-fssa^EsimMBSi
Quan diem cua Dang ve van hoa
trong phat trien icinh te tur ''Deafcfng ve van hoa Viit Nam'^xihrn 1943 den nay
NGUYtNTHjHl/ONG*
DieUdngvevan hoa VietNam nam 19431a mgt van kien quan trgngeua Dang Cong san ViSt Nam. Ke tijtkhi ra ddi eho din nay. Van kiin nay vin giu nguyen gia tri la ban tuyin ngon, la cUdng linh dau tien eua Dang ve van hoa va moi quan he giUa van hoa vdi cae linh vUe khae eua ddi songxa hgi.
Trong gan tam thip niin qua, nhieu dinh hUdng quan trgng cua DeeUdng ve van hoa Viit Nam, trong do eo quan diem ve vai trd cua van hoa trong phat trien kinh te, da dUdc Dang ta tiip tue kethiXa, bo sung trong giai doan ddi mdi dai nude.
Gia trj quan diem van hoa trong phat trien kinh te cua Deafcfng ve van hoa WetyViifflnam1943(i>
Di citong vi van hda Viet Nam (sau day goi t i t la Di cddng) r a ddi trong bd'i eanh tinh hinh kinh tg', chinh tri, van bda - xa hpi ra't ro'i r e n cua dai nflde nhflng n a m 40 the' ky XX. Do la lue cupc Chie'n t r a n h the gidi l i n thfl hai dang di g i n tdi ke't thuc, Nhat Ban xam chiem Dong Dfldng, thie't lap ehe'dp p h a t - xit d day. Cach m a n g Viet Nam luc n a y khdng nhflng dflng trfldc mpt t i n h thg' vd eflng cang t h a n g "ngan can treo sdi toe", raa cdn gap phai nhflng t h u doan cua phat-xit
hdng troi bupc van boa, thara chi gie't che't tien do cua nen van boa dan tpc ta.
Cupc each raang Viet Nam do Dang lanh dao dang bfldc vao thdi ky tien khdi nghia la rapt ta't yg'u chinh tri. Tuy nhien trong bo'i canh lue ba'y gid, trfldc hg't ra't can phai co mpt sy t h a y doi cd ban ed tinh ly luan ve t y tfldng - van hoa.
Di ciidng r a ddi dap flng cO b a n yeu c l u do eua lich sii each raang d a n tpc. Co thg tha'y, gia tri tfl tfldng - van hoa eua De ciiOng xet trong bdi eanh luc ba'y gid, d cac phUdng dien sau day:
Thit nha't, k h a n g dinh vi tri cua van hda trong mdi quan he vdi kinh te va chinh
tri trong sii nghiep cich mang do Dang Cgng san Viet Nam lanh dao. TrU6c he't, thg hien d each dat va'n de" cua De ciidng: 1- Van hoa phai dUde n b a n thfle bao gdm ca tU tudng, hgc t h u a t va nghe thuat; 2- Quan he gifla van hoa va kinh tg', ehinh tri; 3 - Thai dp ciia Dang ddi vdi va'n de van boa.
Van hoa phai dUdc q u a n niem hao gdm ca tU tudng,
* PGS, TS, Hoc vien Chinh tri quo'c gia Ho Chi Minh
(1) Van kien Dang: Than tap, Nxb. Chinh tri quo'c gia, Ha Npi, 2000, t. 7, tr. 316 - 321. Cac tU lieu cua bai viet lien quan dUdc trich din theo tai lieu nay
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I LlhMlaiigTiwul0itic(huyenThanhTii,HaNm)di(«todiifctftn9ay9a£n12thangGie^
hgc thuat, nghe thuat. Van (cd sd ha tang quyg't dinh kig'n boa pbai dugc nban thfle nhU true thUOng tang). Trong radi rapt he thdng, trong do gifla quan hp nay, vdi tU each la t u tudng, hgc thuat va nghe rapt bp p h a n ciia kig'n true thuat; gifla van hoa, kinh tg' thUOng tang, xet cho eung thi va chinh tri; gifla cac nguyen van boa pban anh hien thye t i c dan tpc, dai chung va va do cd sd kinh te quye't dinh.
khoa hgc... co mdi quan he Mat kbae, van boa duge qua lai ta't ye'u v6i nbau, chi nhan thflc khong nhflng la pbd^i sy van dpng va phat cai phan anb kinb te', chiu sU trien nen van boa Viet Nam quye't dinh ciia kinh te, raa va sy nghiep each mang ciia cdn tae dpng quan trgng de'n dan toe Viet Nam do Dang
lanh dao.
