QUAN HE VOI CHAU PHI:
CANH TRANH Gltyk AN BO VA TRUNG QUOC
Nguyen Van Ljch '•
C
hau Phi la chau luc dirng thir bai tren the gidi ve dan sd. sau chau A va Idn Ihir ba iren the gidi ve dien tich sau chau A vii chau My. Chau Phi cd dien lich 30.244.050 km^ Neu linb ca cac dao can ke tbi chau luc nay chiem 20.4% dien lich ciia the gidi. Dja hinh cbii yeu ciia chau Phi la cao nguyen. niii va sa mac. Ve liii nguyen khoang san, day la kliu vuc ral phong phii v di irtr lugng Idn. Trong 50 loai klioang san chu yeu ciia the gidi, chau Phi cd tdi 17 loai dimg dau nliu kim cuang (90% Iru lugng eua ihe gidi), cd ban (87%). vang (67%). erom (54%), uranium (37%)... Dau md va khi ddt cung lil nhiing tai nguyen cd the manh cua chau Phi. iheo nhieu du bao. chiiu Phi se chiem 12% cung diiu trong vai mini tdi.Ngoiii ra. tidm nang ihiiv' dien ciia chau Phi cimg chidm ldi 35.7% trir lugng cua the gidi.
Nguon thuc vat ly nhien ciia chau Phi rat phong phii. Cac khu rirng ram nbict ddi xanh
Tien si, ligc vien Ngoai giao
ldi quanh niim. \di nliieu loai lam ihd san qui biem. eac loai ihii (su lu. ngua \iin. huo'u cao cd...) lil nhung liem nang du lich \ii kinh le ral ldn cua chiiu Phi
Chiiu Phi edn lii mdl thi Iru'dng ldn \di 800 trieu dan sinh sdng a 54 qude gia (chiem khoang 17 diin sd the gidi). Irong nhirng niim giin diiv. tdc do tiing truang kinh te cua chiiu Phi lien luc dugc eai thien. Irong 5 nam qua, (iDP cua khu \uc liing trung binh tren 5%/nani. Trong giai doan 2003 - 2008, GDP/ngucn a chau Phi tiing 3,6%, cao ban nhieu so vdi miic lang 1% cua giai doan 1997- 2002. Nam 2008, GDP cua khu vue chau Phi can Xahara dat xap xi 6% - mdt tdc do lang iruong kha nhanh. Cung nam 2008, IDI \iio chiiu Phi dat 39 ti USD - mire lang cao nbal ke tir trud-c den nav. Diis lii tin hieu dang mimg, the hien rd nhirng nd lue eai thien mdi trudng dau tu cua nhieu nudc chau Phi.
Hien nav, chiiu Phi nit ciin su giiip dd de phiu trien ndng nghiep \ii ndng thdn, tiing cuima tbirona mai, khai thiic mo. ha liing.
Tgp chi nghien ciru < HAI IMII A n i l \U l»0>G so 07 (47) thiing 7/20009-
im
phdng chdng djeh benh, xda ddi giam ngheo, tao viec lam, nang cao trinh do y le, giao due.
Dac biet, chau Phi rat can mdt cugc each mang Xanh de lang san lugng luong Ihuc.
Chinh vi cd nhieu liem nang cting nhu cd nhu cau ldn nhu vay cho nen lir lau, nhieu nudc da coi tang cudng quan he vdi chau Phi la mdt chien luge quan trgng. Trong sd cac nudc dd, dang chii y ed Trung Qudc va An Do. Trong nhiing nam gan day. quan he giira An Do va Trung Qudc vdi chau Phi dang dugc lang cudng iren mgi mat, trong dd dac biet la kinh te.
Ve phia An Do: Thang 4/2008 da dien ra Hdi nghi thugng dinh An Do - chau Phi lan thir nhat. vdi sy tham dy ciia 14 lanh dao qudc gia va nhieu quan chirc chinh phii lir cac nudc chau Phi. Su kien quan trgng nay danh dau budc md dau cho mdl chuong mdi trong Ijcb sir tiep can van minh, him nghj va hgp tac gitra bai ben. Hy vgng eiia An Do la qua Hdi nghj nay se tang cudng quan be kinb le, ehinh trj. an ninh, khoa hgc cdng nghe, xa hdi va van hda... nhieu ban vdi chau Phi - mdt thj trudng Idn, tang trudng nhanh, cd nhieu tai nguyen, nbal la ve nang lugng. An Do va chau Phi se chung lay giai quyet nhung van de ciia cac nudc dang phat trien. ddng thdi nhan manh nhimg van de quan trgng nhu thay ddi khi hau. dam phan thuang mai da phuang. cai each Lien hgp qudc, IMF, WB...
Ve phia Trung Quoc: De that chat quan be vdi chau Phi. Trung Qudc da day manh cac chuyen tham cap cao. tang dau tu, vien trg. xda ng... cho chau luc nay. Nam 2005.
Cbii lich Hd Cam Dao da cd chuyen tham
dau tien tdi mdt sd nudc chau Phi. Ngay 3/11/2006. cugc hgp cap Bd iruong giira Trung Qudc va 48 nudc chau Phi khai mac tai Bac Kinh. Day la budc chuan bj cho phien hgp cap cao Trung Qudc - chau Phi dien ra sau dd. nham thiic day hgp tac gitia Trung Qudc va chau Phi. Cudi thang 1 dau thang 2/2007. Chii ljch Hd Cam Dao lai cd chuyen iham chinh thirc 8 nudc chau Phi.
