r GIAM SAT - PHAN BIEN CHINH SACH
Phat trien kinh te lam nghiep
gan vdi bao ve va phat trien riftig
I TS. NGUYEN DUY L U U N G - Pho Chu tjch ThUdng trUc Hoi Nong dan Viet Nam I
Mot goc khu bao ton Phong Nha - Ke Bdng (Qudng Binh). X.T
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l-ong nhUng nam qua. Dang va Nha nude ta da cd nhieu chu truong, chfnh sach ho trp ndng dan (ND) phat trien kinh te lam nghiep (KTLN) gan vdi bao ve rUng (BVR) va phat trien rUng (PTR). Hdi NDVN da trien khai thUe hien nhieu chuong trinh, du an hudng Ung phong trao Tet trong cay, gay rUng... da gdp phan tang dp che phu rUng tU 32% nam 1998 len 39,7%nam 2013 dac biet la thue hien du an trong mdi 5 trieu ha rUng vdi tong kinh phf dau tu eua Nha nude gan 32.000 ty ddng, trong 5 nam (2006 - 2011) dien tfch rUng ca nude tang 0,78 trieu ha, dp che phu tang 2,5%; ca nude da giao khoan dupe gan 10 trieu ha tren tong sd 16,2 trieu ha dat lam nghiep; gan 1,25 trieu
hp gia dinh vdi 4,65 trieu lao ddng tham gia du an, trong dd ed gan 485.000 thupc dien hp ngheo va cd viec lam tuong ddi on dinh, ehu yeu la ddng bao dan toe thieu sd (DTTS) d mien ^ ^. „_ ,,^ _, nui, vung sau, vung xa.
Cac hp gia dinh ND dUpc nhan khoan BVR, ngoai thu nhap tU kinh phf khoan BVR, eon dupe hudng nhUng quyen Ipi khac tCf san xuat (trdng trpt, chan nudi, nudi
trdng thuy san...) va hudng gia tri san pham tao ra nhUng khdng xam pham den rUng va dat rUng phdng hp, eung nhu eae tai nguyen ddng, thUc vat rUng theo quy dinh cua phap luat. Ngoai ra.
Tinh trang chat, pha riAig, vd tinh de xiy ra chay rimg, san bat dong vat trai phep; pha riing de trong cac cay trong khac kiem ke sinh nhai hang nam khong giam ma xu hadng con tang.
eae hp nhan khoan BVR dupe hUdng cac che dip ho trp cua Nha nude nhU: dUpc trp cap cho eon em di hpc, dupe vay von san xuat (von ngan hang va von tai trp
^„- ,.,,, eua eae to ehufe phi chfnh phu) vdi lai suat Uu dai de thue hien cac loai hinh san xuat dUdi tan rifng, 6agc ho trp ve nha 6 (binh quan 6 trieu ddng/
hp); dupe cap phUOng tien va thiet bj de BVR.
Ngoai ra, eae ca nhan va hp gia dinh ND edn dUpe hUdng phuc Ipi nhu kham sufc khde djnh ky hang nam, tap huan ve quan ly ky thuat sSn xuat ndng, lam, ngU nghiep.
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NdNGTHdNMdl 8.2014GIAM SAT-PHAN BIEN CHINH SACH
Phat trien kinh te lam nghiep...
Tiep theo trang 14
Hang tram ngan hd ND 6aac giao dat rUng phat trien kinh te rUng da hpp lUe lam giau tU rUng trd thanh cufu canh cho hang trieu hd ND xda ddi, thoat ngheo, nang cao ddi sdng, vUOn len lam giau, mot sd hd da trd thanh trieu phu, ty phu, gdp phan thue day KT-XH phat trien, xay dung the tran qude phdng toan dan, the tran an ninh nhan dan, giUon djnh chfnh trj d ndng thdn.
Tuy nhien, ben canh ket qua dat dMc, viec phat trien KTLN de bao ve va PTR con boc 16 mot so ton tai, han che do la:
Ddi sdng cua da sd ND nOi trdng rUng gap nhieu khd khan, nhUng noi phat trien kinh te lam nghiep dja hinh phUe tap (ddi nui chia cat manh), ha tang thap kem, giao thdng di lai khdng thuan Ipi, dan eutren dja ban ehu yeu lai la ngUdi ddng bao DTTS, sdng khdng tap trung...
y thUe chap hanh phap luat ve BVR cua khdng ft hd ND edn han che. Tinh trang chat, pha rUng, vd tinh de xay ra chay rUng, san bat ddng vat trai phep;
pha rUng de trdng cac cay trdng khac kiem ke sinh nhai hang nam khdng giam ma xu hudng cdn tang.
Mot sd CO che, chfnh sach nham phat trien lam nghiep va BVR edn thieu ddng bp, chdng cheo, khd thUe hien, chua phu hpp, cham sCfa doi, bo sung, chua khuyen khfch, tao dieu kien hd trp cho ND tu giac, traeh nhiem phat trien KTLN va BVR hieu qua.
