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PHAT TRIEN SAN PHAM Nl/dC RUA TAY TU D A U H A T S A C H A INCHI
(Plukenetia Volubilis L.)
• M A I H U Y N H C A N G - P H A M THI C A M H O N G
T O M T A T :
Dau hat Sacha Inchi chira nhieu axil beo khong bao hoa nhir Omega-3 (9%), Omega-6 (35%), Omega-9 HS^o). dong thai co chiJa nhieu vitamin E, acid amin va khoang chSt khac. Nghien ciru phat trien cong thirc san pham nuac nra tay lir d^u hjit Sacha Inchi bao gom 5g dau sachi inchi, 1 131g K O H 40"«, 4",. acid citric, pha loSng giifa dung dich mu6i xa phong v6i nirac theo ty 1?
1:1 (V /v) San pham co pH la 8,69; hieu qua tSy rira 25,05 phut; kha nSng tao bpt 96,13%.
T i r khoa: Dau hat Sacha Inchi, nirac rva tay, muoi xa phong.
I . D ^ t v a n d e
Sachi (Sacha inchi) - ten khoa hpc la Plukenetia Volubilis L. hay con gpi la Inca Inchi ho^c Inca Nuts, la mpt giong ca\ day leo thupc hp Euphorbiaceae.
Chiing CO nguon goc lir viing rimg ram nhi?t doi Amazon phan bo tir Bolivia toi Mexico nhung pho bien nhat la o Peru, Ecuador va Colombia. Dau hat Sacha Inchi duac chiet tir hat Sacha Inchi bang phucmg phap ep lanh, chira lupng dau cao (khoang 25%). Dau Sachi chira ham Iirang cao Omega 3 (48- 54",0. Omega 6 (36- 3X"u) va Omega 9 (7-9%) [1]
Cac loai chat beo khong bao hoa trong dau Sachi CO cong dyng lot cho siic khoe. dac biet giiip Iam sang dan cac viing da sam. mang lai mpt lan da sang va deu mau khi su dung trong mv pham. Ngoai ra, dau hai Sacha Inchi con chira protein (24 - 33"o) va cac khoang chat khac nhu kali (5563 ppm), magie (3210 ppm) V a canxi (2406 ppm). Ben canh do. dau Sachi con chua cac chat chong oxy hoa tu nhien nhu vitamin \ (relinol), vitamin E (tocopherol) va mot so loai acid amin thiel yeu khac lam dep. giiip tSng kha nang mien dich ciia ca the [2].
Ngav nay dong san pham cham soc ca nhan va san pham tav rira co nguon goc tir cac nguyen lieu t u nhien dang tra thanh xu hirang mai cua nganh Cong nghiep hoa my pham. Dau dupe chiel tir hat Sacha Inchi la mpt trong nhung nguon nguven lieu phii
hpp va CO gia i n de irng dung vao nhij'ng my phdm cham soc, du&ng da.
Muc lieu nghien cuu la khao sat cac ygu t6 anh huong den quy trinh san xuSi nuac rira tay tir d i u hai Sacha Inchi.
2. \ at li^u va phtrvng phap nghien ciru Dau hat Sacha Inchi, dupe trSng tai tinh DSk Lak, Viet Nam. Cac ch^t phu gia (Glycerol, Acid citric, Dipropylene glycol, Decyl glucoside) va cac loai hoa chat khac (NaOH, Potasium sorbate) duoc mua lir Cong ty Hoa chit Bach Khoa, Thanh pho Ho Chi Mmh.
