AN D O V 6 | PHONG TRAO KHONG LIEN KET
NGXryEN QUOC HUNG*
D
fi vQa trdn niia the ky ke tQ ngfiy Phong trao khdng lien k i t ra ddi (1961 - 2011) va Phong trao trd thanh mdt td chQc qudc te rdng Idn cd tinh toan clu, cd vi tri quan trpng trong ddi sdng chinh tri t h i gidi. Niia the ky qua dfi chQng td Phong trao khdng hen k i t (KIM) nhU mdt san p h i m ciia thdi dai, dap Qng Mp thdi nhiing ddi hdi ciia cac dan tdc T h i gidi thQ ba mdi dUdc giai phdng; mfit khfic nhu ghi nhfin mdt t i m nhin chiln lUdc cung nhQng CO gfing thUc t i l n to Idn cua nhQng qudc gia d l xQdng t h a n h l^p, trong dd cdng lao hfing dIu phai k l tdi Cdng hda An Dp va vi Thii tudng d i u tien ciia nUdc nay J. Nehru.1. TQ sau C h i l n t r a n h the gidi thQ hai, t h i gidi da d i i n r a nhiing thay ddi to Idn vfi sau sic. Trudc het, dd la si? hinh thfinh hai he thdng chinh tri - xa hdi ddi lap : cac nUdc tu ban ehu nghia va cac nudc xa hdi chu nghia. Moi he thong lai tdp hdp xung quanh mdt sidu cudng. Mfic d i u cd nhQng tuyen ngdn keu gpi v l sii can thiet chung sdng hda binh giQa cac nude cd che dp chinh tri - xa hdi khac nhau, nhUng cai chi phdi bao trum Ifi su do! dau hau nhu ludn cfing t h i n g giQa hai khdi Ddng - Tay.
Trong suot hai t h a p ky nhQng nam 1950
vfi 1960, tinh hinh t h e gidi ngfiy cfing cfing thfing - cd luc gan nhQ ben mieng hd'chid'n t r a n h - vdi chinh sach chay dua vu trang dac biet rao rie't gia tfing cac loai vu khi huy diet hang loat, thfinh Ifip cac khoi quan sU cung h a n g trfim, hfing nghin cfin cQ quan sii, va ea si? bung nd cua mpt sd cudc chie'n t r a n h cue bd nhu d Trilu Tien hoJic d Ddng Dudng sau nfiy...
Chieii t r a n h va hda binh trd thfinh vfi'n d l sd'ng cdn, cfi'p bach nha't ciia ca nhfin loai, lien quan tdi van mdnh ciia tfi't ca cac qudc gia tren hfinh tinh.
Sau n h i l u n a m dfi'u t r a n h gian khd, b i n bi vfi trong t i n h hinh t h i gidi mdi cd nhilu t h u a n Ipi sau chie'n tranh, nhfi't Ifi vdi chiln t h i n g ciia Hdng qufin Lien Xd vfi SI? hidn dien ciia hd thd'ng cac nudc xa hdi chii nghia, phong trfio giai phdng dfin tdc phat trien m a n h me vfi dfi gifinh dUdc nhieu t h i n g Idi to Idn. Ban dd chinh trj t h i gidi cd nhQng t h a y ddi cfin ban. Thanh qua to Idn nha't dd la si? sup dd tQng mang Idn he thd'ng thudc dia ciia chu nghia d6 qudc va SI? ra ddi cua h a n g loat cac quoc gia dpc lap tre tuoi d chfiu A, chau Phi vfi My latinh. Tdi dau nhQng nam 60, cd g i n 50 qudc gia gianh dQdc ddc lap, trong dd cd
* PGS.NGND. Nguyen Qum: Hung. TrUdng Dai hoc KHXH vh NV, DHQGHN; Uy vien BCH Hpi HQu nghi Viet Nam - An Do.
