Rui ro trong vong doi dir an xay dung tai Viet Nam

KHOA HOC-CONG NGHe So 10/2018

Rui ro trong vong doi dir an xay dung tai Viet Nam:

Nhan dien va djnh huong giai phap giam thieu cac tac dong tieu cyc

• TS. N G U Y I N LLTONG H A I - TrUdngDgihgc Giao thdng vdn tdi

• K S . H O A N G D A N G H U N G - Sd Giao thong van tdi tinh Quang Binh

TOM TAT: Quan ly rui ro (RR) la mgt trong nhung noi dung quan trong cOa ho?t dpng quIn ly dy an xay dyng. Bai bao thong qua phan tich kef q u i khao sat nham nh|n dign cac RR xuat hipn theo vong doi du an xay dyng tai Viet Nam Tren co so do, nghien cuu de xuat hai nhom giai phap thupe ve yeu to ky thuat va yeu to qu^n ly nham g i l m fhieu cac tac dgng tieu cue cua cac RR T u KHOA: Quan ly rui ro, quan ly du an, rui ro, vpng dpi du an

ABSTRACT: Risk management plays anessential aspect of the project management The paper was to analyze the professional's specific data collected in Vietnam to identify the risks that occur during the construction project life cycle. Based on the risk framework, the study proposes two groups of solutions that pertain to technical and managerial aspect, supporting tgmitigate the negative impacts of the risks

KEYV^ORDS: Risk management, management, risk, project life cycle.

project

I.DATVANBE

Nganh cPng nghiep xly dUng dupe biet den 11 nganh phu thupe phan IPn vao g i l tri eiia cle d u a n xay dUng [1 ]. Vl vay, chat lUpng eae d u I n xay dUng thudng dupe nhin nhan ddng nhat vpi ehat lupng cua nganh. O nhUng thap ky 80 v l 90, nganh cdng nghiep xay dUng ciia eae nude phat then eung t r l i qua mot thdi ky phat trien ndng, trong do viee thuc hien du an ehu yeu dUa vao yeu to gia thap eua elc n h l thau, dan den gia t i n g l p lue trung thau bang clch g i l m gia hay ndi clch khae giam gia thau la khuyen khich dupe uu tien, do dp xul't hien rl't nhieu van de lien quan den chat luong epng trinh [2]. Tuy nhien, bat dau tU nhdng n I m dau ciia the ky 21, nhieu qude gia da va dang tao ra rat nhieu no lUe trong viec eli clch he thong quIn ly thuc hien du an va da dat duoe nhdng thanh tUu het sUe noi bit, the hien qua chat luong ciia cae dU I n xly dUng, nganh cdng nghiep xly

dung, vi du nhU Hoa Ky, Nhat Bin, Ddc... Theo nghien cUu ciia Larasati va Watanabe [3], de eli each he thong lua chon nha thau thi can thiet p h l i tap trung vao eae yeu to sau: (1) Cai clch q u i trinh thPng qua elc giai doan thue hien; (2) Nhan dien nhUng van de eiia he thdng la bude dau tien cua q u i trinh ell each; (3) Tiep theo I I de xuat elc cdng cu de thUc hien nhdng no lUc cho eli clch hethdng.

Tai Viet Nam, quy mp dau tU von eho xay dUng eo b i n tang truPng nhanh trong vai thap ky qua [4]. Song song vPi q u i trinh dau t u n l y , nglnh Xly dung dang p h l i ddi mat vdi nhieu thich thUc lien quan den cac van de ciia chat lupng cae duan xay dUng nhu: Chat lUpng kem, vuot ehi phi, cham tien do, an t o l n thi eong v l khPng thPa m I n ele mue tieu cua ehu dau t u [4]. De d i n h g i l nguyen n h i n nhdng ton tai lien quan den ehat luong d u an xay dUng thi each tot nhat I I xem xet va danh gia cac RR eo the xuat hien trong vong dPi du an t d eae bude thiet ke ban dau den khi xly dung h o l n thanh. DUa tren nhUng phan tich Ptren, thPng qua sd lieu khio sat tUcIc ea nhan tham gia quan ly thUe hien dU I n tai Viet Nam, nghien edu nay se tap trung nhan dien nhdng RR ton tai d nhOrng giai doan dau (khpng xem xet giai doan van h l n h khai thae du In) trong vpng ddi dUan xay dUng va phan tich I n h hUdng tieu eUc eua nd den ehat lupng san pham eua nglnh cPng nghiep xly dUng.

