VE T A M QUAN TRONG VA VI TRI CUA QUYEN CON NGU^Ol TRONG DU
T H A O C A C V A NKIEN TRINH DAI HOI XI
* • • •
Q
uyen con ngudi la thanh qua dau tranh cfla nlian dan lao dgng, cac giai tang tien tien va cfla cac dan tgc bj ap bflc trong sudt qua trinh ljch sfl nhan loai. Ngay nay, quyen con ngudi dugc xem la thudc do trinh do phat trien, sy tien bg va van minh cua mgt xa hgi, khdng phan biet die do chinh trj, he tu tudng va ban sac van boa.Xet ve mat ly luan cung nhu thye tien, quyen con ngudi gan lien vdi cugc dau tranh giai phdng dan tgc, giai phdng xa hgi va giai phdng con ngudi. Ndi each khac, cugc dau tranh gianh va bao ve quyen con ngudi hoan toan phfl hgp vdi muc tieu, ly tudng cua each mang giai phdng dan tgc va sy nghiep xay dyng xa hgi chfl nghTa.
Dan tgc Viet Nam vdn cd truyen thdng nhan dao, khoan dung. Day la ngudn gdc cua til;,tfldng nhan quyen. Quyen con ngirdi den vdi "dan tgc ta klidng phai bang con dudng
"khai boa" cfla chfl nghTa thye dan ma bang con dudng each mang giai phdng dan tgc theo Chfl nghTa Mac - Lenin do Chu tjeh Hd Chi Minh va Dang Cgng san Viet Nam lanh dao.
Ban Tuyen ngdn Dgc lap do Chfl tjch Hd Chi Minh soan thao va cdng bd vao ngay mong 2 thang 9 nam 1945 la sy ke thfla tmyen thdng yeu nudc quat cudng cfla dan tgc vdi nhirng gia trj cao ca cfla nhan loai, trong do cd tu tudng nhan quyen efla Cach mang My nam
1776 va Cach mang Phap nam 1789.
Ngay nay, trong cgng ddng qude t l vdn cdn cd nhflng khac biet nhat dinh trong quan niem ve quyen con ngudi. Mat khac, cac the lye thfl dich dang thye hien chiln lugc lgi dyng van de dan chfl, nhan quyen de can thiep, pha hoai sy nghiep each mang cfla cac qude gia di theo con dudng dgc lap.
Cao Diec ThdC
ty chu va chfl nghTa xa hgi. Viet Nam la mgt trong nhflng trgng diem cfla chien lugc pha hoai do.
Xuat phat tfl' ban chat efla xa hgi ta dat trong bdi canh chinh trj qude te ngay nay, chu de quyen con ngudi can dugc the hien rd rang ca ve tdm quan trgng, ve ngi dung vd su xep sdp vi tri trong dy thao van kien Dang.
1. Ve noi dung
Trudc bet nen nhan thflc rd cac quyen con ngudi can ghi nhan trong cac quy dinh cua phdp ludt nham dam bao cac nhu cau vdn co, thiet yeu ve vat chat va tinh than cfla tat ca mgi ngudi. Nguyen tdc quan trgng nhdt cm quyen con ngwdi Id Nhd niedc cd trdch nhiem ton trong, bdo ve vd thiec hien quyen con ngudi. Day chinh la van de then chdt ve ly luan va chinh trj cfla quyen eon ngudi. Bdi vay xin dugc kien nghj viet rd: "MIA nu&c ton trgng vd bdo ve quyen eon ngiedi...". Neu viet: "Tdn trgng va bao ve quyen con ngudi..." (tranglO), thi chua rd ai tdn trgng va bao ve quyen con ngudi? va trach nhiem cua Nha nude nhu the nao? Nhan manh vai trd cua Nha nudc chinh la quan diem cfla Dang ta ve quyen con ngudi: "Quyen con ngudi gan vdi quyen dan tgc ca ban va thugc pham vi chfl quyen qude gia"'. Mat khac, neu chflng ta de ngd van de nay thi cac the lye thfl djch cd the lgi dyng de can thiep.
2, Ve vi tri cua van de quyen con nguoi trong du thao cac van kien
2.1. Trong die thdo Cieang linh
- Con ngudi vd quyen con ngudi Id mgt thdnh to quan trgng cita xd hoi chii nghia.
Khac vdi kinh te thj trudng, Nha nudc phap quyen... la phuang thfle, phuang tien, dgng (Xem tiep trang 51)
* TS. Hgc vien Chinh trj - Hanh chinh qu6c gia H6 Chi Minh.
' Chi thj 12, Ban chip hanh trung uong Dang, ngay 12 thang 7 nam 1992.
