho cac dich vu tai chinh di dgng. N i n t a n g cho sfl p h a t t r i l n dich vu MM cd t h i dfldc coi la mpt cd scf ha tang mang dfldc sii dung d l lflu trfl va di ehuyen t i l n giup ddn gian hoa viec truy cap tai chinh (Kendall va epng sfl, 2011).
Cai thien cd sd ha t i n g la r a t quan trpng dd'i vdi boat dpng kinh te', vi cd set ha t i n g phu hdp se giam thieu chi phi kinh doanh va cai thidn k h a nang eanh t r a n h gifla cac doanh nghidp. Cac mang hoan thien ve mat ky thuat la d i l u can thig't dg ap dung dich vu MM, do dd cd sd ha t a n g v i l n thdng dfldc coi la mpt ye'u to' quyet dinh quan trpng (Abu va Tsuji, 2010).
C l n da dang hda va n a n g cao cha't Ifldng cac san ph^m dich vu, lam chu cdng nghg, chu trpng den sfl tign ldi, de stf d u n g nhflng v i n dam bao tinh an toan, bao mat, t r a n h rui ro va mang lai hieu qua cao nha't cho xa hdi.
Ben canh do, can nghien ciiu tich hdp, ddng bp cac tai khoan khac n h a u de ngfldi sii dung c6 the d l dang hdn trong qua t r i n h sii dung san pham. Ngoai r a cung can, t r a n h t h u sfl hd trp ky thuat va tfl va'n cua cac td chflc qudc t l nhfl ADB, WB... va hdp tac song phfldng vdi cd quan quan ly cac nflde d l trao ddi, ehia se kinh nghiem hflu ieh trong quan ly cac doanh nghigp fintech.
Bd'n la, chu trgng vao diu td phat trien ngudn nhan ldc cho thddng mai dien tii. Do con ngfldi la nhan td' quan trpng h a n g d l u , ddng vai trd quylt tfinh den vide phat t r i l n cua cac nganh cdng ngh$ cua mpi quo'c gia, vi vSy, vigc thu hiit, dao tao va hd trd cac chuygn gia cdng nghg, n h a n tai a m hieu ve cdng nghe sd va kien thflc ve linh vflc tai chfnh - ngan h a n g can dfldc q u a n tam thoa dang. Vigt Nam c l n c6 chi'nh sach lign ket, hdp tac dao tao lau dai vdi cac quoc gia cd kinh nghidm v l quan ly va p h a t t r i l n cdng nghg nhfl: Xingapo, Hdng Kdng, Inddngxia,
Uc..., can cd nhflng khoa tap hua'n, hpe hoi kinh nghiem da t h a n h cong v l dich vu MM nhfl: Kenia, Uganda, mdt sd' nfldc Nam Phi hay Philippin.
Nam la, tang cddng sii hdp tac cua cic chu the tham gia cung dp dich vu bao gdm cac nha mang, eac dinh che tai ehinh va cac n h a cung ca'p dich vu. Sfl phd'i hdp nay se tao r a n h i l u san p h i m dich vu mdi, giam gia thanh, kich thich c l u tigu dung va tao ra sfl giam sat chat che gifla cac ben, h a n che nhflng rui ro cd the xay ra./.
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Ngay nhan bill: 20-6-2019 Ngiy nhan ban sCfa: 18-7-2019 Ngay duy'ei dang: 20-9-2019
Nghien citu Kinh tdsd 11(498) - Th^ng 11/2019 37