Muc dich chinh cua chuyen tham nay la de cu the boa de nghj 8 diem da neu tai Hdi nghj cap cao Dien dan hgp tac Trung - Phi cudi nam 2006. qua dd thiic day quan be vdi chau Phi iren cac ITnh vuc chinh trj. kinh te.
Ihuong mai. khai thac dau kbi va khoang san. giao due. van hda. y te. De gia tang anh huang ciia minh tai chau Phi. nhan chuyen tham Ian nay. Chii tjch Hd Cam Dao ciing danh cho cac nudc "luc dja Den" mdt mdn qua y nghTa. Dd la giam ng cho cac nudc chau Phi. Ngay 29/1/2007, Bd Thuang mai Trung Qudc cho biet nudc nay da ky thoa thuan giam ng cho 33 nudc chau Phi vao cudi nam 2007. Trung Qudc cd ke hoach Irong 3 nam tiep theo se lang gap ddi mirc vien trg va cho mdt sd nudc chau Phi vay khdng linb lai khoang 3 ty USD. bo trg nbtmg nudc nay thyc hien cac dy an ve phat trien ca sd ha tang, mua sam thidt bj ky thual va tbanb lap cac doanh nghiep.
Nhung thdng tin tren cho lhA>. ca Trung Qudc va An Do dang lich cyc lim each tbiic day quan he, khai thac tdi da nhung ca bdi de liep can vdi chau Phi. Cd nhidu nhan djnh kbac nhau ve cac cap quan be nay. Bai nghien cim nay dua ra mdl sd so sanh de thay rd ban su canh tranh giira bai nudc Irong quan he vdi chiiu Phi.
Tgp chi nghien cuu CIlAi; Pill A Tllir>G nd>'G so 07 (47) thang 7/2009
Quan he vdi chau Phi: Nguyen Van Ljch
1/ Trong kbi An Do tuyen bd khdng canh Iranh hav ganh dua vdi b4t k\' nudc nao de tra tbanb ddi tac vdi chau Phi. tbi Trung Qude khdng he giau giem y djnb mudn ed them ngudn nang lugng ddi dao va dang lin cay d khu vuc nay. nhat la d4u thd va quang sat. La qudc gia nhap khau nang lugng ldn Ihir hai the gidi (sau My), nam 2006 Trung Qudc nhap khau ban 6 trieu thiing diu moi nga>. Dy kien 15 nam ldi. con sd tren se lang len gap ddi. Trong khi cac ngudn lai nguyen trong nudc cbi dap iing dugc mdl nira nhu cau, Trung Qudc budng ve chau Phi vdi Angola la ddi tac dau md ldn nh§l. liep den la Sudan va Nigeria. Hien dau mo nhap khau lir Chau Phi chiem 1/3 lugng dau md nhap khau eiia Trung Qude, nhung khdi lugng nay chua day 10%) dau md xuat khau ciia luc dia Den. Dieu nay cho thiiy: trong luang lai, Trung Qudc cdn ed the khai thac nhieu ban nira lir luc dja giau tai nguyen nay.
irong tbanb cdng eiia Trung Qudc nhirng nam vira qua. ngudn cung cap dau va khoang san tir chau Phi da gdp phan quan trgng. Mac dil eudc khiing boang loan cau bien nay lac ddng khdng nhd den Trung Qudc. nhung bg van liep tue theo dudi chien luge khai thac ngudn nguyen lieu thd tir chau Phi.
Cac nha lanh dao chau Phi danh gia cao nhung cam ket ciia Trung Qudc va cho biel hg vui mimg trudc nhung lien bd vugt bac va dat nhieu ki vgng vao mdi quan he mang tinh chien luge vdi nudc nay. De dap lai,
Irung Qudc cam ket ma cua thi trudng. dao lao ky niing, xay dyng Irudng hgc, giiip dd y le, md trung tam cdng nghiep md...cho chau Phi. Trong kbi An Do mdi cam ket, thi nhieu ITnh vye Trung Qude da va dang trien khai
ihyc hien lai chau Phi \a hieu qua thi eao ban An Do nhieu.
2/ Ve thai gian. An Do den chau Phi cham ban Trung Qudc. Don gian la \iec td chirc Hdi nghi thugng dinh. Trung Qudc eiing da tien banh trudc An Do gan 2 nam. Dd la chua ke tham du Hdi nghj An Do - chau Phi cbi cd lanh dao cua 14 qude gia. edn lai Hdi nghj Trung Qudc - chau Phi. Tmng Qudc id ra lil mdl chu nha hao phdng da trai iham dd chao ddn lanh dao cua bc7n 40 qude gia chau Phi. Hdi nghj ciing da cam kel eho \av \a vien trg hang ti dd la. luven bd thanh lap
"mdt kieu ddi tac chien luge mdi gitra Trung Qudc - chau Phi. binh dang ve chinh tri. tin cay lan nhau, hgp tae cimg cd lgi"". Riit nhieu thda thuan da dugc thdng qua tai Hdi nghj nay, danh dau su thanh edng cho ca 1 rung Qudc va chau Phi. So \di nhung gi mil An Do cam ket trong Hgi nghi thimg 4'2008, cd the thav, giua Trung Qudc vii .\n Do cdn ed mdl khoang each kha xa, dii chi trong cam ket. Cung can cbii y rang, ehi trong vdng 6 thang dau nam 2006, Trung Qudc da cd ldi 3 chuyen tham cap cao, irong dd ca Chu tich va Thu ludng deu den chau Phi, ciing vdi bang tram lanh dao cac doanh nghiep ldn'.
