^ 1 NGHIEN ciru-PHATTRlgNLyiUAN
QUAN DIEM CUA CHU NGHIA MAC - LENIN VE MOI QUAN HE G I O A DAN CHU XA HOI CHU NGHIA
VA CHUYEN CHINH VO SAN:
YNGHlADOIVOl VIET NAM
• PGS, TS LE THI THANH HA Vipn Triet hoc,
Hoc vipn Chinh trf quoc gia Hd Chi Minh
• Tdm tdt: Theo quan diem ciia chii nghia Mdc - Lenin, giiia ddn chu vd chuyen chinh cd moi quan he biin chdngvdi nhau trongqud trinh xdy diingxd hgi mdi. Trongdd, ddn chu Id muc tiiu cdn chuyin chinh vd sdn la phtidng tiin bdo vi nen ddn chu xd hgi chu nghta.
Hien nay, ldi dung nhiing hgn che trong viec thiic hdnh ddn chu d nUdc ta, cdc thelUc thii dich dang tap trung chong phd cdch mgng Viet Nam tren mgi linh viic, trong do cd vdn dS thtic thi ddn chu. Yt vdy, cdn tiep tuc nghiin cUu vd van dung sdng tgo moi quan hi giQa ddn chu vd chuyin chinh vdo thiic Hin Viet Nam hiin nay.
• Tii khda: C.Mdc, Ph.Angghen, V.l.Lenin, ddn chu XHCN, chuyin chinh vd sdn.
1. Quan diem cua chii nghia Mac - Lenin Tuy nhien, sau nay do yeu edu cua thuc tign each v^ moi quan he giira dan chu va chuyen chinh mang, C.Mac da eho rdng, mue tidu sau cdch
Ngay tir nhiing tac pham dau tign ciia rarah, mgng vd san Id giai edp cdng nhan can "dap tan"
C.Mac dd khdng dinh: giai cap vd san sau khi bd mdy nha nude tu sdn hay: "Lat ddgiai dp tu gianh duge cdch mang can: "tao ra mpf chedd sin! Chuyen chinh cua giai cap cdngnhan"^^^va cJanchiivdnhddd ma true tigp hay gidn tigp tao ehuyen ehinh vd san tat ygu phai dua vdo bao ra quygn tiidng tri chinh tri eiia giai cap vd san"'" luc, ttan dp su phdn khdng eiia gjai cdp bde lot, vd digm khdc biet cdn ban giiia che dp dan chii ciing cd ngn thdng tri cua giai cdp vo san. Ddne vdi chg do chuyen chg la: "Dudi chg dO ddn chu, thdi, chuygn chinh vd sdn la dg di ddn tu tudng khdng phdi con ngudi tdn tai vi phdp lugt, ma vg giai doan qua dp ciia xa hdi khdng cdn khde ludt phdp tdn tgi vi con ngudi... Ddu hieu dac bietgiaicdp: "chuyen chinh giai cip di^^^^
tnmg ca ban ciia chg dp dan chii la nhu vdy"'^'. vd sdn, coi dd Id gjai dogn qud dg tai ygu ^^ ^
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den xda bd nhung su khic bipt giai cip ndi chung, xda bd tdt ed nhiing quan he sdn xuat Iam ea sd cho nhiing su khdc biet dy, xda bd tat cd nhiing mdi quan he xa hdi thieh iing vdi nhiing quan he sdn xudt dd, dg di dgn eai bien tat cd nhiing tu tudng nay shih ra tii nhiing quan he xa hdidd"'^'.