2. PHUONG P H A P L U A N NGHIEN COU 2.1. Mo hinh vpng dPi dUan

Trong nhdng hieu biet ehung nhat ve quan ly, thuat ngU quIn ly lien quan den lap ke hoach, to ehUc thUc hien, chi dao thUe hien, giam sat q u i trinh thue hien, kiem solt qua trinh thUe hien mpt hoat dpng nao dd.

QuIn ly hoat dpng kinh doanh thuong mai ndi chung ve thue eha't la mpt hoat dpng dien ra lien tue va npi tai lien quan den nhan sU, tai chinh, tai sin va eae ngudn lUc khae eua mpt to chUe thuong mai.Tuy nhien, quan ly eae du an xay dUng eP nhUng sU khac biet, dUoe I p dung eho mpt du I n eu the, bao gdm nhieu giai doan khIc nhau dupe thuc hien bdi nhieu ben tham gia khae nhau (ehii dau tu, ele nha thau, dOn vj tU van...). Qua trinh quIn ly du I n xly dung duoc xem xet trong boi c i n h tong the CLia duan, the hien moi tuong quan tren bagoe dp: ChUe nang quan ly dUan, mue tieu dUan va vdng ddi duan (Hinh2.1).

113

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Hinh 2.1: Quin l}f duin xay dung Chtife nang q u I n ly dU an dUpc b i t dau b i n g cPng t i e lap ke hoaeh thue hien du an, to chUe v l chi dao thuc hien duan, kiem soat qua trinh thue hien d u l n . Cae mue tieu eua d u an p h l i dat dupe tiiy thupe vao tifng d u I n eu the, nhdng mue tieu eo b i n thPng thuPng la tien dp du I n , yeu eau ve tieu chuan ky t h u l t v l chat lupng du an h o l n t h i n h , ehi phi thuc hien du I n , yeu eau ve cdng nang eu the cua du I n , ngoli ra bao gdm cae yeu eau ve tinh"xanh"va ben vdng eiia duan.

Hinh 2.2: RR trong vdng ddi du an xay dung Vpng dPi eua dU I n hieu tren gdc do trinh t u eae giai doan thUc hien d u l n thdng thudng dien ra theo eae buPe: Hinh thanh y tudng, cae bude thiet ke, dau thau xay dung, thi cPng xay dUng, ehuyen giao dU an cho khai thIc va b l o tri ePng trinh. CP the nhan thay trong vPng ddi du an bao gdm chuoi cle giai doan cua vpng dpi dU an, nhdng RR tiem an xuat phIt t d yeu td ky thuat (ehat lupng eong t i c quy hoach, thiet ke ket eau, dieu kien thien nhien...) hoac yeu td q u I n ly (quy trinh, td chu'c, ky nlng,thPng tin quan l y d u I n . . . ) co the xuat hien bat ky d giai doan nao, nhdng RR nay se tae dpng true tiep vao nhUng giai doan tiep theo (Hinh 2.2).

2.2. Mau khdo sat nghien cUu

De cP d i n h g i l mpt elch tong quat thUe trang hoat dpng quIn ly du an xay dUng tai Viet Nam, xuat phIt t d viec quan sat va nhUng kinh nghiem tham gia vao hoat dpng xay dUng eua tae gia, elc g i l thuyet ve thuc trang hoat dpng quan ly dU I n xly dUng dugc dat ra. Be kiem dinh cac g i l thuyet do, nghien cdu tien hanh thUe hien khio sat vpi elc ddi tupng tham gia v i o hoat dpng xay dung d elc to ehde xly dUng tai Viet Nam. t d m tat ddi tupng khao sat P Hinh 2.3. Cle phieu khao sat hop le n h i n duoc 11 124, trong do ddi tupng khao sat thupe don vi nha thau xay dung chiem phan IPn la 53 (chiem