Thd hai, chi r a ban chat moi quan he gida van hoa va kinh te. De citdng eho rang, nen tang kinh tg' cua mpt xa hpi va che dp kinh tg' dUng tren nen tang a'y quyet dinh toan bp van boa eiia xa bpi do 3 0 1 SOISO 1(6-2019)
phat trien cua chinh tri, k i n h te, xa bpi. Day chinb la mpt trong nhflng npi dung q u a n trgng, quy l u a t cO b a n ciia chii nghia duy vat lich sii.
Thd ba, khang dinh thai do ciia Dang do'i vdi van di van hda trong cugc cich mang do Dang lanh dao. Dig'u nay the
h i e n 6 q u a n di^m: a- Mat t r a n van hda la mpt trong ba m a t t r a n (kinh te, chinh tri, van hoa) ma d dd ngUdi cpng san phai boat dpng; b - Khdng phai chi lam each mang ehinh t r i ma edn p h a i l a m each mang van hoa; c- Cd l a n h dao dudc phong t r a o v a n hda, Dang m6i a n h hfldng dUdc dU luan, viec tuyen t r u y e n ciia Dang mdi c6 hieu qua.
Sy lanb dao cua Dang d ca ba m a t t r a n la t a t ye'u, va Dang k h a n g dinh, trong bdi canh ba'y gid cupc each mang v a n h6a phai di trudc mdt budc. De cuong- da chi r a nhflng va'n de cd ban cua van hoa Vipt Nam, n h u tinh chat va lich sii, nhflng nguy cd
isx^ssasmm
trfldc m a t cua v a n boa Vipt Nam; v a n de each mang van hda Vipt Nam, myc dieh trflde mit va nhiing cong viec phai lam... P h a i l a m each m a n g van h6a thi mdi tao cd sd cho vipc hoan t h a n h dfldc eupc cai t^o xa hdi. Cupe cai each van hda CO y nghia don dfldng, la n^n tang n h a n thfle Iy l u a n tfl tfldng - van hda cho each mang ve chinh tri va kinh tg'.
Tuy nhien, De ciidng eung khang dinh r i n g , each mang van hoa chi c6 the hoan t h a n h khi each m a n g k i n h te' va chinh tri t h a n h eong. Sy p h a t trien cua each m a n g chfnh tri, each mang kinh te' la cd sd dg hoan t h a n h each m a n g van hoa.
Trong bdi canh lieh sxi ba'y gid, nhan thfle ly luan ve vi tri, vai trd cua v a n hoa, dae biet la quan diera v^ vai trd van hda trong phat trien kinh tg' cua Di citdng, la cd sd ly luan quan trgng de t a p hgp, phat huy sflc raanh cua q u I n chung va gidi tri thflc trong cupc each mang giai phong dan tpc. Gia t r i ciia q u a n digm dd da dUde D a n g kg' thfla va phat trien treng qua trinh each mang, dac biet la trong giai doan doi radi, chu dpng, tich cyc hpi n h a p quo'e te cua da't nude.
Quan diem cua Dikng ve van hoa trong phat trien kinh t^thoiky doi mdri
Mgt la, p h a t trien n b a n thfle ly lupn ve moi quan he
giUa chinh sich kinh te va chinh sich van hda, xa hgi thdi ky d i u d^i mdi.
