Ca hoi va thach thirc tac dong doi vol Viet Nam khi Hiep dinh TPP chinh thirc dmc ky ket
HOANG VAN CU'gfNQ PHAM PHU MINH
Vien Nghien cuu quan ly kinh te T m n g mmg, Bg Ke hoach va Dau t u
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au 5 ndm tich cue ddm phan, sdng ngay . 05/10/2015 da tid thanh tiidi khdc lich sii ddi vdi 12qudcgia tiiudc vdnh dai Thai Binh Duong (gdm 6t-xtidy-iia, Bru-ndy, Ca-na- da, Chi-Id, Nhdt Ban, Ma-lai-xi-a, Me-hi-cd, Niu Dl-Ian, Pe-ru, Xinh- ga-po, Hoa K^ vd Vet Nam) vdi tiryen bd chinh thuc hoan tit dam phdn Hiep dnh Ddi tdc xuyen Thai Binh Duong (TPP).Vdi nhung tieu chudn cao va cd luu y hM tiirdi do phat tiien khdc nhau gitta cdc nude tham gia, TPP se la mgt hiep dinh todn den, can bdng gdp phMtdng cudng sy minh bach, bao ve mdi tiuong, cdi thien dieu ki?n lao dgng, nang cao ddi sdng va xda ddi gidm ngheo; TPP se hinh tiidnh mgt khu vuc mau dich tij do chiSm tdi 40% kuih ,tl todn cdu, vd dugc du bao se bd sung cho GDP till gidi tiiam gin 300 ty USD moi ndm; TPP cung sS gii^ GDP cua Viet Nam tdng them 33,5 ty USD vdo nam 2025.
Vai tro cua TPP trong boi canh hien nay
Vdi tiJ duy md cira chua,timg co, TPP vira dugc 12,nudc tiidng nhdt s | md ra CO hdi tiep can thi trudng, hd tiy phat tien sdn xudt tixir^ todn khu vuc vd xac Igp tieu chuan mdi cho thuoi^ mgi toan cda Bd trudr^
Thuong mgi eiia 12 nude tham gia dkn i M i TPP da tiidng nhit ^ t m^t hiep dnh vdi tieu chuan cao, tiiam vgng, todn d&i vd can bdng qua dd giup thiic diy tdng tioidng kinh ^ , h5 trg viec Idm, tiiiic d^y sdng tgo, hieu qua va^ tinh cgnh tranh ciia cac nIn kinh te. Cdc nude Cling k^ vgng thda tiiudn nay se
^itp ndi^ cao miic s d n | ciia r ^ u t t dan, gidm i ^ 6 o , khuyen khidi sy nrnih bgdi, hieu qua d6u hanh ciir^
nhu cdi thien viec bdo ve ngudi lao ddng mdi trudng. TPP cung dugc xem la, budc quan trgng tiong viec tien gdn tdi muc tieu thiic ddy tiiuong mai tii do tiong khu vuc chdu A - Th^ Bmh Duong. ,
Nhimg vdn de chinh the hien rd vai trd ciing nhu ky vgng TPP Id hiep dinh cua the ky 21 the hien dd la: , - ,
Nhung diem mdu chdt 5 thanh td sau day giiip TPP duoc coi la mot thda thugn cua the ky 21, tgo ra mdt tieu chudn mdi cho thuong mai toan cau de gidi quyet nhiing vdn d l eiia thdi dai mdi:
Tiep can thi trudng todn dien:
TPP dua ra chinh sdch mien - giam cdc hdng rao thue quan vd phi thue quan vdi hau het cac logi hdng hda, dich vu vd diu tu, tao ra CO hgi vd nhirng loi ich mdi cho kinh doanh, ngudi lao ddng ciing nhu ngudi ti,eu dung.
Dua ra cam kit mang tinh khu vuc: TPP t£K) d e u kidn cho su phdt tiien sdn xudt, chupi cung iing, ndng cao hieu qud vd hd trg muc tidu eua viec tgo ra va ho trg viec lam, ndng cao ddi sdng. Hiep dirji ciing tang cudng ndng lyc gjam sat, tao d e u kien hgi rA^ qua bien ^ d i ciing nhu md eOca tiii tiudng ti^ong nude.