18
MOI QUAN HE GIUA NHA NUdc .
efla nhan dan chua dugc tdn trgng va phat huy. Bg may nha nudc d mgt sd nai chua that sy vi dan, phuc vy dan ma la mgt bd may xa dan, tham chi philn ha, sach nhieu dan, lam cho quan chflng nhan dan bat binh, mat long tin. Dau dd van tdn tai tinh trang bg may chinh quyen edng kenh, nang ne, ai ciing cd quyen vdi dan, nhung it ai chju trach nhiem den cflng giai quyet yeu cau cho dan vdi khdng it vien chfle thieu traeh nhiem, thieu nang lye, lam viec tuy tien, hach djch cfla quyen, vd cam trudc nhflng bflc xuc, khd khan, oan flc cfla nhan dan. Do
dd, tilp tuc xay dyng Nha nudc phap quyen theo hudng bao dam tdn trgng quyen con ngudi, quyen cdng dan tren ca sd xae djnh trach nhiem qua lai gifla Nha nudc vdi cdng dan cung nhu trach nhiem cua Nha nudc phyc vu nhan dan dang la mgt nhiem vy cap bach. Trong qua trinh trien khai nhiem vy do, nen chang can tham khao nhung each ma Le Thanh Tdng da lam khi dng vua nay mudn tang cudng trach nhiem cua Nha nude nham gia tang sy flng hg cfla nhan dan eho vuong trieu phong kien cua minh.
(Tiep theo trang 18 - Ve tdm quan trgng ...) luc de xay dyng xa hdi, quyen eon ngudi vica Id muc tieu vica Id dgng luc trong sic nghiep xdy dimg xd hgi chit nghTa. Do do, quyen con ngudi cd the va can dugc dua vao ngi dung khai quat cfla "xd hgi chii nghia md nhdn ddn ta xdy dung"... (trang 7). Cy the viet nhu sau: "Xa hgi chfl nghia ma nhan dan ta xay dung la mgt xa hgi: Dan giau nudc manh, dan chfl, cdng bang, van minh; do nhan dan lam chfl; Nhd nu&c tdn trgng vd bdo ve quyen con ngirdi ..." (Doan in nghieng la kien nghj bd sung).
- Doan viet ve con ngudi va quyen con ngudi dat d myc 6. Xay dyng nen van hoa tien tien... trang 9, 10 (dy thao) Id khong phii hap. Vi quyen con ngudi thugc linh viec phdp lugt cho nen can dua xudng phan II - He thdng chinh trj..." (trang 14), dat d muc 10. Nha nudc ta la Nha nudc phap quyen... (trang 14, 15). Cy the la lay cau
"Tdn trgng va bao ve quyen con ngudi...
quyen lam chu cfla nhan dan" (trang 10) dua vao muc 10 (phdn IV) viet nhu sau: "Nha nudc ta... do Dang Cgng san Viet Nam lanh dao... "Ton trgng vd bdo ve quyen con ngwdi... quyen ldm chu cda nhdn ddn".
- Cau "Con ngudi la trung tam cfla chien lugc phat trien" (trang 10) dua xudng myc
"chinh sach xa hdi" (khd 1 tfl dudi len, muc 6 - phan III - Nhflng djnh hudng ldn), trang 11. Cy the viet nhu sau: "Con ngirdi Id
trung tdm ciia chien luge phdt trien. Tao mdi trudng va dieu kien de mgi ngudi lao dgng cd vide lam" (trang 11).
2.2. Trong du thdo Chien Iwgc phdt trien kinh te - xd hgi
- Can bd sung van de quyen con ngudi vao muc 2 - "Hoan thien bg may nha nudc..." trang 39, phan V "Nang cao hieu lye...". Cy the nhu sau: "Day manh cai each lap phap... nang eao chat lugng he thdng phap luat, bdo ve quyen con ngudi trong hogt dgng tir phdp (doan bd sung in nghieng). Tiep tyc xay dung Nha nude phap quyen..." (trang 39).
2.3. Trong dir thdo Bdo cdo Chinh tri Can bd sung van de quyen eon ngudi vao myc 3.
"Muc tieu, nhiem vy..." (phan II). Tiep tuc day manh toan dien...? (trang 50). Cy the viet bd sung vao phan "Tiep tyc phat huy dan chfl... dai doan ket dan tgc, hoan thien nang cao hieu lye... (trang 52), bdo ddm quyen binh ddng, khong phdn biet doi xir v&i mgi thdnh vien xd hgi (doan bd sung).
De tranh trflng lap nhflng ngi dung bd sung eho dy thao Chien lugc phat trien kinh te - xa hgi va Bao cao Chinh trj tuy cd cho khdng dflng khai nilm quyen con ngudi nhung deu the hien ngi dung va cac nguyen tac CO ban cfla quyen con ngudi.
