NGHllN Ctru - PHATTRIEN Lt LUAN
PHAT TRIEN KINH TE SO - DIEM MGII TRONG DU THAO CAC VAN KIEN TRINH DAI HOI XIII CUA DANG
* PGS, TS LE QUOC LY HQC viin Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
• ThS LE QUOC Vi^n Lanh d<fo hgc va Chinh sdch cong.
Hoc vien Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
• T6m tat: Phat triin kinh teso, mgt trong nhOng khau dot phd quan trgng iephdt triin nen kinh te Viet Nam trong tinh hinh mdi, gop phdn lam gidm bdt khoang each tifthAu cua nen kinh te Viet Nam so vdi cdc nen kinh te tren the gidi. Dot mdi tti duy If ludn ve kinh tetronggiai dogn hiin nay chinh Id tap trung phdt triin mgnh me nen kinh tisS, diia nen kinh te Viet Nam thay doi ve chdt vd cd btidc nhay vgt trong tien trinh phdt triin mdi. DU thdo cdc vdn kien Dgi hgi XIU cua Ddng dd nhdn mgnh den phdt triin kinh tisS vd c6phiidnghtidngphdt triin mgnh me nin kinh tesotronggiai doan 2021-2030 Id mdt Ilia chgn sdng suot vd ddng dan, Id sii van dung mgt cdch sdng tgo chu nghia Mdc - Linin vdo thlic tiin phdt triin Viet Nam.
• Tii khda: kinh teso, nen kinh teso, ky thudt so, cong nghe sd, xdhgi so.
1 tl sfi la mpt khii niim mfii dupc bin canh tic truyin thfing, cong nghe lgc hiu. Nin din trong nhung nim gin diy trin thi kinh tl cong nghiep li nin kinh tl da dupc cfing
^oi va o Viet Nam. Trong dilu kiln Cich nghiep hoa manh ml, cfing ngiiiep chilm vi tri mang cfing ngiiiep 4.0 phat triln manh, kinh tl so quan trgng vol ty trpng Ion ttong nin kinh tl, mfi di thu hut sp chii y ciia nhilu quoc gia, ttong do hinh va phuong thtic san xuat da dua ttin nin cfi Viet Nara. Die biit, Hnh tl so di btmg nd khi tang cong nghiep, cong nghp cao li chlnh. Nin nhanh chfing ttong thoi ky bimg phat dai dich kinh tl cong nghiep di tao ra cacxa hgi phit niin COVID-19. Kinh t l sfi da vase mang lai rit nhieu vigiiuco. Tilp theo do li nin kinh t l tri thiic, 6 dilm moi, lam thay dfii cin ban ve chit dfii song do tri thiic ciia con nguoi tto thinh luc lugng sin kinh tl - xi hgi cila nhilu nuoc va toan the gioi. xuat chu ylu trong nin kinh tl. Tri thiic li tim Kinh tlnfingnghilplinlnkinhtechilyeu dua dilm tao ra cua cai choxa hfii vi nin kinh tl chii ttfin phit ttiln nfing nghiip la chinh, diu nhip ylu dua vio ni diiic. Hon nua, kinh tl tii tiiiic li cua xi hfii cin bin dua vio nfing nghiip vol su mptnenkinhtecfingnghlcao, sii dung chit xim
LYLUANCHlNHTR|-S«7/2020
NGHltN CtfU - PHAT VatH LY LUAN
trong mgi linh vpc vi liy nl thiic lim dpng lpc, cfing cp phpc vp cho mpl hoat dfing kinh tl si bfii EXS vfii Vi|t Nam, CNH, HDH gin vfii kinh tl tri thlic (li vi dang trong qui ttinh vi dl trfilhinh mpt nuoc cfing nghiip flieo hufing hi$n d?i vin dang li mpc tieu phin diu. Nhu viy, chuyen tir nin kinh tl nfing nghipp sang nin kinh tl cfing nghiip cfi thi nfii li mfit su thay dfii cin bin vl chit, khfing hi dl ding vi nhanh chfing. Hon nua, dl trfi thinh nin kinh tl cfing nghiip hipn dji vi tu dfi trfi thinh nin kinh tl tti thiic, li sp biln dfii cao hon hin vl chit ttIn mpi mit so vfii trufic day l?i cing khfing hi dl ding vi nhanh chfing, mi cin sp nfi lpc cua ci nin kinh tivi thoi gian du dii Tuy nhiln, qui trinh phit triln cua nin kinh tl khfing di theo cic binic trinh tt;, cii niyxongmfiidlnciitilptheo.khfingphiiciicii xong mfii tiln hinh cii mfii, ma cfi thi bfi qua mfit sfi khiu I9C hiu, tilp cin thing den cfing ngh| cao niu cfi dii nhan Ipc vi cfing ngh?. Cfi thi tiln hinh theo trinh tt^xen ke, dan xen, chua thi dfii mfii dupc tit ci thi cfi thi dfii mfii mgt phin, phit triln 6 nhung khau cfi dilu kiln, dot phi fi mfitsfikhaucfithi tiln hanh ngay, lrong mfit sfi nganh cfing nghiip, cong ngh? cao, trong nliieu hogt dfing dichvp, cting nhucfithldithingdin phitoiln nfing nghiip cfing nghi cao, khfing can phii tuin Uj cfing nghiip hoa nfing nghiip mfii din nfing nghiip cfing ngh? cao... dl dSn dit cic khaukhic phit trilntilp theo.
Cich mang cong nghi$p 4.0 da mfi ra co hpi phit triln mfii cho cic nin kinh tl ttong do cfi Vipt Nam. Mic dii Vi?t Nam dang ttong qui trinh phin diu CNH, HDH dit nuoc gin vfii phit tiiin kinh timthucdlsfimtrfi thinh mpt nufic cong nghiep iiiln dai va bin canh do phin diu din ttfi thanh nin kinh tl tri thiic. Trong thfii dilm hiln nay, khi thfii ca xuit hiln vi cic dilu kipn chin mufii, die biet, ttong dai dich
COVID-19, ci thigifii dang diay dfii tiii Vi|t Nam cQng phii thay dfii va duch tmg vfii tinh hinh mfii. Knh tl sfi di vi dang ttfi fliinh ciiu cinh cho nhilu nin kinh tl, ttong do cfi Vi$t Nam.