Sau 13 nam thUe hien du an trdng 5 trieu ha rUng, dp che phu cua rUng chUa dat so vdi muc tieu de ra la tren 40%, van edn 28 trieu ha ddi nui trpe, chUa gan chat du an trdng 5 trieu ha rUng vdi edng tac xoa dupe ddi, giam dupe ngheo; xay dung ndng thdn mdi; xay dung ddi sdng vanhdadeosd.
Kinh phf thue hien cac chuong trinh, du an da dupe phe duyet, nhUng trien khai cdn cham, anh hudng den viec giao rUng, dat rUng cho ND phat trien TLN.
Quy djnh quyen do eae hd gia dinh ND tu cdng nhan thdng qua quy Udc, huong udc thieu tinh phap ly, ND chUa yen tam trong quan ly, sCf dung dat rUng de phat trien KTLN. Dieu kien dupe giao
Phai day manh viec giao dat lam nghiep, giao rimg cho ho ND. Dat nguoti ND lam vj tn trung tam va vai tro chu the de phat trien KTLN. Co co die, chinh sach dac thu khuyen khfch phat trien kinh te rimg, coi nghe sdng chfnh cOa ND of nhufng ntfi co dat lam nghiep phai bang nghe trong rimg, bao dam cho ngiToA trong rimg hadng thu bang hoac hon vdi ngirdi san xuat nong nghiep va nuoi trong thuy san.
rUng; thdi han, han mUc giao rUng, khai thac gd vdi muc dfch thuong mai; eo che hudng lpi, tieu thu san pham chua rd.
Viec giao dat, giao rUng cdn cham va cd sU chdng cheo, trung lap giOa hd gia dinh ND vdi to chUe, hd so giao dat cho hd thieu rd rang, khd nhan biet tren thUc dja (ban do khdng ed tpa dp, khdng md ta rd rang), nhieu noi quy md trdng rUng nhd le, manh mun, nhieu ehung loai cay trdng gia trj thap. RUng giao cho eae hd D phan Idn la rUng ngheo d vung sau, vung xa, nguon thu tU rUng rat thap, nen anh hudng den phat trien va BVR.
Mot sd dja phuong, cac cap, eae nganh thieu sU quan tam lanh dao, chi dao va thieu nguon lUc dau tU nen ngUdi ND dupe giao nhiem vu bao ve cham sdc rUng ket hpp phat trien KTLN thi thudng phai ehd dpi. Khi da chd dpi thi che dp hd trp eijng chd dpi, phUPng an san xuat lung tung lam cho nguy co xam hai den rUnglamdtthUcte.
Vi du nhu d Ha Tinh: Phan Idn riTng va dat rUng dang do eae ehu rCrng Nha nude quan ly sCf dung vdi 279.028 ha, chiem 77% tong dien tfch quy hoach lam nghiep. Dien tfch rCrng giao cho cac hd ND la 33.125 ha, chi chiem cd 9,1% tong dien tfch quy hoach.Trong khi eae hd gia dinh ND lai dang cd nhu cau dupe giao, thue dat, rCrng de phat trien KTLN thi cac ban quan ly rCrng phdng hd, rUng dac dung lai dUpc giao quan ly dat rCfng san xuat Idn (nhu Ban quan ly khu bao ton thien nhien Ke Gd 5.403 ha. Ban quan ly rCmg phdng hd Ngan Sau 7.616 ha. Nam Ha Tinh 11.625 ha...); khoang 50.450 ha rUng va dat lam nghiep dang do UBND
cac xa quan ly, chiem 14% tong dien tfch dat lam nghiep (trong dd cd 39.746 ha quy hoach san xuat), chUa dupc giao cho eae hd ND.
Ngudi trdng rifng va tham gia quan ly ehu yeu la eae hd ND ngudi DTTS mufc sdng ngheo, trinh dp nhan thUe edn han che, dieu kien dang edn khd khan, thieu von, vat tu, khoa hpc - ky thuat nen chira cd dieu kien dau tU trdng rUng than canh ma chu yeu dang tu phat, quang canh, nen nang suat rUng trdng chua cao. Cac chinh sach khuyen khfch phat trien mot sd loai cay chu lUc, cay ban dja quyhiem(nhuLim,Gd,Sen,Tau,Gi6i...) phuc vu tieu dung va xuat khau chua dupe quan tam.
He thong che bien lam san phat trien thieu quy hoach, thieu sU kiem soat cua Nha nude; cdng nghe che bien lac hau, san pham thieu sUe canh tranh, gia trj gia tang chua cao (chu yeu ban san pham thd, nhat la nguyen lieu gd rUng trdng).
