N g u y g n D u y P h u a n g , D o Thj Thiiy. Vai trd ciia An Do trong qudn Iri loan cdu...
©2020 Vien Nghien cu-u An DQ va l a y Nam A T^p chi Nghien eu'u An Bg va Chau A S3 2 (87), thang 2-2020 hHp.//vii5as vass gov vn ISSN: 0866-7314
Vai tro cua An Do trong quan tri toan cSu du-o-i tho-i Chinh quy^n Narendra Modi
Nguyen Duy Phwffng*, Bd Thi Thuy**
' Vn Nghien cuu long hgp, Ban Dii ngoai Trung uong Khoa Chinh tri quoc te vd Ngogi giao. Hoc vien Ngogi giao Ngdy nhdn bar 28/8/2019, ngdy gin phdn hien. 10/12/2019, ngdy duyet ddng. 10/01/2020
r
rong nhung ndm gdn day. An Dd dd thi hien su tham gia tich cue trong nin qudn tri loan cdu, vdi viec iing ho vd kh&i xirdvg hdng loot cdc sdng kiin hap tdc quoc ti mot Bdi viet se phdn tich su dieu chinh vai tro ciia An Do trong nin quan Iri todn cdu, dgc biet dudi thdi Thil ticdng Modi, trong bdn khia cgnh chlnh Id cdi td ede thi chi da phicang todn cdu, qudn tri an ninh truyen thong todn cdu, qudn tri kinh te todn edit vd viec gidi quyit cdc vdn di todn cdu khdc. Qua do eo the thdy, doi vdi vdn de qudn tri todn cdu, duoi thai Modi, An Dd dd lua chgn cdch tiep can thuc dung vd cdch xdc dmh vai tro linh hogt.Tu khoa: An Do, Narendra Modi, qudn tri toan cau, chinh quyen Mo-flau
Sau Chien tranh Lanh, quan tri toan cau (QTTC) da noi Ien nbu- mgt bien phap hieu qua giai quygt cac van de toan cau. Trong nen QTTC, moi quoc gia dgu co vai tro rieng, trong do, vai tro ctia cac nuac Idn nhu My va Trung Quoc van thu hiit sy quan tam han ca. Tuy nhien, sy trSi day manh me ciia An Do gan day cung can dugc chii y dung mii'c Mac dii truac day, An Do thudng dugc nhan xet la thigu thien chi trong viec dam nhan cac trach nhiem quoc tg, nhung anh hudng va uy tfn ciia nudc nay tren trudng quoc tg dang ngay cang dirge cai thien, dac biet la tir khi Thii tudng Modi len cam quygn nam 2014. Trong boi canh Tong thong My Donald Trump riit khoi hang loat cac the che, to chii'c qudc te quan trong da tao ra nhieu khoang trong, cac qudc gia, dac biet la cac cudng qudc trdi day nhu An Do co the tan dung ca hgi de thg hien vai trd ti'ch cue ban, dong thdi yeu cau dugc cd tieng ndi Idn han trong QTTC. Tren ca sd do, viec nghien cuu ve vai trd cua An Do trong QTTC du'di thdi Modi se gdp phan lam ro nen tang cho sy trdi day ciia An Dp cung nhu vai tro va dac diem sy tham gia cua nu*dc nay trong QTTC.