Trong kbi dd, nbimg chuven tham nhu the ddi vdi An Do cdn kha hiem hoi. Thuc ra, khdng cbl vdi Trung Qude, mil An Do den chau Phi cdn cham ban so vdi ca mot sd ddi tac kbac.
3/ Trung Qude hgp tae vdi chiiu Phi trong nhieu ITnh vuc ban so \di An Do: An Do hgp lac vdi chau Phi ehu \ eu trong thuang mai, dau tu, khoa hgc cdng nghe, ehinh trj.
Ddi \ di Trung qudc. ngoiii ciic ITnh \ uc IrC'n,
Tgp chi nghien cuu CILAt IMII A T K I A G » 0 \ G so 07 (47) thang 7/20009_
bg cdn hgp lac ve quan sy. y le. van hda. the thao...chua ke ndi dung, pham vi ciia mdi van de nay vira rdng hon, vira cu the hon.
Chang ban. An Do chi cung cap tin dung cho chau Phi, trong khi Trung Qudc cdn cung cap ODA, xda ng, hd trg ky thual.,.vdi qui md kha ldn.
4/ An Do den chau Phi chii yeu bang cac cdng ty tu nhan, trong khi Trung Qudc den chau Phi chii yeu bang cdng ly nha nudc. 0 hai nudc nay, dii cd ban che gi di nira. tbi liem luc ciia cdng ty nha nudc van ban cac cdng ly tu nhan. Hon nira, dang sau cac cdng ly dd cdn cd sy ung hd lo ldn ciia ca mdl luc lugng chinh trj hiing manh. Cd the Ihay dieu nay qua su kien thang 10/2006, Ngan hang Thuang mai va Cdng nghiep Trung Qudc da mua 5,6 ly USD. chiem 20% cd phan ciia ngan hang ldn nhat Nam Phi la Standard Bank Group. Ddng thai niiy la mdt budc ngoat trong quan be kinb te Trung Qude - chau Phi. Rd rang la chii the hgp lac ciia Trung Qudc cd nhung the manh hon An Do.
5/ Trong thuang mai. Trung Qudc va chau Phi da cd quan he vdi nhau lir lau nay.
Gid day. Trung Qudc la ddi tac Idn thir 3 cua chau Phi, sau My va EU. Chi rieng hai ngay Hdi nghi thugng dinh lai Bac Kinh. da cd hon 2.000 thda thuan thuang mai vdi gia iri gia gan hai li dd la dugc ky giiia Trung Qudc - chau Phi. Trong khi dd. hdi nghj tuong tu ciia An Do khdng cd sd lieu chinh Ibirc nao dugc dua ra. Thuong mai Trung Qudc - chau Phi nam 2006-2007 mdi la 20 ly USD Ihi nam 2007-2008 dat 56 ly USD. du kien ddn nam 2010 se la 100 ly USD, nhung den cudi nam 2008 da dat diro'c muc lieu nav. Ciina
thdi gian tren, thuang mai An Do - chau Phi chi dat 25 i}' USD, bang mdt nira thuang mai Trung Qudc - chau Phi va den 2012 mdi dat 50 ty USD. Hien nay. An Do chi mdi chiem 2,2% thi phan nhap khau eua chau Phi". Theo nha kinh le Harry G.Broadman.
thj trudng Trung Qudc dang tac ddng lich cyc ldi kinh le cac nudc chau Phi. Ong cho rang viec gia tang boat ddng thuang mai Trung Qudc - chau Phi va sy dau lu ben vting ciia Trung Qudc vao day dang Ibiic day chau Phi hdi nhap kinh le the gidi.
Ciing can phai ndi them rang, tbanb phan thuang mai giua chau Phi va Trung Qudc ciing gidng nhu vdi cac ddi tac kbac. cd nghTa la chau Phi khdng phai diinb cho Trung Qudc uu dai dac biet nao. Irong kbi Trung Qudc da danh cho chau Phi kha nhieu uu dai nhu md cira thj trudng bang hda, nang sd lugng hang hda dugc mien Ihue lir 190 len 440 loai cho 28 qudc gia kem pbal trien tai chau luc niiy. thuc hien can ddi ca cau thuong mai song phuang. Chinh sach uu dai tren da mang lai 250 trieu USD cho chau Phi nam 2006. Dd la mdt thuan Igi rat Idn cho quan he thuang mai song phuang. An Do ciing cd nhtrng uu dai cho chau Phi. song il ban va chua cu the bang. An Do cting mdi cbi ky Hiep dinh Ihuong mai vdi 29 nudc chau Phi.