Gidi quyit nhiing thach thuc mai: TPP khuyen khich ^ i mci, hieu qua, va carh tranh ,bdng each gidi quyet nhihig van,de mdi, bao gdm phat trien kinh t l d e n tii, vai tro ciia doanh ,nghiep^ liha nude trong nen kmh tk ft)dn cau.
Thuongmgi todn dien: T?? hao gdm cac yeu to mdi nhdm dam bao cdc nen ,kinh te d tit cd cdc cdp do phdt trien va cac doanh n ^ e p thiide mgi'quy md cd th6 dugc hudng Igitij thuong mai. Nd bao
gdm cac cam ket de giiip doanh nghiep nhd vd vira hieu Hiep djnh, tan dung eo hdi ciia nd, va mang lai nhung tiiach tiiiic rieng cua hg vdi su quan tam cua cdc chinh phii. TPP edn bao,gdm cac cam ket cy the ve phat trien vd ,xdy dung nang, lye thuong mgi, de; ddm bao rang tdt ca cdc ben cd kha ndng dap iing cdc cam ket tiong Hiep dinh vd tan dyng diy dii cde Igi ich eua nd.
Nen tdng cho hoi nhdp khu VIK:
TPP dugc k)' vgng tao ra mdt nen tdng cho hpi nhdp kinh te khu vuc vd cd tiie cho phep cac nen kinh te khac trong khu vuc chdu A-Thai Binh Duong tham gja.
Phgmvi
, TPP bao gom 30 chuong ^ cap den thuong mai vd cdc vdn de lien quan: Tu tiiuong mgi hang hoa, hdi quan, thuan Igi tiiuong mgi, cac bien phqi ve sinh dich te, hdng rdo k^ tiiugt; dau tu, ,dich vu, thuong mgi d e n tii, mua sam Chinh phii, sd hiiu tri tue, lap dgng, mdi trudng...
Nhung van de nay gjiip TPP dap ling yeu cdu phdt tiien, khd ndng canh ti*anh, giai qi^i'et tranh chip vd cdc quy dinh ve the che.
Oing vdi viec cap i M t nhiing tiln bd ciia cac FTA tiie he tiudc, TPP ket hgp cdc vdn d& thuong mai mdi dang, ndi len vd cac van de xu^en sudL Chiing bao gdm cdc van de lieri quan den Intemet vd cde nen kinh te 1^ thuat sd, sy tham gia cua cac doanh nghiep,nhd nude trong thuong mai qude te va diu tu, kha ndng ciia cde ,doanh nghiep nhd tan dung Igi till cua EBep d n h thuong mai vd cac chu ^ Idiac.
TPP t£^ hgp 12 nude cd d e u kien dja ly, r^dn ngii yd lich su, q i ^ rao vd miic do pliat,tiien khac nhau.
Cdc nude trong khdi ^ u nhan thuc rdng d e u nay Id m§t tdi sdn dgc dao
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nhung ciir^ yeu cdu su hgp tdc chat chS, xdy dung ndng luc cho cdc nude d trinh,^ phdt trien tiiip hon.
Trong mgt sd trudng hop, giai doan ehi^en ddi yd co d ^ d^ biet cho phep mdt sd thdnh vien TPP mot khodng thdi gian bd sui^ can thiet dl ndi^ cao nSng lyc thyc thi cac i^hravy mdi.
TPP tgo ra cdc quy tac thu&ng mgi khu vuc
TPP dugc qi^f dinh trong 30 chuong'. Cde Ig trinh cam kit vd phu lyc dugc quy dinh kem tiieo eac ehuong nay lien quan tdi thuong mgi h ^ g hda vd dich vu, Sai tu, mua sdm chinh phu vd rihap cdnh tgm thdi cua khdch kinh doanh.
Ngodi ra, chuong, ve Doanh n ^ e p Nha nude bao gdm cdc ngogi trir ciia tiing nude dugc quy djrfi trong phy lyc kem tiieo.
