NGHliN CtfU CHO NGHtA MAC - LCNIN VA TUn/flNG H^ rHl MIMH y |
iS •> t
QUAN DIEM CUA CHU NGHIA MAC - LENIN VE CHU NGHiA QUOC TE VO SAN
• PGS,TS NGUYEN VlfeXTHAO Pho Gidm doc Hgc vi^n Chinh tri - Hanh chinh
quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
• PGS,TS NGUYEN AN NINH Vien Chu nghia xa hoi khoa hgc, Hgc vien Chinh tri - Hdnh chinh quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
C
hu nghia quoc tfi vo sdn eon duoc gpi la cbii nghia qufie tfi cua giai cap efing nhdn, hay chii nghia qufie tfi XHCN, la nhiing nguyfin tdc, phuong cham hanh dpng trong qud trinh thyc hien sii menh lich sii todn thfi gifii cua giai cdp efing nhan. No dupc diic ket thdnh mot he thfing ly ludn vd co vi tri rdt quan trpng trpng hpc thuyet Mdc - Lenin va ciing la nguyfin tdc hdng dau eua quan he giiia cdc dang cpng sdn vd cfing nhan quoc te trong thfii dgi ngdy nay.Cfi thfi khdi qudt nhiing luan diem co ban ciia chu nghia Mdc - Lenin ve chii nghla qufie tfi vfi san nhu sau:
Su doan ket, thong nhat vi y chi va doi ngu cua giai cap cdng nhan chinh la noi dung CO ban, nguyen tic hang dau.
Tuyin ngdn cua Ding C0ng sin do C.Mdc vd PhAngghen thay mat Lifin dodn nhiing nguoi efing sdn vifit vd duye efing bfi vdo thdng 3-1848 cfi Ifii kfit nhu loi kfiu gpi vd cung Id menh lenh hdnh dpng ciia tat ea nhiing ngufii vfi sdn trfin thfi gifil; Cdng nhan toan the gidi hay lien hiip lai! Day la diem md nhiing ngufii nghifin ciiu ve chu nghia Mdc deu thong nhdt khi de cap den nfii dung ciia chu nghla quoc tfi vfi san.
Nghien cihi sdu hon vi van de nay, chiing ta cfi thfi nhdn ra "nhiing tdng ban chdt" cua chu nghla quoc tfi vfi sdn. Difin hinh Id 5 npi dung ve sy thong nhat ma giai cap cfing nhdn todn the gioi can dgt toi: thong nhat vi lpi ich, thfing nhdt v^
tu tufing, thong nhat ve myc tieu, thong nhdt ve tfi chiic vd thong nhat trong hdnh dpng.
Ch li nghia qudc ti vd san lay thuc vi su thdng nhit loi ich giai cip cua nhimg ngudi vd sin tren toan thi gioi.
Y thiic ve sy thong nhdt nay xuat phat truoc hfit tir dia vi kinh te xa hpi cua hp.
Mdc ehi ra rdng chinh phuong thiic san
LVLUAN CHfNH TRI-So 9/2012
^ Mr.HitN CtfU C H O N G H I A M A C • L E N I N V A T I / T U O N G HO CHI M I N H
xuit dsii cfing nghifip TBCN li nguyfin nhin khich quan cila thufie tinh niy.
"Nfii ehung, efing nghiep Ifin tao ra 6 khip noi nhiing quan hfi nhu nhau giiia cic giai cip xi hfii vi do dfi xfia bfi linh chit rifing bifit cila nhiing din tfic khic nhau. Vi sau hfit, trong khi glal cip tu sin eOa mfii din tfic cfin duy tri nhihig lpi Ich din tfic rifing bifit thi efing nghifip Ifin lai tao ra mfit giai cip cting cfi nhOng lpi Ich nhu nhau trong tit ci cic din tfic, mfit giai cip khfing cfin tinh rifing bifit din tfic niia..."'".