Tir nguyen li?u d i u thuc vat, dS tao san phSm nuoe rua tay can phai trai qua cac giai doan co ban nhu sau:
0 ) Xa phong hoa: Phan m g tao xa phong voi tac nhan kiem;
(2) Tmng hoa \ ^ g phan i n g tao xa phong va loai tac nhan kiem du;
(3) B6 sung phu gia cam quan Nana cao gia tri cam quan de tao san pham CO ban'
( 4 ) B 6 . u n g p h , g , a h „ a „ c h , „ h : T h a y d 6 i , i n h chat de da dang hoa san pham [3]
De danh gia k^l qua khao sal cac rh, f
dt,oc theo^d.i: Dp t^ohpt....-,;;;, t - - -
hien qua tay rua Kl,:, nSng tao b,„ „3„ ,a„ botl cua san pham - la i> s.". '.Nfta chieu can . , „ h,„ • u "
376 So 12-Thang 5/2020
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aodung dtch san pham ban dau. Hieu qua lay nra
^ tW hi?n qua thai gian ben nhu, tire la kha nang (to nhii ciia san pham v ai mpt loai dau duoc chpn (mo phong cho chat ban). Cam quan san pham dupe
^ gia bang phuang phap danh gia cam quan cho di^oi-
Cic thi nghi?m khao sat anh huong ciia nong dp ki^ dirpc tien hanh voi gia tri 35%; 40%: 45% ve kb6i lirpng. Ham lupng kiem lan lupt duoc khao sal nhir sau: Ham lupng tinh theo ly thuyet cpng phan
<lir 10%. 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% so voi tinh toan.
Nhifl dp phan ung xa phong hoa dupe khao sal la 60'^, 70°C, 80"C. Thai gian ciia phan img xa phong bdia thirdng dupe tien hanh trong khoang 45 phut:
60phui,9Ophiit, 120 phiit.
3. Phinmg ph^p phan tich
Do dd pH- Chuan bi dung dich miu l%i bang each hoa tan lupng can mau phan tich trong nude CIL Gia nhiet nh? khuay deu trong 5 phiit. De lang ngugi 15 phut, do pH ciia pha nuac va ghi lai gia tri oiciingnhi^tdp [4].
Dp hio hot Can 0,1 g mau phoi xa phong cho vao ongnghi?m. Them 3ml nude cat, gia nhiel den khi tan hoan toan roi de nguoi. Day nap ong nghiem, lac deu trong khoang 1 phut va ngirng lai. Ghi nhan ket qua chieu cao cpt bpt lai thai gian t = 0 phut sau khi lac. Mo nSp ong nghiem va chd 15 phiit. Ghi lai ket quichi^u cao cpt bpt tai thdi gian t = 15 phut [5].
E)g i?o bpt dupe tinh bang cong thirc.
V-
-.vlOOVcri: z^ la dp 6n djnh bpt (%): VI la the tich cot M sau khi I3c (ml): V2 la thg tich cot bpt sau 15 phiil (ml).
MfH qud Idy rira: Dupe the hien qua thai gian b^ nhu. tlie la kha nang tao nhu ciia san pham vdi mQl logi diu parafin dupe chpn (mo phong cho chat ban). \]oi \\\k tich 2 ml dung dich xa phdng pha loSng 5% vdi nude dupe cho vao ciing 2g dau paraffin, sau do lac d^u tao nhu. Su dung dong hd liini giay de xac dinh thai gian ben nhu ciia he. la
khi mpt the tich dau ! ml dupe tach thanh lop rti ret [5]. Trong xa phdng co chat hoal dpng b^ mat ddng V ai trd quan trpng trong su hinh thanh cua nhu tuang dau trong nude. Cac chat hoat dpng co v ai trd lam giam sue cang b^ mat giira nude va dau, ddng thdi lam on djnh cac pha gipi nude ben trong pha dau. Do do. ngan chan ca che sy hoa hpp ciia pha nude, nhd vav giup on dinh nhii tuang, ngSn can sy tach pha. \*av nen. hieu qua lay rua cua xii phdng cang cao khi thai gian b^n nhij cang lau [3].