43% trong tong so), thuoc dOn vi chCi dau tU 11 27 (chiem 22% trong tong so), thuoc dOn vi tU van la 19 (chiem 15%

trong tong so); thuoc ban QLDA la 13 (chiem 10% trong tdng sd); sd cPn lai ehiem phan nho thuoc cae doi tuong hpe g i l va doi tupng khae. Hinh 2.3b the hien bi^u do phan bo nam kinh nghiem nghe nghiep cCia doi tuong dupe khio sat, chiem phan Idn (41%) la t d 01 - 5 n I m , tiep theo I I 5 -10 nam (35%) v l phan it edn lai la Idn hon l O n I m

^l

Hinh 2.3

Cac doi tupng k h i o s i t dugc hoi t r i IPi dUa tren kinh nghiem va/holc quan diem cua minh ve cac npi dung lien quan ehu yeu den eae hoat dpng quan ly thUc hien d u l n xay dung.

3. P H A N T I C H VA BINH LUAN K^TQUA NGHIEN CQU 3.1. Phan tich RR t r o n g hoat ddng qudn l y d U an xay di/ng tai Vi&t Nam

Ket q u i khio s i t dupe the hien d Bdng 3.1. Ket q u i phan tich "Chisquare" cho thay ket q u i khio sit eua tat ca eae van de lien quan deu rat eP y nghTa thong ke (p<0.000). Dua tren ket q u i khao sat nay, cle RR eu the cua tUng giai doan trong vPng ddi eua du an dupe phIn tich chi tiet P elc muc tiep theo.

Bing 3.1. K§i qui phin tieh thue trang vdng ddi thuc hiin duin

TT

1

2

3

4

S Cac tieu chi danh g i i

Thieu SU minh bach ue thong t i n d i r a n vagoi thau Chat luang cong tSc khSo sat, thiet ke kem Tmh trang thong dong giffa cac ben rat pho bien thieu sUcanh tranh va cong bSng trong Sau thau Long tin thap gida chO dau tuva nha thau trong thUc hi§n duan Ton k^m chi phi giam sit va v3n Se dao ddc nghe nghiep cua TVGS

Gia tri sat du'Ong

(O+l

102(0+1

108(0+)

100(0+)

96 (0+)

83 (0+) Gia trj quan sat am(O-)

22(0-)

15(0-}

22{0-}

22(0-)

37(0-) Gid tri quan

sit ky

0

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6

4

K^t q u i phdn tfch Chisquare

X-square

139 42

163.66

132 73

111,55

76 177 P-value

<2.2e-16

<2 2e-16

<2.2e-16

<2.2e-16

<2.2e-16

114

KHOA H O C - C 6 N G N G H 6

6

7

8

9

10

11 Chat luong nhS thau phy va cac nha thau cung cap chua duoc danh gia phCi hap Xay rasu thong dong giCfa cac ben trong qua trinh thi cong xay dyng He thdng kiem soat chat luang, tien do va an toSn cong trinh yeu k^m Chu dau tUcham tre tfong viec thanh toan hap dpng vdi nha

Thu'dng xuyen phat sinh chi phi khi quyet toan do khoi luong phat sinh, truot

Thudng xuat hien sU can thiep ben ngoai quyen va nghia vu hap

94 (0+)

115(0+)

86 (0+)

98 (0+)

109 (0+)

92 (0+) 29(0-)

9(0-)

35(0-)

19(0-)

11(0-)

27(0-)

'

0

3

7

4

5 108 84

148.34

84.79

118.27

166.76

99.016

<2,2e-16

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3.1.1. RR d bude lap bdo edo nghien eUu tien khd thi, nghien eUu khd thi vd cdc bude thiet ke (FS)

