Quan he giua phat trien kinh te ndng thdn va bao ve mdi truong
Vo Thi Tuyft Hoa Tnmg Oiinli tn
^uan hd ndi ldn su php Ihudc lan nhau cua cac pyeu Id ttong mdl hd ttidng nhil dlnh. Trong qua ttinh phit ttidn, kinh te ndng Uion CKTNTl 5 vd mdl ttudng (BVMT) cd moi quan he tic ddng qua lai lin nhau d c i hai mil ttch cue vi Udu Phit ttidn KTNT inh hudng ddn BVMT tten hai pfiuong dlfn:
Thd nhdt, dnh hudng tich circ
cd thd Uiiy cac ngudn luc co bin BVMT gdm: ngudn BWr,...), KHCN, ngudn nhan luc,... Khl KTNT phil tndn se gop phin nghidn cuu va Ung dung cdng nghe
CM Skf nhi """'r^i '^ ""^ '^-i "She' S
^ ^ vi d T S'*","^!*" <• "hiSm, bio ton thien w f s f ,f ^ « 1"* '">'=• " 8 " * '"" »'"S a ndng S ^ t , t j ? " * " ' ^ '='"^ y^" *vc hidn cdng ,i°
BMOT. Mi khac, khi KTNT phal uidn, vide diu lu bio M ™ , ? ^ - f? " ^ """^ ""^"^ ' " ' " ' ' * " lung muc.
?nm • ^^° '^^' "'"^ ^ 800/QB-Trg, ngay 04-6- 2010, cua ITiu hid^g Chinh phu phe duydt V h Z i t innh Mgc Udu qudc gia vd xiy dung ndng thdn m j Sd?d „« T ""J""^" "*' •"'"g cin Uiuc hidn trong
» „ „, T "1 "^P '"^ """^ >"*" Chuong irinh Mpc Udu qudc gia vd nuPc s,ch va vd sinh moi L h i g ndng
tl^lt^l 'fh """' ';:•* ""^ "°"S 'hdn ttdn
17 vd mdl ttudng ttong Bp Udu cW qudc gla ve xav M r s d u ' ? T " " " ? • ^*= """^ "'*" ChLig u S Cd^ tic S "?"'' ? " ^ P"*' " = " '>°"' " ^ S "h".
Cdng tic BWr cung duoc quan lim hon. Vi Uid vdi
StuS^ T ^^' '^y "^S ™"g 'h'^n '"-is' 1™
didu kidn gdp phin BVMT.
citfSnl-* f"^ 5 ° " P''^' « * " ^•'i cic md hinh va cich Uiuc sin xuit Uiin Uudn voi mdi ttiiono se tao hdn dd Whig chic cho bio Vd mdi ttpdngSig CTNT
* . xui, dupc thuc hidn dudi nhidu m l h i j v S Ihuc sin xuil khic nhauui cua lidn kdt li sin nhim am -a cd khdi lucmg Idn, dupc chd bidn vi Udu th'u vS cnai lupng cung dupc ning Idn Trdn cr, sA „a Nnh Vi Cich UiUc Sin x u S i J : ; ™ n " ™ " ^ y r , ^ °
ttong qui ttinh phit ttidn kinh le ndng Oldn phal ttidn se tap tten de vdng chic cho BVMT.
Kinh td ndng Uidn phat ttidn vPi nhung thinh hm khoa hpc cong nghd hien dal duoc ung dung sd gdp phan bio vd rjdi ttpdng (cdng nghd xanh, sach ) Trong phat ttidn KTNT ndu dupc irng dung nhung thanh hfli KHCN hidn dai se lam cho ning suai c M lupng sin xuit ting Idn; hudng ddn ndn ndng nghidp sach, hien dai, mdi ttuong dupc bio vd: ddng UidT nhung cdng nghd mdi duoc ung dung se hudng ddn ning cao suc sdng cho cay Irdng, vil nudi va sU dung hieu qua cao nhat ngudn tii nguyen hidn cd, gdp phin giu gin, tii tao lii nguydn; bdn canh dd, nhung ky UiuiU, may mde hidn dai duoc ung dung sd glim thidu i^^nJ .^° " '" •"*' ""^S. Ben canh dd, phin Ion KCN moi a ndng thdn, do duoc diu tu cdng nghd hien dai, he thdng xu ly khl thai ddng bd InrPc khl xi Uiai ra mdl imong, nen mdi Inrong khdng khl lai cac KCN nay da dupc cii thiSn mdl cich rd rdi.