TrUdc he't dd la p h a i k h I e p h y c t h a i dp eoi n h e ehinh sach p h a t trign v a n hoa, xa hpi. D a n g k h a n g dinh, t r i n h dp p h a t t r i e n k i n h te' la dieu k i e n v a t eha't de t h y e h i e n chfnh sach v a n hoa, xa bpi, nhflng p h a t t r i g n v a n hoa, xa hpi e u n g e h i n h n h I r a p h a t h u y yg'u to' con ngUdi va la'y viee p h y c v y con n g u d i l a m myc dfch eao nha't cua sU p h a t t r i l n k i n b tg' - xa hpi*^*. Q u a n diem cua D a n g da chi ro p h a i eo sy
"ke't hgp h a i hoa gifla p h a t t r i e n k i n h te' vdi p h a t t r i e n v a n boa, xa hpi, gifla t a n g t r u d n g k i n h te' vdi tie'n bp xa hpi; gifla ddi so'ng v a t cha't va ddi sd'ng t i n h t h i n cua n h a n d a n . Coi p h a t t r i e n k i n h te' la cd sd va tien de de thflc hien cac chfnh saeh xa hpi, t h y e hipn to't ehinh sach xa hpi la dpng Iflc t h u e day p h a t trig'n k i n h te^'*^'.
Hai la, p h a t trien n h a n thflc ly luan ve sii thd'ng nhat gida phit trien van hda, kinh te, xa hgi va con ngitdi.
L a n d a u tien t r o n g V a n kien Nghi quyg't Hpi nghi Trung fldng 4 khoa VII, ngay 4-1-1993, "Vimpt so'nhiem vu van hda van nghe nhdng nam tritdc m&f. D a n g da k h i n g dinh: "Van hda la nen t a n g t i n h t h a n cua xa hpi, mpt dpng lye t h u c day sfl p h a t t r i e n k i n h tg' - xa hpi.
ddng thdi la rapt muc tieu eua chu nghia xa hgi"<^>. So vdi npi dung dfldc neu trong D e ciidng tbi quan diem eua D a n g tii Nghi quye't nay da dfla r a nhflng npi h a m ed b a n nha't ve vai trd eua van hoa trong phat t r i l n kinh te', xa hpi.
Dac biet de'n Bao cio chinh tri cua Ban Chap hanh Trung ddng Dang khoa VII tai Hpi nghi giUa nhiem k;y, Dang da k h a n g dinh sy thd'ng nha't gifla p h a t trien van boa, kinh tg', xa hpi va con ngfldi: Myc tieu eiia cac linh vUc v a n hoa - xa hpi la n h a m cham sdc, bdi dudng va phat huy n h a n tg'con ngUdi, vdi tU each vfla la dpng Ifle, vfla la myc tieu ciia each mang... Tang trudng kinh te' phai g i n vdi tig'n bp va eong bang xa hpi*^'.
(2) Van kiSn Dang thdi ky doi mdi (Dai hpi VI, VII, VIII, IX):
V4 van boa, xa hgi, khoa hgc - ky thuat, giao due - dao tao, Nxb.
Chinh tri qu6c gia. Ha Npi, 2005, tr. 18 - 19
(3) Van kien Dai hdi dai bieu toan quoc lan th^ VII, Nxb, Su that, Ha Npi, 1991, tr. 73
(4) Van kien Hpi nghi lin thti tu Ban Chap hanh Trung UOng Dang khoa VII: Ve mdt so'nhiem vu van hoa vSn nghe nhSng nam tritSc mit, 1993, nguon: http://
dangcongsan.vn, ngay 12-10-2016 (5) Van kien Hpi nghi dai bieu toan quoc giUa nhiem kykhoa VII, thang 11-1994, hdu hanh npi bp, tr. 45 - 46
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Md'i quan he gifla phat trien van hda, xa hpi va con ngUdi dUde k h a n g dinh chung ta phai: "Xay dyng va phat trien nen van boa Viet Nam tien tien, dam da ban sac dan tpc, xay dyng ne'n tang tinh t h i n eua dan tpc ta, coi do vfla la muc tieu, vfla la dpng lUc thuc da'y phat trien kinh te' - xa hpi... Qua trinh xay dung nen van hoa Viet Nam cung chi'nh la qua trinh thUe hien ehig'n lUdc con ngudi, xay dUng va phat huy ngudn lUe con ngUdi..."'^'. Xay dyng nen van boa tien tie'n, dam da ban sac dan tpc vfla la myc tigu, vfla la dpng Iflc thuc d i y sfl phat trign kinh tg' - xa hpi.
