i NGHlENClhlLiLUAN
QUY TRiNH DAY HOC TIM TOI - NGHIEN CUU BAI THI NGHIEM THUC HANH VAT Ll flf TRU0NG TRUNG HOC CO S6
vo VAN TH6N6 Tnrttng Cae d k i Sd Bham Nnhfe An
Email: [email protected]
Torn tdt: Day hoe tim tdi - nghiin cOu Id phuang phdp dgy hoc tiep can phuang phdp nghiin cOu eua edc nhd Idtoa hoc, gido viin to chOe cho hoc sinh hoat ddng nhdn thdc theo logic cOa tiin trinh nghien cOu khoa hoc, tgo dieu ki^n d » hgc sinh dugc trdl nghiim qud trinh nghiin cOu khoa hpc. Day hpc tim tdi - nghiin cOu giup hoc sinh dugc trdi nghiim nhdn thOe ve vdn di nghiin cOli, de xuat du dodn, Idm thi nghiem kiim tra thOc thu nhO edc nhd khoa hgc di xdy difljg klin thOc cho minh dudi sugiOp ddkhi cdn thiit cuo gido vien. Bdi viet da Idm rd khdi niim; hogt ddng ddc trUng cOagida viin vd hpc sinh; cdc giai dogn cua tiin trinh day, edu true, mOe do day bdi thi nghiem thuc hdnh theo hinh thOc tSchik hogt ddng vi tim tdl - nghiin cOu vdt 11 trung hge easd
Titkhda: Thi nghiim thuc hdnh; vdtii, day hgc tim toi, trudng trung hoe easd.
(Nhdn bdi ngdy 22/6/2016; Nhan kit qua phdn biin vd ehinh sOa ngdy 20/7/2016; Duyet ddng ngdy 27/7/2016). j
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Trong nhUng n i m vUa gua, g i i o due Viet Nam dang ehuyen ddi tUday hoc chii y e u ' c u n g cap ki^n thUc"sang day hpc "phat tnen n i n g lue'eua ngudi hpe [1], Hoc smh (HS) p h i l duoc chil ddng, hoat d d n g t i m tdi - nghien cUu chiem linh kien thdc, p h u o n g p h i p thyc hien, ti'ch cUc v i n dung g i i i quyet e i c v i n de thuc tien, Cic phUcmg p h i p day hoc tich cue d i duoc t i p h u i n , trien khai v i o thuc ti^n day hoc v i t II t r u d n g trung hoc co sd n h U day hgc g i i i quy^t v i n d ^ , day hoe theo p h u o n g p h i p thuc nghiem, day hoe d u i n , day hpc k h i m p h i , p h u o n g p h i p ban tay n i n bdt,... Cic phuong p h i p ndi tr&n chi d i s i u v i o CO sd li l u i n ciia viec td chUc day hoc xay dUng kien thUc mdl, c h u khdng de c i p den viec day hgc eac b i i thi nghiem thuc h i n h , neu cd chi mang t i n h hinh thUc Chung chung trong khi d d b i t t h i nghiem thifc hanh rat quan trpng trong viee giup HS cimg ed kien thUc, hinh t h i n h n h i n each, r^n luyen ki n i n g , p h i t trien k h i nang g i i i quyet van de, kiem tra, d i n h g i i ket q u i hoe t i p va CO t i e dung giao dUdng, giao due v i phat trien HS.
Trong b i i viet niy, ehung tdi dua tren co sd eac bude thuc hien nghien cUu eua eac nha khoa hoe ( c i li thuyet va thUe nghiem) da edng bd tren eac t i i lieu, vien nghien cUu. e i c trudng hoc Chimg tdi chuyen hoa thanh phuong p h i p day hoc t i m tdi - nghien cdu trong bai day thi nghiem thuc h i n h . Bai viet da lam rd k h i i mem; hoat ddng d i e trung eiia giao vi&n (GV) v i HS; cae giai doan eua tien trinh day hoc, cau triic, mUc do tim tdi - nghien cdu vat li trung h o c c o s d
2. K h i i q u i t vS day hoc t i m tdi ~ nghien cihi Day hoe t i m tdi - nghien cUu l i p h u o n g phap day hpc tiep can p h u o n g phap nghien cuu cua e i c n h i khoa hoc, GV to ChUc eho HS hoat ddng n h i n thUe theo logic cua tien trinh nghien cUu khoa hoc, tao dieu kien eho
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HS duoc t r i l n g h i e m q u i t r i n h nghian cdli khoa hgc, N^
d u n g CO b i n cua p h u o n g p h a p day hpc t i m tdi - nghifiii eUu la:
- GV l i m x u i t hien van de, ho t r a HS x i c djnh vSndi sao eho HS khdng nhCfng hieu ro v i n de m i v i n d^ 66 p h i i h i p dan, Idi cudn HS, n h d d d HS eo nhu c i u hinti d d n g , t i m hieu, g i i i quyet van d ^ , t i m ra c i i mdi.