Cdng xa Pari da tign hanh cugc thii nghiem vi dai vg chuyen chinh vd sdn, da tim thdy huih thiie ehinh tri kigu mdi dg giai phdng giai cdp vd san. Dd la sy sang tao vi dai va chien cdng lich su Idn nhdt cua Cdng xa Pari. Trong tdc pham Npi chiin dPhip, C.Mdc da chi ra rdng: "Bi quydt thuc su cua Cdng xa la d cho: ve thuc chat nd Id rapt chirih phii cua giai cdp cdng nhan, la ket qud eiia cude dau tranh cua giai cap nhiing ngudi san xuat chdng lai giai cdp chidm doat, Id hinh thiic chinh tri rdt cudc da tim ra dupe khien cho nd cd thg thue hidn dupe viec gidi phdng lao ddng vg mat kinh tg"'^'. Dgn ddy chung ta thdy rd, myc tieu cudi eiing thue hi?n chuyen chinh vd sdn ciia C.Mac la nhdm thuc hanh ngn ddn chd mdi, gidi phdng lao ddng vg mdt kinh tg, la tign tdi xd hdi khdng cdn giai cap va dau ttanh giai cap, gidi phdng con ngudi khdi dp biic, bdc lot, bat edng.
La hgc ttd xuat sde cua C.Mdc vd Ph.Angghen, V.l.Lenin da van dung sdng tao quan nigra vg thye hien dan chii gdn lign vdi chuygn chinh thdi ky qua dO d nude Nga sau Cach mgng Thang Mudi. Digu dd duoc thg hi?n nhu sau:
Mdtla, nhung nam dau, ngay sau Cdch mang Thdng Muoi, do digu kien chdng thu ttong gidc ngodi, V.I.Lenin ddc biet nhan manh tinh chat vd chiic ndng ttdn dp bdng bao lire ciia chuygn chinh. V.I Lenin vigt: "Chuyen chinh la mdt ehinh quygn di,ra true tiep vao bgo lire va khdng bi mdt ludt phdp nao hgn che cd"'^'. "...Chuyen chinh Id mdt chinh quydn sdt, cd diing khi cdch mgng vd
nhanh ehdng, thdng tay khi can ttdn dp bgn bdc lot eung nhu bgn luu manh"'^. Cdn nhan manh ehiic nang bao Iuc vi, ttong giai doan nay, van edn nhigu bgn luu manh va giai cap bdc Idt tuy da hi lat dd nhimg ludn nudi hy vpng ttd lai cdm quyen. Bpn chiing mudn bien hy vpng dd thanh boat ddng lat dd. Hon niia, khi mgt xa hpi radi hinh thanh, ben egnh nhiing nhdn td mdi, tidn bd, thi nhiing tan du lac hdu ciia xa hdi cu, nhung phan tii hii bai... van chua mdt di hdn, chiing an ddt, ehd thdi ca dg thue hien nhung boat ddng ehdng pha chinh quygn non tig. Do do, de bao ve chinh quygn xd viet mdi thi can sii dung chuyen ehinh, tham chi ndu can thigt, phdi cd bdn tay sdt, phai dung bgo luc, ttdn dp.
Hai la, ttong thdi ky xdy dung ddt nudc, V.l.Lenin da chi rd, thuc chat ciia "Chuyen ehinh khdng phai chi cd nghia Id bao luc"*^' ma "chuygn ehinh eiia giai cap vd san nhat thiet phai dua dgn chd khdng nhiing thay ddi nhiing hinh thiic vd nhirng thigt ehe dan chii ndi chung, ma chinh la phai thay ddi chiing thg nao dg rao rpng nen dan ehu den rapt miie do chua tung cd tten the gidi cho nhiing giai cdp lao ddng hi chii nghia tu bdn dp biic"'^^ Khdng dinh digu ndy, V.I Lgnin da cho chiing ta thdy, ttong cdeh mgng vd sdn vd sau Cdeh mang Thdng Mudi. do ddt nude edn nhieu cac the luc chdng ddi, phan dgng ndn tdt ygu phai su dimg bao luc. Nhung sau khi each mang da thdnh cdng va dat nudc dan di vao dn dinh thi thuc hien chuygn chinh khdng chi la dimg bao Iuc, khdng chi la sii dung edng eu qudn dpi. canh sat de tidn dp eac the Iuc phdn dgng, ma quan ttpng hon la xay dung chinh quyen, md rgng ddn ehii eho nhdn dan lao ddng. Ndi each khde, chuyen chinh ttong thdi ky qud dd Id xdy dung chinh quyen nha nudc dan ehii kidu mdi, xdy dung ngn ddn chii thuc chat hon, tign bd ban chinh quygn chuyen chinh tu san. Do vdy:"...