Lfinin d i lim rfi vin dfi niy thfing qua vific phin tieh tinh chit xi hfii hfia fi pham VI thfi gifii cua cfing nghifip hifin dai: "Thyc vay, vific sin xuit ehp mpt thj trufing rfing Ifin fi trpng nirfic vi trfin thfi gifii, vific phit trifin mfii lifin hfi thirong nghifip chit chfi vi mua bin nguyfin lifiu vi vat lifiu phy giira eic miln trong nuoc vi giiia eic nufic vfii nhau, bufic tifin bfi vi dai ve ky thuit, vific tap trung sin xuit vi nhin khiu trong nhiing xi nghifip Itm, truyfin thfing cfi hu ciia chfi dp gia tnrfing bi phi vo, Ifip din cu di dfing dupe tao ra, mire nhu ciu vi trinh dp vin boa ciia cfing nhin dtrpc ning cao, - tit ci nhimg eii do dfiu li nhiing nhin tfi ciia qua trinh tu bin ehu nghia, qui trinh lim eho sin xuit 6' trong nufic ngay cing dupe xi hfii hfia, vi dp diy, lim cho ngufii tham gia sin xuit cung ngiy cing dupc xi hpi hfia"'^'.
Sy thfing nhat dfi ciing lam thinh nen ting ehp moi lien hfi binh ding ve lpi ich, tinh thin trich nhifim vfii sy nghifip chung cua giai cip efing nhan P eae qufie gia - din tpc: "Muon cho cac din tpc cfi thfi thye sy doan ket lai thi hp phii cfi nhiing lpi Ich chung. Muon eho nhiing lpi Ich cua hp tro
thinh lpi Ich ehung thi nhiing quan hfi sft hiiu hlfin cfi phii bj thii tifiu, bfii Ifi nhiing quan hfi s6r hiiu hlfin cfi tgo difiu klfin cho mfit sfi din tfic niy bfic lot mfit sfi din t$c khic; ehi efi glal cip cfing nhin li thifit tha vfii vific thO tifiu nhihig quan hfi sfir hiiu hi^n tdn. Duy chi cfi minh nfi mfii efi thfi lim dupc vific niy. Giai cip vfi sin chifin thing glai cip tu sin dfing thfiri cfin efi nghia li khic phyc tit ci nhiing cufic xung dfit din tfic vi xung dfit efing nghifip hifin nay dang sinh ra sy thii hin giira cic din tfic. Vi viy mi thing Ipi eiia giai cip vfi sin dfii vfii giai cip tu sin dfing thfii cfin li diu hifiu giii phfing til ci cic din tfic bj i p biic"'''.
Chu nghia qudc tfi vo sin Ii si/ thing nbitvi tu tudng trong giai dp cdng nhin.
Mic khing djnh: "Sy thfing tri cua tu bin li cfi tinh chit qufie tfi. Chinh vi thf, cufic diu tranh ciia cfing nhin d tit ci cic nufic dfi ty giii phfing, chi cfi thfi thanh efing dupc, nfiu cfing nhin cimg nhau diu tranh ehfing lai tu bin qufie tfi"'*'.
Sy thfing nhit vfi tu tufing cfi duoc khfing phii chi tir sy dfing cim cua nhiing ngirfii eiing bj tu bin bfic Ifit, m i cfin til sir phit trifin iri tufi, tir cufic diu tranh tu tirfing npi bfi thfing qua tranh luin. Trong Loi tya vifit cho bin tifing Dire cua Tuyin ngdn cua Ding Cdng sin, tii bin nim 1890, Ph.Angghen d i nhin manh: "Dfi dat tfii thing lpi cufii ciing cua nhiing nguyen ly d i dfi ra trpng "Tuyfin ngfin", Mic ehi tin tufing vip sy phit trifin tri tufi ciia giai cip cfing nhin, sy phit trifin ma hinh dpng chung vi tranh luin ehung nhat dinh se mang lai""*'.