6/ Trong ITnh vye dau tu: Nhin ldng the.
nhu nhan dinh ciia dng Supaehai Panitchpakdi, Tdng Thu ky UNCTAD:
Trung Qudc dang ndi len la nha dau tu ra nudc ngoai day liem nang. Trung Qudc rat xung dang la binh mau de cac nudc dang pbal trien hgc tap va noi theo.
Tgp chi nghien ciru CII.AH P H I A Tlli;>G t » 0 \ G so 07 (47) thang 7/2009
Quan he vdi chau Phi: Nguyen Van Lich
Dau lu ciia Lrung Qudc vao chau Phi tang nhanh trong nhting nam gin day. Tinh den cudi nam 2006. Trung Qudc da dSu tu tdng cdng 16.14 ty USD vao cac du an tai 49 qudc gia chau Phi. Trung Qudc cdn tbanb lap qui qudc gia va se dau tu 62 t>' USD vao chau Phi. Hien cd ban 800 cdng ty ciia Trung Qudc dang dau lu lai chau Phi. Cac cdng ly nay danh gia dau lu vao chau Phi cd nhieu Ihuan Igi. Trong khi dd. chau Phi dau tu vao Trung Qudc la 1,1 ly USD. Trong thap ky qua, Trung Qudc la nha dau tu nhanh nhat vao ca sd ba lang, da bd trg ral ldn cho ndng nghiep, y te, giao due ciia chau Phi. Ke tir nam 2000, cac doanh nghiep Tmng Qudc da ky hgp ddng xay dyng ban 6.000 km dudng eao tdc, 3.000 km dudng sat va 8 nha may dien quy md vira va Idn. Neu nhu irudc kia, ddi tae dau tu Iruyen thdng vao chau Phi la My va EU, tbi gid day. sy xuat bien cua Trung Qudc trong ban dd dau lu d chiiu Phi dang la mdt chieu hudng nicri.
Trong kbi dd. cho den nay. An Do mdi dau lu dugc ban 1.5 ty USD vao chau Phi, cbii yeu la vao san xuat dudng, pbal trien cdng nghiep vira va nhd, eung cap he thdng ve tinh khu vye. he thdng sgi quang hgc...
Chau Phi mudn cac cdng ly An Do dau tu manh vao luc dia nav. Tdng thdng Tanzania ndi: Chau Phi khdng du dieu kien de sir dung nhCrng uu dai cua An Do. bg can cd them nhieu vdn ban ntra. Tuy nhien. day la mdt thach dd Idn ddi vdi An Do. bdi ban than hg cdn dang rat thidu vdn. Chinh An Do ciing thira nhan la d4u tu cua hg lai chau Phi cdn riil khiem tdn.
Ca Trung Qudc va An Do deu mong mudn dau tu vao nguon nang lugng ddi dao
cua chau Phi. Hien nay. Trung Qudc da dau tu 15 ty USD vao cac dy an khai thac dau a chau Phi. dua chau Phi tbanb ddi lac dau kbi ldn eua Trung Qudc. Ve phia An Do. hg da bj mat mdt sd du an khai thac dau chu > eu cho Trung Qude. Chinh An Do da nhan ra rang bg khdng dudi kip Trung Qudc irong dau lu. Trong khi cac luyen dudng sal cua Trung Qudc da dan cheo chau Phi. thi cac cdng ly cua An Do cdn dang than irgng tim kiem ca bdi.
Mdt trong nhting thuan lgi de Trung Qudc lang cudng dau lu ra ngoai chinh la ngudn du trir ngoai te khdng Id. \di bon 1.900 ty USD. trong khi An Do mdi cd 310 ty USD.
Ngudn dy trir nav chirng lo sire manh cua Trung Qudc cd the anh huong den nen kinh le the gidi. Trong cude khung hoang liii ehinh dang dien ra hien na\. ciin cir \ao ngudn ngoai le khdng Id nay. Trung Qudc khdng nhung dii lu ciru minh. mil cdn dugc the gidi li_\ \gng se la mdl \i ciru tinh...
Hien nay nhieu nudc chau Phi keu ggi Trung Qudc lang them diiu lu. diiv' la ca hgi lot cho Trung Qudc.
II Ciing vdi dau tu lii lai trg: Day lii "lieu thudc thu"". la "mdn quit"" de chimg lo su hao phdng cua cae ddi lac Irong quan he \di nhau. Trung Qude sir dung vien trg de thiic day cac boat ddng thuong mai va dau tu eua minh. Ngoai nbtmg phan lich a tren. theo sd lieu eiia Trung Qudc. irong 50 nam qua. hg da ed 800 du an vien trg d chau Phi. trong dd cd 137 du an ihudc ITnb vuc ndng nghiep va 133 dy an thudc ITnb vuc ca sd ba tang nhu dap nudc. he thdng thuy lgi. cau cdng.