LY LUAN CHlNH TRI-So 10/2020
^ NGHigN Ctfu - PHATTRliN Lt LUAN
nhd nudc ttong thdi ky dd tdt nhien phai la mdt nha nude dan chii kieu mdi (ddn chu ddi vdi nhiing ngudi vd sdn va ndi chung nhung ngudi khdng ed ciia), va chuyen chinh kieu mdi (chdng giai cap tu sdn)"'"". Vay la, sau khi cdch mang vd san gianh dugc thdng Ipi phai thidt lap mdt ndn dan chil mdi, ngn ddn chu XHCN. Vi thg, dudi nen ddn chii Xd viet, cde quygn tu do, ddn chii ea ban eua edng ddn nhu tu do hdi hgp, tu do di lai, tu do bdo ehi... duge thue hign ttong tiiue tg cho hdu hdt nhdn dan lao dgng. Theo do, ngn dan chii XHCN mang tinh nhdn ddn rdng rdi. Trong XHCN, tdt cd cdc td chiic ehinh tri - xa hdi, cde doan tiig va mgi cdng dan dgu dupe tiiam gia vao cdng viec ciia nha nude (bdng thdo ludn, gdp y kien xay dung chinh saeh, hien phap, phap ludt...). Mpi cdng ddn dgu dupe bdu eu, ung cuvd de cu vao cdc ca qugn nhd nude ede cdp. Siic sdng eiia ngn dan chu XHCN chinh la su thara gia ddng dao eiia nhan dan lao ddng vao qudn Iy nhd nude, quan ly xa hdi. Nhdn ddn ed quyen Idra chu ttong tat ea ede linh vuc cua ddi sdng xa hOi, tii kinh te, chinh tri, vdn hda, xa hdi. Ngudi viet
"todn bd quygn li^ tdi t:ao ttong nude phdi thugc vg cde dai bieu ciia nhdn ddn, do nhdn dan bau ra,ed thg hi nhdn dan bai ehiic bdt ciiltic ndo""".
Thue tiin lich sii xa hdi loai ngudi ciing da chiing ramh, mpi xa hgi cdn phan chia giai cap thi cdn tdn tgi ehuydn chinh, ke ea xa hOi tu sdn.
Digu dd cung da duge V.l.Lenin khdng dinh:
"Nhiing hinh thtic ciia nhd nudc tu sdn thi hgt siie khdc nhau nhung thue chdt chi Id mdt:
chung quy Igi thi tat ca nhiing nhd nudc ay. vd ludn the ndo ciing tat nhien phai la nen ch uyen chinh tu san""^'. Trong xay dung CNXH hien thuc eiing cho thdy, dan chii XHCN ciing bao ham dan ehii vd chuyen ehinh. Tuy nhien, cd khdc nhau ve bdn chdt, bdi ngn ddn chii xd hdi chii nghia la ngn dan chii kidu mdi vd chuyen
ehinh kieu mdi, ngn ddn chii XHCN cd ca sd kinh tg Id chg dp cdng him ve nhiing tu lieu sdn xuat ehii yeu, la "Dan chu cho tuyet dai da sd nhdn ddn va trdn dp bdng vu Iuc bgn bdc lot, bgn dp biic nhdn dan, nghia la tudc bd ddn ehii ddi vdi bgn chiing: do la su bign ddi eiia chd do dan chii ttong thdi ky qua do tii chu nghia tu ban len chu nghia cOng san""^'. Trong ngn dan chii XHCN, tinh nhan ddn rdng rai khdng tdch rdi ban chdt giai cdp cdng nhdn; vigc thuc hien dan ehii ddi vdi giai cdp cdng nhan va ddng ddo nhdn dan lao ddng khdng tdch rdi vi?e han che dan ehii, thdm ehi tudc dogt dan chii ddi vdi bgn bdc lot. Bdi, ttong cde xa hdi ed giai cap va nhd nudc, ddn ehii Id cdng cu, phuong tien dupe giai cdp thdng trj diing de tning cd, bao