Thpc tl di chiing minh Vi$t Nam cfi thi tien hinh ngay, tiln hanh mpnh m6 phit ttiln nin kinh tl sfi D?il d(ch COVID-19 di fliuc diy m?nh me nin kinh tl Viet Nam ip dpng ky thuat sfi vio ttong quin ly vi dilu hinh cic hogt dpng kinh tl - xi hfii. Ky tiiuit sfi hipn nay di ad diinh ciiu cinh ttong hopt dfing cua dai da sfi cic ci nhin, tfi chuc, doanh nghiip vi ci nhi nufic ti«n nhilu linh vpc. Nin kinh te sfi di va dang timg bufic dupc hinh tiiinh mfit cich khich quan, do yeu ciu titylu cila cufic sfing khfing cfin phu thuOc vio y chi chu quan cua mpt hay vii ci nhin.
Kinh tl sfi li nin Knh tl dupc vin hanh chu ylu dpa ttln cfing nghi sfi vol cic giao dich di|n tii dupc tiln hinh flifing qua intemet Cic mfi hinh tfi chtic vi phuong thirc hopt dfing cua nin kinh tl so diu d\fa ttln co sfi iing dpng cfing nghp sfi dang dupc hinh thanh va hoat dfing hi|u qui.
Qua thuc tl cho thay, kinh t l sfi cho phep khfing han chl a mfit linh vuc, mfit nginh, mfit dia phuong riing bipt nio mi cfi thi phit triln kinh tl so ttln tit ci cic linh vuc va toin nen kinh t l (cong nghiip, nfing nghi$p, dich vp; sin xuit, phan phoi, luu thfing hing boa, giao thfing vpn tii, logistic, tai chlnh ngan hing,...) mi cfing nghe sfi dupc ap dung.
Trong thoi gian vita qua, cic ci nhin, cic tfi chuc kinh doanh, cic doanh nghipp, cic co sfi dich vu, cic don vi hinh chinh sp nghi|p, co quan hinh chinh nha nufic, cic vipn nghien oiu, cac truong hgc... da rft tich cue vin dung kinh tl sfi vio ttong hoat dfing ciia minh. Giao dich vi hfii nghi true tuyln, kinh doanh tir xa, kinh doanh sfi, tiianh toin khong dung tiln mit, tihn 03 siic kbfie, khim chua binhtuxa... di duoc ip
1»LUANCH|NHTRI-5O7/2020
dyng va v ^ hanh khd thdnh cdng. Nhilu Robots, cdc mdy mdc, thilt bity ddng hogt dOng tiixa trudc dp lycphdngdich COVID-19 dd dugc sdn xudt dl dua vao thyc tiln phyc vy cho khdm chiia b§nh, cdch Iy bgnh nhan, van chuyin cdc hang hda thilt bj din cho ngudi binh, hd ttay, bdc sy khdng cdn phdi tilp xuc tryc tilp vdi benh nhdn. Hi$u qud ciia nin kinh t l sd khdng cdn Id xa vdi, bdng kit qua thyc t l ttong hon 3 thang chdng dgi djch COVID-19 da chirng minh sinh dOng vd trd ldi rdt cy thi sy cdn thilt phdi phat triln nhanh nin kinh tl sd.
Nhilu ling dyng cdng n ^ l sd dugc iing dung mgnh ml va rOng rai ttong nhiing thdng gdn day d tten thi gidi vd cd dVi^t Nam dd va dang minh chiing mOt dilu vl ti$n ich cda cdng ngh| ndy va khd ndng cua Yi^t Nam khi phdt triln nin kinh t l sd trong thye tiln. Hign nay, chiing ta cd thi di ddng bdt gdp nhiing hogt ddng cua cdng nghe sd xudt hiln d mpi noi ttong ddi sdng ciia xa hdi, nhu d cdc ttang thuang mai dien ti>, cdc quang cdo tryc tuyln, cdc iing dyng vl dn udng, van chuyen, giao nh^, mua bdn, hOi nghi, gidng bdi, khdm chiia b|nh... tdt cd diu dugc tich hpp cdng nghe sdvd dang ddp ung ngdy mdt thuan tien hon nhu cdu ciia ngudi daiL IQnh t l sd da cd nhieu ddng gdp thilt thye trang sy hOi nhap cua eac doanh n ^ l p \^lt Nam vao chudi cdng n ^ e todn cdu, eung nhu giiip cho sy dilu hanh cua CMih phii dupc thugn Ipi nhdt. Nhung diin dan hdi nghi qudc tl, ttong nudc da va dang dugc td chiic tryc tuyln mOt cdch higu qud ttong thdi gian vua qua, gdp phdn quan trgng bdo dam hogt ddng ttong nudc va qudc tl dugc diin ra mdt each thuan lgi, thdng sudt nhdt, khdng hi dung, gidn dogn va ciing tranh dupe sy lay nhiim cda COVID-19.
Sy dp dyng chinh phi diin tii, chinh phii sd da gdp phan quan trpng tiiuc day va hd ttg cho nin kmh t l sd dupc phdt triln mgnh. Qua dai
d|ch COVID-19, nhan thiic eua eon ngirdi dd va dang thay ddi. Con ngudi dang tiing bude van dyng ky thuat sd vao ttong mgi mdt hogt dOng kinh te, ehinh tri, van hda va xa hOi ciia minh.
Ngay din viec truyin giao ciing da timg hudc dupe ddi mdi tu tryc tilp sang gidn tilp (true tuyln) va dd cho thdy higu qud.