Nhung cdng irinh nay deu do irung Qudc cir ngudi den iryc liep xiiy dung. Trong khi
Tgp chi nghien cuu CII.Al' P H I A T i l l "NG « 0 \ G so 07 (47) thang 7/20009-
phuong Tay, WB. IMF yeu cau phai cd dieu kien trong cung cap vien trg thi Trung Qudc san sang khdng ddi hdi dieu kien gi (trir van de Dai Loan). Khdng gidng nhu My, Trung Qudc khdng yeu cau phai thanh lap nhung ca sd quan sy d day de bao ve nhiing Igi ich kinh te ciia hg. Day la mdt uu the cua Trung Qudc so vdi ca nhimg ddi lac Idn ciia chau Phi. Mai khae, viec Trung Qudc day manh cung cap vien trg vd dieu kien cho cac nudc chau Phi, dac biet la vien trg vdn va ky thual.
lang cudng giao luu vdi cac qudc gia chau Phi, la de lam giam thieu anh hudng ciia
"Thuyet ve mdi de dga lir Trung Qudc" d chau luc nay. Trong ba nam ldi. Trung Qudc se tang gap ddi vien trg cho chau Phi ciing vdi mdl khoan vay uu dai Iri gia 5 ti USD.
Trung Qudc se dao lao nghe cho 15.000 ngudi, thiet lap mdl quy de giiip chau Phi xay dyng Irudng bgc va benh vien. Trung Qudc se tiep luc giiip chau Phi thyc hien ke hoach NEPAD.
Ddng ODA ciia Trung Qudc cho chau Phi tang len hang nam, lir 310 trieu USD nam 1989 len 1,5 ly USD nam 2004-2005 va nam 2006 la 2.3 ty USD. Nam 2006. Trung Qudc da xda 1,3 ly USD, luang duong 33%
khoan ng khd tra ciia cac nudc chau Phi ngheo nang ng. Nam 2009. Trung Qudc se xda lat ca nhirng khoan ng khdng lai cho cac nudc tren da cd quan he ngoai giao vdi Trung Qudc.
Tin dung thuang mai, ca trung ban va dai ban la mdl phan quan trgng de Trung Qudc giiip dd chau Phi. Nam 2009. Trung Qudc se cung eSp 5 ly USD tin dung im dai cho chau Phi. Rieng vdi 4 nudc Nigeria, Angola, Ethiopia va Congo, Trung Qudc se cho vay
mdm 25 ty USD trong 3 nam tdi. Vdi nhung gi da lam dugc, Trung Qudc da vugt WB tra thanh nha tai trg chinh cho luc dja nay.
Vd phia An Do, tir nam 2004-2005 dan 2008-2009, hg da eSp 2.15 ty USD tin dung cho chau Phi va trong 5 nam tdi. se tang gap ddi. dat 5.4 tv USD. Lugng vdn tai trg cua An Do gianh cho chau Phi chi linh bang vai chue trieu USD. Mac dii dav la nhiing cd gang vil quvet lam rat Idn cua An Do de tang cudng hgp lac vdi chau Phi. nhimg so vdi nhiing gi Tmng Qudc da va dang lam thi cdn rat khiem tdn
8/ Trong nganh dich vu: Chau Phi dang nhanh chdng trd thanh thj irudng chinh cho cac xi nghiep xay dyng va ca khi cua Trung Qudc. Cac dy an hgp ddng. tu van thiet ke...ciia Trung Qudc lai day dai gan 2 ty USD trong 2001. lang len 9.5 ty USD trong nam 2006. Ddng thdi. vdi su tang len cua thuang mai dich vu. lugng khach Trung Qudc den du lich chiiu Phi cung dang tang len nhanh chdng. Trung Qudc da sir dung djcb vu de bd Irg cac nganh cua bg tai chau Phi nhu ndng nghiep. che tao, nang lugng.
giao thdng. vien thdng. ca sd ha lang. khai thac lai nguyen. Trong khi dd. cac cam ket ciing nhu cac boat ddng djeh vu cua An Do lai chau Phi la chua rd rang.
9/ Trong nganh ndng nghiep: Gan day Trung Qudc da khdi ddng Dy an htrp tac qudc le "Lai lao gidng lua sieu sach cho khu vuc ddi ngheo d chau Phi vii chau A", bang viec lai tao 15 gidng liia mdi. qua dd lang them 20%) san lugng liia cho 20 trieu ndng dan ngheo lai bai chau luc tren. Du an nay cd ldng kinb phi Iii 18 trieu USD. thuc bien
32 Tgp ehi nghien cdu CII.Al PHI A TIllAG H 6 \ G SO 07 (47) thang 7/2009
Quan he vdi chau Phi: Nguyen Van Lich
trong 3 nam. Trong kbi dd. tuy An Do vdn cd the manh ve ndng nghiep - nhAi la cac thanh tyu cua cae cugc each mang Xanh - va chau Phi rat can mdt cude each mang irong ndng nghiep de tang san lugng luong ibuc.
nhung sy trg giiip cua An Do cho chau Phi cdn kha khiem tdn. Trgng tam dau tu ciia An Do la vao cac nganh cdng nghiep va dich vu.
10/ Hoat ddng ciia khu vye lu nhan: Hai thap ky irudc day. cbi cd cac cdng ty nha nudc Trung Qudc mdi dugc boat ddng thuong mai qudc te. Hien nay. khu vye lu nhan ciia Trung Qudc dang la luc lugng hang dau irong thuang mai, dau tu, cac hgp ddng xay dung.. .tai chau Phi. Cac cdng ly lu nhan Trung Qudc da dau tu hang trieu USD vao del, md, djeh vu, ndng nghiep, che bien...Lyc lugng nay da va dang lam cho chinh sach ciia chinh phii Trung Qudc them hieu qua. Rd rang la su hgp lyc gitra tu nhan va nha nude da tang them sire canh tranh cho Trung Qudc lai chau Phi. Ngoai nhtrng ITnh vuc tren, Trung Qudc cdn hgp lac vdi chau Phi Irong tai chinh, du lich, hgp lac da phuong. Trong kbi ten tudi nhieu edng ly An Do vin cdn rat mdi ddi vdi chau Phi - mac dil day la nhung cdng ty cung cd lam cd nbal djnh Irong ndn kinb te the gidi - tbi nhidu cdng ty ciia Trung Qudc da tra nen quen thudc lai chau luc nav .