Thuc te d l y I I nhdng buPe thue hien dau tien trudc khi tien hanh dau thau xay l i p doi vdi ele d u I n duoc thuc hien theo hinh thUe truyen thdng (DBB) t i c h biet giUa thiet ke, dau thau v l xay dung. Do eha't luong cua bude lap b l o e l o k h i thi v l thiet ke I n h hudng den ehat lupng eua elc bUdc phia sau, tuy nhien tren thUc te dien rataielcdUanxaydUngdVlet Nam trong thdi gian qua eho thay ton tai nhieu van de nhu: Thieu eae thpng tin nghien edu ve sU t i e dong den moi truPng, sU phu hpp eCia quy mo d U i n , ele sd lieu k h i o sit phuc vu lap d u l n , dan den viee cac du I n dupe thUc hien khPng phu hop vPi nhu eau va/hoae yeu cau thue te [5,6]. Bieu nay dan den viec khong nhUng khong d i m bao ehat lupng d u l n thuc hien ma edn dan den elc thay doi hole p h l i dieu chinh ve quy mP du an lam cham tien dp va dpi ehi phi du an so vdi ke hoaeh ban dau hole ke hoach bd tri vdn eda ehCi dau tu. Ro rang, ehat luong eua giai doan lap b l o elo nghien edu kha thi phu thupe rat nhieu vao nIng lUe eua eae don vj tU van lap d u an. Hon nda, ket qua phIn tich thong ke eung eho thay "rdf nhieu hd sd thiet kikem chdt lugng, Id nguyen nhdn chu yeu dan den thay doi phgm vi hap ddng trong giai doan xdy dung" la rl't cP y nghia thdng ke (•p<t).000^. Theo so lieu tdng hpp t d Cue Quan ly x l y dung va Chl't lupng ePng trinh giao thong cua Bp GTVT ve eae cPng trinh xay dung ed chat lUpng bj vi pham hole kem ehat lUpng thi mot phan nguyen nhan ehu yeu den tU chat luong cua hd so thiet ke, d i e

So 10/2018

biet I I cle dU I n sd dung vdn nha nUdc.

Thuc te, nhieu ho so thiet ke dupe eho I I sd dung elc sd lieu k h i o sat kem e l ve chat luong va so lupng, sai tieu chuan dupe eung cap bdi ehu dau t u [5-7]. Viec tai sii dung sd lieu k h i o sat t d cae bUdc thiet ke so bp truPe dupe g i l i thich eho viec tiet kiem ehi phi, tuy nhien hau qua cua nd lai anh hudng den cae buPe thiet ke tiep theo, dieu nly I n h hudng true tiep den ch^t lUpng cua ho so mdi thau va giai doan thi cong xay dung.

Mat khIe, thuc te eho thay suthieu minh baeh trong thong tin ve du an, eu the: Su minh bach the hien trong k h i u dang tai thPng tin ve du an, sU thuan ipi trong vi^e tiep can ho so d U l n , ho sO mPI thau. Do do, cle sai pham trong khau k h i o sit, thiet ke v l lap d u l n , ho so mdi thau nhieu khidupe phIt hien muon p elc giai doan sau hole it n h i n dupe sU dPng gPp eua cae ben cho du an.

3.1.2. RR d bude Ida ehon nhd thau xdy dung He thdng v I n ban QPPL ve dau thau cua Viet Nam da dupe ban h l n h kha day dCi v l hien tai dang ap dung Luat Dau thau nam 2013. Muc tieu eua Luat Dau thau la tao ra mot mdi trudng dau thau d i m bao tinh eanh tranh, cdng bang, minh bach va hieu q u i kinh te [8]. Tuy nhien, trong thUe te d giai doan lua ehpn n h l thau da v l dang ton tai nhieu han ehe. Ket q u i k h i o sit cua nghien edu (Bdng 3.1) d l ehi ra mpt trong nhdng van de ton tai eua hoat dpng lua ehpn n h l thau I n h hudng tieu cue den elc muc tieu de ra cua Lult Dau thau, cu the \a:"Tinh trgng thdng ddng gida cdc ben rat pho bien, thieu sUegnh tranh vd cong bdng trong ddu thau" (p < 0.000). Thong thau x l y ra pho bien P elc dU I n gida ehu dau tU vdi n h l thau, giUa eae nha thau vdi nhau. He qua eua tinh trang thPng thau nay dP 11 "bop meo" ban ehat eua hinh thdc dau thau rpng rai, cPng khai thanh dau thau han che, hay thue chl't I I "ehi dinh thau thPng qua dau thau" mpt elch hpp le [9].