Nhirng ich loi va thiet hgi, phat sinh khi tham gia Hi^p dinh TPP cua mflt so nude thanh vien TPP du{?c xem Id thda thudn thuong mgi Idn nhdt trong lich su nhdn logi, giiip gidm thue xudt nhdp khdu, ciing nhu cdc loai bdo ho thuong mgi tgi 12 quoc gia thdnh vien. Cdc nude nay hien ehiem den khoang 40% ty trgng kinh te todn edu.
Cdc thanh vien TPP gom 6t- xtrqy-lia, Bru-ndy, Ca-na-da, Chi- le, Nhgt Bdn, Ma-lai-xi-a, Me-hi- cd, Niu Di-ldn, Pe-ru, )Cinh-ga-po, Hoa Ky vd Viet Nam.
, TPP se logi bd 18.000 thui quan doi vdi hdng hoa A^, dong thoi md ra CO hpi cho mgi doi tugng tif cdc nhd sdn xudt tdm cm Viet Nam cho tdi chii nong trgi bo sHa cm Niu Di- ldn CO hgi tiep cgn^d re hon vdi cdc thi trudng d kh^ khu v^fc Thdi Binh Duong
Cdc roidc tham gia ddmjjhdn TPP ciing dg tMo lugn ve nhieu vdn de, bcu) gom cdc tmh v ^ kinh doanh nong nghiep vd cong nghiep.
Cling nhu hogt dgng cgnh trmh vdi khdi doanh nghiep nhd nud/c. Tuy nhien, chi tiet cm cdc vong ddm phdn vdn khdng du^c cdng Idicd ra cong ^ chung md cdc nhd thuong thuyet sesogn ra mgt bg tdi lieu cho Chinh phu m^chg.
Vdi Nhdt Bdn
Cde nhd sdn xuat dtd va phu tiing dtd cua Nhat Bdn ed tiie ^ ddi tugng hudng Igi Idn nhit tii TPP, bdi hp se dugc tiep can thi trudng My, thi trudng xudt khau d td I,dn nMt the gidi, vdi muc gid sdn phdm mem hon.
Nhdt Bdn budc phdi ^ d m mgt sd hang rdo bao hg ddi vdi ndi^ dan trdng Ilia gao eua nude nay. Theo dd, ,Nhat Ban se phai dua ra miic thue quan bang 0 ddi vdi lugng ggo nhdp khau tijong duong 1% tdng tieu thu gao tiong nude.
Chii cdc trang trai nudi gia siic cua Nhdt Ban cd the chiu tdc, ddng manh hon, bdi, thue quan ddi vdi thit bd nhgp khdu vdo Nhdt se giam xudng 9% tiong ydng 16 nam, tii miic 38,5%. ,Thul nhdp khiu tiiit Ign ciing bj cdt giam mrnih.
D6ivdidt-xtray-Iia(Uc) 7?P se lam giam 9 ,ty Ddia Uc thue quan moi nam ddi vdi hdng hda xudt khdu eua nude nay.
Uc se gianh quyen tiep can vdi till tioidng duong, ciia My., Nhgt ciing sg gidm tiiue nhgp Ididu ddi vdi dudng vd thit bd cua Austiialia.
Hdi san va ndng san vudn cua Uc se dugc dp mire thue nhap khau thip hon, ti-ong khi han nggch uu ddi eung dugc dp dung ddi vdi cac sdn pham hat, ngii cdc vd gao eua nude ndy.
Uc vd Niu Di-ldn dd gay siic ep thanh cdng budc My phai nhupr^
bd ve thdi gian bdo hd sinh dugc, elii cho phep eac cdng ty gift dpc quyen sinh dugc trong vong 5 ndm thay \ i 12 nam nhu mong mudn eua My. Thdi han bdo hd nit ngan dan tdi viec gia thudc gidm xudng va miic dd,canh tranh cao hon.
Thue quan gidm xudng ddi vdi moi mdt hang tij ^ tiiep, dupe phdm, may mdc, gidy cho tdi phu tiing d td deu cd Igi cho cac nhd sdn xudtAushalia.