* [email protected]. vn
Nghign cuu An Do va Chau A. S6 2 - 2020, tr. 1 -9
Nguyen Duy Phuong, Dd Thj Thiiy. Vai trd cua An Do trong qudn tri todn cdu^
1. Khai niem quan tri toan cau
Quan tri toan cau la mdt khai niem da xuat hien trong nen chinh tri quoc tg hien dai tu sau Chien tranh thg gidi thu nhSt vdi nigm tin rdng trong khi chua tao lap dugc mgt "chi'nh phii thg gidi" (world government) thi cd thg duy tri sir 6n djnh va hda binh thg gidi thdng qua mgt nen
"quan tri toan cau" (global governance). Tuy nhien, cho den nay van chua tdn tai mgt dinh nghTa, thdng nhat do sy khae nhau trong each tiep can cac thuat ngu cau thanh. Nhigu nha nghign cuu cho rang "quan tri" la mgt tap hgp cac cau triic va quy trinh phuc tap, ca cdng va tu, trong khi phan Idn hgc gia cd xu hudng ddng nhat vdi "chi'nh phii" (Thomas G. Weiss, 2000, p.798). Con vg thuat ngu "toan cau", nhieu y kien cho rang nd bao ham hai pham tru khac nhau; mgt la quy mo hoat ddng ciia con ngudi d cap do cao nhat, va hai la tdng hgp tat ca cac quy md hoat ddng (Klaus Dingwerth & Philipp Pattberg, 2006, p.l 88).
Chinh sy khdng rd rang trong cac thuat ngu cau thanh khien cho vice dinh nghTa "quan trj loan cau" gay ra rat nhieu tranh cai. Co the ke den cac djnh nghTa ciia hai hgc gia tigu bleu la Thomas Weiss va James Rosenau. Thomas Weiss cho rang QTTC la viec ra quyet dinh va hanh ddng ciia mdt sd chii the tren toan cau vugt khoi sy kiem soat cua mdt chinh phii qudc gia va nhung quygn lyc ma cac ca quan nay dugc trao (Thomas G. Weiss, 2000, p.795). Trong khi do, James Rosenau lai dg cao cac quy dinh va chuan myc chung khi dinh nghTa QTTC la "cac quy tac dieu chinh nhirng quan he dgc lap trong bdi canh thieu vang quyen hanh chinh tri ben tren qudc gia, bao gdm cac hoat dgng ciia cac chinh phii va nhieu kenh khac ma qua dd cac "menh lenh"
dirge thyc thi dudi dang cac muc tieu, quy dinh va chi'nh sach" (James N. Rosenau, 1995, p.14).
Nhin vao cac djnh nghTa tren, ed thg phan nao thay dugc cac khia canh cua QTTC cung nhu tinh bo sung cho nhau giCi'a cac quan diem. Chinh vi vay, bai viet dira ra mdt khai niem QTTC nhu sau: QTTC Id mdi qud trinh Irong ehinh tri qudc ti, trang do cdc chu the qudc gia, xuyen qudc gia vd phi qudc gia tuang tdc vdi nhau thong qua cdc quy dmh, chudn muc hay the che chung di chia se mot phdn ndng lue de hgp ldc, dua ra quyet dinh vd gidi quyet cdc vdn de chung, chil yeu la cdc vdn de todn cdu, vuot khdi sic kiem sodt ciia mat qudc gia.
2. Tien trinh tham gia quan trj toan cau ciia An Do
Nam 1947, An Do gianh dugc doc lap vdi nhieu khfa canh sue manh noi trdi, gom ljch sulau ddi, dien tich lon nhat khu vyc Nam A va dan sd diing thu hai thg gidi. Nudc nay da ddng gop vao ngn QTTC bSng nhu'ng nd lyc tao ra mgt sd chu<4n myc, cu the nhir the hien gia trj dao due vol viec phat dgng cudc dSu tranh bat bao dgng dg gianh ddc lap, hay khdi xudng chien djch chdng lai phan biet ddi xtr vdi cgng dong An Do dNam Phi ngay tai phien hgp dau tien ciia Lign Hgp Qu6c (LHQ) (Manu Bhagavan, 2010, p.314). Vao nhung nam 1950, An Do ludn di dau trong nd lyc giai trir hat nhan, thyc hien Hiep udc Cam thii nghiem mot phan vao nam 1963 va tham gia cac cuoc dam phan giai tru vti khf ma cuoi cung da dan den Hiep udc Khdng phd bign hat nhan (NPT).
Ngoai ra, An Do cdn khdi xudng Phong trao Khong lign kk (NAM) - mgt ca chg toan c4u nhSm duy tri hoa binh trong Chien tranh Lanh.