Nguyen Qudc Hdng - An Dp vdi phong trao khong lien ke't 25
nhQng nudc Idn nhU An Dp, Inddnexia, Ai Cap... Khat vong Idn nhfi't va cung Ifi thfich thQc Idn nha't ddi vdi cac qudc gia tre tudi mdi nfiy la ciing co n I n dpc Ifip dan toe, thoat khdi mpi si? le thudc ngoai bang, xay dilng dfi't nudc, p h a t t r i l n kinh te - xa hpi n h l m t h a n h toan di san thudc dia nghdo nfin lac hau eua che dp thUc dfin de I^i. Dilu kien tien quyet de thiic hien nhQng nhiem vu lich sQ nfiy Ifi phai cd hda binh vfi dn dinh, khdng bi Idi cud'n vao cac cupc t r a n h chfi'p, xung dot giQa cac nudc Idn, bdi ed le ho chfing thu dUdc Idi Idc gi, n l u nhu khdng phai Ifi ngUdc lai.
Luc bfi'y gid ngay sau khi vQa gifinh dU0c dpc lap, cae nUde nay lai dQng trUdc mdt tinh hinh t h e gidi d i y cfing thang.
Van menh tdn vong ciia dfi't nUdc xQ sd thuc d i y hp phai tim kid'm mdt con dudng cho minh. Cac nhfi Ifinh dgo mpt sd nUdc dfi tim Idi giai dap b i n g chinh sfich giQ the'
"can bing", dQng ngofii cupc t r a n h chap giQa hai khoi. Hp tin r i n g c i n vfi ed the tdn t^i nhu the trong bdi canh the gidi Chien t r a n h l^nh doi d i u giQa hai phe. Dd Ifi nguon gd'c cua tU tudng khdng lien kdt.
Vi n h i l u nguyen nhan, cac nUdc ddc l^p tre tudi khdng mud'n g i n minh vdi cac nUde de quoc chu nghia cung nhu vdi cac nude xa hdi chii nghia. Khdng ke nhQng di san thupe dja nfing n l eiia qua khQ, luc nfiy chinh sach "di mfi vfin 5 lai" ciia cac nude d l quoc ho$c nhQng thii doan xam nhap. bfinh trUdng theo k i l u thiic dan mdi v i n Ifi nhiing trd ngai Idn, khdng it nguy cd ddi vdi SI? p h a t t r i l n vfi t i l n bd ciia cac nude A, Phi vfi M j Latinh. Hp vfin t i l p tuc bi bdc Idt vfi trong n h i l u trUdng hdp Iai
nang ne hdn trUdc. Vi vay, ngay tQ giQa nhQng nam 50, trUdc chinh sach chay dua vu trang Idi keo vao cac khdi quan sii ciia cac nudc phUdng Tay n h l m chd'ng lai cae nUde xa hdi chii nghia, n h i l u nUdc dfin tdc chu nghia da tra Idi bfing chinh sach hda binh trung lap, tQ chdi dQt khoat mpi si?
dinh liu vdi cac lien minh quan sii.
Cdn ddi vdi eac nUdc xfi hdi chu nghia, ngofii si? khac biet ve y thQc he va con dUdng phat trien, nhQng ran nUt bfi't ddng giQa cac nUdc xa hdi chii nghia, nha't la giiia hai nUdc Idn Lien Xd va Trung Qudc, lai cang ciing cd' xu hudng khdng lien ke't, dQng ngoai hai khoi ciia cae nUdc nay, dQ r i n g hp vdi cac nude xa hdi chu nghia cd nhieu tie'ng ndi chung tren n h i l u va'n de quan trpng nhU dpc Ifip dan tdc, hda binh the' gidi, chd'ng chu nghia thiic dfin...tai cac d i i n dfin qud'c te.
Chinh trong bdi canh qud'c te vfio d i u nhQng nfim 60 fi'y, tU tudng khdng lien ket da hinh thfinh d mdt so' nha lanh dao cac nUdc nhu J. Nehru (An Dd), Sukarno (Inddnexia), Tito (Nam Tu), A. Nasser (Ai Cap) vfi N k r u m a h (Gana). Hp da gfip nhau d t u tudng khdng lien ket vfi cung nhau xay dung nen Phong trdo khdng lien ket vdi muc tieu: ddc lap dfin tdc, chung sd'ng hda binh vfi khdng t h a m gia cae lien minh quan sU nhieu nUdc trong khudn khd xung dot giQa cac nude Idn.