Boi vdi Niii-Di-ldn , Thue quan sS dugc giam,xudng ddi vdi 93% hdng xudt khiu cua Niu-Di-Ian sang cdc nude i^i tdc TPP, giup tilt idem cho nude nay khodng 259 tiieu i^la Niu-Di-Idn, tuong duong 168 tiieu USD. . ^
Ngdnh sug, Imh vuc ehiem khoang 1/4 tdr^ kun nggch xuit
khdu cua Niu-Di-Ian, se tiet kiem dugc khoang 102 tiieia ddIa Niu-Di;
Idn tiln thue quan mdi ndm. Mdt sd hang rdo tiiul quan ddi vdi san phim sua eiia Niu-Di-ldn vdn duy tii nhiing thj tiudng chu chdt nhu M>*, Nhat, Canada va Me-hi-cd.
Ngoai ra, Canada chi c h ^ nhan n l ^ khdu lugng sua tiJong duong 3,3% lugng tieu tiiu tiong nude trong vong 5 nam tdi.
Tliue quan ddi vdi thit bd Niu- Di-Ian se dugc bai bd, tru tindng hgp Nhat gidm thue ddnh vao tiiit bd nhgp khdu,xudng 9% tii 38,5%.
Thue quan ddi vdi cac mat hang xuat khdu khdc ciia Niu-Di-ldn gdm hoa qud, hai saa rugu vang va thit euu ciing dugc bai bd.
Ma-lai-xi-a^
,Cac nha xuat khau dien tur, hda chdt, diu eg va cao su cira Ma-lai- xi-a se hudng Igi tir TPP. Ma-lai- xi-a la qude gia san xuat dau eg Idn thii 2 todn cdu vd Id mdt trong nhung nude trdng cay cao su Idn nhdt the gidi.
Cac doanh nghiep, qude doanh cua Ivfe-lai-xi-a cd tiie chiu sue ep tir TPP do thda thuan nay keu ggi qiQ'cn tiep edn bmh ddng ddi vdi hogt ddng mua ^ m cua Oiinh phii.
Cac nhd xuat,khau hdng diSn tii, hda phim, diu eg vd cao su eiia Ma-lai-xi-a dugc hudng Igi tii TPP. Ma-Iai-xi-a la nude san xuat diu eg Idn thii nhi the gidi va mdt trong rtiiihig nude san xuat cao su Idn nhat the gidi.
Nhihig CO' hgi, thach thiic tac ddng va giai phap can thuc hi^n tdi day doi vdi Viet Nam khi TPP chinh thuc dugc k^ ket
Sau khi kit tiiiic dam phan TPP, Vet Nam va eac nude se tien hanh eac tiiii tiic rd soat phdp ly dk chuan bi cho viec lo? kit chiiii tiiiic vd bdt ddu tiinh cdc ,co quan co thim quyIn phe chuan Hiep dinh. Qia tiinh nay thdng thudng keo dai toi tiiilu Id 18 thdng. Ddy cumg la khoang,thdi ^ a n de cdc nude tham gia chudn bi d e u kien can tiiiet dB cd thi tiiuc lii?n dugc tot Hiep dinh.
Thoi gjan phfi chudn Hiep dinh ciing Id thdi gian d l Vilt Nam diudn bi cdc cdng vi^c cin tiiilt, trong do t ^ tiling vdo viec deu
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chinh he thdng phap luat, cdi each tim tuc hdnh chirrfi, tdng cudng ndng luc cgnh tranh d l cd till tan dur^ dipc CO hdi vd vugt qua thach tiiiic khi Hiep dinh TPP ed hidu lyc.
Nhimg lei kh vd tdc dpng cua TPPMvdiVi4tNam^
TPP se ^ r n lai nhieu loi ich chg Viet Nam, the hien d cdc mat: Ve Idiih ^ , theo tiitii todn cua cdc diuySn gia kinh t l ddc lap, TPP se
^ 1 ^ GDP ciia Vet Nam tang them 23,5 ty USD vao nam 2020 vd 33,5 ty USD vdo ndm 2025. Xuit khau se tdng them dugc 68 ty USD vao nam 2025.