Dy thdo vdn kiln Dgi hdi XUI cua Ddng da cd nhilu chd neu din phdt triln nin kinh tl sd, phdt tiiin kinh tl sd, ky thugt sd... chirng td tu duy vd nhan thlic ciia Ddng ta rdt coi ttgng kinh tl sd. Dy thdo Bdo cdo chinh tri cua Dai hOi XIU ghi: "Bdo ddm dn dinh kinh tl VI md, ddi mdi mgnh me md hinh tdng trudng, co cdu lai nin kinh tl, hi§n dgi hda ddt nudc gdn vdi tOng bude phit triSn kinh tS sd, dya chii yeu vao nin tdng khoa hpc vd cdng nghe, ddi mdi sdng tao, ngudn nhan lyc chdt lupng cao, nang cao ndng sudt, chdt lugng, hi$u qua va siic cgnh tranh ciia nin kmh tl""*.
Day la mOt dmh hudng phdt triln ddt nudc ttong giai dogn mdi khd phu hgp vd diing ddn.
Tuy nhien, chiing tdi cho rdng nen thay tCi "tung budd' phdt triln kinh tl sd thdnh "diy manh"
phat trien kinh tl sd, thi hien chiing ta khdng cdn de dit, lung eh Ong phat triln kinh tl sd, md dutkhoit, tin tudngva quyet tim manh meph&t driln kinh tl sd. Thyc tl cho thdy, phdt triln kinh te sd la khd va cdn cd thdi gian, nhung eiing cho thay mdt dilu la phdt trien kinh te sd la con dudng duy nhdt diing de Viet Nam cd thi biit phd di len, rut ngdn khoang cdch tut hau so vdi cac nudc. Hon niia thdi gian vira qua ciing mmh chirng mdt dilu la, Viet Nam cd thi dp dung manh me ky thugt sd vdo ttong nin kinh t l va hoan toan cd kha ndng phdt triln manh kinh tl sd ttong didi gian gdn nhat
Chiing tdi danh gid cao dinh hudng phdt triln dat nudc "tilp tyc day manh cdng nghigp hda, hien dai hda tten nin tang ciia tiln bd khoa hgc,
LYLUANCHfNHTR!-Sei7/2020
NGHllN COfU - PHATTR|£N Vi LUAN
trong mgi llnh viic vi liy tti diuc lim dgng luc, cfing ep phpc vp cho mgi hgat dpng kinh tl xi hfii Dfii vfiiVi^t Nam, CNH, HDH gin vfii kinh tl 01 thuc di vi dang trong qui ttinh va dl ttfitiiinh mfit nufic cfing nghipp theo hufing hi|n dgi vin dang li mpc tiiu phin diu. Nhu viy, chuyin tii nin kinh tl nfing nghi$p sang nin kinh tl cfing nghiip cfi till nfii li mfit sp diay dfii ein bin vl chit, khfing hi dl ding vi nhanh chfing Hon niia, dl trfi thinh nin kinh tl efing nghiip hipn dpi vi tir dfi tifi thinh nin kinh tl tri thiic li sp biln dfii eao hon hin vl chit tien mpi mit so vfii trufic diy lpi cing khfing hi dl ding vi nhanh chfing, mi cin sp nfi lpc ciia ci nin kinh tl vi thfii gian dll diL Tuy nhiln, qui ttinh phit triln cua nin kinh tl khfing di theo cic bufic ttinh tp, cii niy xong mfii din cii tilp theo, khfing phii cii cu xong mfii tiln hinh eii mfii, mi efi thi bfi qua mfit sfi khiu lpc hiu, tilp cin thing din efing ngh| cao niu cfi dll nhin Ipc vi cfing ngh|. (^ thi tiln hinh theo trinh tp xen kl, dan xen, chua thi dfii mfii dugc tit ci dii cfi flil dfii mfii mfit phin, phit triln fi nhiing khau cfi dilu kiOn, dfit phi fi mfit sfi khiu cfi thi tiln hanh ngay, trong mfit sfi nginh cfing nghiip, cfing ngh§ cao, trong nhilu hopt dfing dleh vp, cOng nhu cfi thi di thing din phit triln nfing nghiip cfing ngh| cao, khfing cin phii tuin tp efing n ^ | p hfia nfing nghiip mfii din nfing nghiip cfing ngh| cao... dl din dit cic khiu khic phit niin tilp dieo.
Cich mpng cfing nghi&p 4.0 di mfi ra co hpi phit tiiin mfii eho cic nin kinh tl ttong dfi efi Vi|t Nam. Mic du Vipt Nam dang trong qui ttinh phin diu CNH, HDH dit nufic gin vfii phit triln kinh tl tri ttiuc dl sfim tro fliinh mgt ninic efing nghipp hipn dpi vi bin eanh dfi phin diu din 0* thinh nin kinh tl tri thtic. Trong thfii dilm bipn nay, khi thoi co xuit hiln vi cie dilu kipn ciiln mufii, die bi|t, ttong dai dich
COVID-19, ci till gfli dang fliay dfii till Vipt Nam eiing phii thay dfii vi thich ling vfii tinh hinh moi. Kinh tl sfi di vi dang ttfi thinh ciiu einh eho nhilu nin kinh tl, ttong dfi cfi Vift Nam.
Thpc tl di chiing minh Vi|t Nam cfi thi tiln hinh ngay, tiln hinh mpnh ml phit tiiin nin kinh tl sfi Dpi dich COVID-19 di tiiiic diy mpnh mi nin kinh tl Vl|t Nam ip dpng kJ fliupt sfi vio ttong quin ly vi dilu hinh cic hopt dfing kinh tl - xi hpi. Kf thuit sfi hipn nay di tta thinh ciiu cinh ttonghoptdfingciiadpidasfieiccinhin, tfi chuc, doanh n ^ | p vi ci nhi nufic ttln nhilu linh vuc. Nin kinh tl sfi di vi dang timg bufirc dupc hinh thinh mfit cich khich quan, do yeu ciu tit ylu eiia cufic sSng, khfing cfln phu thufic vio f ehi chil quan cua mfit hay vii ei rfliin.