Co che, chfnh sach de khuyen khfch va cham lo tdi ddi song eua ngudi trong rUng so vdi ngUdi san xuat ndng nghiep va nudi trdng thuy san cdn khoang each Idn can dupe quan tam hPn.
De ho tra ND tich cut hitdng ling, c6 traeh nhiem tham gia phat trien TLN gan vdi bao ve va PTR ben vQng, de nghj giai quyet mot sovan dechOyeusau:
Thudng xuyen giao due, tuyen truyen ve muc dfch, yeu eau, y nghia, tac dung cua viec phat trien kinh te rUng va BVR, tang eUdng van ddng ND nang cao tinh than traeh nhiem, tfch cUc, chu dpng tham gia phat trien KTLN, quan ly va BVR gan vdi xay dUng ndng thdn mdi va phong trao toan dan doan ket xay dUng ddi song van hda d co sd (thdi gian vi/a qua lupng va chat tuyen truyen ve linh VUe phat trien KTLN va BVR la qua ft, ehUa du sufc tao thanh phong trao).
SU nghiep trong riTng va BVR vd cijng khd khan, phufc tap. Do vay, phai day manh viec giao dat lam nghiep, giao ri^g cho hd ND. Dat ngUdi ND lam vj trf trung tam va vai trd chu the de thUc hien phat trien KTLN. Cd eo che, chfnh sach dac thii khuyen khfch phat trien kinh te rCmg, coi nghe sdng chfnh eua ND d
NONGTHdN Mdi 82014
nhUng noi ed dat lam nghiep phai bang nghe trdng rUng, phai bao dam cho ngudi trdng riing hudng thu bang hoac hon vdi ngudi san xuat ndng nghiep va nudi trdng thuy san (coi day la linh vUe dac biet), gan vdi xoa ddi, giim ngheo, nang cao dan trf, dao tao nhan lUe phuc vu cho gia dinh va tuong lai dat nUdc nhat la vdi ddng bao DTTS, nham rut ngin khoing each ve mpi mat giOa cac viJng, mien, khu vUc bao dam an sinh, gdp phan phat trien KT-XH dat nude.
Nghien cufu tang mufc hd trp cho ngUdi dan trong riir\g va BVR, ddng thdi can cuf vao tinh hinh thue te phai dupe dieu chinh kjp thdi theo tC/ng giai doan.
Xay dung Quy Hd trp PTR, che dp bio hiem cho ngudi trdng va BVR.
Sdm ed quy hoach va phan vung djnh hudng cho phat trien KTLN phu hpp va hieu qui, quy djnh cu the khu vUe, loai rC/ng, loai cay trdng de khai thac gd lam
nguyen lieu phat trien kinh te, mat khac cung phii quy djnh khu vUe PTR phdng hd, rCrng phu xanh, chdng xdi mdn, bao ve mdi trUdng, chdng bien doi khf hau, gdp phan bio dam qude phdng, giU binh yen eupc sdng cho ddng bao, nhat la an ninh noi bien gidi, hai dao.
Dau tu xay dung ket cau ha tang, to chUc hudng dan ba con ND ky thuat trdng rUng, BVR, chuyen giao khoa hpc - ky thuat, tap huan khuyen ndng, khuyen lam, xay dUng md hinh dien hinh ve trdng rUng, chia se thdng tin. Cd chfnh sach Uu dai ve vay von, mua giong, vat tu, phuong tien phat trien KTLN gan vdi bio ve va PTR; khuyen khfch cho eae hd ND dupe chuyen doi rUng, gdp vdn bang gia trj quyen sii dung dat de lien doanh, lien ket giUa hd ND vdi cac doanh nghiep, ea nhan, khdng de ND bi ddi ngheo vi rUng;
khdng de dat lam nghiep trd thanh dat trdng, ddi nui trpe, trong rUng, PTR, bien
rUng xau, rUng ngheo thanh tdt, kem hieu qua thanh hieu qui.
Phat ddng phong trao toan dan tham gia PTR va BVR, kjp thdi phat hien ngan ehan va xii ly cac dau hieu hanh vi chat pha khai thac gd bat hpp phip va cac loai ddng, thUc vat trong danh muc cam.
Han che tdi da du canh, du cU, khdng the bang mpi gia vi Ipi feh kinh te ma hy sinh den phat trien rUng. Chu ddng phdng chdng chay rUng, thudng xuyen lam tdt edng tie thi dua khen thudng, bieu dUOng kjp thdi nhUng ngUdi ed thanh tfch xuat sac trong PTR va BVR.
De nghj ei he thdng chfnh trj ed sU vao eupc manh me, phat huy sUe manh tong hpp, quyet tam cao hon nUa bang ca no lUc, tam sufc va sang tao, cdng vdi su nhiet tinh hudng Ung tfch eUc eua ngudi dan, ehac chan phit trien KTLN gan vdi bio ve va PTR se dat dMc hieu qui cao. •
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