Nghign CLTU An Do va Chau A. S6 2 - 2020, tr. 1-9 }
Nguygn Duy Phuang, Do Thj Thiiy. Vai tro cita An Do trong qudn tri todn cdu...
Vice Thii tudng Nehru qua ddi vao nam 1964 danh dau mpt bude ngoat trong sy tham gia ciia An Do vao QTTC. Cuoi nhung nam I960, An Dp tap trung vao cac thach thuc khu vyc va trong nudc dya tren nguygn tac bao ve chii quygn va khdng can thiep, bdi vi lgi fch ca nhan va da gan nhu bi cd lap trgn trudng qudc te. Mac dii da tii'ng rat ung hd giai tru- va khong phd bien hat nhan, nhung liic nay An Do lai cho rang cac cupc dam phan hat nhan la sy phan biet ddi xu giii'a nhiing nudc cd vii khi hat nhan va nhung nudc khdng c6, nen da di'mg ngoai NPT va thyc hien vu thir vu khf hat nhan dau tien nam 1974 (Dinshaw Mistry, 1998, pp.25-38). Tuy nhien. An Do van tham dy giai quyet cac van dg toan cau bang each tham gia cai td cac thg che cd san, dien hinh la Hiep dinh chung ve Thug quan va Mau djch (GATT). Khi nhan th§y GATT khdng phii hgp vdi cac nudc The gidi thu Ba, An Do da di dau trong viec hgp tac vdi cac nudc dang phat trign dg thanh lap Hgi nghj LHQ vg Thuang mai va Phat trien (UNCTAD) nam 1964 nhu mgt dien dan thay the, hay tham chf la tien phong trong viec thanh lap Td chiic Thuang mai The gidi (WTO) de thay thg GATT vao nam 1995 (Amrita Narlikar, 2003, pp. 178-200).
Bude vao thap nien 1990, An Do chiing kign mgt sy chuygn ddi dang kg trong cac van de kinh tg nhd mgt loat cai each, giiip nude nay dat tang trudng tii 7% den 9% trong hai thap ky tigp theo (Poorvi Chitalkar & David M. Malone, 2015, p.591). Chi'nh sy phat trien nhanh chdng nay da khien An Do thilc day cai each, keu ggi nang cao t;^ le bd phieu qua thap trong cac td chii'e tai chi'nh qudc te nhu Quy Tien le Qudc te (IMF) hay Ngan hang The gidi (WB). Hay, tir nam 2008, khi WTO vap phai sy bg tac qua rat nhigu vdng dam phan. An Do da thiic day thanh lap G20, nhu mdt nhdm dam phan hieu qua bd sung cho ca che truygn thdng G7 (Rohan Mukherjee & David M.
Malone, 201 la, p.32!). An Do cung da phdi hgp vdi cac nen kinh tg mdi ndl khac, cu thg la thanh lap va thiic day Nhdm cac ngn kinh tg mdi ndi BRICS nam 2006. Ve mat chfnh tri. An Do da ludn tim kiem ghe thudng tryc mdi tai Hdi ddng Bao an (HDBA), tuy nhien van chua thanh cong. Ve van de bign ddi khi hau, each tiep can ciia An Dp kha cung nhac va thudng bi gan tigng xau, chi
"ngoan cd" sau My va Trung Qudc, khi chi ddng y cac dieu khoan cua Nghi djnh thu Kyoto nam 1997, theo dd cac nudc dang phat trign khdng bat buoc phai thuc hien theo "trach nhiem chung nhung khac biet" (Rohan Mukherjee & David M. Malone, 201 lb, pp.311-329).
3. Vai tro ciia An Do trong quan trj toan can duoi thoi chinh q u y e n N a r e n d r a Modi 3J. Cff sd cho ste troi day cua An Do trong qudn iri todn cdu
Chfnh trj qudc te duang dai dang ehirng kien mpt sy chuyen dich quyen lyc tir Tay sang Ddng.
