^ ^ _ KHOA HOC VA CtNG NGHl MO
DANH GIA DAC TINH KIEN CO CUA D U & R | | ^
T A I MO MUOI " W I E U C Z k i ^ '
TS KRZYSZTOF TAJDUS, TS RAFAtMISA Vien Nghidn ciru Co-hoc Ba, Vien Hin lim Khoa hge Ba 1
ThS. N G U Y I N P H U M I N H v a o N G <
Trirong D?i hge Khoa hge vi Cdng nghe, ABH UST'^t
M
o muli da "Wieliczka" dUQ-c tim thay tai dia diem cd cung ten Wieliczka - thdnh pho tilp giap vdi co dd nil tilng Cracdw, nam tai phia nam cCia d i t nudc Ba Lan. Su khdi d i u cCia mc mudi b i t d i u tir t h l ki 13, muoi tai day duoc khai thac d i n nam 1996 vdi 9 tang khai thac dudi dO sau tir -64 m d i n -327 m.Tong chilu dai cac dudng 16 cdng vol cac ham tram Idn nhd (hdi trudng, san ga, b i n bai, cac phdng, khdang) la tren 300 km, chi tinh rieng tong so dudng Id da ISn tdi 3000 cac loai. Nam 1978, "Wieliczka" duoc ghi vao ban danh sach dau tien cac di san t h l gidl cua UNESCO. Hang nam, trSn 1 triSu luot khach du li.ch den tham md muoi nay, trong dd 60 % la khach du lich nudc ngoai.
Cho d i n nay, Tuyin Du lich - tuyen dudng mdn chinh trong md muoi "Wieliczka" da tilp ddn trSn 36 trieu luot khach du Ijch tIJ- khap noi trSn the gidl [12]. Tren tuyin dudng mdn dd Chung ta cd the chiem nghudng hon 20 cdng trinh xay dg-ng, trong dd dep nhlt la nha thd thanh Kinga.
1, Gidi thl^u cdng trinh nha vS sinh ngam Mo muli "Wieliczka" ISn k l hoach xay dung mdt cdng trinh d dp sau 140 m, ddng vai tro lam nha ve sinh nglm danh cho khde du Tich trdng tuong lal. Nha v6 sinh nglm du kiln duoc xay tig'ng tai hdng phia b i c cda dudng id Hager, each sSn ga Golgchowski 8 m hudng v l phia h i m tram Brygid. Theo tai lieu cua md
"Wieliczka" [4] nha vS sinh nglm du kien cd kich CO nhu sau: 4 m chilu rdng, 6 m chilu dai va
3,5 m chieu cao. Thilt k l phai dap fin chiu luc va kha nang su dgng phO h nang cua mdt cdng tnnh cflng c0ng
Vdl mgc dich danh gia tmh kien co c u J cac tac gia da tiln hanh ding thoi ngtm n tlch va nghien cdu s6 Nghien cuu plui?^
thuc hien du'a tren iy thgylt Tximbarevi h l i ] dd, tinh tdan so duoc thuc hiSn trSii ph^
Abaqgs 3D, dua trSn phuong phap ca i.hji_^
han FEM (Finite Element Method) Tronu ihuy sir dgng cac phuong phap FEM la rit phi. h"
gial quylt cac vin de ky thuat, trong u> ( thult - duoc su dgng thuong xuyen ih ii i-^^
trudng hop ma vin de can giai quyet i n i -lU j;^
hinh va dilu kien ranh gioi phuc tsp l " UnJ FEM trang Dja ky thuat su dung goi p l j i j _ Abaqus 3D cd thl duoc tim thiy troi.g i hii'^j,;
trinh nghlSn cuu va tai liSu vi dg Heta ir, [.'^ ' [8], [9], [10].
