CHU NGHIA QUOC TE VO SAN CUA V.I.LENIN
• PGS, TS PHAM THAI VIET Hoc vien Ngoai giao
• Tom tdt: Ben canh nh&ng dong gdp ldn lao ve ly luan ndi chung V.LLenin con cd cong ldn trong viec phdt triin chu nghia quoc tevo sdn tren cd hai phUdng dien - ly luan vd thUc tien. Quan diem lich sti- cu thevd quan diem thUc tiin la nhiing cdch tiep can khoa hgc, khdch quan, khong the thay the, giiip thdu hieu vd ddnh gid het tdm voc cua nhiing di sdn md V.LLenin delai. Vdi VLLenin, chu nghia quoc tevo sdn khong phdi Id mgt menh de triiu tUdngmd Id phong trdo vd hdnh dgngcu the cua nhiing ngiidi vo sdn trUdchodn cdnh lich sti dang bien doi; Id nguon trd lUc manh me cho phong trdo gidi phdng ddn tgc cua cdc ntidc bi dp htic bdi chu nghia dequoc; giiip giai cdp vo sdn thUc hien sti menh gidi phong todn nhdn loai khoi sU dp htic, bdc lot cua chu nghia tii hdn... Trong ky nguyen todn cdu hda hien nay, quan diem cua V.LLenin vechu nghia quoc tevo sdn vdn con nguyen gid tri.
• Tti khoa: VLLenin, chu nghia quoc te, chu nghia qudc tevo sdn.
1. Chu nghia quoc te va Chu nghia quoc te vo san
Trong khoa hpc chinh tri, khdi niim" chii nhia quocte"/ (Internationalism) dung de chi quan diim vd thuc tiln cua su hap tac xuyin/lien qudc gia hoac hpp tic toin ciu.
Thunhit, nhung ngudi theo quan diim chu nghia qudc t i cho rdng: lodi ngudi cd nhiing lpi ich chung vugt qua khudn khd ve chung tdc, dan tdc, nhd nudc, vdn hda; don cii nhu cac lgi ich din til viic bao vi mdi trudng, bao vi cdc gid tri nhdn dao, tinh da dang van hda, siic khde cdng ddng, xda ddi ngheo, chdng bdt bmh dang gidi...
Bdi vdy, suhgp tdc vupt qua nhiing ranh gidi ndi ttin de thuc hiin nhting lgi ich chung la mgt xu hirong phat triin tat yiu cua nhan loai; chi cd dilu nd den sdm hay mudn ma thdi.
Thiihai, hp cting cho rdng: hpp tdc tao ra siic manh va Ipd ich nhieu hon so vdi nhiing gi xung ddt mang lai. Dieu nay dd dugc chting thuc bdi trang thai ciia cac xa hdi nam trong ldng nhi nudc - dan tdc (nation-state): cac xa hdi cd lien ket dn dinh, hda binh ludn tdt hon cdc xd hdi xung dot vd chiin tranh. Tuy nhien, su hen kit vd hpp tdc nhu vdy lai chua dugc dp dung thda dang ttong mdi trudng quan he qudc ti truyin thdng. Cho din nay, quan he giiia cac nha nudc - ddn tdc vl co ban van mang nang sac thdi "vd chlnh phu", "tu luc" vd "canh tranh".. .Y tudng ndy ciia chu nghia qudc te dd ddt nen mdng cho su hinh thanh Qudc Hdi Liin (trudc do) vd Liin Hpp qudc {hien nay).
Trong ky nguyin thdng tm va toan cdu hda, chu nghia qudc te hien dang cd dupe nin tang
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KY NIEM 150 N A M N G A Y SINH V.I.LENINVLLemn phat trien vd dtea hoc thuyet Mdc vdo thuc tien cho phong trdo cong sdn tlie gidi _ Anh: TL
hiin diuc de bam r l vd phdt triin. Chiing ta dang ddi mat vdi mdt thuc t i la: b i n canh nhiing tuong tac giiia cdc nha nudc, quan he qudc t i cdn dugc cau thdnh tti mang ludi quan he va ttao ddi hoat ddng cua cdc chu the xuyin qudc gia, cac chii the phi nha nudc (nonstate actors) den tii hai khu vuc: dan su va thi trudng.