Thuc te da eho thay, ele ben thudng thPng dong vdi nhau de mPt nha thau "tiem nIng" bo gia du thau thap nhat, la tieu ehi thudng quyet dinh den kha nang triing thau mdt elch hpp le. Sau khi trung thau v l thUc hien dU I n , elc n h l thau trung thau se diing elc "thu t h u l t " de"bu dap" phan g i l du thau g i l m g l a d giai doan trUdc. Do vly, ve thuc chl't muc tieu "hieu q u i kinh te"

tU viec giam g i l thau ma Luat Dau thau dat ra 11 khPng datdupe, mat khae muctieu chl't lupng cong trinh eung khong dat dupe.

3.1.3. RR d giai dogn xdy dung

Giai doan x l y dung duoc tien hanh sau khi ket thuc thanh cdng bUdc lUa ehon nha thau va thUOng thao hpp dong. 0 giai doan nay, nha thau trung thau tien h l n h td ehdc x l y dung de thuc hien nhUng cam ket ctia minh khi du thau trd thanh hien thUc. Ve nguyen tae thUc hien hpp dong, ele ben deu phai eo nghTa vu thUe hien nhUng dieu khoan ky ket trong hop ddng x l y dung. Tuy vay, trong thue te qua trinh thue hien hop dong, nhieu vi pham hpp ddng d l va dang xay ra, dan den cle van de chat lupng ePng trinh b\ vi pham, cham tien dp nghiem trpng v l chi phi vUot hon nhieu so vPi tong mUc dau t u dupe duyet.

Lay mpt so v i d u ve eae d u a n dien hinh tieu bieu da dugc thuc hien trong thPi gian gan d l y , dudng cao tdc TP. Hd Chi Minh - Trung Luong dugc dau t u vdi so tien k h o i n g 10.000 ty dong va khdi eong vao cuoi

11i

KHOA H O C - C d N G NGHE

n I m 2004 vdi tong chieu dai 62km va toe dp tdi da 100km, n I m 2010 dUa v i o sd dung. Tuy nhien sau 4 t h i n g van h l n h , cd rat nhieu "6 ga" va vet han banh xe xuat hien (Hinh 3.1). Theo ket luan cuoi ciing eua Bd GTVT, ket eau mat duPng bi hpng do khPng dap dng day du cle yeu eau ky thuat (elc thanh phan phan IPp khPng dat yeu eau chat lupng eua cac hat nhP eua da nghien, mat do khong b l o d i m , d i e biet la ehi so d§o vupt q u i k h i nang chm dung), t r i c h nhiem n l y thupe ve cle n h l thau v l t u van g l i m sit.

Hay tai du I n dupng cao toe Cau Gie - Ninh Blnh vdi tong ehieu dai 56km, toe do tdi da II120 km/h, tdng mdc dau t u ban dau dupe duyet 11 8974 ty VND, dUpe khdi cdng nam 2006. Tuy nhien, sau khi hoan thanh vao n I m 2012, tong mUe dau tUvUcrt 5241 ty VND, mat duPng bi hu hPng chi sau 5 t h i n g dUa vao sd dung (Hinh 3.2).

(Nguon: Vnexpress News) Hinh 3.1: Cao toe TR Hd Chi Minh • Trung luong xuong cap

Trong mpt trUPng hpp khIc, dU an dUdng eao toe Not Bai - Lao Cai da dugc dau tU t d nguon ngan sach 26229 ty ddng va du kien tU ngly 01 t h i n g 7 n I m 2009 den ngay 12 t h i n g 12 nam 2013 eong trinh se dugc hoan thanh. Tuy nhien, tren thUc te tat c l elc gPI thau cua du I n n l y bi cham tien do (Bdng 3.2) do nIng lUc yeu kem eua cic n h l thau thUc hien. Sd lieu b l o cao chl ra rang, hau het ele goi thau cua d u a n bi cham tien dp tU 20% trP len so vPi ke hoaeh ban dau. Du an nay chu yeu do cle nha thau xly dUng Han Quoc (Poseo, Keangnam v l Doosan Corp.) thUc hien, bao gom 6 gPi thau trong tong so 8 goi thau. Hai gpi eon lai khae dUpe xay dUng bdi Cong ty DUPng va Cau QuIng Tay (Trung Qude) v l mot nha thau Viet Nam. Theo b l o c l o eua Tdng cPng ty Dau t u phIt trien duPng eao tdc Viet Nam (VEC), nhdng gpi thau eham tien dp h o l n t o l n do sU yeu kem nang luc eua eae nha thau. CIc n h l thau chinh ky hpp dong vPi eae n h l thau phu khong du nang lue ma khpng eo elc yeu eau t l i chinh v l khong du nang luc de thUe hien elc gdi thau.