2. Nghien ciju hoat dong cfla dia tlngS quanh cong trinh nha ve smh ngam dU" k"
2.1. Tinh toan phan tich .^ < -' Dg-a tren nhung cdng thuc duoc biet din J xac djnh chieu cao vom pha hiiy va co sd cOaa thuylt Tximbarevich [7] cac tinh toan duoc t l i ' cho nhung thong s6 hmh hpc sau khoang ca Idn nhlt: 1=7 m, chieu cao cdng trinh^w=3,5 m j
Bang 1 gidi thiSu nhung thdng s l sue bin | dude xac dmh dua tren nhung kit qua nghjfc cua bp mon Dia co Xay dung va Oia ky thuat, t AGH va nhung nghien cuu thuc dja (in sitg) Bing 1. Thdng si ca hoc cua cic loai da bdt ket [5]
Thdng sd Gdc ma sat trang fl
Trong luong the tich [kN/m^]
S l Poisson
Luc ket dinh [kPa]
300+400
Luc khang nShil R J M P a ] * j 2,9 (gia tri nho nhatt|
duootunghiSncduJf
CONS NGHIEP MO, SO 3-2016
KHOA HOC VA CdNG N G H C MO
Gia dinh th§m rdng cdc loai dd ndm trong l<hu vuc xung quanh cdng trinh nlia vd sinh nglm du kiln, dude x4p vdo nhom da "khd mlm" dua tren hd s6 kidn co Prdtddiakondv [7]. Cac logi da ndy cd he s6 kien c6 bang p=1,5. Dya tr§n nhdng danh I gia nhan quan thl khu vuc nghidn cdu co h0 s6 I kien G6 p=1,25 tucng dng vdi gid tn trung binh cila I nhdm da "kha mlm" (da phien rgn ndt, qudng am 1 m§m,...), va nhdm dd "mem" (dit sdt trung binh, 1 dat set cdng,...).
Dya tren nhdng thdng s6 cu the duo'c dua ra I bdn tr§n, gia trj dp luc vd luc tdc dpng Idn he thong I khung ch6ng cOa dudng 16, cung nhu kich thude I khu vuc cd kha nang suat hi§n ran nut, pha hCiy t ducrc xac dinh (Bang 2).
I Bang 2. T$p hgp kit qud tinh todn phan tich di/a I tren ly thuyit Tximbarevich
Kii qua tfnh todn cho thay rang tren noc cua cdng trinh v§ sinh ngam du kiln co the suat hien vdm ran nut cd chilu cao len d i n 4,8 m.
2.2. Tinh toan s6
Vdi myc dich thuc hi§n phan tich s6, cac tdc gid da tien hdnh xay dung md hinh md phong 3 chieu (3D) tren chuong trinh phan mem Abaqus. Mo hinh md phdng 3 chilu co kfch thude 24x66x43,5 m.
Doi tuQ'ng md phong !a mat trong cua nha ve sinh ngdm du kien. Sa dd mo hinh dug-c hiln thi tren hinh H.1.a.
Do thieu thdng so mddun dan h6i E vd so Poisson cua nhung Idp dat dd trong dja tang cho nen nhung thdng so dd dug^c lua chon bang cdch su dung Phdn logi Hoek [3] vdi gia djnh rang GSl (Geological Strength lndex)=20, D=0 (Disturbance Factor - He so phu thuoc vao phucng phap dao dudng him Id cd gid tn td 0 den 1). Gid tn cdc thdng so duoc su dung trong tinh todn bao gom:
E=0,2 GPa, v=0,3, v=0,02 MN/m^.
Trong giai doan dau, trang thai dng suat ban dau duoc md phong vdi trong luong the tfch trung binh cua ldp phu ^la chit bdn tren cdng trinh du kien Y=0,02 MN/m^ (hinh H.l.b). Tiep sau do, trang thdi biln dang vd dich chuyin cua dja tang tgi khu vyc dudng Id duoc thiet lap. Trong nhdng giai
dogn tiep theo qua trinh xay dung nha vd sinh ngam du kiln dup'c mo phdng. Gid trj vd phan bo djch chuyen ddng, djch chuyin ngang, dng suat ddng, dng suit cue dai, dng suat cue tieu, vd dng suit cit Tresca cho cac giai dogn khde nhau cDa md hinh duoc hiln thj tren hinh H.2.