Nhiing ngudi ddt nen mdng cho chu nghia qudc t i ed the ke d i n nhu 1. Kant vdi phuong an "hda binh vinh viin" (Chu nghJa t h i gidi/
CosmopoUtanism - md hmh nha nudc tiie gidi) hay md hinh xa hdi todn cau cua nhiing ngudi theo chu nghia xa hdi khdng tudng...
Tuy nhien, chi d i n C.Mdc, chu nghia qudc t i mdi that su phat ttien len mdt cdp do mdd ve chat. Bdi day la md hinh khdng dua vdo "nhd nudc - dan tdc", khdng lay "nhd nudc - dan tdc"
lam trung tam va ldm don vi cda h i tiidng - nhu da tiing cd ttudc day. Thay vao dd, Ong coi giai
cdp v6 sdn la mdt chu t h i quan he qudc te co ban. Mang ludi h i n ket xuyen qudc gia cua nhung ngudd cdng nhan se tao ra siic manh de xdabd h i thdng quan h i qudc t i duong thdi vdn Idy nha nudc - ddn tdc lam tiamg tdm. Minh de
"V6 san toan the gidi h i n hiep lai" ttong "Tuyen ngon ciia Ddng Cdng sdn" da ttd thdnh khdu hiiu cua Qudc t i cdng sdn I do C.Mdc sdng lap.
Trong chu nghia qudc te vd san cua C.Mac, dd khdng cd ch5 cho cdc nhd nudc - ddn tdc.
Bdt chdp su khae biit vl qudc gia, chiing tdc hay van hda, gjai cap cdng nhan d tdt ca cdc nudc deu cd lgi ich gidng nhau. Hg (giai cdp cdng nhan) dai diin cho luc lugng san xudt tiinbd, co tinh xa hdi hda cao, vugt ra khdi khudn khd nhd hep duoc vach ra bdi cdc dudng bien gidi qudc gia, va do dd, hg ddi lap vdi ben kia la giai cdp tu san - nhting ngudi dai diin cho quan he san xuat dua ttin tu hiiu vd dugc hdu thudn bdi nhd nudc - dan tdc.
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Ddy la ca s6 khach quan dl giai cdp vd san cd dupe chd ngtua qudc tedich thixr, dilu ma giai cdp tu san khdng the cd, bdi tinh quy dinh cd htiu cda giai cdp tu sdn la "tu hiiu" ma khdng phdi Id "xd hdi".
Cling theo Idgic ttin, di cudc each mang vd sdn thanh cdng, ddi hdi phai cd su phdi hgp qudc ti (todn thi gidi) cda nhting ngudi cdng nhdn.
Cdch mang vd san khdng thi nd ra d mdt nudc ma phdi diin ra dong loat ttong su tuong tac va hd ttgldn nhau tten todn the gidi. Y tudng ndy dd thuc day CMac khdi xudng mdt co chi phdi hgp hanh ddng cho giai cdp vd san cua eac nudc ttin thi gidd - dd chinh la Qudc ti Cdng san 1.
Nhu vdy, cd the thdy quan niem cua CMac ve chu nghia qudc t i khac hdn vdi cdc ly thuyet vl quan hi qudc ti lay nha nudc - dan tdc ldm trung tam. Vl thuc chat nd Id ly thuyet nham xda bd hi thdng ndy di thay vdo do la ttao quyln luc cho mang ludi xuyin qudc gia cda giai cap vd san nhdm thuc hiin mdt sii menh cao ea Id xda bd mgi chi dp ngudd bdc lot ngudd, xda bd giai cap, va dl nhiin la xda bd ludn cdng cu ttdn dp cua giai cap thdng tri dudi hinh thdi nhd nudc.
2. V.I.Lenin phat trien Chu nghia quoc te vosan
Phdt trien hpc thuyet Mac va dua nd vao thuc tiln la nhiing ddng gdp vi dai cua V.l.Lerun cho phong ttao cdng san thi gidi.
Se la phiin diin niu xem xet chu nghia qudc te vd san dV.I.Lenin tach khdi bdi canh lich sii cua 3 thdp nien ddu the ky XX Ddy la giai doan dugc ddnh ddu bdi nhiing su kiin Idm rung chuyen thi gidi nhu: Chidn ttanh the gidd thii 1, Cach mang Thang Mudi Nga, su hmh thdnh vd phat triin nhd nudc XHCN dau tien ttin thi gidi.
6day quan diim lich su- cu thivi quan diim thuc tiinla nhiing each tiep can khoa hgc, khdch quan, thich hgp va khdng thi thay thi, giup
chiing ta thdu hieu vd danh gia hit tam vdc cua nhting di san md V.LLinin de lai.