Bing 3.2. Tmh hinh thue hien tien do tai du an eao toe Ndi Bii • Lio Cai ID

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Goi thSu

Al A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 AS

Ti^n do ho thirc (Gii tri M TriiuVND 1,540,744 1,226,33 1,099,993 608,909 480,341 1,001,469 924,771 797,757

n thanh te p dong)

%

5.99 67.80 59.09 46.92 30 65 52.30 72.82 61 78

Tien do Ice hoach (Gia t n hop dong) (15/07/2013) Trieu dong

VND 1.927.758 1,467,347 1,587,310 918,513 1,134,500 1,348,757 1,440,954 1,149,793

%

95-07 81.13 83 83 70.78 72.39 70.43 113 46 89.04

VlTfft/

Chdm (+/-)

-19.08 -13,33 -24.74 -23 86 -41 74 -18.13 -40.64 -27.26 Nguon: Cijc Quan ly xay d{mg va Chat /upng

cong trinh giao thdng, Bd CTVT

Nguon: Vnexpress News Hinh 3.2: Cao tde Ciu Gii - Ninh Binh xu6ng cip Tren day I I sd lieu vi du ve chat luong, tien dp, chl phi cua mpt so dU I n thUe hien gan day trong rat nhieu dUanxaydUngxIyra tinh trang tuong t u mac dii khong cd sd lieu thdng ke. Tuy nhien, ket q u i khio sat cua de t i l nghien cdu da khIng dmh thUc trang eae dU I n thUc hien nhU tren I I cd eo sd. Cu the, ket qua phan tich chi ra rang "long tin thap giufa elc ben tham gia (ehij dau tu, nha thau, t u van giam sat) trong qua trinh thUe hien d u an" la mpt thUe trang dien ra rat eP y nghia thong ke (p<0.000l) va n h l thau bi chi trieh la dang "dat lpl ich cua b i n than don vi minh cao hon thay vi la chat luong cdng trinh" vdi mUe rl't cd y nghTa thong ke (p<0.0001).

Qua quan sit mpt so d u l n dang thuc hien, eae n h l thau bi chi trieh bdi he thdng quan ly chat lUpng yeu kem trong qua trinh thi ePng eP xu hUdng I p dung, sd dung nhufng nguyen v l t lieu khdng d i m bao chat lUpng hole khdng ro ring ve nguon goc xuat xp, tim each nang khoi lupng phIt sinh de tim kiem them Ipi ieh ngoai pham vi hop dong de "bu dap" lai nhUng "thiet hai" trong chien luoc bo gia thau thap khi dau thau. Mat khac, cle nha thau ehinh thUPng sd dyng eae nha thau phu nhieu khi khdng dam b l o nang luc de thue hien cac phan viec eua hpp dong.

Hon nda, lien quan d^'n van de giam sat qua trinh thue hien eung x l y ra nhieu van de. Hoat dpng t u van g i l m sit ve nguyen tae n h l m giup nang cao chat lUpng thuc hien d U i n , mat khIc no ciing bieu hien "ehi phf"cho thue trang "IPng tin thap giUa elc ben" nhu da d e e a p d tren.ThUc te, eae dOn vi t u v l n g i l m s i t hole khdng dupe trao toan quyen xCf ly n h l thau doi vdi nhCrng vi pham ve chat lupng, tien do hole eung bi chi trieh 11 cd cac hlnh vi thdng dong vdi n h l thau trong qua trinh thUc hi^n dU an de ehia Ipi ieh tU viec vi pham chl't lUpng, khoi luong phIt sinh.

Mat khIc, ve phia traeh nhiem chu dau t u ciing bj chi trieh trong viec cham thanh t o l n va quyet toan hpp dong cho nha thau, thUe trang nay xay ra rat pho bien va rat eP y nghia thdng ke (p<0.0001). Dieu dP p h I n Inh mpt thue te la chinh b i n than elc ehu dau t u dang vl pham hpp dong xay dung, I n h hUdng tieu cue den tinh hinh t l i chfnh cua ele nha thau.