H. 1. Sa dd md hinh so 3 chiiu (3D) va irang ihdi u-ng suit ban dau cua dia ting trong khu vu-c xdy du'ng nha ve sinh ngim die kiin
Dich chuyen ngang trong trang thdi ban ddu theo hudng true Ox (Ux) cd gia trj la 10"^° m, trong giai doan tiep theo (sau khi hoan thanh dudng Id) dp ldn dich chuyin tgi hong dudng Id Id khoang 1,3 cm va tai noc va nin dudng Id Id 2,2 cm. Sau khi md hinh hda cdng trinh du kien thi gia tri dich chuyen u^ len tdi 5 em (H.2.a). Tuong tu dli vdi dieh chuyen ngang theo hudng tmc Oy (uy), gid tri dd len den 4,3 cm sau khi tien hdnh xay dyng cdng trinh dy kien (H.2.b). Djch chuyen theo phuong thing ddng cd nhung thay doi dang ke giua thdi diem trudc va sau khi xdy dung cong trinh dy kiln (H.2.C). Djch chuyen theo phuong thing ddng tai ndc 16 tang td 10 cm len 19 cm vd tai nin 16 tang td 10,6 em len 19,8 em.
G'ng suat ngang CT33 co nhung thay doi doi vdi tdng gial doan trong qud trinh xay dung cdng trinh dy kiln (H.S.a): tai ndc vd nen 16, gid tri ung suit
CONG NGHIEP MO, SO 3 - 2 0 1 6
JmJ KHOA HOC VA CONG NGH| MO
keo tai thdi dilm sau khi hdan thanh cong^trinh dg;
kiln la 0,18 MPa, tai hong Id gia trj ung suat nen ^ i thdi diem sau khi hoan thanh cdng tnnh du kien trong khoang tu-3,0 din-6,6 MPa. _
Can luu y rang, t i n tai sg- gia tang dang kS cua ung suit nen tai diem giao tilp giO-a dudng Id va cdng trinh du kiln, len din -10 MPa (H.3.b). Phan b l ung suit cgc dai o ™ duoc t h l hISn tren (H.3.b). Cac tinh toan cho thiy rang gia trj ung suat cue dai sau khi hoan thanh cdng trinh len den+0,88 MPa (keo) va -1,28 MPa (nen). Trong khi dd ung suit nen du'c tieu cd gia tri -10,4 MPa (H.3.C).
H.2. Phin bi djch chuyin tai khu vuc nha ve sinh ngam dw kiin: a - Phan bo dich chuyin Ux,b- Phin bi dich chuyen Uy, c - Phan bo dich chuyen Ui
H.3. Phan bi img suit (g/Jcftu v u c j i h ^ ngam dw kien: a - Phan bd img su&t!
o-z, b - Phan bi img suit cue dai rrmax. ( bi img suit cue tiiu ohin
Phdn bo gia tr] ung suit cat Tiesca i trong dd tii>02>a3, cCia cac glai dogn khde nlH qua trinh md phong (H.4.a). Tai honp cOa df cat glQia dudng 16 va cdng trinh dU' kien suit I suit cit cue dai vdi gia trj T „ ^ 9 , 3 9 MPa i dd, phan b l iJng suit ndn va iing suit m phan tich tai thdi dilm hoan thanh cdng trinh d (H.4.b, c). Cd the nhan thiy rang tren ndc odng|
suit hiSn ung suit keo phan b l tai khu vuc co S dai ISn din 1,5 m. Thed nghiSn cilu in situ t l i | khang keo cua cac Idp da phan b l trSn noc duiM cd gia trj rat nhd vl vay ma cd^the gia djnh r-"
khang nen cua cac Idp da dd bang 0.