Cd the thay rdng, liin quan din chu nghia qudc t i vd san, tdt ca nhiing ludn diem da vd dang tan cdng V.LLinin nhan danh "bin trong" cting nhu "ben ngoai" deu thieu vdng chi'nh Id nhting nhan quan khoa hgc dac biit quan ttpng ndy.
V.I.Lenm dd nghiin ciiu vd phan tich mdt each thuc chiing hien thuc tu ban chu nghia luc bay gid va chi ra rdng: chti nghia tuban daphit triin din hinh thii tot cdng cua nd li chu nghia diqudc.
Chu nghia de qudc la ket qua cua su tap tnmg tu ban cao do dan din ddc quyln. Hmh thdi tu ban ndy thdng tri todn bg thi trudng ndi dia, cd kit vd dung nhap lpi ich cua giai cap tu san vdi nha nudc (nation-state). Tinh ttang ddc quyen khiin tu ban khdng thi gia tang lpi nhuan bdng each md rdng hon ntia thi trudng ndi dia hoac bdng cdch cdt giam canh ttanh - md phai bimg ra khdi khudn khd biin gidd cua nhd nudc - ddn tdc di tim kiem ngudn lpi nhuan mdd.
Chiin ttanh thi gidi thu I chfnh la he qua tdt yiu cua su phdt triin ndi ttin. Ddy la cudc chiin phdn chia lai the gidi, ttanh gidnh thi trudng, thudc dia vd khdng gian anh hudng cua cac tu ban dgc tai; la cudc chien ttanh cua chii nghia de qudc. Bdi vdy, giai cap cdng nhdn can hieu dung va can phai chdng lai cugc chiin ndy (phan chiin) thay vi iing hd cac nhd nudc - dan tdc cua nunh theo tmyen tiidng cua chu nghia yiu nudc.
Nhung nd luc phan chien cua giai cap cdng nhan ddi vdi chinh phu 6 ddt nudc cua hg - chinh la ldi thoat cho mdt nin hda binh tai chau Au.
Trong Nghi quyit cua Qudc ti Cdng san II ndm 1907 tai Suttgart, V.I.Linin da kiu gpi giai cdp vd sdn hudng den cudc cdch mang ttong nudc dl ldt do cac chinh phu cua hp.
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KV N I | M 150 N A M NGAY S I N H V.I.LGNIN6 day, quan diim qudc te vd san cua V.LLenin da thi hiin rdt rd: Nhung ngudi vo sdn can vugt thoat khdi khudn khd lpi ich nhd hep cua nha nudc - dan tdc di di din nhiing lgi ich rdng md, lau dai va mang tinh todn cau. Cung can luu y rdng, ddi vdi V.LLinin, ttong tinh hudng ndi trin, ehu nghia qudc ti vd san dugc hiiu khdng phai vdi tu cdch mgt minh de triiu tupng ma Id mdt phong ttdo vd hdnh ddng cu the cua nhiing ngudi vd san nhdm ung phd vdi hodn cdnh lich su dang bien ddi nhanh chdng.
Trong nhieu tac phdm, ddc biit la tdc pham
"Chii nghia di qudc giai doan tgt cimg cua chu nghia tu ban", V.I.Lenin da chi ra rdng, nhting ngudi cdng san dang dting trudc mdt budc ngodt ldn Hin quan den tinh the each mang; dd Id viic tdn tai cdi khd ndng nd ra cdch mang vd san d mdt nudc yiu kem ndm ttong chudi day chuyin cua chii nghia di qudc. Di chting minh luan diim quan trpng ndi ttin, ve mat ly luan, V.I.Linm dd ludn chiing dua vao stic manh ciia chii ngbia qudc te vd san, va vl mat diuc tiin - bdng cudc Cach mang Thdng Mudi Nga vT dai.
Liin quan din khia canh dau tien, V.LLenin chi ra rdng, mdu thudn giai cdp ttong ttong ldng cdc de qudc luc bay gid da dat den tinh hudng each mang; vd bdi vdy, viec nd ra cugc each mang d mdt nudc ttong sd dd la dieu hoan todn cd the vi nd nhdn dugc )amg luc cdch mang tii nhting nudc khac. Dd ciing chinh la biiu hien cu thi ciia chu nghia qudc ti vd sdn. Niu thiiu di chu nghia qudc te vd san xet tti phuong dien dd, cung se khdng cd bdt cti cudc cdch mang vd san ndo. Cdn nhiing ^ hin quan din khia canh thii hai thi da dupe cudc Cach mang Thdng Mudi Nga chung thuc day dd.