Nhu mdt dap Qng dung luc si? ddi hdi cua ddng dao cac dan tpc, Phong trfio khdng lien k i t da dUdc si? hudng Qng manh me ciia cae nUdc A, Phi vfi My Latinh. Pheng trfio phat trien nhanh chdng va trd thfinh mdt liic lUdng quan
26 Nghien cihi Dong Nam A 11/2011
trpng trong ddi sd'ng chinh tri qud'c te. Neu nhu d Hdi nghi t r u bi Caird (6.1961) mdi cd 15 nudc tham gia vfi d Hpi nghi cfi'p cao lan thQ 1 tai Bedgrat (9.1961) da tang len 25 nUdc thi hdn 10 nam sau lai Hpi nghi cfi'p cao lan thQ i d Angie (9.1973) sd thfinh vien chinh thQc la 75 nUdc vfi nam
1992 da Idn tdi 104 nudc. Cung vdi si? Idn manh cua Phong trao, npi dung cac cudc Hdi nghi cfi'p cao - hinh thQc hoat ddng chii yeu ciia to chQc khdng lien k i t - cung ngfiy cfing phong phu da dang hdn, tQ linh vi?c chinh tri md rdng sang linh viic kinh te nhu da'u t r a n h t h i l t lap mdt Trat tU kinh te t h i gidi mdi n h l m giiip cfic nUdc thfinh vien xfiy diing mdt n I n kinh te' ddc lap cd chu quyen va dUdc quyIn binh d i n g trong cac quan he chinh tri, kinh te' - thUdng mai qudc td', trUdc h i t vdi cac nUdc phUdng Tay.
Sau n h i l u thap ky tdn tai, ngfiy nay nhin lai ro rfing Phong trfio khdng lien k i t la mdt budc tien mdi cua phong trao giai phdng dfin tdc. Dd Ifi mdt si? tim k i l m mdi mdt con dudng p h a t trien eua cae qudc gia dpc lap tre tudi. khi xay dung kinh te' - xa hdi dfi't nUdc dfi trd thfinh nhidm vu bQe xuc hfing d i u . Cdng lao tim kiem thfinh cdng fi'y trUdc h i t thupc v l 5 nude de XUdng Phong trfio khdng lien ke't va J . Nehru da cd nhiing cd'ng hien to Idn. NhU sau nfiy, nQ Thii tudng An Dp Indira Gandhi ndi: "Nhiing kho khan md cdc nUdc dang phdt trien dang vdp phdi rdt Idn. De dm pho lai, chiing tdi cdn co sU minh mdn vd kien nghi trong phdn tich tinh hinh hdn Id ly tiidng vd tinh cam"..."
Tdi tin tudng chac chdn rdng nhiing ai xem xet tinh hinh mgt cdch ky liidng se
thdy rdng doi vdi chung toi gia nhap phe nay hay phe kia chdng mang Igi lOi ich gi.
Bdi vay chung toi chgn gidi phdp thii ba Id dUng ngodi hai phe. Vd tdi khdng cho rdng do Id mot lap trUdng ly tUdng md chi Id con dudng thuc te duy nhdt md mgt nUdc m,udn gdi nen dpc lap cua minh phdi di theo" (Nhan m a n h - NQH)(». TQ thUe tidn nUde minh, I. Gandhi vilt:
"Chinh sdch khong liin ke't bdo ddm cho An Dp mpt quy che nghin lan quan trgng hOn tiim lite qudn sU vd kinh te cua ddt nUdc ndy cd the mang lgi"''^\
2. Ddi vdi J. N e h r u - nhfi k i l n tnic vi dai ciia nUde An Dp hidn dai - tU tUdng khdng lien ket cua dng dfi dUdc hinh thfinh nhu mdt k i t qua tfi't yeu theo qua trinh dau t r a n h vi nen ddc lap ciia An Dd cung SI? nghiep dofin k i t giai phdng cac dfin tpc bi ap bQc. Dieu h i t sQc bien chQng dac sfic la tu tudng khong lien ket d dng Iai dUdc b i t nguon vfi p h a t t r i l n tQ chinh tU tiidng lien ket giQa cae dfin tpc bj ap bQc, dofin k i t da'u t r a n h d l t u giai phdng, d l cd vi tri xQng dang phai cd t r e n h a n h tinh nfiy.