- GV ho trcJ HS thUe hien hoat d o n g t i m tdi - rtghl£n Cliu ( l i m t h i n g h i e m , quan s i t , nghian cdu t i i ll^u, di^u tra,..,), t u lye g i i i q u y e t van d e n§u ra va t h u n h i n d i f ^ kien thdc, kinh n g h i e m m d i [2].
- Hogt ddng ddc trung cua GV: Day tim tdl ~ nghiin ok GV kich thich, tao d i e u kifin de HS cd c i u hdl v^vfe d ^ m d l , d i n h h u d n g , tao dieu kien c h o HS t h u th^pdU llfiu de t r i Idl c i u h d i , h d t r o d e HS cd c i u t r i ldi dOng, chfnh xae, r d r a n g .
- Hoat ddng ddc trung eua HS: Hge tim tdi - nghit cOu
HS de x u i t g l i t h u y e t / d u doan khoa hpe, d^ xuft p h u a n g i n k i ^ m tra g i i t h u y e t / d u d o i n khoa hpc, timti/
lieu, lam t h i n g h i e m , t h u t h i p d d lifiu, xCf II, t h i o Mnfl(
t r i ldl c i u hdi, trinh b i y c i u t r i ldi, tranh l u i n , difiu chlnh hoan thien c i u t r i ldi [2].
Day hoc t i m tdi - nghien cdu l i m d hlnh d?yh?c theo quan diem h u d n g HS lam t r u n g t i m eua hoat#19 day hoc, Cd t h ^ so d d hda c i e giai doan eCia hoatdOfS t i m tdl - nghifin cdu t h e o sa do sau:
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4 . Cac mil'c d o d a y hoc t i m t d i - n g h i e n ctJTu b a i t h f n g h i e m t h i i c h a n h v a t l i
Tieu chi co ban de phan mUe do t i m tdi - nghifin euu trong day hoc b i i t h y c hanh v i t li la mUc do ean t h i e p eiia GV, mUc d p t u lUc thuc hien cua HS [3],[4].
Budc 1: Yeu cdu HS xdc dinh vdn de cua bdi thi nghiim thUc hdnh
MUe do 1 GV hudng dan b i i , HS doc tnJde bai thUc h i n h d nha va xac dinh muc dich, yeu cau. GV bo sung, va hoan thien.
MUe d p 2: GVgoi y b i i thyc h i n h d n h a , HS x i c d i n h muc dfch, yfiu eau, GV bd sung, ^ e u chinh
MUe do 3: GV yeu cau HS dpc t n i d c bai thuc hanh d nha va xae dinh mue dieh, yeu c i u . GV gOi y (neu can thiet), HS hoan thien
Budc 2: Ldp ea sd de gidi quyet vdn de cua bdi thi nghiim thue hdnh
MUc do I "GV hudng dan, ho t r o H S lien tUdng, t i m kiem CO s d d e g i i i quyet b i n g e i c cau hdi.
MOc do 2: GV gen y, hd trg HS lien t u d n g , t i m kiem ca sd de g i i i quyet b i n g c i c e i u hdi.
MOc dd 3: GVyeu cdu HS lien tUdng, t i m kiem cO sd de g i i l quyet b i n g c i c c i u hdi, GV ho trO khi can thiet.
Budc 3: Xdy dUng phuang dn, tiin trinh vd tiin hdnh thi nghiim thuc hdnh
MOc dd I: GV hudng dan. HS c i c nhdm tien h i n h thUc hien.