ve dja vi thdng tri ciia minh thdng qua luat hda cdc quygn cdng ddn, quygn con ngudi; nhung ddng thdi, dan chu ciing la nggn eddg giai cap hi thdng tri ddu tranh gidnh vd bdo v? cdc quygn eiia minh. Chu tich Hd Chi Minh ciing da khdng dinh: "Ddn chii vd chuyen chinh di ddi vdi nhau. Mudn dan ehu thue su phai chuyen chinh thuc su vi khdng chuygn chinh thue stt, bgn thii dieh se lam hai ddn chii ciia nhan dan... Ddn chii va chuyen chinh Id quan h$ mat thigt vdi nhau""'". Dudi chg dp tu bdn, phong kign, chuygn chinh Id sd it ngudi ehuyen chinh vdi dgi da sd nhan dan.
Dudi chg dp dan chii nhan ddn, chuygn chinh la dai da sd nhdn ddn chuyen chinh vdi thilu sd phdn dgng chdng lai loi ich eiia nhdn dan, chdng lgi chg do ddn chu nhan ddn.
2. Thirc hanh dan chii va chuyen chinh thdi ky tru&c doi mdi
Qud tiinh xay dung CNXH hien thue d mgt sd nude tten thg gidi. do gidi quygt khdng diing mdi quan hg giua dan chii vd ehuyen chinh nen da ddn ddn sai ldm nghiem ttong. Luc bdy gid. cde nudc XHCN da nhdn tiiiic chua dung tinh tiidn
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cda chii nghia Mde - Lenm ve mdi quan he giiia chuyen ehinh va ddn chu ttong xay dung xd hdi mdi. Gian lupc hda vdn dg ndy eua ehii nghia Mdc - Lgnin thanh cdng thiic gido digu, xa rdi didu kien lieh sii - cu the. Nhdt la sau khi V.I.Lenin mdt, giai doan dau xuat hien xu hudng cudng digu, ta khuynh ttong vdn de ddu ttanh giai cap, tuygl ddi hda ehuyen chinh vd san bdng each dg cao vai ttd eiia bgo luc. Xu hudng nay cho rdng, bao luc Id phuong phap bao vg nha nude chuygn chinh vd sdn, do dd, chua ehu ttpng diing miic ddn xay dung ngn dan chu XHCN vd ca chg de bdo ddm dan chii. Trong thuc te, tinh ttang chuygn quygn, ddc doan, mat dan chii khd phd bign d cdc nude XHCN hidn thuc. Thdi gian sau, lgi xuat hien xu hudng hudng Idng chuygn chinh.
Xu hudng nay eho rdng, can chuyen tu nhd nudc chuygn ehinh vd san dgn nhd nude todn dan. Bdi ddy la giai doan radi ttong su phdt trien ctia nha nude XHCN, la mdt edt mde cue ky quan tigng tten con dudng td chiic nhd nude XHCN tiidnh che dp tu qudn ttong xd hgi cdng san chii nghia.
Tign Ign chii nghla edng sdn, ddng mdc xit - Igninnit sg ttd thanh dang ciia todn dan. "Dang mdcxit - leninm'l cua ehung ta vdi tu each Id chinh dang ciia giai cdp cdng nhan, bidn thdnh dang ciia toan thg nhan dan". Nhung van de ly ludn vg "xa hdi khdng cd giai cap", "nha nude toan dan" va "dang todn dan", la khuynh hudng phii dinh ehuyen chinh vd san, coi nhe chiic ndng ttdn dp ttong ehinh sdch ddi ndi eiia nhd nude, phii nhan vai ttd lanh dgo cua Dang Cdng san dd gdp phan ddn dgn sup dd ciia CNXH hien thuc d Lien Xd va Ddng Au.