Khdng chi tham sau vao ly ludn, chu nghia qudc t i vd san cdn dan ddt cac chinh sach xdy dung vd bao ve nhd nudc vd sdn ddu tiin ttin thi gidi tai Nga. V.LLinm nhieu ldn khdng dinh: Nhd
nudc hau each mang 6 Nga chi cd the ttii viing khi cd su ling hd cua cdc phong ttdo cdng nhdn d cdc nudc chdu Au - su hdu thuan vd phdi hpp giiia giai cap vo san Nga vd vd san chdu Au Id dilu kien tien quyet cho su tdn tai cua chinh quyln Xdviit non tte.
Chinh quyen Xdviit da gdn chat lgi ich cua minh vdi phong trao each mang the gidd theo hai tuyen tuong hd: su tdn tai budc ddu cda nd (chinh quyln Xd viit) can din su hau thudn qudc t i cua giai cdp vd san; den lugt minh, nd la ca sd va chd dua cho su phdt trien cdch mang vd san todn thi gidi. Ddy qua la mdt dii du dien hmh ve
"bien chiing cua cai bd phan vd cai todn thi".
Mdt diim quan ttgng niia ttong ddng gdp cua V.LLinin chinh la viec tao cho chungbia qudc ti vd sankha nang dung hop vi tuong hd sdc manh cda giai cip vd san vdi siic manh cua cac dan toe bi ap biic tren the gidi. Chu nghia qudc ti vd san khdng chi don thudn la mang kit ndi siic manh giai cdp d cap do todn cau ttong cudc ddu ttanh chdng chu nghia tu ban, ma cdn Id ngudn ttg luc manh mi cho phong ttdo giai phdng cua nhting ddn tdc bi dp htic bdi chu nghia de qudc. Theo do, chu nghia qudc ti vo san dupe hinh dung nhu dia bdn giup giai cdp cdng nhdn tich luy sue manh tii nhieu ngudn de tiin din cudc each mang giai phdng todn nhdn loai, ddng thdi "xda bd chinh bdn than minh vdi tu each la mdt giai cap".
Bdi vay, cd the hieu dugc vi sao viec de cao tinh thdn qudc ti vd san d V.I.Linm lai khong loai bd di vdn dl ddn tde (nation). 6 day tuyet nhiin khdng tdn tai "ttd chod tdng bdng khong" theo nghia Id: qudc ti vd san loai trii ddn tdc; da cd cdi ndy till khdng cd edi kia - nhu mgt sd hgc gia phuang Tdy nhdn dinh. Vdi V.I.Lemn, khai niim
"nhanude'Vstatevdkhdi niim "ddn tdc"/nation la rdt rach rdi. Khdng phdi bdng ba cau sdu dilu ma "nhd nudc" biin thdnh "ddn tgc" va "ddn
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tdc" biin thdnh "nha nudc" thdng qua mdt khai niem trung gian map mdld "qudc gia". Cai ma chu nghia qudc ti vd san hudng din khdng phai la xda bd "dan tdc" ma Id "nhd nudc": vdi CMdc dd la "nha nudc" ndi chung - xet tii qua tnnh lich su- tu nhien; vai V.I.Linin - Id "nha nudc tu san"
- xet tii quan diim lich su cu thi.
V.I.Linm dat niem tin vdo sii menh cua chu nghia qudc tivd sdn nhung dng cung nhin thay khat vgng eua cua cdc dan tdc bi dp biic mudn ddc lap tu do. Ong ciing la ngudi ung hd manh mi cho quyen tu quyit dan tdc. Ong cho rdng, mdt ehu nghia quoc ti diing ddn la chu nghia qudc ti ung hd quyln tu quyit dan tdc.