D ^ chii y Id viec cdc till trudng Idn nhu Hoa Ky, Nhgt,Ban vd Canada gjam thue nhdp khdu y l 0%
se gii^ tao ra "cii hich" Idn ddi vdi hoat ddng xuat khdu eiia nude ta.
Cac ngarSi xudt khdu quan tiong nhu det may, giay dep, thuy san...
nWeu khd ndng ,se ed budc phdt tiien vugt bac ve kim r^geh xudt khiu sang cdc ,thi tnidng nay.
Ddc biet, ddi vdi ngkih dSt may, vdi qi^' md xudt khdu dii Idn, Vet Nam si ed d e u kien thu hiit diu tir vdo lihh vuc d^t, nhu^m va sdnxuat nguyen phu lieu. Tren thuc td, &i xuithifn cdc dy an diu tiJ Idn va rat Idn dl ddn diu TPP Ddy Id mdt ti'ch eye ciia qi^ tdc xudt xii "tir spi tidr d", giiip Vet Nam tdng gid tri gi,a t3ng ndi dia cho hang may xudt khau va giiip ngdnh may phdt trien bin vihig trudc cdc ddi thii cgnh tranh tiem tang.
Ngodi ra, tiiam gja TPP se giiip V?t Nam CO dugc cdc cohgi mdi tii diuoi cung img mdi hinh tiianh sau khi,TPP cd hi^u luc. Cdc nude TPP ehiem tdi 40% GDP va 30% tiiuong mm toan eiu lai bao gdm cac thi tiudng Idn nhu Hoa Ky, Nhgt Ban, diic ehdn se md ra rit iJiilu co hpi khi ehu5i cung iing mdi hmh tiidnh.
Hien nay, nhieu tgp doan Idn ti^ tiie gidi nhu Samsung, Intel, Microsoft, LG.. (Eddutu,n5nh vdo V?t Nam vdi muc tieu bien nude ta tid tiianh mgt trong nhihig cu d i m quan ti'gi^ nSm tiong ehuoi san xuat cdc mdt hang cdng nghe cao nhub0 vi xOt ly mdy tinh, ddn tiiogi tiidng minh, cac n^t I^ng gia dyng sir dyng cdng nghe mci... Tham gja
TP,P se giiip xu hudng nay phat trien ngdy cang manh me hon. Id dieu kien quan trgng de nude ta budc sang giai dogn phdt tiiln cac ngdnh dien tii^ cdng ,nghe cao.
Day Id co hdi rdt Idn de ndng tim nen kinh te V e t Nam trong 5-10 nam tdi.
Them vdo dd, cam kit trong TPP ve dich vu vd diu tu du kien se cd tdc dung ti'ch cue trong viec <^
thien mdi trudng diu tu, gdp phin thu hiit ngudn vdn dau tu nude ngodi. Gdn day, nhilu tap doan Idn ciia nude ngodi da dau tu du an mdi hoac md rdng san xudt tgi V e t Nam trong cdc ITnh vuc nhu san xudt sgi, det may, gidy da, chl bien go... de ddn diu TPP Do dp, cd CO sd de khdng djitii rdng diu tu nude ngodi s? gia tdng mgnh me hon khi TPP dugc ky kit, khdng chi trpng cac linh vuc san xudt hang xudt khdu md cdn trong eac ITnh vuc khdc nhu tai chinh, ngdn hdng, bat dgng san....
, Ngoai ra, cae doanh nghidp cung cap dich vu eua nude ta cung de tiep can thi trudng eua cac nude tham gia TPP hon, tuy tac ddng nay khdng nhieu do kha ndng cgnh tranh ciia cac doanh nghiep V$t Nam d tiii tardng nude ngom cdn thap. Mae dii vgy, cimg vdi thdi gian, mdt sd doEuih nghiep cua nude ta ciing cd dieu kien vuon ra mdt sd thi trudng TPP (nhu Tap dodn Vettel vaTdp dodn Ddu Idii Viet Nam da dau tu tai Peru) qua do lan tda ra cdc thi trudng Idiu vyc, nhdt la khu vyc Trung My (Idn nhat Id Me-hi-cd) vd Nam My (Pe-ni, Chi-Ie).