Nhu vay, vd kinh le, Trung Qudc da trd Ihanh mdl tbi iruimg, nha dau tu, nha xay dung chinh. ciing nhu nha tiii trg chinh cho chiiu Phi. Trung Quoc la mdt trong nhung nhii lieu diing dau Idn nhat. nha xuat khau himg hda re ldn nhat cho Chau Phi. Ndi ehung. quan he kinh id ngay cang ihk chat.
11/ Ngoai kinh le. chinh tri cung la muc lieu quan trgng trong chinh sach cua Trung Qudc ddi \ d i chau Phi. Trung Qudc cd quan he ngoai giao gan gui \di nhieu nude khu vuc can Xahara tir nhung nam 1950. Hon nua the ky qua. hai ben da lang cudng quan be chinh trj. ddi ngoai nhan dan. cung nhu eae chuyen tham cap cao. Hai ben ciing da lich cue trao ddi cac doan cua cae dang chinh tri. thuc hien ca che tham khao. hgp lac trong nhung van de qudc le \ a trao ddi doan cap dia phuang. Cd the ndi. Trung Qude da hd trg tdt nhat cho chau Phi. Ngugc lai. chau Phi ciing ung hd Trung Qudc manh me. Tang cudng doan kel va hgp lac \di chau Phi ludn ludn la mdl ndi dung quan trgng trong chinh sach ddi ngoai eua i r u n g Qudc. Ngudi chiiu Phi riil tdn trgng tinh hiru nghi \ di Trung Qudc. bai Trung Qudc khdng mang vu kbi den diiy nhu cac de qudc khae.
ma mang lien cua. bal gidng \ a kT thuiil den giiip chiiu Phi. Chiiu Phi dii ung hg Irung Qudc \ a o Hdi ddng Bao an Lien herp qudc.
lich circ ung hg chinh siich nigl nude Irung Qudc. Lien quan den chinh sach niiv, lrung Qudc dii dd bang tv USD \iio chau Phi, vira giai quvet van de Dili Loan, \ira giai quvet van de kinb te. An Do da khdng du sire canh iranb \di Trung Qudc trong ITnh \uc nii>.
rhuc ra, trong qua khir, .An Do va chiiu Phi ed quan he tdt dep vdi nhau. Tuy nhien, tu 1991 khi An Do bat dau lien banh cai each kinh te, bg da bo rai chau Phi. Gid da>, nhan ra \ ai ird quan trgng eiia chau Phi. An Do dii lim each quay lai luc dja nay. trong khi ban than dang cd khdng it khd khiin. Chinh \ i thd. ea the \ a lue cua An Dg khd ed the biing Trung Qudc. Cac chinh tri gia chau Phi liu
Tgp chi nghien ciru CHAI A TKl >G » 6 \ G .so 07 (47) thang 7/20009- ^
hoan nghenh quan he chat che vdi Bac Kinh.
Cbii ljch Hd Cam Dao khang djnh: Trung Qudc se mai mai la mdt ngudi ban, ddi tac va ngudi anh em than can ciia chau Phi. Ca sd quan trgng ciia quan be nay dua tren nhting nguyen lac chii yeu la: Chan thanh.
hiru nghj va binh dang; Ciing cd Igi. cd di cd lai va thjnh vugng chung; Ung hd lan nhau va Ihuc day hgp tac; Hgc hdi lan nhau va lim kiem sy phat trien chung. Day la nen lang vimg chae cho quan be Trung Qudc - chau Phi. Ngoai ra, Trung Qudc tang cudng quan be vdi chau luc nay, vi bg cdn phai xir ly quan he chien luge Trung - My - Nga d Chau Phi vdn day tiem nang ve ngudn nang lugng. Trong khi dd. An Do cdn phai van ddng de chau Phi iing bd hg vao Hdi ddng Bao an Lien hgp qudc. Tuy nhien. day cung la nguyen vgng ciia chau Phi. Tdng ihdng Tanzania nhan xel: An Do va chau Phi deu xirng dang la dai dien Ihudng trye lai LHQ.
Do vay, ngoai viec hai ben lien ket, ung hd lan nhau. tbi dang sau dd cdn la mdl cugc canh tranh nira.
12/ Ve an ninh, quan sy: Trong khi An Do chua cd quan be chat che, mdi cam ket se hgp lac de chdng rira lien, budn lau ma tiiy...tbi Trung Qudc da san sang giiip dd chau Phi. tham cbi da cd Hiep djnh vdi Mozambique, Seychelles, se trao ddi doan cap cao, lien hanh hgp tac va Irao ddi cdng nghe, hd trg va giup chau Phi huan luyen quan sy. Ngoai ra, hai ben cdn hgp tac gitr gin hda binh va giai quyet xung dot, hgp tac vd phap ly va canh sal. hgp tac trong nhirng ITnh vuc an ninh khdng truyen thdng.