Trdn y nghia dd, cd ngudi cho rang tU tudng khdng lien k i t cua dng cd tQ nfim 1927 trong cac phat b i l u d Qudc hdi An Dp*^*. J . Nehru vQa Ifi Iy t h u y l t gia, vQa Ifi ngUdi thuc hien t u tudng khong lien k i t qua nhQng boat dpng, cdng h i l n khdng mdt mdi eua dng. Dd Ifi ngay sau luc An Dp vQa dUde doe lap, theo sang k i l n cua dng, Hdi nghi lien A da dUpc trieu tap d thii dd New Dehh thfing 3.1947. Dfiy Ifi hdi nghi dofin ket d i u tien b chfiu A vdi si?
t h a m gia cua dai dien 27 nudc, trong dd cd dofin dai bieu eiia Viet Nam Dan chii Cdng hda, n h l m thUe h i l n si? dofin k i t
Nguyin Qudc Hiing - An Dp vdi phong ti'do khong lien ke't 27
ciia cac dfin tdc chau A trong thdi ky lich sii mdi vi si? nghidp ddc Ifip dfin tdc vfi chdng chii nghia thi?c dan. Trong d i i n vfin khai mac Hdi nghi, J. Nehru ndi: "Co thi rdng, mpt trong nhiing hau qud ndng ne nhdt cua dch thd'ng tri chdu Au d chdu A Id sU cd lap cua cdc nUdc chdu A ddi vdi nhau,..Vdo luc sit dd hp ra di, nhUng bUc tudng ngan cdch chung ta dd sup dd, chiing ta lai nhin thdy nhau vd gap gd nhau nhu nhiing ban be Idu ngdy xa cdch..S)^ thiit lap "mdt the gidi thd'ng nhdt", chung ta d chdu A cdn suy nghi vi sU hap tdc lan nhau cua cdc nUdc chdu A vdi ket qud cua tii tiidng rdng rai nhdt ndy"^^K
J. Nehru cdn bfiy td nhQng tinh cam ndng nhipt ciia minh: "That Id tit hdo vd vinh du cho nhdn ddn An Dp dUac hoan nghenh nhiing ngiidi bg.n chdu A cua minh tit cdc nUdc tdi, dUdc trao ddi vdi hg vi hien tai vd tUOng lai, ddt nin mong cho sii tien bg chung, phuc lai chung vd tinh hUu nghi"''^\
Hpi nghj dfi thfinh Ifip td chQc v l chau A vdi vai trd nhU mpt ban thQ ky ed chQc nfing chfi'p hfinh rdng rfii. NhUng do vfi'p phai nhQng hoat ddng chd'ng lai ciia Qud'c dan dang Trung Hoa, td chQc nfiy da khdng t h i tdn tai dQ^e.
Hpi nghj lien A Ifi t h i n g Idi cua tinh dofin k i t giQa cac dan tdc chfiu A vfi nhu Chii tjch Hd Chi Minh nhfin xet: "Ket qud rdt toi, lan ndy Id lan ddu tien trong lich sU, md dgi bieu cdc ddn tpc chdu A gap m4t nhau deg&y cam tinh hien tai vd md dudng lien Igc cho tUOng lai"^^K
TrUdc nhQng hfinh ddng xam lUdc trd
lai ciia Hfi Lan ddi vdi Cdng hda Inddnexia, An Dd dfi trieu tap Hdi nghi chdu A vi tinh hinh Inddnexia, 15 nUdc t h a m gia hpi nghi da kjch liet Idn an thUc dan Hfi Lan, ddi phai trao t r a ngay ddc lap cho Inddnexia. J. Nehru nghiem k h i c phd p h a n lien minh phUdng Tay da ung hd va vien trd cho Ha Lan xam lUdc Inddnexia.