Vec cd quan h? FTA vdi Hoa Ky (va ciing vdi do la EU, Lien niinh Kinh te A - Au) se giiip Vet Nam ed co hgi,co cdu lai Ihi trudng xuit nhap kiiiu theo hudng can bing hon (hien dang dya qud mgnh vdo cac thi tiirdng tgi ,Ddng A nhu Trung Qude, Han Qude yd mot sd nude ASEAN). Day la ylu td tiien chdt giiip Viet Nam, nang cap tinh dgc lap ty chii eiia nen kinh te. Ben canh do, eac, doanh nghifp Vdt Nam se cd d e u kidn tham gia vdo till truong mua sdm cdng eiia Hoa Ky, Nhgt Bdn, Canada... ti'ong khi
doanh nghiep ciia cdc nude canh tranh vdi Vet Nam do chua ed quan he FTA vdi Hoa Ky se khdng dugc tiiam gja Theo sd Iieu,eua Hoa Ky, chi tirii rieng mua sdm cdng eac loai hdi^ hda, vat dung van i^dng thdng thudng eiia cac co quan chinh qi^en lien bang Hoa Ky hang ndm da vao khodng 10-12 ty USD. Day Cling la mdt kenhtiSu thu hap ddn ddi vdi iidng xuat khdu cua Vet Nam vd Id Igi the cgnh tranh hon bin so vdi cde nude trong khu vyc chua ,c6 quan he FTA vdi Hoa Ky.
Ve mat the che, ciing nhu viec tham gia Td chiic Thuong mgi The gidi (,WTO), tham,gia TPP se Id co hdi de ,Vet Nam tiep tuc hodn thien the che, trong dd cd the che kinh te till trudng - mot trong ba dot pha chien luge ma Dang ta ^ xde dinh;
hd trg cho tien trinh ddi, mdi md hmh tmig trudng vd co cau Igi nen kinh te cua Viet Nam, ddng thdi giiip nude ta ed them eo hdi de hodn thien mdi trudng kinh doanli theo hudng thdng thoang, minh bgch va de dy doan hon, tu do ^thiic diy cd diu tiJ trong nude Idn dau ta nude ngodi.
Dgc biet, vi?c hoan tiiien va tdng cudng cdng tdc bao hd qi^Sn sd huu til tije sS md ra CO hgi thu hiit diu tu vdo nhih^ ITnh vyc cd hdm luong hi tiiiic cao, thi dy nhu san xudt dugc phim, trong dd cd thudc sinh hoc {^c biet Id vdi vaccine \a.
mdt sd sdn phim Vet Nam cd budc phdt tridn mgnh ti-ong cde nam qua).
Them \ ^ do, TPP vdi cdc tieu chudn rdt cao ve qudn tri minh bach vd hdnh xu khach quan cua bo may Nha nude se gjiip Vet Nam tiep tuc hoan thien Mid nude phdp qi^en xa hgi ehu nghia; thiic ^ y hodn thien bd mdy theo hudng tinh ggn, trong sach, viing manh; diy maiih cai each hanh chinh; tang cudng trach nhiem, ky luat, ky cuong vd phdng chdng tham nhiing, lang phi, quan lieu.
Ve mat )di hdi, Iham gjaJPP se tgo cho Viet Nam cac eo hdi giiip nang cao tdc do tang trudng. He qud la se tgo tiiem nhieu viec, Idm, ndng cao tiiu nhdp va gdp phdn xod ddi giam n ^ e o . T ^ tiudng kmh ,tl Cling gjifl) Vet Nam cd tiiem ngudn
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lyc ^ cdi thien chit lugng nguon nhdn luc vd cham sdc sue khde cgng ddng.
Do nhap khdu tii Hoa Ky vd cac nude TPP chua ed FTA vdi Vet Nam phin Idn la khdng canh trarfi trye tiep, do dd neucd mdt Id trinh gjam thue hgp ly, ket hgp vdi hodn tiiien h6 tiidng an sinh xa hdi,. Vet Nam cd the xu ly dugc cac vdn de xd hdi nay sinh do tharn gja TPP.