Kinh tl sfi li nin kinh tl dupc van hanh chu ylu dua tifin cfing ngh| sfi vfii cic giao dich di|n til dupe tiln hinh flifing qua intemet Cic mfi hinh tfi chiic vi phuong ttiiic hopt dpng cua nin kinh tl sfi diu dpa ttln co sfi ung dung cfing ngh| sfi dang dupc hinh fliinh vi hopt dfing hipu qui.
Qua flipc ticho tiiiy, kinh tl sfi cho phip khfing hpn chl ft mfit linh vpc, mfit nginh, mfit dia phuongrilngbiltnio mi cfi flilphit ttiln kinh t l sfi ttin tit ci cic llnh vpc vi toin nin kinh t l (cfing ngbiep, nfing nghiip, dich vu; sin xuit, phin phfii, luu flifing hing hfia, giao flifing van tii, logistic, tii chlnh ngin hing,...) ma cflng nghi sfi dupc ip dpng.
Trong tiifii gian viia qua, cic ci nhan, cic tfi chirc kinh doanh, cic doanh nghi|p, c^c co sfi dich vp, eic don vj hinh chinh su nghiep, co quan hinh chinh nhinu6e,cicvi|n nghiin ciiu cic ttufing hpc... di rit tich cue vin dung kinh tl sfi vio ttong boat dpng cua rainh. Giao dich vi hfii nghj Ovc tuyln, kinh doanh tir xa, kinh doanh sfi, flianhtoinkhfingdungtiln mit,kjjm tra siic khflc, khim chiia bpnh til xa... di duoc in
dpng vi vin hinh khi thinh efing. Nhieu Robots, cic miy moc, thilt bl tp dgng boat dpng tirxa nuoc ip lpc phfing dich COVID-19 di dupc sin xuit dl dua vio thpc tiln phuc vu cho khim chua benh, eich ly b|nh nhin, van chuyin cic hing hfia thilt hi din eho ngufii benh, hfi ttg y, bicsykhfingcinphiitilpxiic true tiep vfii benh nhin. Hiiu qui cila nin kinh t l sfi khfing con li xa voi, bing kit qui tiipc t l ttong hon 3 tiling chfing dgi djch COVID-19 da ehiing minh sinh dOng vi tti Ifii rit cu thi su cin tWIt phai phit triln nhanh nin kinh t l sfi.
Nhilu ling dung efing nghi sfl dupc ting dung manh ml vi rOng rii ttong nhiing tiling gin diy ft mn thi gifii vi ei ft Vift Nam di vi dang minh chiing mgt dilu vl ti|n icheuacflngnghp nay vi khi ning cfia ifllt Nam khi phit tiiin nen Mnh tl sfi ttong thpc tiln. Hiln nay, chting ta co thi dl ding bit gip nhting boat dfing cila cfing nghe sfl xuithiln ftmgi noi ttong dfii sflng ciia xa hfii, nhu ft cic tiang thuang mpi di|n tu, cie quang eio trac tuyln, cic lingdung viin uong win chuyin, giao nhpn, mua bin, hgi nghi, giing bii, khim chira binh... tit ci diu duoc tich hgp cflng nghe si vi dang dip ting ngay mfit thupntiln ban nhu ciu ciia ngufii din. Kinh t l so di co nhilu dfing gop thilt fliuc ttong su hgi nhip cua cie doanh n ^ l p ^^pt Nam vio chufii cflng nghi toan can, cOng nhu gllip cho su dilu hinh cua Chinh phu dirge thupn lpi nhit. Nhiing diin din hfli nghi qufic H, trong nuoc da va dang dugc to chitc true tuyln mfit cieh lii|u qui ttong thai gian vira qua, gip phin quan ttgng bao dim boat dflng ttong nuic vi quoc tl dupc diin ra mflt cich thuan loi, thfing sufit nhit, khflng bi dimg, giin doan vi cing ttinh dupc spliy nhiim eiia COVID-19.
Sp ip dung chinh phii di|n tii, chinh phu sfi da gop phin quan ttgng tiiuc day vi ho tip cho nin kinh tl sfi dupc phit Oien manh. Qua dai
dich COVID-19, nhan diiic cua con ngufii di vi dang diay dfii. Con nguoi dang titng bufirc van dpng ky fliuit so vao ttong mpi mit hopt dpng kinh tl, chinh tn, van hfia vi xa hpi cua minh.
Ngay din vi|e truyen giio ciing di tung bufirc dupc dfli mfii til tiruc tilp sang giin tilp (ti%rc tuyln) vi di cho diiy hieu qui.
Du Alio vin kien Dal hpi xm cua Ding di cfi nhilu ch6 niu din phit tiiin nin kinh tl sfi, phit ttiln kinh tl sfi, ky fliupt sfl... chung tfi hi duy vi nhpn thlic ciiaDangta rat coi ttgng kinh tl sfi. Dp fliio Bio cio chinh tti eua Dpi hfii XIII ghi: "Bio dim fin dinh kinh tivi mfi, dfii mfii mpnh ml mfi hinh ting tiirftng co ciu lai nin kinh tl, hi|n dpi hfia dit nuflc gin vfii (ling buficpAit Wfli Janh tif so, dua chu ylu vio nin tang khoa hpc vi efing nghp, dfii moi sing tao, nguSn nhin lpc chit lupng cao, ning cao ning suit, chit lupng, hl|u qui va siic canh tianh cua nin kinh tl"'".
Diy la mpt dinh huong phat triln dit nuflc ttong giai doan mfii khi phu hop vi dfing din.