13/ Ve van hda, khoa hgc, giao due, y te:
An Do cam ket se giup chau Phi tang cudng
nang luc thdng qua dao lao. se tang sd bgc bdng cho chau Phi lir 1.100 len 1.600 ngudi/nam. Trong khi dd. Trung Qudc se tiep luc hgp tac phat trien ngudn nhan lyc va giao due. lang cudng trao ddi sinh vien. tang hgc bdng ciia chinh phu tir 2.000 len 4.000 ngudi/nam. xay dyng 100 trudng hgc. liep lyc giri giao vien sang giiip chau Phi trong viec giang day lieng Trung Qudc, bd irg y le, giao due. lang cudng day nghe va giao dye tir xa. ddng thdi ibuc day trao ddi va hgp tac gitra cac ca sd giao dye ciia bai ben. Trung Qudc se cir 100 chuyen gia ndng nghiep tdi chau Phi. thanh lap 10 trung tam dac biel de hudng dan cdng nghe cho chau Phi. xay dyng 30 benh vien. 30 trung lam phdng chdng va chain sdc benh sdt ret. cung cap Ihudc men va cu 300 linh nguyen vien ire den chau Phi^ Rd rang la hgp tac khoa bgc cdng nghe. giao due.
y le gitra Trung Qudc va chau Phi rdng bon va cd linb thiel thyc hon.
An Do hau nhu chua cd hgp lac vdi chau Phi ve van hda. Trong kbi dd. ngoai van hda.
Trung Qudc cdn hgp lac vdi chau Phi ve truyen thdng, eai each banh chinh. lanh su.
mdi trudng. bd Irg nhan dao va giam nhe thien tai...Trung Qudc se xay dung Trung lam Hdi nghj cho chau Phi va bd trg de tang cudng kha nang hdi nhap cua eac nudc chau Phi.
Mdl khoang each cd the nhan thay nira Iii:
Trung Qudc cd 10 trung tam, hiep hdi. vien cd chat lugng cao de nghien eiru ve kinb Id.
ljch su. chinh trj va van hda chau Phi. An Do chua cd mdl be thdng nghien eiru ed chieu sau va kinh nghiem nhu the. Viec dao lao cac chuyen gia ve Trung Qudc. My, EU
H
Tgp chi nghien ciiu CH.Ai; Pill A Tllli:\G »U:^G so 07 (47) thang 7/2009Quan he vdi chau Phi: Nguyen Van Ljch
cua An Do van cdn nang ve sd lugng ma it chii y den chat lugng.
14/ Quan he song phuang ciia Trung Qudc vdi timg nudc chau Phi cting rdng ban va bieu qua ban An Do: Trung Quoc da ky vdi Nam Phi - qudc gia giau ed nhat va cd nhieu tai nguyen khoang san - 13 thoa thuan ve hgp tac kinh te. Thuang mai song phuong irong nam 2005 dat ban 4 ty USD. Trung Qudc cam ket se ban che xuat khau del may sang Nam Phi de cim van 25.000 lao ddng nganh del may ciia nudc nay bi anh budng nang ne vi hang nhap khau lir Trung Qudc.
Trung Qudc da dau tu 130 irieu USD vao Nam Phi. Han 400 trieu USD ciia Nam Phi cung da vao Trung Qudc. Ddng thai, Trung Qudc da tai trg 500.000 USD cho cac du an giao due eiia Nam Phi. Vdi bon 10 nam quan he ngoai giao, Trung Qudc-Nam Phi dang tiing cudng ban ntra co che ddi thoai chien luge, Irgng lam viio kinh le. thuang mai.
chinh tri, phat trien ngudn nhan lue, xda ddi, giam ngheo.
Vdi Uganda. Trung Qudc da ky kel mdl loat eac van kien, thoa thuan hgp lac tren nhieu ITnb vye nhu khai thac mo, dau kbi.
liip rap d td. det may... Dang ke nhat la thoa thuan Trung Qudc cung cap tai chinh de xiiy dung luyen dudng sal Pakwach -Juba. Trung Qudc cam kdt cho Ghana vay vdi lai sual uu dai 72 irieu USD de pbal Irien mang vien thdng va cam kdt gui cac bac sT sang lam viec a day. Chuydn tham ciia Tbii ludng On Gia Bao tdi 7 nudc chau Phi la Ai cap. Nam Phi. Uganda. Ghana. Angola. Congo.
Tanzania Irong thang 6/2006 dugc diinh gia lil thiinh edne mv man.
Trung Qudc dac biet cd uv lin \di nhieu nudc chau Phi ve chat lugng be thdng giao thdng ma bg true tiep giiip dd xa\ dimg:
Trung Qudc da giiip vdn uu dai de xav dung tuyen dudng sat Tanzania-Zambia (diii 1.860 km) trong gan 6 nam va bal dau boat ddng tii' nam 1976. Thu ludng On Gia Bao pbal bieu:
"Ngav dd. Trung Qudc cdn ngheo mil da giiip chau Phi xav dung dugc luven dudng boanh trang nhu the. tbi vdi liem luc ngiiv nay. Trung Qudc hoan loan ed the giiip dd chau Phi nhirng edng trinh cd quy md ldn bon rat nhieu"". Quan he hgp tac gitra Trung Qudc - chau Phi ngay cang pbal trien tdt dep.