Day cting la su phat trien tiip tuc quan diem ciia CMdc vl chti nghia qudc ti vd sdn. Nhung lan nay, V.LLinin da lay xung luc tu thuc tiln nudc Nga da ddn tde thdi ky hau each mang vd san. Quan dilm ddi vdi viic xdy dung nha nudc XHCN dau tien ciia V.LLinin la: Niu liin bang dugc hinh thdnh bdng cdeh bdc quyen tu quyit ddn tdc thi ciing chdng khac ^ chuyin mdt dan tgc ndytiidngtil dan tdc khac. Quan hi kiiu nhu vdy ve diuc chdt khdng khac gi chu nghia di qudc. Bdi vdy, Tuyen hdhda hinh dugc thao ngay sau khi each mang thanh cdng, da kiu gpi mdt nen hda bmh cdng bdng/dan chu; mdt nin hda binh ngay lap tiic khdng phai chd dgi; khdng can dat dai chiem doat; khdng cudng bdc sdp nhdp.
Mgt vdn kiin khde la Tuyen bd vi quyin cua Nhan dan Nga do chinh quyen Xdviit soan thao sau each mang cung ghi rd quyln cila nhan dan tdch ra vd xdy dung nha nudc riing (Tuyin bd dupe dang ttin Bao Sutftaf, ngay I6-ll-I917).Vd Lien bangXd viet da ra ddi theo tmh thdn dd.
Sau khi thdnh lap, nhd nudc Xdviit dd gia nhap he thdng quan he quoc te vdi tu cdch mdt
"nha nudc - ddn tdc" thdnh viin ttong hi thdng quan hi qudc ti. Tuy nhien, bin canh nhiing
hiep udc va thda thudn vdi cdc qudc gia khac, V.I.Linm vd nhting ngudi bdnsevich van khdng ngimg quan tdm bdi dap chu nghia qudc ti vd sdn, hd ttg cho phong ttdo vd san ttong tiin trinh hudng din cdeh mang todn thi gidi.
Nhu cau thue tiin hda eac yeu cdu cua chu nghia qudc tivd san ttong tinh hmh da xudt hien nha nudc vd san dau tien - ddn din su kien thdnh lap Qudc ti Cdng san III dudi su dan ddt cua V.I.Lenin. To chuc ndy nhdm hpp lan ddu vao thang 3-1919, thay dii cho nhiing td chuc qudc ti trude dd vdn hi chi phdi bdi nhiing ngudi theo tu tudng cdi each vd tu tudng Qudc Hdi Lien (tien than cua Liin Hgp qudc). Trong thdi gian tdn tai, Qudc te Cdng san III da hau thuan manh me phong trao cdeh mang tai Phdp, Due, Hung, Y...
Trdtsky da chi trich Qudc t i Cdng san III khi cho rdng, luan diem "chii nghia xd hdi thanh cdng ttong rapt nudc" da lara cho td ehiic ndy dudng nhu danh mat di muc tiiu "each raang vd san todn the gidi" di thay vao dd Id mdt dudng ldi gidng nhu "chinh sach ddi ngoai qudc gia"
nhdm bao ve lgi ieh cda nha nudc Xdviit.
Lien quan din phe phan ndy, V.I.Lenin da chi ra sai ldm cua Trdtsky ttong giai quyet mdi quan hi biin chiing gitia cai bp phan va cdi toan the;
giua quan diim lich su - cu thi va quan diem phat triin - ttong ly luan vl chu nghia qudc tivd san. Ddi vdi V.LLinm, muc tieu di din thdng lpi cudi cimg cua chu nghia qudc tivd san Id khdng bao gid thay ddi. Ong viit:
"Chting ta hoan toan dung ttin co sd ly luan cua Mac: ly luan dd la ly luan ldn dau tien da biin chu nghia xa hdl tir khdng tudng tiidnh khoa hgc;
ly luan dd da dung lin nhiing ca sd vung chdc cho khoa hgc ay vd vach rd con dudng ma chdng ta can phai theo, de phat triin khoa hpc dd them nua vd phdt huy nd vdi ddy du chi tiet. Ly luan ciia Mac da bdc ttdn ban chat nin kinh t i tu ban