Tuy nhiln, chung tfii cho ring nin thay tu "hing hudtf phit triln kinh t l sfi thinh "diym^nh"
phit triln kinh t l sfi, thi hiln chiing ta khfing cfln de dit, Iimgchiingphat trien kinh tl sfi, mi dutlfhoit, tin tudngva quy^t tam manh mephit triln kinh te sfi. Thuc t l cho thiy, phit tiiin kinh tl so li kho vieineothoigian, nhung ciing cho thiy mpt dilu li phit trien kinh t l sfi la con dufirng duy nhat dting de Viet Nam efi thi but phi di lin, nit ngin khoang each tut hau so vfii eic nufic. Hon niia thoi gian vira qua eilng minh chtrng mgt dilu li, Viet Nam cfl thi ip dung manh me ky thuat sfi vao ttong nin kinh t l vi hoin toin co kha ning phit triln manh kinh tl so ttong thoi gian gin nhat
Chung toi dinh gii eao dinh hufing phit Oiln dit nuoc "tilp tiJc day manh cfing nghi|p hfia, hiln dai hfia ttln nin tang eua tiln bfi khoa hge.
iviiiAu rufuuTRi Cn7nn?n
IL
NGHltN COfU - P H A T T R I & I LY LUANcfing ngjip vi dfii mfli dn bin" cfi ghi:"... diy mpnh chuyin dfii sang cfing n ^ | sfi...".
Dp Alio Chiin lupc phit triln kinh tl - xi hgi 2021-2030 ciing gjii: "Phii dfii mfii nr duy vi hinh dfing chu dgng tieh cpc tiiam gia Cufic cich mpng cfing nghiip lin thu tu gin vfii qui trinh hfii nhpp qufie tl, nim bit kjp thfii, tin dvmg hi|u qui eic eo hfii dl phit triin kinh tf sd, xi hOi sd...""'. Diy la quan dilm khi ro net, cp thi. Nhung theo chting toi khfing nen ghi ii
"tin difng hifu qui cic co hfii" dl phit diin kinh tlsfi,xihfiisfiminlnthlhi|nquandilm rfi ring mpnh mi htm li phil trifn manh me kinh tl sfi, xi hfii sfi trong muoi nim tfii.
Vfii chi tieu dl ra trong dp thio Chiin luge phit ttiln kinh tl - xi hfii din nim 2030, kinh tl sfi dpt khoing 30% GDP, diy li con sfi khi chic chin, tuy nhiln theo ehung tfii efi thi cao horn,
"kinh tl sfi dpt khoing 45-50% GDP", dl till hi|n quyit tim ehiing ta chuyin hufirng mgnh ml sangphittriln nin kinh tl sfi vi ciing chi efi nhu viy din nim 2030, Vipt Nam "trfi diinh nufic cfing nghiip theo huflng hi|n dgi, thufic nhfim ttln cila eie nufic cfi thu nhgp tiimg binh cao".
Dfit phi thii3 trong ba dfit phi chlln lupc cua Chi&ilupc phit triln kinh tl-xihfii 2021-2030 cfl ghi: "tgo nin ting phit triln kinh t€sd, xa hfii sfi"
la phil hgp. Tuy nhiln, fidiy mfli nhin manh d&i ylu tfi tpo nlh ling dl phit ttiln kinh tl sfi vi xa hfii sfi mi chtra neu rfi quydt tam phit triln nin kinh tl sfi. Do dfi, chung tfii de nghi nin ghi fliem vio dfit phi chiin lupc thu nhit cum tir "day m$nh phit tridn ndn kinh tdsff. Cp till li;"...
npng tim la thi tiufing cic ylu to sin xuit, nhit li thj ttufing sit dpng dit, khoa hpe, cfing ngh|. Huy dfing sir dpng cic ngufin lpc thuc hipn tfieocochi dij ttufing.."'''nin viit diinh;"... dnjng tam li ttii ttufing cie ylu tfi sin xuit, nhit li tiii oirfing sii dpng dit, khoa hpc cflng n^p. Huy dfing, sir
dpng cic ngufin lpc flipc hipn flieo ca chl tiij mrong Diym^ phit tridn nfn kinh tdsd...".
Thpc tl cho diiy, vifc chuyin dfii sang nin kinh tl sfi 6 Vipt Nam cin cfi nhung dilu kipn cin ttiilt vl till chl, bp miy flipc hi|n vi eic ngufin Ipc dl tiiin khai cic dfit phi chiin lupc.
Cin coi sfi hfia nen kinh tl li dfing Ipc die biet quan ttpng vi chii ylu cho mfi hinh ting trufing kinh tl mfii, vi di liln vfii do cin phii diilt lip sfim, diy du vi dfing bfi cic dilu ki|n vl till chl, bfi miy tiipc hi|n, mfii tnrong kinh doanh, cic ngufin Ipc vi con ngufii dl nin kinh tl sfi cfl thi phit triln nhanh. Dl sfi hfia nin kinh tl flianh cfing, chit lupng bfi miy quin tti qufic gia li mpt tixing nhung ylu tfi then chfit, cfi y nghia quyit dinh trin bfin ngi dung (i) suhfi tip liu dil cua Nhi nufic vl mit chfnh sich; (ii) tim nhin cua linh dgo qufic gia; (iii) sp dim bio mfii trufing an ninh cho sfi hfia nin kinh tl; (iv) su fin dinh dfii vfiri phit tiiin nin kinh tl sfi ttong dii han.
Trong du thio Chiin lupc phit ttiln kinh tl - xa hfii 2021-2030, ttong phin phuang hufing nhiim vp, giii phip phit niin kinh tl - xi hgi di chi rfi: "D3y mgnh xiy dpng chlnh phil diin ti phpc vp kjp tiifii, hi|u qui cho phit niin kinh tl - xi hgi vi dfii sfing nhin dan. Thpc hien chuydn ddi sif qufic gia mgt cieh toin dipn dl phit ttiln tinh tffsfixa hpi sfi"'".
Theo dfl, cin cii tiiien mgnh ml nhiing dilm tfin tgi eiig bg miy quin tii qufic gia ciia Viit Nam dl cfi thi dip ung dtrpc nhirng dilu kien mfii cua chuyin dfii nin kinh tl sang nin kinh tl sfi va sfi hfia cua nin kinh tl. Thtrc te, su fin dinh vl mit chinh tii la mgt dilu kipn tot dl sfi hfia nin kmh tl. Ding vi Cbinh phil Vif t Nam di cfi nhilu cfi ging dl cii fliipn hipu qui hogt dfing cug minh vi dang dupc cii fliifn rfi nit nong horn 3 fliing dgi dieh COVID-19 vira qua linh vpc cin dupe chu npng hifn ngy ttong cic
khia cgnh qudn tri qudc gia Id trdch nhiem gidi trinh va gia tdng tiing ndi ciia ngudi dan ttong qud ttinh hogch dinh chinh sdch cua nha nudc'^.