Khdng cbl dua vdn. cdng nghe. Trung Qudc cdn dua ca nhan cdng sang chau Phi.
Den nam 2006 da cd bon 70.000 ndng diin Trung Qudc sang chau Phi de lao ddng.
Rieng trong nam 2007. ed ldi 750.000 cdng nhiin i'rung Qudc dii sang chiiu Phi de kim viec Irong ciie linh \ uc xiiv dung, ndng nghiep vii khai khoiing theo ciic du iin cua nudc nay.
Ket luan:
Trung Qudc vii An Do da vii dang hgp uic vdi nhau irong nhieu ITnh vuc. tham chi da dua ra cam kel "quan he ddi lac chien luge Trung-An"" vao thang 4/2005. Tuv nhien.
Iren thuc te con rdng Trung Qudc va con voi An Do lai cd v e thich lam ddi thu ban lii ddi lac. Ca bai ddu dang lim each tranh giimh anh huong tai khu vye Ddng Nam A. Nam A. Trung A va nav la chau Phi. Trong cude canh tranh nii>-. Trung Qude da vum An Do trong nhieu ITnb vuc.
Nhirng phan lich tren cho thiiy. sire canh tranh ndi cbune cua An Do lii ihiip hon
Tgp chi nghien ciru C H A I IMII A T i l l >G t » 0 \ G so 07 (47) thang 7/20009- 35
Trung Qudc va cugc canh Iranh lai chau Phi cung vay. An Do mudn lang cudng sy hien dien tai chau Phi. Tuy nhien, cdng viec nay khdng he de dang khi cd mat Trung Qudc lai day. De vugt len, An Do phai lam nhieu ban va nhanh ban mdi hy vgng dai dugc nhirng gi hg mong mudn. Tuy nhien. cdng viec nay khdng be don gian, khi hg phai ddi mat vdi Trung Qudc. Kha nang ciia Trung Qudc ciing Idn ban nhieu so vdi An Do. Dat nudc nay da thu dugc nhieu thanh qua trong hgp tac vdi chau Phi. trong khi An Do mdi bat dau. Giam ddc Trung tam Pbal irien cua OECD, Louka Katseli nhan xet Trung Qudc cd vai trd quan trgng trong qua irinh pbal trien kinb te chau Phi. Cd mdt mdi lien quan rat rd rang gitra sy phat trien kinb le ciia chau Phi trong may nam gan day vdi da tang trudng manh kinh te Trung Qude.
Thyc ra, An Do khdng chi phai canh tranh vdi Trung Qudc. ma cdn vdi cac ddi thii
"nang ky" kbac. Chang ban, Nga tuyen bd se xda ng 4,5 ty USD cho Libya, ddng thdi.
Nga se cd them nhieu dy an lai day . EU - chau Phi da cd Hdi nghj cap cao trong thang
12/2007, danh dau su chuyen bien quan be gitra hai khu vye. Nbal Ban dang md rdng quan he hgp tac kinh te, thuong mai vdi chau Phi vdi cac bdi nghi TIC AD.... Ngay Viet Nam ciing da cir nhieu chuyen gia va dua hang nghin lao ddng den lam viec lai mdl sd nudc a chau Phi. Chinh vi the. day la eudc canh tranh khdng de dang chiit nao. An Do dang gap nhidu khd khan va khd cd kha nang vugt qua dugc Trung Qudc trong cugc canh tranh nay.
Chu thieh:
' http://news-service.stanford.edu
^ http://www.internationalmonetaryfund.org
^ http://www.internationalmonelarvfund.ori;
"* The Financial Express, ngay 19/4/2008.
Tai lieu t h a m khao
- Nguyen Van Lich. Hop tdc kinh te Viet Nam-Chdu Phi. Tap chi Kinh te Chau A- Thai
Binh Duang, 86 1,4/3/2003
- Nguyen Van Ljch. Hdi nghi cdp cao An Do - Chdu Phi ldn thu nhdt. Tap chi Nghien ciru Qudc t i so 2 (73). 6/2008
- Nguyen Van Ljch, Tiem ndng kinh te Chdu Phi. Tap chi Nghien ciru Quoc te, so 6 (55),
12/2003
Tin kinh te the gidi (TTXVN), ngay 12/05/2008
- Bao The Financial Express, ngay 9/8/2005;
26/9/2006: 10/10/2006; 3/10/2006; 9 va 10 /4/2008; 19/4/2008.
- Bao Business-Standard, ngay 9 va 101412008.
- Bao The Exonomic Times, ngay 9 va 101412008.
- Bao The Asian Age, ngay 9 va 10 141 2008.
- Bao The Statesman ngay 8/4/2008:
16/4/2008
- Bao 777c^ Hindustan ngay 9/4/2008
- Research and Development Statistics 2004- 2005. Government of India. Ministry of Science and Technology - 9/2006.
www.indiatoeether.ora
http://news-service.stanfoid.edu
http://www.internationalmonetarvfund.oru
Tgp chi nghien cuu CII AC Pill A TRC:\G IM»G so 07 (47) thang 7/2009