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Kf NI|M 150 NAM NGAY SINH V.I.LGNIN chu nghia hien dai, bang cdch gidi thich cho chung ta thay rd viic diui mudn cdng nhdn, viic mua stic lao ddng da che day nhu t h i nao cho viic nd dich ciia mpt nhdra nhiing ten tu ban, dia chii, ehu xuong, chu md, v.v., doi vdi hdng triiu ngudi tay ttdng. Lyluan dd chirotodnbg suphat dien ciia chu nghia tu ban cd xu hudng lam cho sdn xudt ldn gat bd san xuat nhd nhu t h i ndo va dd tao ra nhu the ndo nhung dilu kiin khiin cd the vd cdn phai td ehiic xa hdi theo phuong thiic xd hpi chu nghia. Ly ludn dd day ta nhan rd rdng dang sau nhiing tap quan da an sdu, nhiing dm rauu chinh tri, nhiing luat le tinh vi vd nhting hpc thuyit ldt leo, la cudc diu tranh giai cap, cudc dau ttanh gitia tdt ca cac loai giai cap htiu san chdng quan chiing khdng cd tai san, chdng giai cip vd sin, giai cap ddn dau tat ca nhting ngudi khdng ed tai sdn. Ly ludn dd da chi ro nhiim vu that su cua radt dang xa hdi chu nghia each mang khdng phai la ddt ra nhting k i hoach cai tao xa hdi, khdng phai Id khuyin nhu bpn tu ban vd tdi td cua chting cai thien ddi sdng cho edng nhdn, khdng phai la sdp dat nhiing cudc dm muu, ma la td chuc cudc diu tranh giai cap cua giai cap vd san va lanh dao cudc diu tranh do ma muc dich cudi cdng la giai cap vd san gianh liy chinh quyen vitdchiicxahoixahdichunghIa"^^\Hon mdt t h i ky dd di qua ki tti khi Cach mang Thang Mudi Nga thdnh cdng, nhieu biin cd xuat hiin: he thdng xd hdi chu nghia d Ddng Au sup do, l i i n Xd giai thi, nhieu phong ttao cdnh ta phdt trien khdng cd rauc tiiu ro rang, td chtic ldng leo...Tinh hinh dd dang lam ddy len nhiing danh gia lai ddi vdi hgc thuyet Mac - Linin tti nhiiu phuong diin: b i n ttong cung nhu b i n ngoai, vdi nhung y kien ttdi ngugc nhau.
Bat chap nhiing nghi ludn dai ddng, cd mdt dilu khdng t h i phu nhan, dd la thuc tien. Viic each mang vd san tiianh cdng d mdt nudc la radt
thuc tiin; chu nghia xa hdi Id mdt Ihuc din; chu nglua qudc te vo san dd giup do thanh cdng phong ttdo gidi phdng ddn tgc d cac nudc diudc dia - dd cting la ragt thuc tten. "Thuc tiin Id thudc do chdn ly".
Nhdn loai da chting kiin tat ca nhiing su that dd vd cung chiing kiin nhting ddi thay cua chung. "Khdng cd chdn ly triiu tugng; chan ly ludn cu thi" (CMdc).
\^nhuvdydii nhiingddr^ dudi day cuaV.H«nin hdn cdn nguyin gid tri d i chung ta suy ngam:
"Khdng chuy d i n nhting dieu kiin da thay ddi ttr dd den nay, cti giti raai each giai quyet cu cua ehu nghia Mdc, nhu t h i tiie la trung thdnh vdi tiing cau chii cua hpc thuyit chii khdng tnmg thanh vdi tinh thdn cua hpc thuyit; nhu the tiic Id lap lai thudc long nhiing ket luan trudc kia, chu khdng biet van dtmg phuong phdp nghiin ciiu mac-xit de phan tich tinh hinh chlnh tri mdi"'^'.
"Chiing ta khdng h i coi ly ludn cua Mdc nhuld radt cai^daxongxudi ban vdbatkha xdm pham;
ttdi lai, chiing ta tm rdng iy ludn dd chi dat nen radng cho radn khoa hgc ma nhtrng ngudi xd hgi chu nghia can phai phat trien hon niia vl mgi mat, n i u hp khdng mudn tta thdnh lac hau ddi vdi cudc sdng. Chiing tdi nghi rdng nhiing ngudi xd hdi chu nghia d Nga ddc biet can phai tuminh phat triin hon nua ly ludn cua Mdc, vi ly ludn ndy chl dera nhtingnguyin ly ch/dao chung, cdn viec dp dung nhiing nguyen ly ay thi, xet rieng timg nai, b Anh khdng gidng d Phap, 6 Phap khdng gidng dDuc, oDuc khdng gidng dNga"'^! g
(1), (3) V.I.Lemn: Torn tap, t.4. Nxb Tien bg, Matxcava, 1978, tt.230-231.
(2) VLLenin: Toan tap, t.7. Nxb Tiin bg, Matxcova, 1979,tt.291.
LV LUAN CHiNH TRj-So4/2020