Tiep dd, thang 1.1949 tai New Delhi Iai tien hfinh Hdi nghi bd trudng ngoai giao cfic nUde chau A n h l m tie'p tuc iing hd Indonexia trUde nhQng hfinh ddng md rdng xam lUdc ciia Ha Lan. J. Nehru cdn d l nghi thfinh Ifip mdt td chQc thudng trUe ciia tofin chau A tai Lien hdp qud'c n h l m tap hdp ciing nhau thao luan nhQng va'n d l cfi'p bach cua khu vUc'^*.
Vdi nhQng hoat ddng nhu the, dia vi vfi uy tin ciia Cdng hda An Dp ngfiy cfing dUdc d l cao tren trudng qudc te', mdt ngUdi ban tin cay cua cac nUdc A, Phi vfi My Latinh.
Mdt cd'ng h i l n xud't s i c khac cua J.
Nehru vfio luc cfic quan he qudc t i e u a eac nUdc A, Phi vfi My Latinh ngay cang md rdng vfi cung khdng phai it khd khfin phQc tap, dd la Cdng hda An Dp da cung vdi Cdng hda Nhan dan Trung Hoa de ra
"Nam nguyen t i c chung sdng hda binh"
vao thang 4 nam 1954 - Tdn trpng tofin ven Ifinh thd vfi chu quyIn eua nhau;
Khdng tfin cdng nhau; Khdng can thiep vao cdng vide ndi bd cua nhau; Binh dang vfi cung cd Idi; Chung sd'ng hda binh.
Chinh dd Ifi nhQng nguyen t i c can ban, nhQng chuan miic c i n ed trong quan hd giQa cac qud'c gia tren cd sd hda binh vfi dn dinh. Vfi "Nfim nguyen t i c chung sdng
28 Nghien cOu Ddng Nam A 1112011
hda binh" nfiy da dUdc phfit trien t h a n h
"Mudi nguyen t i c Bfingdung" ndi tie'ng tai Hpi nghi A - Phi t h a n g 4 nfim 1955 d Inddnexia*^'. Vdi si? t h a m gia cua 29 qud'c gia , day Ifi hdi nghi doan k i t lan dau tien trong lich sit giQa cac dan tdc d hai luc dia A - Phi. Hpi nghi Bfingdung nhu mpt bilu tUdng sinh ddng cua cac lUc lUdng A - Phi dang troi day va "Mudi nguyen t i c " cua nd vQa Ifi k i t qua ciia tinh dofin k i t gan bd, vQa la y chi ciia cac dan tdc thudc hai lue dja t h i l t lap cac quan he qud'c td' dUa tren cfic nguydn t i e cfin ban Ifi dfin chu, hda binh vfi quyIn t u quyet cua cae dfin tdc.
NhQng nguydn t i e Bfingdung dd trd thanh cd sd xufi't phat cho t u tudng khdng lien k i t vfi vi le dd, Hdi nghj Bfingdung dfi di vao lich sil nhu tien than ciia Phong trfio eac nUdc khdng hen k i t .
Phong trfio khdng Hdn k i t dfi ra ddi vfio d i u nhQng nfim 60 thd' ky XX vdi nhQng Ifinh t u hfing d i u la J . Nehru, Sukarno, B.
Tito, A. Nasser vfi Nkruma. Trong budc khdi dau, Hdi nghi t r u bi d Caird (6.1961) dfi xac djnh nhQng tieu chuan cfin ban cua mpt nudc khdng lien k i t Ifi: thiic hien mdt chinh s i c h ddc ifip di?a t r e n nhQng nguyen t i c chung sdng hda binh vfi khdng lien ket; ludn ludn iing hd phong trfio dpc lap dan tdc; khdng t h a m gia cac lien minh qufin sii n h i l u nude trong khudn khd xung dpt giQa cfic nude Idn.