MOc dd 2: GV gpi y. HS e i c n h d m tien h i n h thue hifin. GV dieu ehinh khi c i n thiet.
MUc d d i : GVyeu c i u H S c i c n h d m tien h i n h t h y c hien, GV ho trp khi can thiet.
Budc 4: Kiem tra vlec tien hdnh, biin ludn kit qud, xdc dinh cdu trd Idi, ddp sd
Mdc do 1: GV CO the goi y mpt v i i c i u hdi. HS t U kiem tra lai.
Mdc dd 2: GV yfiu cau HS tU kiem tra lai. GV ho trO khi can thiet
Budc 5: Bdo edo, bdo vi cdch Idm vd ket qud thl
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MOcdd I; HS (dai difin n h d m ) t r i n h bay ket qui.GV bd sung, dieu chinh, k h i n g d j n h ket qua, n h i n x e t djr^
g i i , rut kinh n g h i e m hoat d d n g eua c i c n h d m . MOc do 2: HS (dai difin n h d m ) t r i n h bay tnJdc Mp ket q u i , t r i ldi nhUng c i u hdi lifin q u a n d e n ndi dung nghifin ciiM do GV, HS cac n h d m k h i c nfiu ra d ^ bio vf s u d u n g d i n ciia ket l u i n khoa hoc d i n i t ra. HStitnhin xet, d i n h gia hoat d p n g cua n h d m m i n h , t h a m gia dinh g i i , n h i n xet n h d m ban, GV b d sung, d i e u chtnh, khing d j n h ket q u i , n h i n xet, d i n h g i i , rut k i n h nghiam hoat d d n g ciia c i c n h d m [3],[4].
5. K^t l u | n
Q u i t r i n h h i n h t h a n h , eung ed ki^n thu'c v i F ^ luyfin ki n i n g , p h i t trien kha nang hgc t i p cOa HS duijt t r i i nghiem n h i n thUe ve van de nghien cUu, d^xujt d y d o i n , l i m t h i n g h i e m k i ^ m tra t r o n g cac tn/dng hfli k h i c nhau. Hoat d d n g t i m tdi - nghien cOU cua HS dil hdi tinh tich cUc, t y lUc v i s i n g tao da dupc tUdng minh trong c i c giai doan cCia tien t r i n h day hoc m i chung tii da trinh b i y d tren,
TAILICUTHAMKHAO [1]. Nguyen DUc T h i m , {1998), Gido trinh Tidvk hogt dgng nhgn thOc cua hgc sinh trong dgy hgc vdtlld trudng trung hpc pho thdng, NXB Oai hoc SU phgm, HJ Ndi.
[2]. 0 6 Huong Tra, (2013), Lamap mgtphtxmgphif, dgy hgc hien dai, NXB Oai hoc Su p h a m . Ha Ndi.
[3]. Vo H o i n g Ngoc, (2008), Hinh thdnh kindngO^
thf nghiem vdt II cho hge sinh Idp 6 trung hgc casdg^
phdn ndng cao chdt luang dgy hgc bd mdn, L u i n i n l l f i i si, Trudng Dai hoc Vinh.
14]. Pham Thj Phu, (1999), B6i dudng phuang pt^
thuc nghiim eho hpc sinh nhdm ndng cao dgy hgc cdhtc Idp W trung hge phd thdng, Luan i n Ti^n sT, Tn/dng Gfl hpc Vinh.
EXPLORATION-RESEARCHTEACHING-DOING PHYSICS EXPERIMENTAL PRACTICE AT LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS
VoVanThMf Nghe An College of EdiKtSm EmaU: vothong.cdsp^tattiLaM
leoc^Ts^r^.nTT""""' ' " " " " ' " " '""'""^ ™ " " " ' " ' ™ " * ' " " " ' " '"P"'"^'' of scientists U canJZrieTeltT: " " ' ' f t " , " " * ' ' " ° ™ ' * " " " " • " > - IdSic o f the scientiftc reseoreh process, s l t t * * teZsreaZieniT ' T y ^ ' " ' " ' ' ' " ' ' " ' ^ ' ' ' ^ ^ ^
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"'ir'ards: Experimental praalce: Physics: exploration teaching, ioiver secondary schools.
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