M CONG NGHIEP MO, SO 3 - 2 0 1 6
KHOA HOC VA CflNG NGHE MO
f.nr-o, • a)
• •
z. JicivnfjSf- ;r\ „ b)^ H
A2t^e5r'-h di
^1
1 sinh. ngam dw kien: a - Ohg suit cat Tresca, b - LTng i sukk6ocwcd^(+), c-Lfng suit ndn cue dai (-) i ' "Titing Biuc t l cSc loai da dd khdng cd kha nang
i khang Ig-c td cac flng suit kSd. Bilu naycd nghTa la unlu thilu nhung bien phap ching thich hop thl cd kha J nang cao se xuit hien ran nut ndc va tgt ndc cdng trinh .(nha v# sinh nglm dg- kiln. LCng suit kSo cung suit J hi|n tai nin cdng trinh, dd cd t h l la nguySn nhSn gay ra .jiart niit va tham chi bung nin cdng trinh du kiln. Ijng J suit nen tinh toan 1^1 mpt s l khu vurc cung vuot gia trj 3 cho phep duoc xac dmh dua trSn nhung nghien cdu jin-situ. Tren hinh H.5 ung suit nSn omm vuot qua gia trj ijcho phep dil vdl luc khang nSn Ro=1,3 MPa (trudng Vopthap nhlt) hoac,Rc=2,9 MPa.
H.5. Phin bo imgsuMcuc Mu vdiga dinh: a - Tnjong hep aht,>1,3 MPa; b-Truong hpp a„t,>Z9MPa
H.6. Phin bo nhimg khu virc cd nguy ca bj ran nirt duuc tinh toan dwa tren gii thuyit Tresca vai gii tn luc khing nen nhat djnh cua da xung quanh nhi ve sinh ngim: a - Truung hap Rc=1,3 MPa; b - Truung hap Rc=2,9 MPa
CONG NGHIEP MO, SO 3-2016
KHOA HOC VA C A N G N G H E M A
H 6 gidl thiSu gia thuylt ung suit cat Tresca X „=(Ri/2). Tren hinh H.6 ta thiy rang tai hdng cong trinh du kiln va hSng phin giao tiep giOa dudng lo va cdng trinh dg' kiln sgit hiSn sg' pha hOy. Giaju gia tn trung binh luc khang nSn cOa dja ting la Rc-2,9 MPa thl khoang each cue dai cija khu vuc ran nflt tai hdng la khoang 1,2 m, trang khi dd dli vdi luc khang^nSn cg'c tilu la Ro=1,3 MPa thl khoang each dd cd the len din 2 m. Tinh toan s l duoc thue hien vdi cac dleg kiSn ranh gidi nhlt dinh HSn quan din hiSn tuong vgt ly cung nhu cdc md hinh toan hpc va hinh hoc. Cac kit qua thu duoc dua trSn nhung gia djnh nhat djnh mS ta chinh xac trang thai ung suit tai khu vuc xay dung nha vS sinh nglm dg kiln.
3. Ket luan va Kien nghj
Phan tlch co hpe dia chit cua cdng trinh nha ve sinh nglm du kiln tai hdng phia bao cfla dudng Jd Hauer (each san ga Gotuchowski 8 m) da cho thay su gia tang ung suit nen (tai hdng cdng trinh) va fl'ng suit keo (tai ndc va nin cong trinh). Gia tii fl'ng suit nen tinh toan tgi nhilu dja dilm vuot qua gia tn luc khang nen cho phep. Dua trSn phan tich trSn cdthe k i t lu|n rang eac ung suit ed the gay ra ran niil, pha huy tai hdng, ndc va nin cfla cdng trinli nha vS sinh nglm du kiln. Ngdai ra, su rgn nut, pha huy cd t h l xuit hien tgl khu vgc giao ttep giua dudng 16 Hauer va nha ve sinh nglm du kiln.
Bd cao vdm pha huy tren ndc cdng trinh nha ve sinh nglm dupc xac djnh la khoang 4,8 m, khoang each khu vuc rgn nfl't, pha huy ngang each 2 ben hdng la khoang 2,0*2,2 m. Su rgn nui, pha huy eua da trSn pham vi dd od t h l anh hudng khSng cd loi d i n tinh kien cd efla eac dudng Id tiep giap vdi cdng trinh nha v# sinh nglm du' kien.