Lfi mdt trong nhiing lanh tu d l xUdng Phong trfio, J. Nehru g i n bd vdi chinh sach chdng chie'n tranh, bao ve hda binh, ung hd cac dSn tpc dau t r a n h d l giai phdng khdi ach thong tri ciia chu nghia de qudc, chii nghia thuc dan. 6 n g giai thich quan
diem khdng hen k i t eua minh: "khdng Udn kit" khdng cd nghia lfi "trung lap" trong cac quan he quoc te', khdng cd nghia la ngdi im trUde cac su kien, mfi can phai td thai dp diit khofit n h u vfi'n d l chay dua vu trang, vfi'n d l chinh tri xfim lUdc eua chu nghia de qud'c. J. Nehru dfi bac bd manh me quan diem ddng nhfi't khai niem khdng lien k i t vdi khfii niem t r u n g Ifip; "Nhu tdi dd nhiiu Idn nhac Igi, tdi khdng thich tU
"trung lap" khi van dung vdo An Dp. Tham chi tdi khdng thich ngUdi ta ndi vi chinh sdch cua An Dp nhU Id "sit trung lap tich cUc" nhu mpt sdnUdc dd lam. NgUdi ta di nghi chung tdi nen lap ra mot khdi cdc nUdc "trung lap". Tdi dd khong chap nhdn di nghi ndy". 6 n g ndi tie'p: "Khdng lien ket cd nghia Id khong gdn minh vdo cdc khoi qudn sU cua nhiiu qud'c gia hoac mpt qud'c gia. Dd Id sU cd'gdng ddnh gid mpt cdch dpc lap vd cdgdng gia gin quan he hUu nghi vdi tdt cd cdc nUdc"^^\
Rd rfing dd lfi nhiing t u tudng chi dao Phong trfio cac nude khdng hen k i t . An Dd dfi ludn ludn kien tri nhQng tU tudng dd trong chinh sach ddi ngosii ciia minh vfi cd g l n g khdng ngOng de Phong trfio khdng lien k i t khdng xa rdi nhQng muc tieu cfin ban nhu da dUdc r a tQ dau.
Sau khi J . N e h r u qua ddi, Indira Gandhi da ke tuc xQng dang ^ chi vfi con dQdng mfi ngudi cha ciia bfi da vach ra.
Tra Idi phdng vfi'n cua bao Nhfit Ban Asahi Shimbun (8.8.1973), Bfi ndi; "Chinh sdch khong lien ke't tit trUdc tdi nay vdn quan trgng, vi no khdng phdi Id sdn phdm cua chien tranh. No bdt re trong cupc ddu tranh chong ddqudc thitc ddn cda chung
Nguyen Qudc Hung - An Dp vdi phong trdo khong lien ket 29
tdi; vd site manh tich ciic cua Khdng lien ket Id d chd cdc nUdc mdi duac tii do khdng duac mang hinh thUc mdi cua chu nghia thiic ddn, hoac cdi md ngdy nay dUgc ggi Id thiic ddn mdi, md phdi khdng dinh nin dpc lap chdn chinh cua minh. vd tim kiem tinh hUu nghi vd sU hdp tdc kinh teudi tdt cd cdc nUdc, khdng phdn biet trat tu xd hpi hope y thUc cua no.
Vfio d i u nhQng nfim 80, khi tinh hinh t h i gidi vfi khu vUc trd nen cfing t h i n g , va Phong trfio khdng lien k i t dQng trudc nhQng thach thQc phQc tap do mdt sd the liic t h i l u thidn chi gay ra. An Dp v i n s i n sfing dam nhfin trach nhi$m lfi nUdc dfing cai Hdi nghi ca'p cao Phong trfio khdng lien k i t Ian thQ 7 tgi New Dehli (1983).