Nfi con xuit hifin tir sy giio due liu dai, ehu dio vi ky luong ciia cic td chirc chinh ni
LV LUAN CHlNHTRI-So 9/2012
Jl
eOa giai cdp cfing nhdn. Lfinin vifit:"... mufin cho cdch mgng vfi sdn thdng lpi thi phdi gido dye Idu ddi eho cfing nhdn tinh thdn binh ddng vd hiiu nghj ddn tfic diy dO nhif'^K Lenin cfin nfii: "Thdng lyi ciia edeh mgng vfi sdn thfi gifii dfii hfii giai cdp cfing nhdn cdc nufic tifin tifin phdi hfit siic tin cdy Idn nhau, doan kfit anh em hfit siic chdt che vfii nhau vd phdi hfit siic nhdt tri trong cdc hdnh dpng cdch mgng cua hp"'".
Vd sy thfing nhdt dy cfi dupc, eon tii ehifiu sdu eiia nhgn thiic v^ nhu edu phdt tri^n ciia nhdn logi:"... dfii ldp vfii xa hfii cu cung vfii sy bdn eiing v4 kinh tfi vd sy dien rfi vfi ehinh tn ciia nfi dang xudt hi$n mfit xd hpi mfii md nguygn tdc qufie tfi phai Id hfia binh, bfii vi ciing mfit nguyen tdc gifing nhau ngu tri b tdt cd cdc ddn tfic - laodpng!"'^'.
Chu nghia qudc ti vo san la sir thong nhat vemuc tieu quoc ticua giai dp cong nhin vdi viic ho tro thinh giai dp dai biiu cho loi ich cOa dan tpc.
Dfi Id sy thfing nhdt vi y chi vd hdnh dpng ciia cfing nhdn. Angghen vifit: "Vfi sdn tdt ca cdc nufic dodn kfit lai!", mfit khau hieu efing khai tuyen bfi tinh chdt quoc tfi eiia cupc ddu tranh, vd ngdy nay, "giai cap vfi san chifin ddu fi* tdt ca cac nufic deu ghi khau hieu dfi trfin Id co cua minh"'^'. Vd theo dfi: "Cufic dau tranh eiia giai cap vfi sdn chong Igi giai cdp tu sdn, dii vi mat nfii dung, khfing phai la mpt cufic ddu tranh dan tpc, nhung liic ddu Igi mang hinh thiie dau tranh dan toe. Duong nhien la truo'c hfit, giai cdp vfi sdn mfii nuoc phai thanh todn xong giai cdp tu sdn nuoc minh da"'^"'.
Chu nghia quoc tfi ciia giai cdp cfing nhdn phti hpp co ban ve lpi ich vd vfii
nhimg xu hufing tifin bfi ciia vdn dfi ddn tfic hi0n dgi. Trong Ldi ti/a eho Idn xudt bdn Tuyin ngdn ciia DingC0ngsin bdng tifing Y ndm 1893, Angghen coi nhi^m vy gidl quyfit vdn d^ dfic Idp ddn tfic nhu mfit ti^n dfi dfi giai cdp cfing nhdn thyc hifin tfit chii nghta qufie tfi: "Khfing khfii phyc Igi dfic ldp vd thfing nhdt cho timg ddn tfic thi v^ phuong difin qufie tfi, khfing thfi thye hifin dupc sy dodn kfit ciia giai cdp vfi sdn vd sy hyp tdc hfia binh vd ty gidc giua cdc ddn tfic dfi d^ dgt tfii myc dich chung"'"'.
Trong thfil dai dfi qufie chii nghia, L^nin dd phdt hi^n ra sy gdn bfi v^ lpi ich giira giai cap cfing nhan vd cdc dan tfic trong qud trinh ddu tranh dfi ty gidi phfing. Tir dfi Nguoi dd phdt trifin khdu hifiu hdnh dfing chifin luoc eiia Tuyen ngfin thdnh:
Giai dp cdng nhin va cic dan toe bi ip hire tren toan the gidi hiy doan kit lai!