Phat trign van boa la cO sd de phat trign, hoan thien n b a n each con ngfldi vdi nhflng pham cha't cy thg. Phat trien con ngfldi v6i tfl each la cbii the cua phat trien van boa va kinh tg'.
Ba la, quan diem ve bao dam gin kit gida phit trien kinh teva phat trien van hoa la dieu kien quye't dinh sfl phat trien.
Dinh bu6ng ve moi quan he gifla phat trien kinh te va phat trien van boa dugc xac dinh: Bao dam g i n ke't gifla nhiem vy phat trien kinh tg' la trung tam, xay dUng, chinh do'n Dang la then cho't, vdi khong ngiing nang cao van hda - ne'n tang tinh than ciia xa hpi; tao nen sy phat trien ddng bp cua ba linh vUc tren chinh la dieu kien quyg't dinh 32 I S6l50!(6-2019)
bao dam cho sU phat trien toan dien va bdn vflng cua dat nUdc*^'. Moi quan he gifla phat trien van boa vdi phat trien kinh te' - xa hpi va con ngUdi dUde nhan thflc: "Tig'p tuc phat trien sau rpng va nang cao cha't lUdng nen van boa Viet Nam tien tien, dam da ban sac dan tpc, g i n ke't chat che va ddng bp hdn vdi phat trien kinh te' - xa bpi, lam cho van hoa tha'ra sau vao mgi linb vUc cua ddi so'ng xa hpi"®.
Cung vdi quan digm lara cho van boa tha'ra sau vao mgi linh vye cua ddi so'ng xa hdi, Nghi quyg't Hpi n g h i Trung Udng 5 khoa VIII (nam 1998) lan d a u tien k h a n g dinh vai trd cua v a n hoa:
"Van hda la sdc manh npi sinh quan trgng nhi't cua sii phat trien". Bu6e phat trien mdi nay la dinh hUdng ed b a n cho p h a t trien van boa de phat trien ben vuiig dat nU6c, ng'u khong van hoa se chi la giai tri, hoac khdng p h a t trign van boa dung se rdi vao khiing hoang xa hpi.
Ve vai tro cua v a n h o a trong phat trien kinh te', co sy phat trien mdi trong n b a n thflc ly l u a n va tbyc tidn.
Nghi quye't sd 23-NQ/TW, ngay 16-6-2008, c u a Bg Chinh tri, ve tiep tuc xay dung va phit trien van hgc, nghe thuat trong thdi ky mdi, da k h a n g dinh: "Cac phuong tign, phUdng thflc san xua't, t r i n h dign, sii
dung, t r u y e n 1 san p h a m v a n ' ^ r n g b P thuat p h a t trien k h a m a n b da dfla dUdc nhieu tac p h i m dg'n vdl cong chung, gop p h i n dap Ung n h u c l u ngay cang da dang eua n h a n dan. Ba hinh thanh mot thi trddng hang hda va dich vu cac san pham van hgc, nghe thuit d trong niidc; dfla cac san p h a m van hoe, nghe t h u a t eo e h a t Ifldng r a nflde ngoai, gdp p h a n k h i n g dinh nfldc t a la dia chi giao Iflu v a n h d a qud'c tg' t r o n g thdi ky mdi"*^'. Day e h i n h la d i n h hfldng q u a n trong de xay d y n g q u a n diem vd p h a t t r i e n n g a n h cong nghiep v a n hda d Viet Nam nhflng n a m tig'p theo. Trong qua t r i n h do, "Phat trien van hoa, xa hpi h a i hda vdi phat trien k i n h te, bao d a m tig'n bp va cdng b i n g xa hpi trong (6) Van kien Hpi nghi lin thti nam Ban Chap hanh Trung itdng khoa vm, Nxb. Chinh tri quoc gia, 1998, tr. 10-11