E)de biet, do TPP bao gdm ca cac cam ket ve bdo ve mdi trudng nen tien tiinh md ciia, t\x do hda thuong mgi vd thu hiit diu tu s8 dugc thuc hien theo cdch than thien vdi mdi trudng hon, gjiip Vi$t Nam tang tiirdng bin viing hon.
NJmng didch thuc vd tdc ^ng cua TPP doi voi Viet Nam
Tham gja TPP ciing dgt ra mgt sd tiiaeh tiiiic nhit djnh ddi vdi Vet Nam th6 hien nhir
- Ve kinh te, thdeh thiic Idn nhdt la siic ep canh ti^nh, ddc biet Id tiong Itnh vuc ehdn nudi. Mdc dii Vet Nam ed the manh trong nhieu ITnh vuc ndng nghiep nhung siic cgnh tiWi,cua nude ta tiong mot sd ngdnh nghe chua thuc ,sy tdt, vi du nhu ehdn nudi. Du kien ddy se la ngdnh g ^ nhieu kho khdn nhdt khi cam ket TPP ed hieu luc.
- E)di vdi cdc ngdnh kinh te khae, cgnh tranh cung cd the xdy ra nhung d miic do khdng Idn bdi vi cdc nen kmh te TPP hien nay ed CO cdu, mdt hdng xuat khdu mang tinh bd sung hon la mang tinh cgnh tranh vdi co cdu mat hdng xuat khau ciia Vet Nam.
- Ve xay dyng phdp lugt, tiie chl, cdc tidu chudn cao ve qudn tri minh bach vd hanh xii khdch quan eiiabg mdy Nha nude se ddt ra nhung thdeh thiic Idn cho bd may quan ly.
Tuy, nhien, day ciing la rJiiing tieu chuan,ma Vet Nam dang hudng dSn de xdy dyng mgt Nha nude p h ^ quyen xd hdi ehu nglua, thuc sy eua ddn, do dan va vi ddn, vdi i^i ngu cdn bd, cdng chirc ed phim chit, ndng lyc, 1^ luat, ky cuong.
- v l mat xd hdi, canh tranh tdng len khi tharn gia TPP cd till Iam,cho mdt so doanh nghiep, tiudc hit la cac doanh nghifp van dua vao su bao c ^ dia Nh^ nude, cac doanh
nghiep cd cdng i^he sdn xudt vd kmh doanh lac Mu roi vdo tinh trang kho khdn (thim chi phd sdn), klo theo do la kha ndng tiidt nghiep trong mdt bg phan lao ddng se xdy ra. Tuy nhien, do phdn Idn cdc nIn kinh te trong TPP khdng cgnh Oranh true tiep ycA Vet Nam, nen ngogi trii mgt sd it nganh ndng nghiep, du kien tdc ddng nay Id cd tinh cue bp, q i ^ md, khdng ding ke va chi mang tirii ngdn hgn.
Mdt so gidi phdp can thuc hien tdi My doi vdi Viet Nam khi TPP chinh ihiiv duoc ky kit
E)l gjam thieu nhirng tac dpng tieu cue do TPP mang lai ye ndng nghiep^ Vet Nam sg phai het sue no luc, bien tiiach thiie tiidnh co hdi de dpi mdi md hinh tang trudng va co cdu Igi,nen kinh te. Trong dd. Vet Nam can dac biet coi trpng co cdu lai nganh ndng iighiep, td ehiic lai san xudt, thiic diy ling, dung khoa hpc - cdng nghe, chuyen ddi sang md hinh kinh doanh trang trai, don d e n Idn de giam chi phi san xuat, de quan ly chit lugng, an toan vp sinh thyc phim, cung nhu de iing dung eac cdng nghe sinh hgc vao ITnh vuc trdng tix)t, canh tdc, ehdn nudi, phii hop vdi viec xdy dung cdc chien luge ve ndng nghiep.