"Dfii lap vfii thfi gifil eii, cdi thfi gioi eiia dp biic dan tpc, ciia sy phan tranh dan tpc hoae ciia sy tach bifit giiia cdc ddn tfic, cfing nhdn dua ra mfit thfi gioi mfii, mfit thfi gioi trong do nhiing ngufii Iao dpng thupc mpi ddn tpc doan kfit vol nhau, trong do khfing cfi cho eho bdt cii mfit dde quyen dde lpi nao, ciing nhu khfing co cho cho bdt cir mpt su dp biic ndo giiia ngufii vfii ngufii""^'.
Chu nghia quoc tfi vfi san khong chap nhan, khfing diiu hfia vfii cdc thir chii nghia dan tfic. Lenin viet: "Chu nghia Mae khong the di^u hoa dupc vol chii nghia dan tpc, dii la chu nghia dan tfic "cong bdng", "thuan khifit". tinh vi va van minh dfin ddu di nira.
Thay cho mpi chii nghia dan tpc, chii nghia Mac dua ra ehii nghia quoc te..."'^^' vi
"Chiing ta phan doi nhung moi hdn thu
LYLUAN CHfNH TRI-So 9/2012
^ Mr.Hi^N CCru C H O NGHlA M A C • LtNIN VA T U TL/flNG HO CHl MINH
din tfic, nhiing mSl bit hfia din tfic, sy bifit lip din tfic. Chiing ta li nhiing ngufii qufie tfi chu nghla"'"!. xheo dfi, "trufie hfit ein phii giO vimg tinh thin qufie tfi chin chinh, tinh thin dfi sfi loai trir sy xuit hifin ciia mpi thii chCi nghla sfi-vanh..."'""''.
Chii nghia qudc ti vd sin li si/ thdng nhit nhin thiic ly luin vfi sir minh lich sii thi gidl ciia glal dp cdng nhin.
Sii mfinh Ijch sit ciia giai cip cfing nhin chinh li hat nhin ly luan - khpa hpc ehp sy doin kfit vi hpp tic hinh dfing ciia cfing nhin thfi gifii. Nhiing nguyfin ly I5?
luin iy li su due kfit tir thye tifin. "Chii nghia cfing sin niy sinh ra tir nfin dai cfing nghifip vi nhirng hiu qui eua dai cfing nghifip, tir sy xuit hien eua th) trufing thfi gifii vi cufic canh tranh khfing thfi kim him dupc dp sy xuit hifin ciia thi trufing the gifii giy ra; tir nhiing cufic khung hping thuong nghiep ngay cing cfi tinh chit phi hpai vi tinh chit phd bifin vi gio diy di hoin toan trfif thanh nhiing cupc khung hping ciia thi truong the gifii; tir sy hinh thinh ra giai cap vfi sin vi sy tieh ty eua tu bin; vi tir cupc diu tranh giai cap giiia giai cip vfi sin vi giai cap tu sin de do m i niy sinh ra"""*'.
Nfi ehi ra sii mfinh giii phfing loan nhin loai cua giai cip cfing nhin hifin dai:"... Ijch sir cua cupe diu tranh giai cip dfi hifin nay da phit trifin tfii giai dean trong dfi giai cip bi hoc Ifit vi bi ip biic, tiic li giai cip vo sin, khfing cfin co thfi ty giii phong khfii ich cua giai cip bfic Ipt vi ip biic minh, tire li giai cip tu sin, nfiu khfing dfing thoi vi vinh vifin giii phfing toan xi hpi khfii ich boc lot, ip hire, khfii su phin chia giai cip vi dau tranh giai cap""".
L^ Iufin vfi giai cip cfing nhin cfin xuit phit tit kinh nghifim diu tranh chinh tri.