(7) Ket luan Hpi nghi lan thfl mucii Ban Chap hanh Trung Udng Dang khoa DC ve "Xay dgng vk phat trien nen van hoa Viet Nam tien tien, dam da bin sic dan tdc"
trong nhiing nam sap tdi. Ha N6i, 2004
(8) Van kien Dai hgi dai biiu toan quoc lin thUt X, Nxb. Chinh tri quo'c gia, Ha Npi, 2006, tr. 106
(9) Nghi quyet cua Bo Chinh tri vl Phat triSn van hoc, ngM thuat trong thai ky^ mdi, Thong tin Vanh6avaPhattri^n,s6'l7 2008
-TEXOEanEsmmE
tflng budc va tflng c h i n h sach p h a t trien"<^°\
So vdi nhflng npi d u n g dUdc de r a trong Di ciidng ddn Hpi nghi lin thd chin Ban Chi'p hanh Trung lidng khda XI, q u a n diem nay da phat trign d mpt t a m eao mdi:
phat trien v a n hoa va eon ngUdi hudng dg'n myc tieu cbung: "Xay dUng n e n v a n hoa va con ngfldi Viet Nara phat trien toan dien, hfldng deii ehan - thien - ray tha'ra n h u i n t i n h t h i n d a n tpc, nhan van, d a n chu va khoa hge. v a n hoa t h y e sy trd tbanh n e n t a n g t i n h t h a n viing chac cua xa hpi, la sflc manh npi sinh q u a n trgng bao dam sfl p h a t trien ben vflng va bao vp vflng chac To qudc vi rauc tieu d a n giau, nUde manh, d a n chu, c6ng bang, van minb"'^^'.
Bd'n la, bo sung n h a n thflc ly luan ve md'i quan he giUa van hda vdi kinh te, chinh tri trong xay diing va phat trien van hda, con ngiidi de phit triin bin vOng diit nddc. Xay dyng van hda trong linh vye chfnh tri va k i n h te' dUdc Dang ta xac dinh la nhflng npi dung cd b a n cua nhiera vy xay dyng va p h a t trien van hda, con ngfldi \ ^ e t Nam thdi k:y mdi'i^'. Do la:
- V l van hda trong ehinh tri, phai chii trgng cham lo xay diing van hda trong Dang, trong cac cd quan n h a nude va cac doan tb^, coi day la nhan to' quan trong de xay
dyng he thdng chinh tri trong sach, vflng manh..., ddng tbdi thudng xuyen quan tam xay diing van hda trong kinh te.
Tao lap radi trfldng van bda phap Iy, thi trfldng san p h i m van bda minh bach, tieh bp...
xay d y n g v a n b d a d o a n h ngbiep, van hda doanh nhan.
Con ngudi tbyc sy la trung tam t r o n g qua t r i n h p h a t trien kinh tg' - xa bpi.
- Vd v a n hda t r o n g k i n h te, p h a i t h u d n g xuygn q u a n t a m xay dUng van hda trong k i n h t e . P h a t t r i e n cdng nghigp van hda di ddi vdi xay dyng, hoan thien t h i trfldng v a n hda. P h a t trign n g a n h cdng nghiep v a n hda mdi co t h e dap flng ygu c l u p h a t trien van hda trong bo'i canh eong nghiep hoa, hien dai boa va p h a t trign k i n b tg' thi trfldng dinh hfldng xa hpi chii nghia. P h a t t r i e n cong nghiep v a n hda n h I r a k h a i thac va p h a t huy nhflng tiem n a n g va gia t r i v a n boa dae sac eiia v a n boa Viet N a m ; khuye'n khieh xua't k h a u san p h a r a v a n h6a, gop p h a n q u a n g ba van hda Viet Nam r a t h e gidi. Doi mdi, hoan thien the che', tao mdi trUdng p h a p ly t h u a n ldi de xay dflng, p h a t trien thi trfldng v a n bda.