Thu hai, inh hupng Udu cue
Trong phit ttien kinh le ndng Ihdn ndu chi chu ttong lo, ich ttudc mil lren cp sd duy tri cic md hlnh san xuat lac hiu li cdi ngudn cua d nhidm mdi ttudng Ngay nay, phit ttidn ndng nghidp theo hudng thim canh, tang vu, nhung ndu qua lam dung hoi chit smh Uia, bl o nhidm nghidm trong vi hiu qui cua vin nghidp khong the phit hien ra trong Uioi gian n g S nhung hiu qua mi nd dd lai li rit liu dai.
Kinh td ndng Uidn phal Indn vol ky thuil lac hiu sin >:?r^- 1? ?' """^ "'*'* ™ 'y -^M' Ihil trong san xuat se anh huong ddn vide BVMT Cd Ihd thSv ttong qua ttinh phil Iridn KTNT. mdi Imong d cic KCN va lang nghd ngiy cang bl d nhiim Irim Irpng vi dang su dgng cdng nghd sin xuai lac hiu hoic chua duoc dau tu he thdng xu ly khi Ihii mi xa thii Imc lien ra moi ttup,^. Trong vin hanh thuc td cho Ihay, cdng lie hoa h T - " ' 5 " ' ""^ "'*" '^' '<'^P"S'"«" 'heo quy hoach thong nhil, mdl sd nol Ihieu cp so khoa hoc do chua diwc giai quyei dong bp giua diu tu ket ciu ha lang va BVMT Mit khic, quy md sin xuit tai cac ling nghe nho, phan lan, manh mun. Tii chinh va vdn dau lu thap san xua'l tu phat, khdng cd quy ho,ch ke hoach lau dai, khp huy dong lai chinh vi vdn diu lu
izmr 83
w
Idn nfin khd khdn troi^ dtfi mdl ky thudt vd san phdm, khdng mudn va khtfng thfi ddu hr cho xd !>- mdi tnidi^.
Bao vfi mdi trudng cung anh hudng dfin phat trifin KTNT trfin cd hiU mat lich cue va dfiu cue.
Mtft mdt, khi mdi trudng dupc bao vfi sfi gdp phdn Idm tdng nang suat, hifu qua trorjg sdn xudt ndng nghifip, ndng cao chdt luong cutfc stfng cho ngudi ddn ndng thdn vd phdt trifin KTNT bfin vQng. Trong qud trinh sdn xudt, ngudi sdn xudt nfiu Iudn chu trpng dfin BVMT nhu: gieo trdng cac gidng edy khdng sdu bfnh;
bdo dam y^u cdu phdn bdn va nude thich hpp; sii dung phdn, thutfc dung muc dich vd dung ky thudt; xu ly cac chat thdi trong chdn nudi vd nudc thdi trong nudi trtfng thuy sdn mtft cdch trift dfi dfi cd thf bdo vfi mdi trudng ddl, nudc,... thi dtfng thdi cQng sfi mang lai hifiu qud ttft, bao vfi vd tdng ndng sudt san xudt.
Dtfng thdi. chdt Iupng mdi uudng vd ehdt lupng cudc stfng cQa con ngudi cd mtfi quan hf ty If thudn vdi nhau. Su tdc dtfng cua mdi trudng dfin cutfc stfng con ngudi Id rat Idn, ddc bift la dnh hudng dfin siic khde. Bfn canh dd, con ngudi dupc stfng trong mdi trudng tich cue, Idnh manh cung se gdp phdn cho ddi sdng tinh thdn dupc ndng cao. Khi con ngudi cd nhdn thue eao, ddi stfng dupc ddm bdo thi y thiic ciia ngudi ddn vfi BVMT cQng ttft hon. Do dd, chdt Iupng mdi trudng cQng dupc cdi thifn.