TQ d i i n dfin Hpi nghi, vdi tU each la Chii tich mdi eiia Phong trao, I. Gandhi mdt l l n nQa khfing dinh mpt each danh thdp quan d i l m ciia An Dp v l Phong trfio khdng lien k i t : "Khdng lien ket khdng co nghia Id md ho tieu cite, trung ldp; khdng lien ke't khdng cd nghia Id khong co dpc lap ddn tpc vd tU do, Chung tdi chu trUOng hoa binh, binh ddng giUa cdc ddn tpc vd doi ddn chu hda cdc quan he qud'c te vi kinh te'cdng nhU vi chinh tri"^^'^\
An Dd dudi su Ifinh dao ciia I. Gandhi da hofin thfinh tdt dep trach nhiem cao ca Chii tjch Phong trfio khdng lien k i t trong nhi^ra k j mdi ba nfim ke tQ 1983.
K l t u d i u nhQng nfim 90 ciia the ky trUdc, vdi ST? chfi'm dOt cua Chie'n t r a n h l^nh vfi nhfi't Ifi t h i gidi khdng cdn p h a n chia thfinh hai phe ddi d I u nhau, Phong trfio khdng lien k i t mpt lan nQa lai diing trUdc nhQng thach thQc Idn lien quan
ngay tdi si? tdn vong cua Phong trfio. Mdt khdng khi khung hoang da bao trQm Phong trfio trude luc Hdi nghi cfi'p cao lan thQ 10 t i l n hfinh tai J a k a r t a vao d i u thang 9.1992. Luc dd cd nhQng ngUdi ddi sap n h a p Phong trfio vdi Nhdm 77 hoac ed ngUdi Iai cho r i n g Phong trfio khdng lien ke't ra ddi trong bdi canh the gidi chia thfinh hai phe vdi tinh trang Chiln t r a n h lanh ddi d i u n h a u gay gat, luc nfiy Lien Xd dfi tan ra, khdng cdn hai phe, khdng cdn Chid'n t r a n h lanh thi Phong trfio khdng cdn ly do de tdn tai...
Mpt l l n nQa, An Dp Iai bfiy td sQ kien dinh cua minh.
TrUdc tinh hinh mdi cua thd' gidi. An Dp cho r i n g thuc chfi't ciia chinh sfich khong lien k i t lfi dpc I^p trong suy xet vfi h a n h ddng phu hdp vdi Idi ich dfin tdc, do dd trong thdi k^ h a u C h i l n tranh lanh, Phong trfid khdng Uen k i t vfin t i l p tuc cd vai trd quan trpng trdng ddi sdng chinh tri the gidi, t h i l t Ifip t h e gidi cdng b i n g vfi binh dlng'^'*.
B i n g y chi kidn djnh va nhQng cd g l n g thuc t i l n to Idn, An Dp da gdp p h i n quan trpng dUa tdi si? t h a n h cdng ciia Hdi nghi ca'p cao Ian thQ 10 d l Phong trao tiep tuc tid'n tdi va thUc hidn nhQng muc tieu ed tinh nguyen tfic trong giai doan mdi hien nay la: Hoa binh vd an ninh qud'c te, Dpc lap ddn tpc, Trat tii kinh tdqudc tem.di ...
VQa qua, trong hai ngfiy 5 - 6 thfing 9.
2011 tai Bedgrat t h u do ciia Serbie da dien ra Hpi nghi ky niem 50 nfim ngfiy t h a n h lap Phong trao khdng lien k i t , tai ndi Phong trao dfi sinh ra. Tiep dd, ngay 15 vfi 16 thang 9.2011, Hdi nghi efi'p cao
30 Nghien citu Ddng Nam A 11/2011
l l n thQ 15 cua Phong trfio khdng lien k i t dfi dUdc tien hfinh tai thfinh p h d S h a r m El - Sheikh, Ai Cap. Phong trfio vfin tiep tuc tiln tdi trong tanh hinh mdi cua the' gidi.