- Bao d a m " g i n t a n g trudng kinb tg' vdi phat trien van hda, phat trien, xay dung eon ngfldi va thye hipn tig'n bp, cdng bang xa hpi". Quan diem n a y p h a i trd t h a n h tU
t u d n g chi dao cho n h i e u chfldng trinh, ke' boacb phat trien, phai co sy vao cupe ciia ca he thd'ng ehfnh tri, cung vdi sy d i u t u eua Nba nUdc va su t h a m gia eiia ngUdi danf^3>.
Van de dat ra va dinh hudng bo sung, phat trien nhan thii'c iy iuan ve van hoa trong phat trien kinh te
Thd nha't, tfl nhflng npi dung mdi chi la nhflng net phac t h a o ciia De citdng, q u a n diera cua Dang da c6 nhflng bfldc p h a t trien mdi trong n h a n thfle ly luan va thye tign ve phat trien van hda va kinb te'trong nen kinh te' thi trudng dinh hudng xa hpi chu ngbia.
Cung vdi sU p h a t trign n h a n thfle ly l u a n ve van hda, vai trd cua v a n bda trong p h a t trign kinh te' - xa hpi, p h a t t r i ^ n con ngUdi, Dang cdn chi r a vai tro eua (10) Van kien Dai hpi dai biSu toan quo'c lin thii XI, Nxb. Chinh tri quoc gia SU that, Ha Npi, 2011, tr.40
(11) VSn kien Hpi nghi lin thU chin Ban ChSp hanh Trung Udng khoa XI, Van phong Trung Udng Dang, Ha Noi, tr. 46 - 47
(12) Van kien Hpi nghi lan thU chin Ban Chap hanh Trung UOng khoa XI, tai lieu da dan, tr. 53
(13) Van kien Dai hpi dai bieu toan quo'c lan thU XII, Van phong Trung Udng Dang, Ha Npi, 2016, tr. 124
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v a n boa trong chfnh tri va kinh tg' trong qua trinb phat trign. Mudn phat t r i i n he'n vflng da't nfldc, doi hdi van hda phai diidc dat ngang hang vdi kinh te', chinh tri va xa hpi. Khong ehay theo sflc ep t a n g trudng kinh te' ma coi thudng, ha tha'p vai tro, vi tri cua phat trien van boa va con ngUdi. Hdn nfla, xay dyng va phat trigV van hoa, con ngUdi - chinh la sdc manh npi sinh ciia sU phat trien ben vflng da't nU6c.
Tuy nhien, trong n h a n thflc ly luan ve van boa trong phat trien kinh te', phat trien xa hpi, con ngUdi thdi ky doi mdi, chung t a chUa lUdng hg't, ehUa bao quat hg't pham vi ngay cang rpng ldn, da dang, phfle tap eua van hoa, ciia phat trien van hoa trong cd che' kinb tg' tbi trfldng.
Tbyc te', trong mpt so' dinh budng ve phat trien edn hoc lp It nhieu lung tung, mang tinh giai quye't "flng pho tinh tbd*' trUdc mpt so' bien dpng, bien chuyen mdi, cac va'n de van boa, xa hgi nay sinh trong ddi so'ng.
Sy lung tung nay cho thay, viec giai quye't mdi quan he gifla phat t n e n van hoa va phat trien kinh te', v6i vgin de xa hpi va bao ve moi trUdng con nhieu ban cbe, anh budng de'n sU phat trien ben vflng.
Nhieu va'n de bflc xuc nay sinh, nha't la cac va'n de xa hpi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi chfla dflge n h a n thflc va
giai quyet c6 hieu qua. Tbyc te' dao dfle xa hgi co rapt so' mat xudng ca'p tram trgng;
tac dgng tieu cue ciia van boa pham dpc hai den viec hinh t h a n h n h a n each t h a n h , thieu nien; tinh trang ngUdi dan chua dUdc thu hudng d i y dii, cong b i n g t h a n h qua van hoa, xa hpi cua doi mdi.