Vdi sy chuyen djch nay, khu vyc An Dp Du'ang - Thai Binh Duong' ngay cang thu hiit sy quan
^ Khdi niem An D6 Duong - Thai Binh Duong (Indo-Pacific) da xuat hien lan dau vao nlim 2007 boi chien luge gia ngucri An - Gurpreet S. Khurana - va san do da duoc nhieu nuec chii y sir dung, dien hinh la Nhat. Uc, An...
dg mieu ta ciu tnic dia chinh tri moi bao tnim ciia khu virc. Tuy nhien, Viet Mam c6 mpt each tiep can tu'ong d6i khic vcri thuat ngQ nay, do la: Khong gian phdt trien mcri An Do Duong -Chau A - Thiii Binh Duong, xudt phit tfr Chau A -Thdi Binh Du'ong, dkn mo rong ra An Do Duong, nham nhdn manli vai tr6 ciia cac nudc ASEAN trong kit n6i gi&a An Dp Duong va Thai Binh Duong, giua Dong A va Nam A. QS tao sir thgng nhSt, bai vigt sg sir dung npi ham each tiep can cua Viet Nam trong thuat ngir "An Dp Duong - Thai Binh Duong".
Ngbien ciru An Do va Chau A. S6 2 - 2020, ti. 1 -9 3
Nguyen Duy Pliuong. B6 Tlii Thiiy Vai trd ciia An Bo tmng quan tri loan cSii...
tam dac biet va sir can tliiep sau hon vao Ichti vuc cua cac niroc lon. Dac biet, cac niroc lon d6u coi An Do la nhan to quan trong trong chien luge can bang va doi trgng cua hg trong khu vyc (Dang Cam Tti, 2018, pp.244-245). Vi vay. An Do co the phat huy anh huang, gop phlin dinh hinh vai tro lanh dao khu vuc cung nhu dinh hinh cau true an ninh khu vuc nhd loi th8 "Khong lien ket"
ciia minh.
Ve nji luc quoc gia, An ^o so huu dien tich Ion thu 7 the gioi, c6 mgt vi tri dia chlnh trj vo ciing quan trgng tai khu vuc. Voi dan so 1,3 ty ngiroi va van dang trong qua trinh chuyen doi nhan khau hgc. An Do co nguon nhan lire doi dao de phat trien kinh te, tir do nang cao kha nUng quan sy va ngoai giao. Hien nay. An Do da tro thanh mgt trong 10 cuang quoe quan sy hang dau, dij kha nang giai quyet cac thach thiie an ninh quan sir, dam bao an ninh tren An Do Duong va san sang vyon den Thai Binh Dyong.
Mpt nhiin t6 cSn phai nhdc den trong sy troi day cua An Do chinh la vai tro lanh dao ciia Thii tuong Modi. Til' khi len nim quySn, chinh quyen Modi da bat tin hieu sSn sang dong vai tro lon hon trong n6n QTTC. Ngay trong nam 2014, Thii tudng Modi da nang c5p Chinh sach Huong Dong len thanh Hanh dgng Huong Dong, thg hien sy chti dong hon eiia An Do, tich cyc tham gia vao vii dai chinh tri toan can. Nam 2015, Thii tudng Modi da lan dau tien dua ra tSm nhin cho tuong lai cua khu vyc An Do Duong vdi Sang kiSn An ninh va Phat trien cho tjt ca cac nudc trong khu vyc An Do Duong (SAGAR), thS hien r5 uu tien dam bao chii quyen lanh thd va Igi ich qudc gia, san sang nang cap hgp tac an ninh hang hai vdi eac nudc d An Dd Duong. Nam 2018, vdi bai phat bigu tai Ddi thoai Shangri-La, Thil tirdng Modi chinh thirc dinh hinh tSm nhin cua An Dg ve khu vuc An Dg Duong - Thai Binh Dyong, khong nham tdi hay loai trii' biit ky mgt quoc gia nao, ciing khdng cd y dinh thanh lap lien minh Ah thdng tri ma muc tieu Idn nhat la thiet lap trat ty thygng ton luat le trong khu vyc, ddi phd vdi cae van da an ninh va tang cudng ket ndi khu vyc, bao dam sy binh diing giua cae nudc, khong phan biet Idn nhd manh yeu (Baladas Ghoshal, 2018). TSm nhin nay la sy phat triSn va tich hgp tir cac chil truong Lang gieng tren het. Sang kien SAGAR va Chinh sach H.inh ddng Hudng Ddng (Tdn Sinh Thanh, 2018). Nhu vay, dudi thdi Thii tirdng Modi, An Do da vach ra sy ddng gop ro rang cho quan tri khu vye va hinh thanh mgt khuon mau chae chan cho "luat choi" ve QTTC.