3.2. Djnh hudng g\k\ phap n h ^ m giSm thieu cac tac dong tieu ciTc tii cac RR

ThPng qua viec p h I n tich va nhan dien ele RR xuat hien theo vong dPi cua dU I n d tren, cP the nhan thay

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KHOA H O C - C O N G N G H | - cle RR nay xuat phat tU cac ben lien quan chu yeu trong vPng dpi d u I n , bao gom: He thdng phap luan ve xay dung, chu dau tu, elc don vi tU van va elc don vi nha thau. Chinh elc ehu the lien quan n l y theo mpt each true tiep hay g i l n tiep da tao nen ele RR khae nhau P elc giai doan khae nhau theo vPng dPi eua du I n (Hinh 3.3). Do do, djnh hudng eae g i l i phap nham g i l m thieu cae t i e dpng tieu cue t d cac RR ey the da dugc nhan dien nen xuat phat t d chfnh cle ehii the lien quan, dd la elc g i l i phap thupe ve yeu td ky t h u l t , ey the la sU dong bo ve the che va l u l t p h i p xly dUng; elc g i l i p h i p thupe ve yeu to quan ly, ey the la xlc djnh ro trieh nhiem v l quy doi traeh nhiem tuong Ung vdi cle RR xuat hien cho tUng chu the tham g a

[^- -{rEJ - ^ {^ -reyi

So 10/2018

Hinh 3.3: RR vi trach nhiem cda cic ben trong vdng ddi duin 4. K^T L U A N

Nghien cdu thdng qua phuong p h i p luan ve quan ly du an theo vPng ddi da nhan dien nhUng RR eu the xuat hien d moi giai doan khIc nhau trong vpng dpi du I n . Mat khae eung ehi rd sU t i c dong tieu eue eP he thong eua eae RR den ket q u i thUe hien d u l n d moi giai doan khae nhau. Dong thdi, trich nhiem eua ele chu the tham gia du I n ciJng da duoc nhan dien theo elc nhom RR ey the, t d d p de xuat dinh hudng giai p h i p bao gom nhdm giai phap thupe ve yeu to ky thuat v l gili p h i p thuoc ve yeu td quan ly n h l m giam thieu cac t i c dong tieu cue eiia elc RR[J

Tai lieu tham khdo

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[2]. Kashiwagi, D. and Byfield, R. (2002^, State of Utah performance information procurement system tests.

Journal of construction engineering and management, 128(4): 338-347.

[3]. Larasati, D. and Watanabe, T. (2010), Direction for Reform of Public Procurement System, Lesson from Practices, Journal of Society for Social Management Systems (online).

[4]. Nguyen, L.H. and Watanabe,T (2014), The status quo and perspective for improvement of public works procurement performance in Vietnam, J. Adv. Perform.

lnformat.Value.6(l): 22-39.

[5]. Do, TA.T (2012), Chong that thodt, Idng phi trong dau tu xdy dung cdc cdng trinh giao thong tgi Viet Nam, National library ofVietnam.

[6]. Hoang, VL. (2012), Hoof dgng kiem todn doi vdi viee chdng that thodt, Idng phi vd tieu cue trong ddu tuxdy dung ca bdn, National library ofVietnam.

[7]. Pham, L.H. and Hadikusumo, H. (2014), Schedule delays in engineering, procurement and construction

petrochemical projects in Vietnam: A qualitative research study, International Journal of Energy Sector Management. 8(1): 3-26.

[8]. LudtDdu thau so 43/2013/QH13,V\et Nam.

[9]. Nguyen, L.H. (2018), Nghien cdu trgng thai van ddng vd djnh hudng cdi thien hogtddng Ida chgn nhd thau xdy dung tgi Viet Nam, Tap ehf Khoa hpe GTVT, 64.

Ng^y nhan b i i : 3/9/2018 Ngdy chSp nhan dang: 21/9/2018 Ngudi phdn bien: GS. TSKH. Nghiem Van Dinh

TS. Nguyin Qujrnh Sang

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