Trong dy thdo Chiin lupc phdt trien kmh t l - xd hpi 2021-2030, cd ghi: "Phdt Oiln manh khoa hpc, cdng ngh| va ddi mdi sang tgo, lay doanh nghi&p ldm trung tdm; thiic day phdt triln md hinh kinh doanh mdi, kinh tis6, xa hdi sd"..."'^'.
Dilu nay la diing ddn vd thyc t l cho thdy md hinh kinh doanh mdi da va dang dupc hinh thdnh d Vi^t Nam. Theo bdo cdo mdi nhdt cua Ngan hdng dil gidi, ndm 2018 Vilt Nam xip hang thil 69/193 nin kinh tl vl sy thugn Ipi ciia mdi tnrdng kinh doanh, day la sy tut bgc so vdi ndm 2017. Nam 2017, Viet Nam dd tdng dugc 14 bdc so vdi ndm 2016, tir hgng 82 len hgng 68. Vile tyt hang vl mdi tnidng kinh doanh thugn lpi ed nguyen nhdn do Viet Nam chua giii dupc dd ddi mdi cdc thdnh phdn cdu thanh mdi tiudng kinh doanh thugn lpi. Viet Nam mdi tdng dupc dilm cda bdn chi sd: khdi su kinh doanh, tiep can dien ndng, ddng ky tai san va gidi quyet ttanh chdp hpp ddng. Trong khi dd, sau thdnh td cdn lai bi gidm dilm: cdp phip xay dyng, tilp can tin dung,
bao ve nha dau tu, nop thul, giao dich thuong mgi qua bien gidi, giai quyit phd san. Trong sd cdc thanh phdn tang diem, cd hai thanh phdn cd y ng^a quan ttpng ddi vdi sd hda nen kinh tl la khdi su kinh doanh va tiep can dien ndng. Sd hda nin kinh tlva khdi n|^ep sdng tao can cd kit ndi intemet dn dinh va ngudn dien tdt dl van hanh he thdng mdy chii ciing nhu nin tang chia s6 <Xu hiu tten internet Sy cdi thien the hiln nhung cd gdng cua Chinh phii ttong xdy dyng mgt nen tang dn dmh cho tdng trudng va phdt triln kinh t l ndi chung, cho sd hda nin kinh t l va khdi nghigp sdng tao ndi rieng.
MOt dilm mdi so vdi trudc day la ttong du thao Chiin luge phdt triln kinh tl - xd hpi 2021- 2030 da chi ro: "Ddi mdi manh me... tap trung nghiin cim, iing dyng cdng nghg loi, c6ngngh$
sd'^. Day Id mdt ttong nhung khau quan ttgng dl nin kinh t l sd cd thi hinh thdnh va phdt triln.
Dl nin kinh t l sd cd thi hinh thdnh va phdt trien, mOt ylu td vd cimg quan ttgng la phdt triln ngudn nhan luc, dac bigt la ngudn nhan lye chdt lugng cao. Sd Ueu thdng kl vl chi sd HDI cho thdy, Viet Nam hien dang thuOc nhdm trung Hinh 1. xip hang moi tru^g kinh doanh ciia Vift Nam giai doan 2008 - 2018
98 98 %_
91
Ngudn: Ngdn hang thi gidi
LyLUANCHfNHTRI-S67/2020
IL
NGHltN ClJfU - PHATTRIEN L* LUAN cfing nghp vi dfii mfii cin bin" co ghi:"... diy mgnh chuyin dfii sang cfing nghp sfi...".Dp diio Chiin lupc phit niin Unh tl - xi hfii 2021-2030 cung ghi: "Phii dfii moi nr duy va hinh dfing chii dfing ti'ch cpc tham gia Cufic cich mgng cfing nghiip lin thii tu gin vfti qui trinh hfii nhgp qufic tl, nim bit kip tiifii, tin dpng hi|u qui eic ca hfii dl phit tridn kinh Id sd, xi hdi sd...""'. Diy li quan dilm kha rfi nit.
cp thi. Nhung theo chiing tfii khfing nin ghi li
"tin dvng hi|u qui cic co hfii" dl phit nlln kinh tl sfi, xi hfii sfi mi nin thi hi|n quan dilm rfi ring mgnh ml hon li phit tridn manh mi kinh tl sfi, xi hfii sfi trong mufii nim tfii.
Vfii chi tiiu dl ra ttong dp thio Chiin lupc phit ttiln kinh tl - xi hfii din nim 2030, kinh tl sfi dgt khoing 30% GDP, diy la con sfi khi chic chin, tuy nhiln theo chiing tfii cfi thi cao ban,
"kinh tisfidgt khoing45-50% GDP", dl till hipn quyit tim chung ta chuyin hufing mgnh mi sangphittrilnnin kinh tisfivieungchicfinhu viy din nim 2030, Vi|t Nam "ttfi tiiinh nuoc cfing nghiip tiieo hufing hipn dgi, thufic nhfim ttln ciia cic nufic efi thu nhip oimg binh cao".
Dfit phi thii 3 tixing ba dfit phi chiin lupc aia Chiin lupc phittiiln kinh tl-xahfii 2021-2030 cfi ghi: "tgo nin ting phit triln kinb tdsd, xi hdi sff"
li phit hpp. Tuy nhiln, ft diy moi nhin mgnh din ylu tfi tgo ndn tingdi phit diin kinh tl sfi va xi hfii sfi mi ehua niu rfi quydt tim phit triln nin kinh tl sfi. Do dfi, ehung tfii de nghi nen ghi tiiem vao dfit phi chiin lupc thii nhit cpm tir "diy m^ phit tridn ndn kinh tdsS'. Cp till la;"...
trpng tim li thi tnrong eie ylu tfi sin xuit, nhit li di( ttufing su dpng dit. khoa hpc efing nghp. Huy dfing, sir dpng cic ngufin Ipc thpc hipn flieo eoehl fll) ttufing..."'" nin viit fliinh:"... trong tim li flii ttufing eic ylu tfi sin xuit, nhit la thi tniong su dpng dit, khoa hgc cfing nghp. Huy dfing sii
dpng cic ngufin Ipc thuc hifn theo ca chl thi mxmg. Diy manh phit tridn ndn Idnh tesd...".