Mdl khdc, khi mdi trudng khdng dupc bdo vf sfi gdy ra nhOng hifim hpa mdi trudng vd bifin dtfi khi hdu (BDKH) dnh hudng tifiu cue dfin phdt hifn KTNT. Cd thfi thdy, BDKH do dnh hudng cua d nhifim mdi trudng cd tdc ddng nghifim trpng dfin hogt dtfng sdn xudt, dm stfng vd sue khofi ciia eon ngudi vd dang tac dtfng manh tdi phdt hifin KTNT. Vdi nhdng dnh hudi^ ttfng thf nfiu trfin, thi nhung anh hudng cy thfi dfin NN, NT tr&n cdc phuong difn nhu sau:
- Anh hudng dtfi vdi cdc hoat dtfng kinh tf llnh trang d nhifim mdi trudng dgc bifit Id d nhifim mdi trudng nude Id nguyfin nhdn quan trpng deing de dpa nudi trtfng thuy san: gdy chfit, Iam gidm trpng lupng cd thfi, gidm ndng sudt, pha vd cdu tnic qudn thf, bifin dtfi gen, hiiy hoai noi cu tru vd mdi trudng stfng cua cac lodi sinh vdt. Hifn tupng phu dudng, thieu oxy htfa tan trong nudc thudng xay ra d cdc dam htf, chiu dnh hudng ciia cdc ngutfn nudc thdi. Ngodi ra, mdi Irudng ddt bj d nhifim ngng nfi twi dnh hudng cQa CTR cung ddn den linh trgn ddt bac mau, dtf phi gidm cung Idm giam ndng sudt cdy trtfng, gidm ndng sudt rdt ldn doi vdi sdn xudt ndng nghifp.
- Anh hudng tdi ddi sdng, sinh boat
Hifn nay, nan thifu nudc cho cdc nhu cdu sdn xudt ndng nghifip, cdng nghifip, thifiu nudc sinh hoat cua ddn cu d mdt sd noi trfin thfi gidi dang Id vdn dfi nghifim trpng. Gdn lifin vdi tinh trgng thifu nudc sach la tinh tranh 6 nhifim nudc vd cdc ngutfn nudc. Ddy id 84
mdt vin dfi cOa t^t cd cdc qutfc gia trtn thfi gidi, ddc bift Id cdc nudc nghfo dang phdt tiifin. 0 nhifim nudc dd vd dang gdy ra nhQng h^u qud nghifim trpng dtfi vdi ddi stfng vd sdc khofi cQa con i^udi.
Quan hf giQa phdt trifin KTNT vd BVMT cQr^ ch|u dnh h u ^ ^ boi nhifiu nhdn ttf khdc nhau.
Mdt Id, qudn ly nhd nudc trong phdt trifin KTNT vd BVMT.
Quan IJ nhd nude 6& vdi phdt trifin KTNT vd BVMT la mdt qud trinh, trong dd, Nhd nudc su dvmg cdc cdch thiic, ctfng cp, phuong tifn khdc nhau, v$n dpng nhQng quy ludt vdn dtfng khdc nhau cua thfi gi(M v^t chdt, tac dtfng dfin cdc hogt dtfng cQa con ngutfi nhdm ldm hdi htfa quan hf giOa phat trifin KTNT vd BVMT vdi myc dich phat trifin KTNT bfin vung, hudng dfn thda mdn nhu eiu vd ddm bdo chcEt Iupng ctia ddi stfng ngudi ddn ndi chung va ngudi ddn d khu w c ndng thdn ndi rifing.
Hogt dtfng qudn If nhd nutffc trong phat trifin KTNT vd BVMT cd thfi kfi dfin nhu: hogt dtfng bdo vf sdn xudt, thdc ddy tifu dOng (qudn ly chdt lupng v$t tu, vf sinh an todn ndng sdn, phtfng ehtfng thifin tai, qudn 1;^
nii ro, xQc tifin thuong mgi, dv bdo thl trutfr^,...); xdy dung quy hoaeh, dfi xudt chinh sdch, nghifin cthi chifin lupc, tgo mdi trudng ddi hgn cho cdc thdnh phdn kinh tfi; ttf chuc btf mdy qudn 1$; ddu tu phdt trifin, nghifn ciiu khoa hpc, hpp tdc qutfc tfi;.,..