3.2. Thuc tiin tham gia vit vai tro ciia An Da Irong liltan Hi toim ciiu llirtM thiti Modi 3.2.1. Cdc lbs chi quan Iri todn cdu
DSn nay. An Do da tham gia khoang 75 id chire, diln dan da phuong cua the gidi va khu vyc.
Nudc nay cd mat trong hiiu het cac thi che quan trgng da dinh hinh trat ty the gidi kieu My tir trudc nhu LHQ, IMF, WB... Sy trdi day manh me gan day da giup cho An Do ngay cang ddng vai trd dang kl vao cdc co che nay, tieu biiu la sy dong gdp nhan lyc idn nhSt thi gidi vao Luo luong Gin giir Hda binh LHQ. Ngoai ra. An Do cdn thi hien sy iing ho ddi vdi cac ca chi nham thuc day hop tac ciia cac nudc Nam ban cju va dam bao rang cac vln dl ciia cac nudc dang phat triln (G77) vln dugc quan tam. Ddi vdi Phong trad Khong lien kit (NAM), An Do van duy tri sy
Nghien ciru An Dp va Chau A. So 2 - 2020, tr.1-9
Nguyen Duy Phuang, Do Thj Thuy. Vai trd ciia An Do trong qudn trj todn cdu...
lanh dao, ddng thoi tim kiem mpt giai phap lien ket kheo leo de cd the dam bao lgi ich va an ninh qudc gia.
Mac dii hudng Igi tu cac thg che da phuang san cd. An Do cho rang cac the che nay khdng cdn phu hgp vdi can can quyen lyc the ky XXI, nen can tai cau true, dac biet la LHQ va HDBA.
Nudc nay rat tfch cyc ciing vdi cac trung tam quygn lyc mdi ndi khac, dien hinh la Trung Qudc, tim kiem tieng ndi idn han trong trat ty the gidi mdi. Tren quy md toan cau. An Do tfch cue iing hd xay dyng cac thg che quan tri mdi vdi nhung ddng gdp nhigu ban tii- cac nudc mdi ndi, dien hinh la BRICS, SCO hay AllB... Tai khu vyc. An Do cung quan tam nhieu hem den cac nudc lang gigng trong Hiep hgi Hgp tac khu vyc Nam A, hay ciing Nhat Ban dua ra Sang kign Vanh dai Phat trign A - P h i .
3.2.2. Qudn tri an ninh truyen thdng loan cdu
Trong bdi canh qudc te mdi. An Do cd mot vai tro quan trgng trong viec dinh hinh cau true quyen lyc d khu vyc An Do Duang - Thai Binh Duang. Vdi vai trd con lac trong tap hgp lyc lugng giu'a My va Trung Qudc, An Do cd the quygt djnh can can quyen lyc tai khu vyc. Bgn canh do, vdi sy ndi len ciia cac nudc tam trung nhu Uc, Han... An Do se la nhan td thiic day tap hgp lyc lugng giua cac nudc nay lai vai nhau, cd the tao nen anh hudng hay sy can trd ddi vdi chfnh trj cudng quyen (Rory Medcalf & C. Raja Mohan, 2014, p.7). Chfnh vi vay, An Dp da thiet lap quan he doi tac chien luge vdi nhigu nu'dc, ddng thai trien khai tich cyc Chinh sach Hanh dpng Hudng Ddng.