Mic vlfit:"... chiing ta hiy nhfi mfit nguyfin tic CO bin eiia Qufie tfi: sy doin kfit.
ChOng ta sfi dat dupc myc dich vl dai mi chiing ta dang hufing tfii, nfiu ehiing ta cung cfi viing chic nguyfin tic diy sire sfing iy trong tit ci cic cfing nhin 6 tit ci cic nyfic. Cich mang l i phii doin kA, kinh nghifim Ifin lap cua Cfing xi Pa-ri di day chiing ta nhu thfi; Cfing xi Pa-ri sfidi thit bai vi tit e i nhiing trung lim ehlnh nhu Bfic-lin. Ma-drlt,v.v., d i khfing dfing thfii biing nd mfit phong trio cich mang to Ifin tuong xiing vfii trinh dfi diu tranh eao cua giai cap vo sin Pa-ri""*'.
Chu nghia qudc li vd sin li suphdi hop hinh ddng cich m^ng cua giai dp cong nhin dcic nudc tr^n toin thi gidi.
Tfi chiic qufie te eua giai cip cong nhin li bifiu hifin diu tifin vi su phfii hpp hinh dfing cua giai cip vfi sin. Td chiie iy dupc sinh ra tir giic ngp vfi giai cap. Vific hinh thanh mfit trung tim qufie tfi dfi linh dao cufic diu tranh cua giai cip efing nhin 0 cic nirfic, tir dfi thuc diy sy ra doi ciia chinh ding eua giai cip cfing nhin otimg nufic li sir mfinh hing diu cua cic td chuc qufie tfi CLia nhimg ngirfii cpng sin. "Lien doan nhung nguoi cfing sin" li tfi chiic diu tien dirpc thinh lip tren co so cua su giic ngp ly luan chu nghia xa hfii khpa hpc dp Mac vi Angghen xiy dyng. Tuyfin ngon ciia Ding Cdng san (3-1848) dupe coi la
"bin khai sinh" cua td chiic qufie tfi diu tifin niy. Nhiing nguyen ly m i Mic vi Ang- ghen trinh biy trong tic pham nay li nSn tdng tu tuong va kim chi nam che toin bo hoat dong phong trao efing sin vi cong
LVLUAN CHlNH TRI-So9/2012
M
nhdn qufie tfi. Tu dfi dfin nay, vi mdt tfi ehiic qufie tfi, glai cdp efing nhdn vd nhtmg ngufii efing sdn trfin todn thfi gifil dd cfi nhifiu sdng tgo vi hinh thiic tfi chuc: tit cdc tfi chirc nhu Qufie tfi I (1864 - 1889), Qufie tfi II (1889 -1914), Qufie tfi III (Qufie tfi cfing sdn 1919 -1943) dfin cdc hinh thiic tfi ehiic qufie tfi tuong duong nhu Cue thfing tin qufie tfi, Hfii nghi ede ddng efing sdn vd cfing nhdn qufie tfi, Difin ddn thufing nifin ciia ede ddng efing sdn vd efing nhdn qufie tfi v.v.. Mdc, Angghen va Lenin Id nhiing lanh ty da ddnh nhifiu efing siie, tri tufi eho viec xdy dung nhiing tfi chirc qufie tfi ddu tifin vd dinh ra cuong linh chifin ddu, ly lugn ehi dao cho phong trao cfing nhdn thfi gifii - bifiu hien sinh dpng chii nghla qufie tfi vfi sdn.