6 Viet Nam thdi ky trudc ddi mdi, ehiing ta cung dd nhgn thiic khdng day du vi chuyen chinh, qud tuyet ddi vai tid ciia bao luc ttong nha nude chuyen ehinh vd sdn ma chua quan tam dung miic tdi vdn de xay dung nen dan chii
XHCN. Ddc biet, ttong thdi ky eai each rudng ddt cua Viet Nam, chung ta da cue doan khi giai quygt van dg giai cap, khdng phd hpp didu kien lich su - eu the. Trong he thdng chuyen ehinh vd san thdi ky trudc ddi mdi (1986), mdi quan he giiia Dang, Nha nuoc vd nhdn dan d tiing don vi chua dugc xdc dinh that rd, moi bd phdn, mdi td chiic ttong he thdng chuyen chinh vd san chua lam tdt chiic nang eua minh. Che dp ttdch nhigm khdng nghidm, phdp chg XHCN cdn nhidu thidu sdt. Bd may nhd nudc cong kgnh vd kem hieu qua; ca quan ddn cu cac cdp dupe lua chpn, bdu CLt vd hogt ddng mdt cdch Mnh thiic.
Su lanh dgo eiia Dang ehua ngang tam nhiing nhiem vu eiia giai dogn mdi, ehua ddp iing dugc yeu cau giai quyet nhigu van dg kinh tg -xa hdi ea bdn va cap bach. Vi vdy, ttong Van kign Hdi nghi ldn tini sau Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uang khda VI (3-1989) lan dau tien Ddng ta sii dung khdi niem "he thdng chinh tri" thay cho khdi nigra "chuyen chinh vd san" nhdm ttdnh hieu nhdm. cii chuygn chinh la diing bao luc vd ehuyen chinh la ddi lap vdi ddn chii. CQng tai Hgi nghi nay, Dang ta khdng dinh nguyen tdc xdy dung nen dan chii vdi nhdn ddn nhung ehuyen chinh vdi ke thii: "Xaydungnen dan chu xa hoi chu nghia, phdt huy quygn lam chu cua nhan dan tten mgi linh vuc cua ddi sdng xa hdi vua la muc tieu vira la ddng luc ciia su nghiep xay dung chu nghia xa hdi. Dan chu phai di ddi vdi tap tmng, vdi ky ludt, phdp ludt, vdi y thiic ttdch nhiem cdng dan. Dan chd phii cd lanh dao, lanh dgo de phdt huy dan ehii diing hudng; mdt khac phai lanh dao bdng phuong phap ddn ehii tten CO sd phdt huy dan chii. Ddn chii vdi nhdn ddn nhung phai nghiem tri nhiing ke phd hoai thdnh qua each mang, an ninh ttgt tu va an todn xa hdi""^'. Thuc hien nguygn tdc nay Id xdy dung ndn ddn chii XHCN vi nhdn dan, phdt huy quyen
LVLUAN CHlNH TRI-So 10/2020
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N G H I £ N c t f u - PHATTRliN LY L U A NTre em Viet Nam duac bdo ddm quyen hgc hdnh _ Anh: http:/Aapphap vn
ldm chii eua nhan dan. Ddng thdi, dan chii phai di ddi vdi ky cuong, phdp luat va nghiem tri nhiing ke phd hogi thanh qud cdch mgng XHCN ciing nhu lam thdt bai mpi dm muu, thii doan
"dign bign hda binh" eiia ede thg luc thii dieh.
3. Giai quygt moi quan h^ giiia dan chu va tang cyfmg phap che o Vift Nam hifn nay
Tinh hinh thye thi ddn chii a nude ta ttong nhirng nam gan ddy dd cd su tidn bd ddng ke.