Ve van de hat nhan, mac dii khdng ky NPT va cung khdng thudc nam nudc thanh vign thudng tryc HDBA LHQ (P5) nhung An Do da ndi Ign nhu mpt qudc gia cd vu khi hat nhan cd trach nhiem khi san sang ganh vac trach nhiem qudc te. Nudc nay da tfch cyc tham gia vao cac td chuc qudc tg vg quan ly hat nhan, cac luat va hiep dinh qudc tg. Nam 2016, Ngoai trudng My John Kerry da cong nhan rang An Do cd vai trd rat quan trgng trong viec quan iy cd trach nhiem vQ khi va nguyen lieu hat nhan. Nhu vay. An Dp ttr mdt ngudi ngoai cupc trong qua khii' da trd thanh mpt CO ddng chfnh trong quan trj hat nhan toan cau (Ji Yeon-jung, 2017, p.19).
3.2.3. Qudn tri kinh te todn edu
Vdi sue manh kinh tg trdi day, An Dd da ihg hien mong mudn cai td lai trat ty kinh tg toan can dg ddng vai tro lon ban. Nudc nay da lien ket vdi khdi BRTCS dg kgu ggi quyen bd phieu cao han tai cac td chnc tai chinh the gidi. Nhung nd lyc nay da dugc dgn dap khi nam 2016, ban ngach ciia An Do tai IMF chfnh thirc tang tii' 2,44% len 3%, va quyen bd phieu ciia An Dp cung tang til 2,34% len 2,64%. Tuy nhien, muc do thanh cdng ma An Dp dat dugc ciing la dieu dang xem xet. Ciing kgu ggi nang cao quygn bd phieu tai TMF, quyen bd phieu ciia An Dp ehi tang 0,3%, tham chf cdn thap han mirc tang cua Brazil (tu 1,71% Ign 2,25%, ttic 0,54%), trong khi do, Trung Qudc da tang 2,35%, gap han 7 lan sy thay ddi cua An Dp (Xem Bieu dd 3.1 va 3.2). Mdt td chii'c kinh te qudc te khac can phai nhac dgn la WTO. Thang 11 nam 20! 8, EU da chii ddng de xuat vdi An Do va Trung Qudc de cai td WTO, giai quyet tranh chap va be tac, vugt qua sy phan ddi cua My, the hien vai trd ngay cang quan trgng ciia An Dp (Le Viet Dung, 2018).
Nghien cuu An Dp va Chau A. s6 2 - 2020, tr. 1 -9 5
Nguyen Duy Phuang, Sd Thi Thiiy. Vai trd aia An Do trong qudn tri toan cdu . Tuy nhien, ca An Do va Trung Qudc dlu chua thoa man vdi nhfl-ng sy thay ddi tren. Vi vay, Trang Quoc da tien phong thilt lap them nhieu thi che kinh te mdi, ndi bat la AIIB. Trong dd. An Do la CO ddng Idn thii' hai, chi dung sau Trung Qudc. Ddng thdi, An Do ciing tham gia dinh hinh nen kinh te khu vye. 0 phia Ddng, mdt loat cac co che khu vyc da dugc thiic ddy, nhu Hanh lang kinh te Bangladesh - Trung Qudc - An Do - Myanmar (BCIM), Sang kiln viing Vinh Bengal ve hgp tac Kinh tl va Ky thuat da khu vyc (BIMSTEC), Hgp tac Me Kdng - Sdng Hang (MGC)..., giup ket noi ha tang, thiic day kinh te ca khu vyc.
Bieu do 3.1. Ty le bd phieu cua IMF trudc cai to nam 2016
ri»E[» .
Cac nircrc khac, ^ 46,72%
Brazil, 1,71% . . . . An D«, 2,34%
Nguon: Quy Tiln te Quoc tl (IMF), 2010
My, 16 73%
Nlial Ban. 6.23%
, Bic. 5.80%
,. Pliap,4,29%
Anh, 4,29%
^._ Trang Qui^c, 3,81%
Y,3,I5%
Canada. 2,55%
Nghien ciru An Do va Chau A. So 2 - 2020, tr. 1 -9
Nguygn Duy Phuong, Do Thi Thuy. Vai tro ciia An Bd trong qudn tri todn cdu...