Doi vdi nhflng va'n de radi dat ra cho phat trien van boa trong cd che' thi trUdng, nhU phat trien va quan ly c6ng nghiep van boa, thi t r u d n g van boa pham, xay dung va phat trien van hda, eon ngUdi trong giai doan radi hipn nay... vd ly luan, ehung t a chii yg'u radi dflng lai d dinh hfldng ed ban, m a n g t i n h phac thao, chung chung. Ni vay, t u duy ly luan ve p h a t trien v a n hoa, xa hpi, con ngfldi, p h a t huy vai tro cua v a n hda trong p h a t t r i e n kinh te' eo bieu hien chfla tbeo kip, chfla phu hdp, chua chii dpng dap flng yeu cau, nhiem vu p h a t trign van hda trong dieu kien kinh te' t h i trudng dinh hUdng xa hpi chii nghia va hpi n h a p quo^c te'ciia da't nude.
Mpt so' nghien cflu cho r i n g , ddi v6i nhflng va'n de m6i tren, trong n h a n thflc ly luan cua chung ta chfla co ly giai that sy khoa hgc, mang tinh thuyet phuc. Vi dy, cac luan giai trong dinh hu6ng vg' chfle nang didu tiet, ve phat huy "sflc manb mem" cua van hoa; van boa va phat trien;
boa trong chfnh tri va trong kinh td; khai thac sflo T -• • I, fna van noa m a n h noi smh cui trong phat trien ben yUng, nhflng v & d e - v a n hoa trong d i l u kien bnngne thong tm;
van hoa nhan each, dao due, lo'i song.
P h a t trie'n van hoa d a n tpc dang diSn ra trong b6l canh mdi, vdi nhiing thdi cO va thach thiic mdi, can co n h u n g dinh hudng mdi ve p h a t trien van hda va liinh te trong giai doan dSy m a n h sU nghiSp doi mdi, ti'ch cUc, chu dong hoi n h a p quo'c te.
Tha hai, dinh hudng phat trien n h a n thUc ly l u a n ve van hda trong p h a t trien kinh te hi$n nay:
1- P h a t t r i e n t u duy If lu^n ve v a n hoa trong phat trien kinh t e phai giai quyg't mdi q u a n he giiia v a n hoa va kinh te - xa hoi vdi p h a t trien con ngudi. P h a t trien kinh t^
phai bao d a m gan ke't chat che vdi p h a t t r i e n v a n hda, thuc hien tie'n bo, cong bang xa hoi trong tiing budc va tflng chinh sach p h a t trien.
2- P h a t t r i e n t u duy 1^
luan ve van hda va p h a t trien kinh te - xa hoi can chii trong mdi quan he gifla van hda va chinh tri: chu trong xay dUng van hda trong Dang, the hien n h a n each, trinh do va n a n g luc l a n h dao, van hoa to chfle.
Lien quan de'n van hoa trong chinh tri theo nghia rong la van hoa dan chu, q u y 4 .^^^
hda.
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3- P h a t t r i 4 n tfl duy ly luan v^ v a n h d a t r o n g p h a t tri^n kinh tg' - xa hpi hfldng dg'n myc dich xay dflng con ngUdi Viet N a m vdi t u each la chu t h e sang tao, nha't la van hoa trong t h a n h , thie'u nien. Xay d y n g va p h a t triin cac gia t r i v a n hda gia dinh, iam ng'n t a n g d i u tien, q u a n t r o n g cho sfl phat tridn con ngfldi rapt each toan dien.
4- P h a t t r i l n tfl duy ly luan ve van hda trong p h a t trien kinh tg' - xa hpi c l n quan tam p h a t t r i e n cac gia tri van boa d6 t h i va v a n hoa lang, xa ndng t h d n trong qua trinh phat trign, nha't la trong giai doan c h u n g t a day manh eong nghipp hoa, hien dai hda, xay dUng ndng thdn mdi.