Trong van kign Dai hdi XII cd mgt mge rieng (mue XIII ciia Bdo cdo chinh oi) da trinh bay, ddnh gid mgt each sdu sdc tinh hinh, thdnh tuu, ban che; nguyen nhan ciia thdnh tuu, ban chg va cdc phuong hudng, nhi^m vu phat huy dan chii, bao dam quygn lam ehii eiia nhdn ddn.
Ngodi ra, tirtii than phdt huy dan chii XHCN, bdo ddm quygn lam ehii eua nhan dan cdn dupe thg hien xuyen sudt ttong toan bp cdc van kien
ciia Dgi hdi va thg hign khd tap trung ttong cde muc ve ddi mdi md hinh tang truong, ca edu lgi ngn kinh tg, day manh cdng nghiep hda, hien dgi hda ddt nudc; hodn thien the chg, phdt tridn kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng XHCN; ddi moi cdn ban vd todn dien gido due ddo tao, phdt trien ngudn nhdn lye; xdy dung va phdt trign vdn hda, con ngudi; quan ly phdt trien xa hdi, thue bidn tign bd edng bdng xa hdi; phdt huy sue manh dgi doan ket toan dan tdc; xay dung, hodn thien Nha nudc phdp quygn XHCN... Nhiing khdng dinh tten cho thdy, muc tieu ciia Dang la ludn hudng tdi xay dung ngn ddn chu XHCN vi nhan ddn.
Hign nay, cac the lire tiiii dich lgi dgng vdn dg "dan chii" de xuyen tac ehii truong, dudng ldi ciia Dang nhdm ehuyen hda ngn ddn chii 6 nudc ta. Tren mgt sd ttang mang xa hpi, cac thg
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lue thii dieh rdu rao rdng Vidt Nam khdng cd dan ehii, che dg xa hdi md Vigt Nam dang xay dung la chd dd dgc dang toan tri; "chiing ndo d Vi$t Nam chi cd ddc nhdt mdt dang Idnh dao thi ehiing dd khdng thd ndi tdi mdt ngn dan chii chan chinh dupc"(!);...; rdng 6 Viet Nam mudn cd ddn chu thuc su thi phai hgi nhap vao xu the da dang nhu nude ngoai hg da tCmg Iam va da dgn Iiic Dang Cdng sdn Viet Nam phai ddi mdi hpc thuygt, dudng ldi, tim ra md hinh mdi mang
"ban chdt ddn chi", hda nhdp vdi "thg gidi dan ehii"; ehiing day manh chien luge "diln bien hda binh" de chdng pha each mang nude ta. Dg thtrc hi?n dugc am muu nay, chiing phu nhan chu nghia Mdc - Lenin, coi Chu tich Hd Chi Muih chi Id ngudi theo chu nghia dan tdc chii khdng phdi la ngudi cgng san. Viee Chii tich Ho Chi Minh van dyng ehii nglua Mdc - Lenin vao hodn cdnh Vigt Nam Id sai lam, la nguygn nhan kim ham su phdt trign cua dat nude; chiing triet de Ipi dung, khoet sau nhung han che, thidu sdt ttong thuc hien ehu truang, ehinh sdch eua Dang, phap ludt eiia Nha nudc, nhiing suy thodi vg tu tudng ehinh tri, dao diic, ldi sdng ciia rapt bd phdn edn bd, dang vien, loi dung cae vu viec phiie tgp xay ra d ttong nudc de xuydn tac, bdi nhg Dang, Nhd nudc... Ddy la nhiing dm muu, thii doan thdm ddc eiia cae thg lue thu dich nhdm phii nhdn vai ttd Idnh dgo cua Dang, phii nhgn nhiing thdnh tuu ttong thuc thi dan chu d nudc ta. Vi vdy, can khdng dinh: dan chii phai gdn lign vdi chuyen chinh, vdi ky cuong, ky luat, vdi ttgt tu xa hdi. Chuyen chinh khdng phai la muc dieh cua ddn chu ma la phuang tien bao ve ngn dan chii XHCN. Chuyen chinh dupe chd dp dan chii XHCN sii dung dg bao ve nhiing lgi Ich eiia nhdn dan, ehdng lgi nhiing ke di ngugc Ipi ich ciia nhdn dan, di ngupe lgi che do dan chu ciia nhan dan. Ddng tiidi, ddn chu XHCN la muc
tieu, la ddng luc cua nhd nudc phdp quygn XHCN d Viet Nam hien nay.