B i i u do 3.2. Ty le bo phieu eua I M F nam 2019
Cac nuoc khac, 45.17%
My, 16,52%
Canada, 2,22% .. Nga, 2,59% : AnDo,2,64%
Nhat Ban, 6,51%
._ Trung Quoc, 6,09%
Dijc. 5,32%
Anil, 4,03%
- Phap, 4,03%
. Y, 3,02%
Nguon: Quy Tien te Quoc tg (IMF), 2019 3.2.4. Cdc vdn de todn cdu khdc
Tu khi len nam quyen. Modi da tao dung su ung hg trong nuac doi vol cac chmh sach bao t6n, giam thieu bign doi khi hau - digu ma khong mot nha lanh dao nao lu khi gianh dugc dgc lap den nay cothe lam (Miller & Sullivan de Estrada, 2017, p.15). Dieu nay cang du'gc khang djnh khi An Do nop Bao cao Dong gop dir kien do quoc gia ttr quyet dinh len Cong udc khung cua LHQ ve Bien d6i khi hau (UNFCCC) thang 10/2015, cam kgt dgn nam 2030 se ck giam 33-35% muc do thai khf nha kinh tinh tren GDP so vai nam 2005 (Venkat Vidya, 2015). Thoa hiep cua An Do da dong gop quan trgng trong viec dat dugc Thoa thuan Paris ve Bien doi khf hau, bien An Do tra thanh "nuac hoach dinh chuang trinh nghi su".
Vg van dg an ninh nang lugng, An Do dira ra cam ket chua tung co ve viec sir dung 40%
nguon dien ttr cac nguon nhign lieu khong hoa thach vao nam 2030 (Amrita Narlikar, 2017, pp.93-l 11). Ngoai ra, An Dp con la mgt nuac tien phong chu chot trong viec thuc day sir dung nang lugng mat trai. Tai Hgi nghi C0P21, Thu tudng Modi da cung vdi Tong thong Phap Hollande thanh lap Lien minh Nang lugng Mat trdi Quoc te (ISA) theo sang kien cua An Do, thu hut khoang 100 thanh vien tham gia, trong do co ca cac nudc Idn nhtr My va Trung Quoc.
Cuoi cung, an ninh mang la mgt khong gian md, khong co mgt thg chg quan tn toan dien chinh thuc nao dan dgn rat nhigu thach tht'rc dat ra. Trong boi canh nay. An Do da tham gia vao Nhom cac chuyen gia cua LHQ vg LTnh virc Thong tin va Vien thong trong Boi canh An ninh Quoc te (UNGGE), thuc day mgt hieu bigt chung ve hanh dgng trach nhiem cua cac quoc gia, ap Nghign Cliu An Dp va Chau A. So 2 - 2020, tr. 1-9
Nguygn Duy Phuong, D6 Thi Thiiy. Vai trd eita An Do trgng qudn tri todn cdu...
dung bien phap dg ngan chan cac de dga an ninh mang va tgi pham inang. Nhin chung, m6i quan tam cua An Do trong khong gian mang la ca su phat trign kinh te cua An Dg va dam bao an ninh quoc gia.
Ket luan
Nhin lai qua trinh tham gia cua An Do trong QTTC co the thay, ngu nhu* trudc day, Thu tu'dng Nehru da the hien sy dong gop mgt each rat ly tudng, xem LHQ la chia khoa cho hoa binh va phat trign toan cau, thi chi'nh quygn Modi lai co each tiep can thuc dung, vi mgt muc dich bao trum la lgi I'ch quoc gia, hudng dgn vi thg cudng qudc d khu vuc An Do Duong - Thai Binh Duang, tham chi la mgt nudc Idn tren toan cau trong tuang lai. Mgt mat. An Do luon yeu cau su hien dien cua minh trong cac the che toan cau phai phan anh dugc tu'ong quan sue manh hien tai;
dieu nay dugc thg hien ro trong viec yeu cau quyen bo phigu cao han tai cac the che. Mat khac, An Do van "bo trung vao cac gid" khac; the hien d vice san sang hgp tac voi cac nudc Idn, kg ca Trung Qu6c, dg djnh hinh cac thg chg mdi, nhSm thay doi trat ty thg gidi. Tuy nhign, An Do van
!u6n de cao sy dgc lap trong chinh sach va sy hoa hgp Dong - Tay, khong muon tryc tiep doi dau.