Vdi rihung ehuong tiinh co cdu Igi, sdn xuat ndng n ^ e p nhu viec trien khai cdnh ddng mdu Idn, nude ta can sdm nhan rdng va phdt trien hop ly tiong tiJong Im. Dac biet, can ddi mdi vd tdng cudng cdng tdc tuyen truyen, phd bien de mpi doanh nghiep diu nhgn tiiiic dugc CO hdi vd thdeh thiic ciia TPP ndi rieng ciing nhu tien Irinh hgi nhap kinh tl qude tl va tham gia cde FTA the he mdi ndj chung.
Ve the che, de tiiuc thi cam kit trong TPP, Vet Nam se phdi d i u ehiijbi, sua ddi mdt sd quy dinh phap luat vl thuong mgi, i^u tii, ddu thiu, sd hiiu tri tue, lao ddng, mdi trudng ... Tuy nhien, nhu kmh nghiem gia nhdp WTO dd chi r%
vdi sy chudn bj nghiem tiie yd no luc cao do, Viet Nam cd till tiiuc tuen thdnh cdng khdi lugng cdng viec, ndy, nhit la khi nude ta dugc qi^'en tiiuc hien theo Id trinh.
Ve mat xd hdi, vdi eo hdi mdi ed
dugc tir TPP, Viet Nam se cd d e u ki?n d l tao cdng dn viec lani mdi, giiip ehuyin dich co cau kinh te sang cac ngdnh nude ta tiiyc su cd loi till canh tranh.
Ngodi ra, Nhd nude eung cdn cd cdc bien phdp tiw ^ u p de chii ddng xii ly .idp tiicri cdc tdc ddng tieu cue cd thi xay ra, tix)ng do ed viec td chuc dao tao Igi ddi ngii lao ddng.
Vdi thdi gian, thu hiit dau tu nuoc ngoai tar^ len, co cau ,sdn xuat se dugc d e u chinh va nhieu viec lam mdi se dugc tgo ra.
Viet Nam (S ehu ddng va ti'ch eye hgi nhap tir kha lau, gia nhdp ASEAN tii nam 1996, tiiam gia H e p dinh BTA vdi Hoa Ky ndm 2001, Hiep dinh BIT vdi Nhat Ban nam 2003, gia nhdp WTO vao ndm 2007 vd tiep theo do Id rdt nhieu hiep dmh thuong mai tu do (FTA) vdi nliieu nude trong khu vuc va tien till thi gjdi. Gdn day nhit, trong nam 2015, Vet Nam dd ky ket them 2 Hiep djnh FTA vdi Hdn Qude vd Lien minli A-Au, ket thiic ddm phan FTA vdi EU. Nhu vay, ed the ndi, nude ta khdng cdn qua xa la vdi hpi nhap kinh te qude te. Tat nhien, vdi tu each Id nude cd trinh dp pMt trien tiiip nhdt troi^ TPP, V e t Nam ciing la ,nudc se gap phdi t h ^ h thiic Idn nhdt, nhung cung Id nude dy kien cd dugc co hgi eao nhdt khi TPP dugc dira vao thuc tiii.
Tren thuc te, chii truong va chinh sach cua Dang va Nhd nuoc ciing dang hudng tdi rapt nen hdnh chinh cdng hieu qud, minh bEu;h, de du dodn, phii hgp vdi cdc nguyen tdc,co,bdn ciia tdt cd cac hiep dinh qude te nen viec V?t Nam tiiam gia
"TPP la ,hoan todn phu hgp vdi nguyen ec,vd djnh hudng hgi nhdp kmh te qude te eua Dang vd Nha nude. Vec tham ^ a TPP, vdi cdc tieu chudn cao ciing giiip day nhanh qua truih xay dung Igi cdc tiiirc tiie kinh tl, diy manh co che kinh te theo dinh hudng tiii trudng, trong dd ed ca van de co cau Igi doanh nghifp Nhd ,nudc. Viec chip nhgn cdc tieu chudn eao trong TPP ciing Id mpt traag nhiing each de gay sue ep ddi vdi ^ trinh ddi,mdi, hogch dnh chmh sdch, siia ddi phdp luat tiieo hudng minh bgch hda hon, de