Van kien Dgi hdi XII (2016) ciia Ddng khdng dinh: "Phdt huy dan ehii phai di Ugn vdi tang eudng phdp chg, de eao trach nhiem edng ddn, giii vung ky luat, ky cuong va dg cao dao dire xa hdi""^'. Ddc biet, ttong Du thao vdn kien Dgi hdi x n eiia Dang da bd sung mdi quan he thii mudi can phai giai quyet ttong nhiem ky tdi la: thuc hanh dan chu va tang citdngphap che, bio dim k^ cuong xa hpi Day la chu truang diing ddn tten ea sd Iy ludn ciia ehu nghla Mac - Lenin vg mdi quan he giiia dan ehu vd chuygn chinh, ddng thdi phii hpp vdi nhu cdu thuc tign Viet Nam hien nay.
De giai quyet tdi mdi quan hg thue hdnh dan chu vd tang cudng phdp chg, bao dam ky cuong xa hdi, hien nay chiing ta can thue hien tdt nhiem vu sau:
Mpt la, tiep tuc xay dyng va hoan thien nhd nudc phdp quygn XHCN ciia nhdn ddn, do nhdn ddn, vi nhan ddn. Vi chi ed nhd nude phap quygn XHCN mdi cd day du ca sd khdeh quan de gidi quyet hdi hda cac quan he Ipi ich ttong xa hdi;
phdt huy dugc day dii quyen ddn chu eiia nhdn ddn, dam bao quyen sdng. quygn dugc ldm viee, dugc lao ddng, duge hpc hanh, dam bao an ninh ttdi tu. an toan xa hdi; mgi dudng ldi, chii truong eiia Dang, chinh sdch, phdp lugt eiia Nhd nudc xuat phat tii nguyen vpng, quygn vd Ipi ich chinh dang ciia nhdn dan, duoc nhdn ddn tiiam gia y kien vd d dd ddn ehii dupe thuc hien day dii, nghiem tiie tten tat ca cde Unh vuc cua ddi sdng xa hdi. Ddng thdi, nha nude phdp quygn XHCN cflng la CO sa de thuc hien dan chu di ddi vdi ky cuang ttat tu. dan chii dugc the che hda thdnh phdp luat vd ttong khudn khd ciia phdp lugt, se nghidm tii nhirng ai Ipi dung ddn chu de true lgi ca nhdn, phd hoai thdnh qua ciia cdch mang.
L Y L U A N C H I N H TRI-So 10/2020
ELNC
NGHIEN CCrU - P H A T T R I E N L * L U A NHal' la, vin d e d a n c h u c o l i e n q u a n m a t t h i e t vol viec duy tri tir do dan cliu va k^ cuong, ky luat trong nhan dan. Do vay, can tang cuong phap che, tang cuong quan ly mgi hoat dong cua xa hoi, xay dimg he thong phap luat ngay cang d% du, hoan thien hon. Ddng thoi, kien quyet. Men tri dau tranh voi mpi hanh vi sal trai ciia cic the luc phan dgng lgi dimg dan chu dg chdng pha each mang nuoc ta. Chung ta phai tuyet doi de cao canh giac, dau tranh khong khoan nhugng vol cac phdn tu co hpi, phan dOng quyet tam giii viing an ninh chinh tri - xa hdi, an toan xa hpi, thanh qua cua each mang va n i n dan chu XHCN.