Thpc tl cho tiiiy, vifc chuyin dfii sang nin kinh tl sfi ft Vift Nam cin cfi nhiing dilu kiln cin tiiilt vl till chl, bg miy tiipc hifn vi cie ngufin Ipc dl triln khai cic dfit phi chiin lirgrc.
Cin coi sfi hfia nin kinh tl li dong luc die bift quan trong vi chil ylu cho mfi hinh ting trufing kinh tl mfli, va di liln voi dfi cin phii thilt lgp sfim, diy dCi vi dfing bfi cic dilu kifn vl till chl, bfi miy thpc hifn, mfii tiudng kmh doanh, cic ngufin Ipc vi con ngufiri dl nin kmh tl sfi cfl thi phit niin nhanh. Dl sfi hfia nin kinh tl thinh efing chit lupng bfimiyquintrtquflegialimfit trong nhung ylu tfi then chfit, cfi y nghia quyit dinh tiln bfin nfii dung (i) sp hfi ttg liu dii cila Nhi nufic vl mit chinh sich: (ii) tim nhin cua linh dgo qufic gia; (iii) sp dim bio mfii ttudng an ninh cho sfi hfia nin kinh tl; (iv) sp fin dinh dfii vfii phit niin nin kinh tl sfi ttong dii hgn.
Trong dp thio Chiin lupc phit triln kinh tl - xi hfii 2021-2030, trong phin phuang hufing nhiim vp, giii phip phit ttiln kinh tl - xa hgi di chi ro: "Diy manh xiy dung chinh phu di$n tu phpc vp kip flioi, hif u qua cho phat ttiln kinh tl - xi hfii vi doi sfing nhin dan. Thuc hifn chuydn ddisdqudc gia mfit cich loan difn de phit ttiln kinh tSsd, xi hdi sS""'.
Theo dfi, cin cai tiiien manh me nhimg dilm tfin tgi cila bfi miy quan tti quoc gia cua Viit Nam dl cfi the dip ung dupc nhiing dilu kifn mfii cua chuyin dfii nin kinh tl sang nen kinh te sfi va so hfia cua nin kinh tl. Thpc tl, sp fin dmh vl mit chinh ni li mgt dieu kifn tot de so hfia nin kiifli te. Ding vi Chinh phii Vift Nam da cfi nhilu cfi ging dl cii fliif n hifu qui hoat dfing cua minh va dang dupc cii fliifn rfi net ttong hon 3 fliing dgi dieh COVID-19 vira qua.
Linh vpc ein dugc chu upng hifn ngy nong cic
khia canh qudn trj qudc gia la trdch nhiem giai dinh vd gia tdng tiing ndi cua ngudi dan ttong qud trinh hogch djnh chinh sdch ciia nha nudc'^.
Trong dy thdo Chiin lupc phdt triln kinh te - xa hOi 2021-2030, cd ghi: "Phdt triln manh khoa hpe, cdng nghg vd ddi mdi sdng tao, Idy doanh nghiip ldm trung tdm; thiic day phdt triln md hinh kinh doanh mdi, kinh tisd, xa hoi so..."'®.
Dilu nay Id diing ddn va thyc te eho thay md hinh kinh doanh mdi da va dang dupc hinh thanh dVigt Nam. Theo bdo cdo mdi nhdt cua Ngan hang thi gidi, ndm 2018 Viet Nam xep hang thu 69/193 nin kinh tl vl sy thugn lpi ciia mdi tnrdng kinh doanh, day Id sy tut bdc so vdi ndm 2017. Ndm 2017, Vi^t Nam da tdng dugc 14 bac so vdi ndm 2016, tit hang 82 Iln hang 68. Vile tut hgng vl mdi trudng kinh doanh thugn lpi cd nguyin nhdn do Vi^t Nam chua giu dupe da ddi mdi cdc thdnh phdn cdu thdnh mdi tnidng kinh doanh thugn lgi. Vigt Nam mdi tdng dupc dilm ciia bdn chi sd: khdi sy kinh doanh, tilp can dien ndng, ddng ky tdi sdn va gidi quyit tranh chap hgp ddng. Trong khi do, sau thdnh td cdn Igi hi gidm dilm: cdp phep xay dung, tiep can tin dung,
bao vl nha dau tu, nOp thul, giao dieh thuong mai qua bien gidi, giai quyet phd san. Trong sd edc thanh phan tdng diem, cd hai thanh phan ed y nghia quan ttgng ddi vdi sd hda nen kinh tl la khdi sy kinh doanh va tilp can dien ndng. Sd hda nin kinh te va khdi nghiep sang tao cdn cd kit ndi intemet dn dinh va ngudn dien tdt dl van hdnh he thdng may chu ciing nhu nin tang chia si du lieu tten intemet. Sy cai thien thi hien nhung cd gdng cua Chinh phu ttong xay dyng mOt nin tang dn dinh cho tdng trudng vd phdt triln kinh tl ndi chung, cho sd hda nin kinh tl va khdi nghi?p sang tgo ndi rieng.
Mdt diem mdi so vdi tnrdc day la trong dy thao Chiin lupc phat trien kinh te - xa hOi 2021- 2030 dd chi ro: "Ddi mdi manh me... tap tnmg nghien ciiu, iing dung cdng ngh? loi, cdngngh$
sd"'^. Day Id mOt ttong nhiing khau quan ttpng de nen kinh tl sd cd thi hinh thanh va phdt triln.