Sy phoi hpp hanh dfing edeh mgng cfi nhilu bieu hien, gan giii nhat Id sy ling hp, giup do', phfii hpp hdnh dfing giiia giai cap cfing nhan eiia ede dan tpc da duoc doan kfit Igi. Lfinin tung trao nhiem vy cho Qufie tfi III: "Trong tat ed cac nufic thupc dia va cdc nuoc Ige hdu, khfing nhiing chiing ta phai ddo tgo nhiing can bp dpc lap, xdy dyng nen nhiing to chiie dang, khfing nhiing phai tifin bdnh tuyen truyen ngay tir gifi' eho viec tfi chiic cdc Xfi-vifit nong ddn va CO gdng lam eho cdc Xfi-vifit do phii hpp vfii nhiing hodn canh tifin tu ban chu nghia, ma Qufie tfi cfing san cfin phdi xdc dinh vd chung minh tren ly ludn cho mfit nguyfin tdc la: vfii sy giiip do ciia giai cap vfi san ede nuoc tien tifin, cac nuoc lac hau cfi thfi tifin tfii chfi dfi xfi-viet, va qua nhimg giai doan phdt trien nhdt dinh, tien toi chii nghia cpng san, khong phai trai qua giai dogn phat trien tu ban chii nghia""^'.
Sy phfii hyp hdnh dfing dy edn bao gfim cd sy kfit hpp cufic cdch mgng ciia glai cdp cfing nhdn ehinh qufie vfii ede phong trdo ddn tfic, ddn chii. "Cufie edeh mgng xd hfii chi efi thfi tifin hdnh duyc dufii hinh thiic mfit thfil dgi kfit hpp cufie nfii chifin eua giai cdp vfi sdn ehfing giai cdp tu sdn trong ede nu6c tifin tifin, vfii ei m0tlo$t phong trdo ddn chu vd cdch mgng, kfi ed nhiing phong trdo gidi phfing ddn tfic trong cdc nufic chua phdt trifin, Igc hdu vd b\ dp biic"'^'.
Sy thfing nhdt. phfii hyp hdnh dfing ciia giai cap vfi sdn 6^ cdc nufic eOng chdp nhdn nhirng sy khde bifit vi ehi tifit khi vdn dyng ede nguyen ly ciia chu nghia qufie tfi. Lenin timg nhdc nh6: "Chiing ndo md giira cdc ddn tfic vd cdc nubc vdn cfin nhung sy khde nhau v^ ddn tfic vd vi chfi dp nhd nufic - nhiing sy khac nhau ndy, ngay cd khi nin chuyen chinh cua giai cap vfi sdn da duoc thifit lap tren phgm vi todn the gifil, cung vdn con tfin tgi trong mfit thoi gian lau, rdt lau, - thi chimg dfi, sy thfing nhdt sdch lupc quoc tfi eiia phong trdo efing nhdn cpng sdn fi' tdt ca cdc nuac van khfing dfii hfii phdi xfia bfi mpi mdu sde khde nhau..., ma nfi doi hoi phdi dp dung nhimg nguyen tdc CO bin ciia ehii nghia cfing sdn. (Chinh quyfin xfi-vifit va chuyfin ehinh vfi sdn) sao cho nhiing nguyen tdc dy dupc cai biin dung din trong nh Ong vin di chi tiit, duyc 1dm eho phii hpp, cho thich hpp vol nhimg dde difim dan tpc va dac di^m nhd nufic - dan tpc"'^'\
Nhu vay, chu nghia qufie tfi vfi sdn Id mfit he thong ly lugn chi dao giai cap cong nhdn quoc te ve chinh tri, tu tufing, tfi ehiic va hdnh dpng trong qud trinh ciing nhau thyc hien sii menh ma lich sii trao cho: ddu
LVLUAN CHfNH TR|-Sd9/2012
i n M^.nlt^| cOfu CHO NGHIA MAC - LCNIN VA TUradMtS ua gHl MINH
tranh xfia bfi CNTB vi xiy dyng thinh efing CNXH, chu nghla cfing sin trfin pham vl win thfi gifii.