Ba la, quygt tam chdng te quan lieu, tham nhung ttongbO may nha nuoc va trong he thSng chinh tri. Mudn chdng quan lieu, tham nhung triet de can phai co ngn phap tri nghiem minh, khong dugc ai diing ngoai va diing tren phap luat. Ddng thdi, dg bai tru can benh nay, V.l.Lenin cho ring, can phai "phat trien dan chu dgn ciing""^... Thuc tg trong thdi gian gan day, cdng tac dSu tranh phong, chdng tham nhung cila Dang, Nha nudc ta da dat kgt qua toan dien.
Chl tinh tii dau nhiem ky khda XII dgn nay. Dang ta da thi hanh ky luat gan 100 can bd cao cap thugc dien Trung uong quan ly; mpt sd can bp da hi xij ly hinh su. Qua dd, da khang dinh quan diem "khong cd vung cam, khdng co ngoai le, b£tt ke ngudi dd la ai" trong phdng, chdng tham nhiing nh^m lam trong sach he thdng chinh tri, xay dung ngn dan chu XHCN.
Mdi quan he giua dan chii va chuygn chinh, k j cuong, ky luat tdn tai khach quan d moi nen dan chii. Van de quan ttgng la dan chu cho ai va chuygn chinh voi ai. 6 Viet Nam hien nay, viec xay dung va thuc hanh dan chu XHCN la muc tieu, dpng luc cua CNXH. Ddng thdi, tang cudng phap che, b4o dam ky cuong xa hgi la cSch thiic
bag vg thanh qua each mang va nen dan chu XHCN. W vay, chung ta khdng tuygt ddi hda m j t nao va cung khdng dugc coi nhe mjt nao. Vol ddi tugng dan chd cue dgan, ddi tupng vi pham phap luat, cungnhucicdiglucthudich, chung ta cSn dau ttanh khdng khoan nhuong, ngSn chan va triing tti thich dang. Vdi nhan dan, cfa tigp tuc xay dung va hoan thien nha nudc phdp quygn XHCN cua nhan dfa, do nhfa dfa va vi nhfa dfa nhu muc tigu cua Dfag dua ra ttong cac vfa kien gfa day •
(1) C.MSc va PhAigghen: Toin t$p, t.4, Nxb Chinh tti qudc gia, HaNpi, 1995, tt.469 - 470.
(2) CMac va PhAngghen: Toin tip, t.l, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Ndi, 2002, tt.350.
(3), (4) C.Mac va PhAngghen: Toin tip, t.7, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Ndi,1993, tt.48,126.
(5) CMac va Ph Angghen: Toan tap, t.l7, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Npi, 1994, tr.454.
(6), (9) V.l.Lenin: Toan tip, t.37, Nxb Chinh oi qudc gia. Ha Npi, 2005, tt.296,608.
(7) V.I.Lenin: Toin tap, t.36, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, HaNgi,2006, a-.240.
(8) V.I.Lenm: Toan tip, tse, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, HaNpl,2006,tt.442.
(10), (12), (13), (17) Vl.Lenin: Toin tap, t.33, Nxb Chinh tti qudc gia. Ha Npi, 2005, tt.43,44,109 97, (11) V.I.Lenin: Toin tap, t.32, Nxb Chfnh tii qudc gia,HaNOi,2005, tt.180.
(14) Hd Chl Minh: Toan tap, t.ll, Nxb Chinh tti qudc gia, Ha Ndi, 2011, tt.247.
(15) DCSVN: VSn kien Dang Torn tap. t.49, Nxb Chinh tti qudc gia, Ha Npi, 2007, tt.59i .592 (16) DCSVN: VSn kien Bai hfi dai bitu toan quoc Ian ihliXlI. Nxb Chinh tti qudc gia. Ha Npi 2016 tt.l70.
l*lU/lNCHiNHTR!-So10/2020