Phuong phap cam quan cho diem dupe su dyng de khao sat danh gia dp yeu thich cho mau nude rua tav Ihanh pham
4. Ket qua va (hao luan
4.1. Anh hirdmg cua lu-{mg kiem trong phan uiig .\d phimg hda
Hinh 1: Antt hi/dng cua ham lifpng kiem len do tao bot
g 94
=^ 92
94,343
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2 3 4 5 6Mau lhi nghidm
H/n/i 2: Anh ht/dng cua tiam lUpng kiem len tttdi giam ben nhu
21,83 . S _ 20.5 r ,;,v; „ , ,
I
-^3 - , - 19-48 L ^
! l l l l l l
Dua V ao Hinh I & 2. ta thay ro dp tao bpt va thai 2ian b^n nhu cd xu hudng tang lir ham lupng kiem
Bang 1 . Anh h u 6 n g c u a h a m li/dng kiem len p h a n Ofng
Miu 1 (vija du) 8.65+0.011
Miu 2 (du' 10%) 8 67±0.02
Miu 3 (du' 20%) 8.68±0 011
Miu 4 (du 30%) 8.69±0 005
Miu 5 (du' 40%) 8.71±0 11
Miu 6 (du 50%) 8,72+0 091
So 12-Thang5/2020 377
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Bang 2. Anh hudng cua nong (So kiem len phan Ung Nong dp KOH
06 pH
35%
3.61+0.021
40%
8.69+0.005
_ 45%
8.71±0.005
Hinh 3: Anti hi/dng cua nong dp kiem ten do tao bot
Hinh 4: Anh hudng cua nong dp Itlem len thdi gian tyen nhu 95
94 5 94 9.15 93 92 5
94.^95
H 93,88 93.^65 • H
I I I
M'o Ml", 4 5 " . Nong dp kiem (%)
, 3
TTloi gian ben ni (phii) 10 25 20 15 10 5 0
21 IS.!
. I I
.15%, 40% 4 5 % Nong dp kiem (%)
diing theo Iv thuyet (mau I) tang den ham lupng kiem d u 3()"o (mau 4). Tuv nhien, neu tiep tpc tang ham lupng kiem du len 50"o (mau 6) lhi kha nang tao bpi V a thdi gian ben nhu co xu hudng giam. Kel qua thong ke cho thay, anh h u a n g ciia ham luong kiem len dp lao bpi va thdi gian ben nhu co v nghia a dp tin ca> 95"o (P < 0.05) (Bang 1) Anh h u o n g ciia ham lupng kiem du 30"o len dp tao bpt va ihdi gian ben nhij co sp khac biel va cao nhat so voi cac muc khao sat con lai, phan ung \ a phong dien ra manh nhal nen chpn ham lupng kiem d u 3 0 % la ham lupng uu the nhal cho phan u n g iiep iheo.
4.2. Anh hir&ng cua ndng do kiem trong phdn img .Vfl phdng hda
Dp pH cua cac ham lupng kiem co xu hudng tang khi tang ndng do kiem {Bang 2). pH cd xu hudng tang tir S,61 den 8.71 khi tang ndng d o kiem tir 3 5 % den 4 5 " .1 Dp lao bpi va thai gian ben nhii cd xu h u d n g tang tir ndng do 35" o den ndng dp 4 0 % . Tuy nhien. neu tiep tuc tang den nong dp 4 5 " o. dp tao
hot va thdi gian ben nhu cd xu h u d n g giam (Hinh 3
& 4). Anh h u a n g cac nong dp kiem len dp tao bpi va thdi gian ben nhu cd su khac bipi y nghTa. Ndng dp kicm 40" i, cd dp tao bpt va thdi gian ben nhu cao nhat so vdi cac mirc khao sal cdn lai do qua trinh xa phdng hda tai 4 0 % dicn ra manh nhat. Ta chpn ndng dp kiem 4(l"„ la nong dp uu ih6 nhat cho phan irng liep theo.