5- Phat trien tU duy ly luan ve dinh hUdng p h a t trien cac linh vUc van hda:
phat trien giao dye - dao tao, lien quan de'n ngudn n h a n lilc cha't lUdng cao; p h a t trien van hoc - nghe t h u a t dap flng nhu clu lanh m a n h cua n h a n dan; phat trien thong tin dai chiing di doi vdi quan ly to't;
phat trien nganh cdng nghiep van hda Viet N a m di ddi vdi xay dflng, h o a n t h i e n t h i tnidng van hoa.
6- Thflc hipn chie'n lUdc phat trien nganh cong nghigp van hda. Bdi day la nganh eo kha nang hpi t u dugc sflc nianh cua kinh te' va van hoa.
Phat tri^n cong nghigp v a n
hoa chfnh la thdi ed dg Viet Nara hpi n h a p quoc te', ehu dpng t h a r a gia p h a t t r i e n kinh te' tri thfle gan vdi khoa hgc - cdng n g h e Men dai, p h a t trign v a n boa gan vdi phat trien kinh te, thye hipn chfnh sach kinh tg' trong van hoa hien nay.
7~ D i n h hfldng n b i n tfl phfldng dien c h i n h sacb la va'n de c l n dfldc flu tien dac biet, de k h a e phyc sy raat can dd'i, khong ddng bp gifla p h a t t r i l n k i n h tg' va p h a t t r i e n v a n hda, gay can trd cho sy p h a t trien k i n h te' - xa hpi. Trfldc hg't, phai doi mdi ve n h a n thflc, t h e che', t h a y ddi q u a n nigra ve xay dflng cae giai p h a p ; nha't la t a p t r u n g t h y e h i e n cac giai p h a p m a n h de giai quye't nhflng va'n de dang bflc xuc:
eai each n e n giao due de dap flng ngudn n b a n lyc cho p h a t trien; xac lap raye tieu v a n hoa gan vdi myc tieu kinh tg' trong ddi radi; v a n boa trong cai each nen h a n h ehinh, van hda dao dfle, lo'i soiig (nha't la eho'ng thara nhung); lam cho v a n hda tha'm s a u vao tflng linb vye ciia ddi so'ng xa hpi, n a n g cao cha't lUdng ddi sd'ng t i n h t h i n eho ngfldi lao dpng (nha't la v u n g k h u eong nghiep va nong thon, mien nui); v a n hoa trong an sinh cua ddi sd'ng va giai quye't nhflng va'n de xa hpi bfle xuc dang dat ra; b a n linh trong ke' thfla gia t r i v a n boa truyen tho'ng va tie'p t h u eac
gia tri t i n h hoa v a n boa eua thdi dai...
Trong qua trinh xay dflng va thye hien cac giai phap phat trien van hoa, phai chu y nhieu hdn de'n nhflng linh vye v a n boa, nhflng h i n h thflc v a n hoa trflc tie'p tae dpng de'n kinh tg', de khac phyc sfl chfla ddng bp cua p h a t trien, nhU van hoa giao dye, van hoa khoa hgc - cdng nghe, van boa kinh doanh, van hda p h a p ly, v a n boa h a n h chinh, van boa dao dfle nghd nghipp, van hda giao thong, van hoa moi trudng...
Sy r a ddi ciia De citdng vi van hda Viet Nam nam 1943 da thye sy dera lai mpt bUdc tien mdi ve cha't so vdi cae phUdng phap tiep can dUdng thdi ve vi tri, tien do ciia ndn v a n hoa dan toe. Thye t i l n each mang Viet Nara, nha't la t h a n h t y u cua eong cupc ddi mdi trong hdn 30 nam qua da m i n h ehflng rang, nhflng quan dilm cua DiciiOngykn la nhflng gia tri nen tang co't loi, dinh hfldng cho sy nghiep xay dyng va phat trien van hoa, con ngfldi Viet Nam hdm nay. Trfldc nhflng yeu e i u mdi ciia da't nfl6c, can tig'p tyc bo sung, p h a t trien quan diem van boa va phat trien, phai lara cho van hda tha'm sau mgi linh vye cua ddi so'ng xa hpi, dac biet la van hoa trong kinh te', van hoa trong chfnh tri. I
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