Co sfi kinh 10 xi hfil ciia chO nghla qufie tfi vfi sin xuit phit ttr tinh chit xi hfii hfia cao ciia phirong thiic sin xuit tu bin chii nghia di thfing nhit toin thfi glal cip cfing nhin thfi gidl fi nhlfiu difim: sin xuit cfing nghifip mang tinh chit lifin hlfip, Iao dfing cua cfing nhin bj giai cip tu sin bfic Ifit gii tri thing du, CNTB, chii nghia dfi qufie li nhimg thfi lyc qiiOc tfi d i lifin minh vfii nhau dfi bfic Ifit vi ehfing lai hp; dpin kfit qufie tfi vi chii nghia qufie tfi cua giai cip efing nhin li kinh nghifim chinh tri vi li quy luit diu tranh cich mang; qui trinh thyc hifin sii mfinh lich sir cua giai cap cfing nhin eung dfii hfii phii cfi tu duy vi hinh dfing 6 tim mire thfi gifii...
Mit dfii lip vfii chu nghla qufie tfi vfi sin la chii nghia din tfic Ion, chu nghia din tfic hep hfii, li quan nifim bifit phii vfi td ehiic va hinh dpng, su chia re, sy bit dfing vfi quan difim giira cic dang dp xuit phit tir lpi ich cyc bp, thifin can... Diy ciing li nhirng difim yfiu, mit ban chfi xuit hifin tit phong trio cfing sin - cong nhin qufie tfi vi d i bj giai cap tu sin lpi dpng, giy nhieu trfi ngai.
Song eung di nhifiu lin, site manh ty thin cua quy luit khich quan vi y chi doan kfit cua giai cap cong nhin di tii lip l^i chu nghia quoc te vo sin ngiy cing manh mfi va siu rfing hon trpng phpng trio cfing nhan the gifii.
Trong boi canh chinh tri mfii ciia thfi gifii hifin nay, chii nghla qufie te vo sin vin li quy luat vin dfing phit trifin vi thing lpi eiia cupc dau tranh ciia giai cap cong nhan tren toan the gifii. Di nhien, ein thiy ring.
d i vi dang xuit hi^n nhlfiu thich thiic khfi khfin mfii tir chifin lupc tpin ciu ciii chil nghla dfi qufie, ttr "chii nghla ty dc mfii" vi chu nghla qufie gia - din tfic hl^n d(il... Thyc tfi dfi dfii hfii mfii ding cfing sin vi tnin thfi phong trio cfing nhin thfi gidi cin phii nfi lyc, doin kfit vi sing tao ii vupt qua. Trung thinh vi vin dyng siog tao chu nghia qufie Ifi vfi sin trong Situ klfin mfii vin li phuong chim hinh dOng eua ehung tan
(1) C.Mic vi Ph.Angghen: Toin tip, t.3. Nxb Chinh in qufie gia, Hi Noi, 1995, n-.87-88.
(21 V.l.Linin: Tain tip, t3. Nxb Tifin bfi. Matxcom.
1976. tr.694.
(31.(101 C.Mic vi PhAngghcn: Sdd, t.4, tr.526- 527.611.
(4) V.I.Lenin:Sdd,t.2. tt.ll5.
(51,(111,(161,(17) C.MScvi PhAigghen: Tuyin tip, t.I, Nxb Sy that. H i Nfii, 1980, U.524,534, 432-433,517.
(6) V.l.LSnin: Sdd, t.26. tr.l32.
(7)Sdd,l.38. tr.l32.
(8).(15) C.Mic vi PhAngghen: Tuygn tip, t.m, Nxb Sythat, H i Nfii, 1980, U.641, 634.
(9) Sdd.t.Vl, tr.340.
(12) V.l.Unin: Sdd. t.23, tr.l94.
(13)Sdd. t.24. tr.l67.
(14) Sdd. 1.40, tr.49.
(18) C.Mic va PhAngghen: Tuygn tap, t.lV, Nut SyThit, H i Nfii, 1980, tt.212.
(19),(21) V.I.Lenin: Sdd, t.41, tr.294-295,96.
(20) Sdd, t.30, tr.l46.
LV LUAN CHINHTR|-So 9/2012