4.3. Anh hirdng cua nhif't d{> vd thdi gian trong phdn irng .xd phdng hda
Dp pH cd xu hudng giam dhn theo thdi gian xa phong hda t5ng. Cu the, khi lang nhiet dp phan irng tir 60"C len 80"C. tai thdi gian 45 phiil thi dp pH giam dan. tai thdi gian 60 phiit va 90 phiit thi dp pH khdng thay ddi dang kk (Bang 4). Phan tich thdng ke cho thay. thdi gian xa phong hda cd anh h u d n g ro r?t den dp pH Dp pH tai ihdi gian phan irng 45 phiil cd su khac biel y nghTa so vdi thdi gian phan irng 60 phut va 90 phiit. Tuy nhien. tai ihdi gian phan ting 60 phut va 90 phut, dp pH khong cd su khac bi?t
Bang 4. Anh hucing cija nhiet do va thdi gian phan Orng len pH Thai gian(phut)
Nhiet dp ("C)
70 80
45 3 92±0.005 3.85±0 045 3.73±0.01
3.72±0.02 3 69±0,005 3.69±0 095
8 69+0 011 8 69±0 005 8 6e±0 006
378 So 12 • Thang 5/2020
HA C m i i a E TtfCPIAM
Hnh S: inh hu6ng ctia nhiet do va thdi gian len do tao bot
45 phiit 60 phiit 90 phiii Thai gian xa phong hoa (phiit) Hinh 7:
»M KJjl i . !.76 - 8.71
S.ei6
inh hudng cua ham li/dng acid ctltric (%) len dp pH
1 ^ 1 1 m
2% 3% 4"„
Hdm lupng Acid Citric ("
i i
5''o
o )
0 Hinh 5 va Hinh 6 cho thay, thdi gian va nhiet dp xa phong hda cd anh hudng len do tao bpt v a thdi gian ben nhu. Cac mirc nhiel dp cd su khac biet y nghia vdi nhau. Tuy nhien, anh hudng ciia nhiet dp a 70"C den dp tao bpt va thdi gian ben nhu co su khic bi?t uu the so vdi cac mirc khao sat cdn lai nen chgn nhiet dp 70''C la nhiet dp uu th^ nhk cho phan img Iiep Iheo. Xet thdy thdi gian xa phdng hoa 90 phut cho dp tao bpt cao nhk nen chpn thdi gian 90 phut la thdi gian xa phdng hoa uu the nhal cho phan mg tiep theo.
Hinh 9: Anh hudng cua ty le pha loang len do tao bot
96 13
1
93 07I 1
90 8801I
Hinh 6: Anh hudng cua nhiet dp va thdi gian len dp thdi gian ben nhu
• 60=C .70=C »80°C
•I II II
45 phul 60 phiil 90 phiil Thdi gian xi phong hoa (phul) Hinh 8: Anh hudng cua ham lupng acidctitric (%) ten thdi gian ben ntiu
• I I I
Hani lirimg .Acid Cilnt (%) 4.4. Anh hir&ng cua hdm tu-frng axit trong phdn img trung Iwa
Khi tang ham luong acid citric (%) dp pH cita xa phdng cd xu hudng giam ly le nghich vdi thdi gian ben nhu cd xu hudng iSng. Do cang tang ham lupng acid citric cang Iam giam lupng kiem ciia mudi xa phong nen pH cang giam (Hinh 7& 8) Chpn ham lupng 4% acid citric la phii hpp cho thi nghipm tiep theo.
4.5. .4nh hirdng cua pha hang den phdn img .\a phdng hda
Hinh 10: Anh hudng ciia ty le pha loang den thdi gian ben nhu
H
,0 I I I .,
Tl I5 pha loang va phoni; UU^K Ti le nha toiinj; xj phDng.nitiTt
So 1 2 - T h a n g 5/2020 379
TAPHJCONGTIiraiNC
Bdng 5. C h a t li/dng nUdc rufa toy d a u S a c h a Inchi
Tieu chi Mo ta Tieu chi Mo ta Dp nhdt Khdng bi nhdt sau rira Du'O'ng da Am da
pH 8.69 ± 0.005 Mau s^c j Mau trSng kem Dp tgo bpt 96.13% Thdi gian ben nhu 25 phiit 05 giSy Dj irng da, ngira Khong gay ngira, di ieng ' Do set S$t vira, dgng gel
. _ __ - _ _- _ _ _
Miii hu'ang Miit dau Sacha Inchi dgc
tru'ng ' !
Khi pha loang san pham nen vdi nude theo cac ty le de xuat, dp tao bpt cung nhu thdi gian ben nhu Ihu dupe cd xu hudng giam khi lupng nude pha loang tang (Hinh 9& 10). Chgn ty le 1:1 la ty le pha loang Idi uu nhat cho thi nghiem nude rua tay.