Trong da so cac tmdng hop, An Do deu lien ket vdi cac nudc khac, vi du nhu BRICS, qua do dat dugc lgi I'ch cua minh. Nhung, ngu cam thay lgi ich bj de dga. An Do cung co the dung ngoai hoac dua ra cac sang kien mdi.
Ngoai ra. An Do con the hien mgt sy linh hoat trong viec xac dinh vai tro cua minh, vua co thg la mgt quoc gia nguygn trang, dong vai tro la mgt "co dong" ung hg nen QTTC hien nay, vua CO thg la mgt qu6c gia xet lai, keu ggi digu chinh luat chai co san. Hien tai. An Do van nhan dugc lgi ich rSt Idn tij viec tham gia vao cae thg ehg kinh te toan cau, qua do co nguon von de giai quygt cac van dg ngi bg. Tuy nhien. An Do van yeu chu cai to cac the chg da phirang quoc tg, dien hinh la HDBA LHQ, theo hudng ghi nhan sy tham gia nhieu hon va su cong nhan Idn han doi vdi cac cudng qu6c mdi n5i, bao gom An Do. Han nua, de dat du-gc tinh chinh danh cho sy tr6i day ciia minh. An Do con phai dong gop cho ngn QTTC. Y thuc dugc digu nay. An Do da the hien vai tro kien tao, thigt lap chuang trinh nghi sy mgt s6 van de toan cau nhu moi trudng, hay khdi xudng Lign minh Nang lugng Mat trdi Qu6c t l (Harsh Pant, 2017, pp.7-17).
Nhu vay, trong b6i canh chuygn djch quygn lyc manh me, An Do da ty nhin nhan su chuyen bign trong sue manh, thay ddi ttr duy d6i ngoai de hudng dgn mgt vi the cudng quoc troi day trong nen QTTC. Viec tham gia vao QTTC cua An Do rat da dang, tren day du cac khia canh chinh.
Tuy nhign, d6i vdi moi khia canh, An Do lai c6 each chon Igc vdn dg rigng, ap dung mgt each tigp can rdt thyc dung, vi muc dich tdi cao la Igi ich qu6c gia. Hon nua, An Do luon thg hien sy linh hoat trong vice xac dinh vai tro cua minh, giua mgt nudc mu6n dieu chinh luat chai va mgt co dong chinh cua trat ty hien tai. Doi khi. An Do con the hien vai tro cua mgt nha kien tao, dong gop cac sang kien mdi nham khing dinh vai tro lanh dao cua minh^trong khu vuc, dieu giup An Do CO them sy ung hg tu cgng dfing qu6c te cho vj the cudng quoc troi day cua minh.
Nghien cuu An Do va Chau A. S6 2 - 2020, tr. 1 -9 8
N g u y g n D u y P h u o n g , D o Thj T h u y . Vai trd cua An Do trong qudn tri toan cdu...
Tai lieu tham khao
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(Ky II), Bdo The gidi vd Viet Nam, https://baoquocte.vn/tam-nhin-an-do-ve-an-do-thai-binh-duong-dau-an-cua- thu-tuong-modi-ky-ii-73660.html, ngay truy cap 12/6/2019.
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Vol 93,Issue l , p p . 9 3 - l l l .
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16. Dang Cam Tii (20\Z),Xii hudng phdt trien vd chinh sdch ciia An Do doi vdi chdu A - Thdi Binh Duong den nam 2030, Nxb. Chinh tri Quoc gia Su that.
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