Md muli •Wieliczka" dupc quan 11 va bao ve vdi tu each la mpt cdng trinh di san van hda vl vay mpi cong tac dam bao an toan phai ddp ung nhung dilu kiSn eg the ddnh eho m6l cdng trinh di tlch md him Id (bad t i n hiSn trang Ijch su). Dua trSn nhung kit qua thu dupe trong nghien cuu, nhu'ng kiln nghj trong cdng tac ddm bao an toan duoc neu ra ntilrn mgc dich duy tri tinh kien c l cua edng trinh nha ve sinh nglm trong tuong lai:
• D l bao ve hdng cua cdng trinh nhd vS sinh ngam nSn su' dgng khgng chcng g l , gia e l blng neo khong ngan hon 2,5 m va ludi thdp vdi mat d6 day dac; ^ ^ ^
• Tgi nen cua cong trinh nhlt thiet phai do bS tdng cot thep nham muc dieh chdng Igi kha nang bung nen;
• De bao ve ndc cdng trinh, cd the sd dgng gia CO tam thdi bang neo cflng vdi ludi thep day dge;
• D l i vdi he thong chong eo dinh nen sfl dung
khgng van g l vdl cdt ching 2 bSn hdng c6l<
each phg thu5o vko chuc nang cfla d n y TAI U$U THAM fS^'Ao.
1. Cymbariewicz P M . Pectia{i%
porod, Uglietechizdat, Moskawa, s.247. i 2. Helwany S. 2007 Applied So^,|
with ABAQUS Applications 3. Hoek E., Brown E T Practical I Rock Mass Strength Int J Rock Mech 1 Geomech, Pergarfion, 1998, 348 1165-11 ,
4. Materlaty dostarczone przez kopalrtf WIeliczce zawleraj^ce geometn? planov ^ robdt gdrniezych 1 budowlanych z w i ^ n 5 | wykonaniem wn?ki pod sanitariaty, geologicznq ztoia w rejonie planow—
(mapy 1 przekroje geologiczne) itp 5. Prace Katedry Geomechaniki, Bu<|
Geotechnlkl zwiqzane z geomeohanieznyml ztoza soli w Wielic
6. Satustowicz A Mechanlka Wydawnlctwo Gdrniczo-Techniezne, (Katowice), 1955.
7. Tajdus A., Cala M , Tajdus Geomeehanika w budownidwie poi Projektowanie I budowa tuneli ISBN 978 511-9, Wydawnlctwo AGH Krakow
8. Tajdus K. 2009 New method for c the elastic parameters df rock mass la;
region of underground mining ii International Journal of Rock Mechanics i Science, ISSN 1365-1609, Tom 46, nf^
1296-1305 (IF. 1.390) <' 9. Tajdus K. 2010 The detecminata
approximate value of a GSl Index for 1 "
mass classificafion for the racks in the ai coal mines. Archives of Mining Sciences, 1^
7001, Tom. 55, nr. 4, str. 879-890 (IF. 0 31?
10. Tajdus K. 2013: Numerical sm undergrcund mining expioitation mfluenc^
terrain surface. Archives of Mining Science 0860-7001, Volume 58 no. 3, pp. 605-616 (IF
11. Wojnar W. 2014: Oplnia geotecl stropu wnpkl projektowanej pod sanitanaty^
podtuznia Hauer-Kopalnla Soli .Wieliczka", m sierpieii 2014, Materiaty nlepubllkowane Gg)Ti
12. www.kopalnia.pl/. « Ngirdi bien tap: V6 Trpng Hung r Tir khoa: nhi ve sinh ngim; d$c tinh km duang Id; sir in anh dia tang, tinh toin si,^
toin phin tich.
Ngay nhgn bai: 01 thing 12 nam 2015 (Xem tiep (rafip 1GHIEPM0,SO3-2016