4.6. Banh gid chdt lirp^tg .sdn phdm, khdo sdt d(i yen thich sdn phdm nirdc rira tay
San pham nude rua tav lir dau Sachi c6 pH la 8,69 ± 0,005, dp tao bpi lii 96.I3". va thdi gian ben nhii la khoang 25 phiit (Bang 5) Danh gia cam quan san pham iheo cac tieu ehi miii. chi lieu kich img da. tr^ng thai va dp lao bpt, san pham dat trung binh la 16,27 diem, san pham nude
rua tay tir dau hai Sacha Inchi dat loai Kha, theo TCVN 3215:1979.
5. Ket Iu5n
Thai gian phan ung xa phong hda phii hpp la 90 phiit, nhiet dp 7 0 ^ , tde dp khuSy la 500v/p.
Nude rua lay tir dau Sacha Inchi thu dupe cd pH la 8,69, dp tao bpt thu dupe la 96,13% va thdi gian ben nhu la 25,05 phiit. Danh gia cam quan cho di^m dupe 16,27 digm, dat loai kha theo TCVN 3215 1979 Nude rira tay tir dSu Sacha Inchi 1^0 dp mem mjn cho da, khdng gay khd da nhu cac san pham thuang mai nhd cac dudng chSl, vitamin va omega 3-6-9 cd trong dau, tao bpt nhieu va lam sach daH
TAI LIEL TH VM KHAO:
1 Nguyen Thi Thanh Thuy, Nguyin Thi Hong \1inh (2017), Xac dmh thanh phan dinh du&ng va tdi uu hoa dieu kien rang hat Sacha Inchi. Tup chi Khoa hpc cua Bd Ndng nghiep vd Phdt Iriht nong than s6 10 tr 87- 93.
2 Dang Trung Nghiem (201 Si. Khao sdt anh huang cua ihdi gian hao quan vd nhiet dp len chdt linme ddu Sacha Inchi Irong qud trinh che bien (Plekenetia Volubilis), Bp mon Cong ngh^ Hoa hpc, Trudnp Dai hoc
\ 6 n g Lam.
3 Doan Xuan Hoang (2017|. hghien ciht san .xudt xd phong lu nhien quy md phong Ihi nghiem. Do dn tdt nghiep Tnrdng Dai hoc Bd Ria - i 'ung Tdu.
4 \i!u>cn Thuy Lan (2016), Sghien cim h? nhS tirang mrdc - "^'hien lieu Diesel ddi \di dpng co Diesel D6 an lox nghiep Dai hpc Bach Khoa Ha N6i
5. Bach Long Giang v a cac cpng sir (2017), .\ghien c mi quy trinh san .xudl nude rua lay- dtrcmg da ur dau dira
\ icn Ky thuat Cong nghe cao NTT.
380 So 12 - Thang 5/2020
l i A - c o m NGHE-TKcn/iM
\|:a\ nh«n bii: 19/4/2020
Ngaj phan bi^n danh gia \ a sira chira; 29/4/2020
\;ii> chap nhan ding bii: 9/5/2020 Tiwng Im loc gia:
I.TS. \1A[ HUYNH CAING
;. KS. PHAM TH! C A M HONG
Bp mon Cong nghf H6a hpc - Trutag Dai hoc Nong Lara Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh
MAKING LIQUID HANDWASH FROM SACHA INCHI (Plukenetia Volubilis L.) SEED OIL
• Ph.D IVIAI HUYNH CANG PHAM THI CAM HONG Department of Chemical TechnologY, Nong Lam University
ABSTRACT:
Sacha Inchi seed oil is high content of unsaturated fatty acids including {)nicga-3 (9%), Omega-6 (35%) and Omega-9 (48%) and it also is rich in vitamin E. other essential ainino acids and minerals. The fomiulation of Sachi liquid handwash contains sachi oil content of 5g. KOH 4()"n content of 1.13 Ig, citric acid content of 4% and dilution between solution of saline soap and w ater of 1:1 (v/v). The pH, the cleasing effect and the ability to foam of final product are S.69.
25.05 minutes and 96.13%. respectively.
Keywords: Sacha Inchi seed oil, handwash, saline soap and water
So 1 2 - T h a n g 5/2020 381