De nin kinh tl sd cd thi hinh thanh va phdt trien, mOt ylu td vd cimg quan ttpng la phdt triln ngudn nhan lyc, ddc biet la nguin nhan lyc chdt lupng cao. Sd lieu thdng ke vl chi sd HDI eho thay, Viet Nam hien dang tiiugc nhdm trung Hinh 1. Xep hang moi trufrng kinh doanh ciia Viet Nam giai doan 2008 - 2018
100 : 90
Ngudn: Ngdn hang thi gidi 2016 2017
L*IUANCH(NHTRI-S67/2020
^ 6 e = r - - ^ l ^
NGHllN CCru - P H A T T R I ^ Vi L U A N
binh cao vfii dilm chi sfi li 0,694 tiong nim 2017, xip hpng 116/189 qufic gia. Thpc tl, chi sfi HDI cila Vift Nam di dugc cii tiiipn rfi ift trong nhirng nim gin diy, nhung vin cfin thip so vfii yfu ciu dit ra eiia flipc tiln hifn nay. Dl ning cao chit Iirgng ngufin nhin Ipc, ttong dp thio Chiin lupc phit triln kinh tl - xa hfii 2021-2030 di ehi rfi:"... Dio tgo con ngufii theo hufing cfi dgo dtic, k^ luit, k^ cuong y thuc uich nhifm cfing din, xi hfii; efi k^ ning sfing ky ning lim vifc, ngogi ngO, cfing ngjif thfing tin, cdngnghd sd, tuduy sing tgo vi hfii nhfp qufic tl"*®. Dilm mfii fi diy chinh li dio tgo cong ngh$ sdcho Ipc lupng Igo dfing thi h | mfii, diy chinh li tiln dl eho phittrilnnin kinh tl sfi. Htm nira, dilu die bift ehinh li dua giio dpc ky thuir sfivio chuong trinh giio dpc phfi thfing ttong nhiing nim tfii diy:"... Dua chuong trinh giio dpc phfi thfing nfii dimg kythu$tsdvk ngoai ngii tfii thilu..."^'.
Trong phuang hufing nhifm vp va giii phip phit triln kinh tl - xi hfii thii tu, trong dp thio Chiin luge phit Oiln kinh tl - xi hfii 2021 -2030 di ghi rfi: "Diy mgnh co ciu Igi nin kinh tl gin vfii dfii mfii mfl hinh ting trufing bio dim thpc chit, hifu qui; phit nidn ndn kmh tdsd. fliuc diy ting trtiftng nhanh, bin virng tten ca sfi fin dinh kinh tivi mfi"""'.
Vfii nhilu lin dupc neu, phit ttiln kinh tdsd, ndn kinh tdsd, kfthu$tsd, cdngnghd sd, xi hdi sd'ttong dp thio cic vin kifn Dgi hfii Xni di thi hipn xuyen sufit mfit tinh thin phit tridn kinh td sfi ttong gigi dogn 2021-2030, la mflt nfii dung quan dijng vi ding luu y. Diy thpc chit li mfit nfii dung mfii, mfit tu tuftng moi vl phit triln kinh tIfiVilt Nam dupc fliay dfii vl chit viii tiln dl vi li khi ning dl dua nin kinh tl Vift Nam phit triln cung thoi dpi, trinh dupc nguy eo tijt hgu so vflri cic nin kinh t l ttln thi gifii. Chi cfi khoa hgc cfing nghf, dfii mfii sing tgo, cdngn^d
somfii efi till ctiu cinh cho Vift Nam phit Oiln.
Hon bao gift hit, Vift Nam cin cbfip thfii co vi quyit lilt dfii mfli, ttln tiling vio i)> nguyen sd, kf nguydn cila Cieh mgng cfing nghifp 4.0 dl phit ttiln vi xiy dpng Vift Ngm ngiy mfit giiu mgnh vfii cic npi dung cfing vifc cin tiln hinh li: xiy dpng chiin lupc chuyin dfii mfi hinh ting ttufing tiieo hufing sfi hfla nin kinh tl; xiy dpng vi hoin tiii|n till chl liln quan din sfi hfla nin kinh tl; phit triln kit ciu hg ting eho nin kinh tl sfi; diy nhanh xiy dpng chinh phu di|n tii - chinh phu sfi; xiy dpng va hoan tiiipn cic co sfi dii lifu qufic gia; diy manh thirong mgi difn ni, thanh toin difn di vi sfi hfia tai chinh; thlic diy ling dpngcfingnghfsfitrongdoanh nghifp; phit triln cic nginh cfing nghifp cfing nghf sfi, sin xuit thilt hi sfi, diy mgnh cfing nghifp phin mim, phit ttiln nfii dung sfi; cfi chlln lupc diu tu cho giio dpc dio tgo nhim dio tgo ngufin nhin lpc cho nin kinh tl sfi; ddi moi khoa hpc cflng nghfflieohufing gin vfii cic mpctieukhoa hpccfingnghfcpttil, ttuoc hit li cfing n^f sfi n
(1) Dp Alio cic van Hfn ttinh Dai hfi xm ciia Ding (Tii Uf u si dpng tgi dai hfii chi bf, ding bfi co sft), 2-2020.
(2), (3), (4), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10) Dp thio Bio cio tfing kit flipc hifn chlln luge phit oiln kinh tf - xa hfii 10 nim 2011-2020, xiy dpng chifc lupc phit win kinh tl - xi hfii 10 nim 2021-2030 (Tai Ufu Sll dpng tgi dgi hfii chi bfi, ding bfi co sft), 2-2020.
(5) Nhilu vp vifc diln hinh ttong giai doan gin day cho fliiy rfi. Bong qui Binhhogchdinhvathuchifn cic chinh sich dia Nhi nufic niu nguoi din kho dupc fliam gia s4 bi bfip mfo va hifu lpc thuc thi khfing cao hojc vifc tiiuc flu chu yfu nhim phgc vu cho mfit hoic mpt sfi nhfim thiiu sfi ttong din cn