Ngfiy nay, Phong trfio khdng hen k i t dfi bao gdm 120 quoc gia thfinh vien thupc cfic khu viic khac nhau tren the gidi. Net ndi bfit trudc h i t ciia Phong trao la Su thd'ng nhdt trong da dgng, bdi 120 nUdc that da dang v l chiing tdc, vfin hda, tdn giao, tin ngUdng, e h l dp chinh trj vfi kinh t l nhUng d i u cung chung mdt muc dich Ifi daii tranh cho quyIn ti? quyet eiia cfic dan tdc, chdng chii nghia de qudc, thii tieu ehu nghia thUe dan di?a tren 5 nguyen tfic chi dao - Hda binh dn djnh; Ddc Ifip dan tdc; Hdp tac phat triln; Khdng lien k i t va Khdng tham gia cac khdi, nhdm qufin sii - chinh trj. "Sii thd'ng nhfi't trong da dang" Ifi ban chfi't ciia sQe manh va sQc sd'ng ciia Phong trfio khdng Uen k i t trong nua the' ky qua.
Nhd dd, Phong trfio khdng lien k i t ngfiy cfing cd tieng ndi quan trpng vfi vai trd chinh trj noi bat trong the' gidi ngfiy nay, Ifi mdt trong nhQng luc lUdng ndng cd't ciia t r a t tU chinh tri quoc t l dang hinh thfinh, s i n sfing hdp tac vfi phfi'n dfi'u de cung cd' hda binh dn dinh quoc te vi Idi ich nhan dan cac nUde t h a n h vien vfi cdng ddng the' gidi. Lfi thfinh vien sang lap vfi giQ vai trd chii chd't. An Dp da cd nhQng ddng gdp xQng dang trong nhQng t h a n h tUu va sU Idn manh ciia Phong trao niia the ky qua, nhfi't lfi ngfiy nay An Dp da trd thfinh mdt cudng quoc vdi nhflng phat trien vUdt bac v l kinh te, lfi thfinh vien trong nhdm cac n i n kinh te mdi ndi - BRIC (Brasil - Russia - India - China)
ciing n h u G-20, va la mdt Qng vien sang gia d l trd thfinh Uy vien thQdng tn?c Hpi ddng bao an Lien hdp qud'c./.
C H U T H I C H
1. Indira Gandhi, Chdn ly cua tdi. Nxb Phy nQ, Ha Noi, 1987, tr.163-164. Co t h i xem them: "Prime Ministre Indira Gandhi.
Speaks on Foreignn Policy", 1981.
2. Nhu tren, tr. 89.
3. Tap chi Quan he qudc te, so 36, 10.1992.
4. Phong trdo khdng lien ket. Matxcdva, 1986, tr. 21 (tieng Nga).
^. Nudc Cpng hda An Do. Nxb Su That, Hfi Npi, 1983. tr.73.
6. Hi Chi Minh - Todn tap, t. 4. Nxb SuTh^t, Ha Noi, 1984. tr.355.
7. Phong trdo khong lien kit, Sdd, tr.22.
8. Co the torn t i t "10 nguyen tic Bfingdung lfi: 1/T6n trpng cac quyen ciia con ngUdi vh Hien chUdng LHQ; 2/ Ton trong chu quyIn vfi lanh thd toan ven ciia cac quoc gia; 3/
Si? binh dang cua cac chiing tpc vfi ciia eac dan tpc Idn vfi nhd; 4/ Khong dupe can thi^pvfio cong viec npi b§ ciia cac nUdc; 5/
Ton trpng quyen eua moi nude dUdc tii phdng thu mpt minh hay tap the theo diing Hien chUdng LHQ; 6/ Khong dUde diing ap luc doi vdi cac nUdc khac; 7/ Khong dUdc hfinh dpng hofic de dpa xfim lUdc su tofin ven lanh thd hofic nen doc lap chinh tri ciia ba't k^ nudc nao; 8/ Giai quyet tfi't ca nhQng tranh chfi'p qudc te b i n g phUdng phap hoa binh; 9/ Md rong nhQng cong cupc Idi ich chung va su hdp tac; 10/ Ton trpng cong IJ va nhiing cam kit quoc te.
9. Tuyen bo tai cu5c hpp bao tai New York, ngay 4.10.1960.
10. Nhdn Ddn, 8.3.19SZ.
11. T?p chi Quan hi qud'c te, Sdd.