Qudn \f nhd nudc trong phdt trifin KTNT vd BVMT Id boat dtfng mang tinh Idu ddi, thutfrng xuyfin vd lifin tyc chii khdng meing tinh nhdt thdi. Trong qud tiinh dtf, mye dieh cua qudn \f nhd nudc Id nhdm ldm hdl hda mtfi quan hf gida phdt trifin KTNT vd BVMT, hic Id vda phdt Uifin KTNT, vua phdi BVMT. Tdng cutfng ndng Iuc qudn IJ nhd nudc dtfi vai BVMT trong phdt trifin KTNT td Tmng uong dfin d)a phuong Id vifc ldm cSp bdch. Id difiu kifin tifn quyfit cd dnh hutfrng Idn dfin phdt trifn NN, NT bfin vQng.
Trong qudn \f nhd nudc d^ vdi phdt hifin KTNT nfiu gdn dupc vdi BVMT thi mdi tmdng miM dupc bdo vf ttft. Mutfn v§y, trong cdch thuc, cdng cy, phuong tifn nhd nudc su dyng dfi phdt trifn KTNT phdi dfiu huoTig dfin BVMT; trong quy hogch phdt trifin KTNT phai tinh dfin yfiu ttf BVMT; hong vifc dfi ra cdc chinh sdch htf hp phdt hifn KTNT phdi gdn vdi BVMT; nhJn thue cua btf mdy qudn IJ phdi hudng dfin BVMT; d^u hr phat trifin KTNT phdi hudng dfin BVMT;... Ctfn ngucfc lai, trong qud trinh qudn ly, cdch thdc, ctfng cy, phuang tifn nhd nudc sd dyng chi ehu trpng dfin lpi ich kinh tfi md bd qua vdn df mdi trudng; chl ddu hi, quy hogch vd htf Up df phdt bifin KTNT md khdng tfnh dfin yfiu ttf BVMT thi se ddn dfn hdu qud mtfi tnidng b} d nhifim vd KTNT sfi phdt trifn khdng bfin vQng.
Dk qudn IJ nhd nudc ddm bdo mtfi quan hfi gida phdt Uifin KTNT vd BVMT cdn phtfi hpp nhifiu phuong phdp. Hifin nay, phuong phdp gido dyc tu hJdng, dgo
duc dupc ndi ldn hang diu vi phil dupc Bm thuong nvdn, lidn tgc. Phuong phap td chifc li het sue quan y ? ' ^ ' " 5 "nh khin c ^ . Phuong phip Hnh td la co Dan, li ddng Ipc thuc diy moi hoat dOng quin ly nha nutrc. Phuong phap hinh chinh la rit cin Uiidt duoc su dyng mdt each dung din.
Hai li, nhin Oiifc va ttach nhidm cua cic chu ttid than gia phil ttidn kinh td ndng Uidn va bao vd mdl trudng
Trong Hch suphit ttidn xi hdi loai nguoi, con ngutri di ttil qua nhidu gMl doan, bit diu hr cudc sdng phu I ' f ° ? f" ™° * " " "*"*"• -^ "to Khi ndng
•SWp xuit hien COng vdi nhung ddn bd ve khoa hoc vi cdng i^hd tic ddng cua con nguoi vio ttid gkM ^ h ^ ^ '"*" dng xu vdi Uiidn nhidn rit khic chu thd Uiam gia phit ttien KTNT va BVMT.
MOl li, vdi quan didm vi nhin Uiuc ring con naurt Wiii Uidng ttl Uudn nhldn-. VtJi quan d S S S v m Uioa hpc ky thuit phit ttidn sd lim cho vi^^kM'uit visu dgng lpc lupng u, nhldn cda con ngud, drSc nhin ldn gip bpi. Didu dd di dan den S i IWc vjt khiclrdn hinh hnh bi buy didt, khong cdn nBa ctoifvi ™ °^ ""^ " " " P " * " = " !"••* '« ndi Chung vJ^KTNT noi ndng, cac chu ttie ra sue lin phi h l , ^ ' • * ' ; « '^" " ' " S BVMT; vi Ui| ^ L h S i ^ S l n T ^ f ? ^ " " ^ """S "^ y^ Ooanii nglSJp te „ S S? ''*" ' " """ Kinh Id li chinh. Trong quin
^ nhi nudc chl- chd ttpng ve mat sd luong li c M ^ y r
|^;i^qui, mdi ttudng ngiy cing bl d ^ d m n g S
•h^i^ ^^^-™*"' "'*'« **" "^Wn vol mdi ttuftng- du™^h ^f "^"""- ^ * 1"™ ™*'P n^y « Cd tic Z „ ^ ^ w " ''''" "P"* Odn BVMT. Ndng din vi mi!^ ^ ?""* "^^ " ^ l ' " hoat ddng sin xuit cUa S ' ^ S t f ^ ? ^ ' '^''" "P-^ « ' ^ ^ 'Ch "u di la S Z i ^ n ^^ * '^ 'P' ''^'' '^'"''« ""Pc mil. Bang , h ^ 2 . ^ "^ ™ ' ^ ' ^ . nhi nuoc cung se nuin IV teohuting Phil ttidn gin vdi BVMr.NhalbLhpTse S . ^ ' ^ h ? ' * ^ t " « " ' " ' ""»> "'=• <^P"S nghdsan
•n-ft sin phim xanh, sach, Uiin Uiidn vol mdi ttuftng n h t t ^ SS^"',!1*K ™''' " " ' " ^ - ^ "h-i nhit duftng
s?p'l^nt"':jgSfSL^-i-:rid"i d"^trt^^-ci^*£fhitgS oong coa kinhS?'tt;ss:,t??,,^tL7diu^^:^^
lirtT
Ii ttdn hdl.
O Wet Nam, ttuydn Uidng iing xir hda hop vol Uiidn S i l a d a o ^ , r ' ? " f . ' ' ° * "PP ™ « " "^i*"- a c bdn^ h Jf^"? T ' * ' ^ " ' ' * '«y chic mic liy ben ,... hay met ly sdng "didn vien ttang ttai- " v u j ciy, ao ca" da chung id ttuydn Uidng sdng" d p a ^ midn nhien, BVMT di dupc hlnh Ulinh hr rft l i a Tuy r^en, ttong Uipc ttdn cupc sdng, vi lpi Ich ttudc mil va lpi ,ch ea nhin mi cpn ngufti di huy hoai giy d nhidm mdi ttuftng. ^ ' * '
Vdi nhin Unic chua dung din vi diy du vd tim B ^ r l " ^ ° f '""^ ""= ' ' ^ T "Pi c h u n g ' r c d i S ^ BVMT ttong phat ttidn KTNT ndi ridng; ddng thfti c h ^ hanh dong cg Uid cua cic chu Uie: cic cip cic nganh; ldng doanh nghi&p; ttmg dla phupngli'tSg
^ san xua, ddi vol vide BVMT ttong phif S ICTNT nen chung ta chua dim bio Uiuc su bil hda giua phat ttidn KTNT vi BVMT f Uiuc lu giic B W chua tto Ulinh Uidi quen ttpng cich sdng s L xuft cua da, bp phin din cu ndi chung vi cda cic chuTd ttpng ttong NN, NT ndi ridng
Ba ii,, diiu kidn hr nhidn, kinh Id, xi hpi hlnh "t" '^" '" •*'*" *"'° S*"'^ Oldn Uch, khi hiu dla h ^ b a o ^ Z " ' ' * " ! " * " • " " " ^ S ^ ^ ' - V* Kinh >i.xa hpi bao gom: co ciu nginh, Uiinh phin kinh Id- lao Ooi^, vide lam, din cu; giio due, y Id- co sft vit chA Ky Uiuit, kdt cau ha ting;... Khii quit vd d du Udn 5^
nhldn. kinh td-xi hdi eua mdl'nudc hay m ^ f d ^ Phuoag se cho Chung la cd cii nhln loin di™tdr^g
^h«, i K "^ "™* ''° ""^ "i"*"? 'PI' 'h« hay han chl nhit dinh o cac iinh vpc hay nginh nghd ddi v« phii tndn no, chung, phit Uidn KTNT vi BVMT ndi ridng ra n'Jni.'^t^f *,'"^^" ' " ""'*"•'""'' '«•"« hdi sd lao ra nhUng Uiuin lpi vi khd khin tic dpng ttuc Udp vi
m"c div ™ t f j ? '""" '«• "' "«' "'"^ ' ^ i
S T ' ^ y uP "' *"=" "''"''• ' " Od, diu lu chp BWT mpt each Uida ding hpn. Ndu didu kidn 1^
nhien vi kinh ti. xa hdl khdng Uiuan loi, giy khd l^in chim la,, ning suit vi chit lupng Ihip, IUc dd, vin dd BVMT cung se khdng dupc quan lim/.
